Which centrifugal pump for a well to choose. Which well pump to choose
For autonomous water supply, only one well or well is not enough. This system also needs a water supply that connects the source to the consumer. Moreover, the water will not go into the plumbing itself. Therefore, a device responsible for transporting water through the pipeline must be integrated into the system.
And in most cases, this device is a special pump mounted directly into the well. It is he who creates excess pressure or vacuum in the pipeline, under the influence of which water rushes directly to the consumer. Actually, therefore, or wells are a very important event, the results of which determine the performance of the source, and even the quality of the water.
And in this article we will go over all the acceptable options suitable for wells and wells of various types. We hope that among the sediments found in this review, you will be able to find a unit that is suitable for your well.
The purchase of a pump begins with the collection of “baseline data” that determines the performance of the equipment being purchased.
And such data includes the following source parameters:
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- The depth of a well or well, which is measured with a scourge with a weight at the end. Moreover, the depth is the distance from the zero level (ground surface) to the bottom of the well. And the greater the depth, the more powerful the pump should be, because the water will have to be “pushed” up to the entire “depth” plus 2-3 meters (depending on the number of storeys of the building).
- Static and dynamic well level. These parameters determine the "productivity" of the well. After all, the static level is the distance from the zero level of the soil to the water mirror in the well, which has “rested” for several days. That is, the static level shows the maximum volume of water in the source. And dynamic is the minimum volume, since it is determined by pumping out water until it stops decreasing (the inflow compensates for the extraction). Accordingly, by the difference between the static and dynamic levels, it is possible to determine (knowing the diameter of the ring or casing pipe) the “reserve” of water in the well. And the performance of the pressure system is calculated from the margin, determining a particular type.
- The degree of water pollution or the mass fraction of solid particles in a certain volume. It is determined in the laboratory. Moreover, this parameter indicates the duration of trouble-free operation of the pump. Accordingly, the more solid particles, the shorter this period.
- Temperature regimes of pressure equipment operation. Summer-only pumps are both cheaper and perform a little differently than "year-round" models.
- General modes of operation or a scheme of functioning of the entire engineering system, which can be constant (the pump is focused on filling the reservoir or accumulator) or variable (the pump is controlled by a tap in the house). Moreover, the equipment for a variable circuit will cost more. After all, not every device can withstand the constant on / off.
As you can see, choosing a good pump is quite difficult. Therefore, modern manufacturers are trying to offer the maximum number of options created on the basis of different design schemes.
Choosing a pump for a well: an overview of designs
The classification of pump designs can be built on the basis of three principles:
- According to the method of installation of the device.
- According to the transfer method.
- According to the method of liquid transportation.
And the first classification method divides the range of pumps into submersible and surface units. Moreover, surface pumps are suspended above the water surface, and submersible ones are mounted in its thickness. Both options are distinguished from each other by the material and shape of the case. At the same time, the requirements for casing tightness for submersible pumps will be much more stringent than the criteria for assessing the tightness of surface units.
The second classification method divides the range of pumps into vibration and centrifugal units. Moreover, the centrifugal pump for the well uses the following pumping method - its working chamber, located between two disks with blades, is filled with water, the shaft connected to the disks begins (or continues) to rotate, the blades create a centrifugal force that pushes water up the pipeline.
The vibration pump for the well functions in a completely different way. Injection or rarefaction in the working chamber of the pump is provided by an elastic membrane that vibrates under the action of an electric drive (spring-loaded core in a magnetic field).
The third classification method divides the range of pumps into units of normal suction, the discharge chamber of which is completely filled with water, and self-priming devices, the discharge chamber of which creates a vacuum in the hose pumping water from the well.
The best pump for a well: the pros and cons of standard designs
Typical designs include submersible and surface units with a centrifugal or vibrational pumping method. And further in the text, we will evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of these structures, drawing certain conclusions from this information.
Advantages
And it offers the following benefits:
- Such a pump is suitable for a well with any level and any depth. Moreover, there are conventional submersibles, and special equipment serving wells and wells with a depth of more than 15 meters.
- The body of such a pump is made only of a material resistant to corrosion. After all, this unit "dives" into the water either completely or partially. Accordingly, submersible pumps have no problems with possible corrosion, and given the high strength of stainless steel, such pumps have no problems with mechanical resistance. Submersible pumps in a stainless steel casing are able to withstand even the toughest operating conditions.
- Such a pump is completely sealed, because it is immersed in water. Therefore, the risks of oil leakage from the unit are minimal.
In addition, the submersible vibration pump can handle even the dirtiest liquid. But centrifugal structures function only in relatively clean environments.
The surface pump has the following set of advantages:
- It is light, therefore, it can be "hung" in the well shaft on the most elementary bracket, or even a cable.
- It is cheap, so you can buy it without much damage to the budget, and in the event of a serious breakdown, you can buy a new pump.
- It is suitable for both continuous and intermittent operation.
That is why surface-type centrifugal pumps are the most common type of injection equipment for home autonomous water supply systems.
Flaws
The disadvantages of submersible pumps include the high cost of such devices: after all, durable, powerful and sealed units cannot be cheap. In addition, high power comes at the cost of an equally high risk of pump silting. In addition, the suction cone generated by such devices provokes siltation not only of the pump, but also of the well itself.
Therefore, all submersible pumps are equipped with special filters and semi-automatic float-type fuses that turn off the device when the water level in the well reaches a critical level. And, of course, these kits increase the already high price of such equipment. Moreover, the need for additional expenses should be taken into account immediately before choosing a pump for a well.
The disadvantages of surface pumps include limited performance - such a pump will lift water only from a depth of 8 meters (and no more) and the inability to work with dirty media - the impeller becomes clogged with silt in a matter of minutes.
Submersible or surface pump - which one to buy?
Based on the above advantages and disadvantages, we can recommend the following:
- If you have a deep well and a relatively large budget, purchase submersible pumps. They will recoup all costs through long-term operation, during which you will not encounter any unsolvable problems. Such a pump will pump water until it has exhausted the entire mechanical resource.
- If you have a relatively shallow well (up to 8-10 meters) and a modest budget, purchase a surface pump. It is easy to install, self-maintained and works well even in intermittent mode (paired with a hydraulic accumulator).
Simply put: choose a pump according to your needs and budget.
But remember that cheap equipment simply will not be able to pump large volumes of water, functioning almost around the clock.
Only an expensive pump made of high-quality materials, taking into account the special requirements for the reliability of structural components, can withstand such an operating mode. And if you are tuned in to “hard” operation - buy a reliable pump - it will cost less than devices from the budget category, which are replaced due to constant breakdowns.
Providing a private house with water is not complete without the use of special equipment. If there is a well nearby, then a submersible pump will come in handy. Unlike surface types, they are not limited in depth, there is no need to invest in caisson equipment. Such views should be chosen if you do not want to face increased noise from the operation of the station all the time. They are also optimal in the presence of small suspensions in the water.
How to choose the right type of pump?
There are several varieties of submersible types. There are rod and rodless models. The second type is used to work with ordinary water. They receive power through an electrical cable that is lowered into the water along with the device itself. Rodless are divided into two large groups: vibration and centrifugal.
Vibrating types are easy to maintain and operate. There are no moving or rotating parts in their design. They rarely break, so they can be effectively used for autonomous water supply systems and for watering the garden. The vibrating mode works due to the magnetic field that acts on the core, setting the rubber diaphragm in motion. It bends, thereby creating the pressure necessary for suction into the chamber.
The centrifugal pump consists of a motor and a shaft with an impeller. Due to the rotation of the parts, a centrifugal force is created that sucks in water and supplies it through the outlet. This type is divided into suction and self-soaking up.
Factors affecting the right choice
Before buying a pump, you need to take measurements and find out some technical specifications. The important parameters are:
- Well depth. You can get information in the technical documentation that is issued when performing such work.
- Water level. The indicator is measured when the liquid has not been pumped out for some time.
- The height of the water column. It is determined taking into account a static indicator, which is the distance from the surface of the water to the mirror.
- casing diameter. You can study it in the technical documentation or independently.
- required pressure. It depends on many parameters, including water distribution points. In most cases, 3 atmospheres is sufficient.
Choosing a pump for a well by power
This value determines the ability of the unit to create a certain pressure. It affects the performance of the hardware. But for the effective operation of an autonomous water supply system, it is not necessary to choose the most powerful device. This can cause excessive pressure in the pipeline, rapid wear of the unit.
You can determine the correct values yourself. For this, pressure and flow are taken into account. The first is an indication of the height in meters to which the pump can supply water. Consumption refers to the volume of water over a given amount of time.
For calculations, the average rate of fluid per day per person is taken. The resulting value is multiplied by the number of people living in the house. The norm is 1.8 cubic meters per person. If we take into account the occurrence of force majeure circumstances, then 2 cubic meters are taken.
To obtain more accurate information, a more complex formula is used. The water level, added distance, head loss, overpressure value are summed up. Having received the value, you can choose the power without any problems.
It should be borne in mind that the technical documentation usually indicates the maximum values \u200b\u200bof productivity and pressure. This means that you need to buy a slightly more powerful unit than the calculation showed. If this is not done, then the power may not be enough for the full operation of the device.
To get a faster result regarding power, use special calculators. They allow you to make calculations taking into account:
- well depth;
- water mirrors;
- plot area;
- the number of residents;
- installed plumbing fixtures.
Pump selection by head
In order for the equipment to last a long time, pressure is also taken into account. A submersible pump will be considered the best, which not only lifts water from a water supply source, but also transfers it to the end consumer with minimal losses.
The head is calculated by the formula: H=Hgeo+(0.2*L)+10…15 (m). In this formula, H is the head in meters, Hgeo is the geometric height from the pump installation site to the highest draw-off point, 0.2 is the approximate hydraulic resistance parameter, L is the length of the suction pipe, 10 ... 15 is the distance necessary to ensure the correct pressure on output. The latter indicator will not allow the pump to work at its limit. This will extend the life of the equipment.
Additional technical parameters
It takes into account:
- degree of water pollution;
- pump material;
- the presence of an automatic relay.
Selection according to the degree of water pollution
Before buying a submersible pump, the permissible contamination of water with solid inclusions is determined. You can find this parameter in the technical documentation. If the well has a shallow depth or a silty bottom, then it is better to give preference to a pump with an upper water intake.
Sometimes a person does not know about the level of water pollution, chooses a device that is demanding on the quality of the pumped liquid. In this case, it is better to give preference to a model that is equipped with an intake coupler.
Housing material
The pump housing must be made of high-quality material that does not corrode and does not reduce the nutritional quality of the liquid supplied to the water intake. The most inexpensive are plastic models. They do not differ in their durability, they are more often used in summer cottages.
The cast iron body is durable but heavy. In recent years, these types have been replaced by stainless steel and metal devices. They are covered with special polymer coatings that provide protection from adverse factors.
The material of manufacture of internal parts is also important. They should also be made of cast iron or stainless steel. Otherwise, even at low loads, the blades will fall apart.
Do I need to choose a pump with an automatic relay or a built-in float?
The pressure switch is a device that allows you to automate the on and off of pumps. Thanks to him, the moment when the equipment starts to work without liquid is excluded, it is the prevention of "dry running". When the tap is opened, the pressure in the network drops below the threshold level. In this case, the relay is activated, the pump turns on. It turns off if the flow through the sensor stops.
Float switches allow you to determine the level of water in the well. They consist of a float with a switch, a steel ball. The latter, when changing position, closes or opens the contacts.
Pump selection by manufacturers and popular brands
A small price for submersible pumps "Kid". This is a series of several types of vibration pumps, which is distinguished by its simplicity and low price. Similar models do not apply to continuous water. The pressure in them is 40 m, and the productivity varies from 432 to 1000 l / h.
"Gardena" - one of the most effective types. They are produced in Germany and are distinguished by the high quality of the materials used. One of the advantages is the almost complete absence of noise. Double gaskets are used to protect the motor, and built-in check valves are used to optimize the performance of the unit.
"Dzhileks" - under this series a whole series of powerful units with increased efficiency is produced. This effect is made possible by the use of patented floating wheel technology. This technique provides comprehensive protection against idling and from lowering the water level.
In Russia, products manufactured under the Al-co brand are also popular. Pumps can provide water to both a house and a personal plot. With a wide range of pumps, you can choose the type that best suits your needs.
Tips for choosing the right submersible well pump
In addition to technical specifications, additional parameters must be taken into account. Before you go to the store, estimate the length of the power cable. Thanks to this, it is possible to determine the connection point and the need to extend it.
Some pumps have additional features. Pay attention to protection against overheating and idling. It is good if there are non-return valves and filters for mechanical water purification. Some manufacturers complete the device with everything necessary for proper mounting and connection.
When installing a pump that will work in winter, it is worth immediately deciding on its insulation. For this, xenon is provided, which is made of concrete or iron. Styrofoam as insulation. The depth of the pipe laying is also taken into account.
Experts do not recommend saving on power, otherwise the system will not be able to wash the cleaning filters with high quality. This will cause dirty liquid to enter the house. Before calculations, install a quality piping system. It can be both polypropylene and metal types.
In conclusion, we note: choose a pump with automation. If the motor overheats, the system will stop for a while. In addition to technical characteristics, correctly calculate the dimensions of the equipment, its ability to work with liquid media with a certain amount of solid insoluble inclusions, cost and brand.
The presence of a well or an artesian well in a summer cottage or in the courtyard of a private cottage significantly increases the comfort of living, since they suggest the possibility of organizing a permanent water supply for the whole house. Naturally, this will require the installation of a special pump that will pump water from the well. All water pumps for wells differ in their technical characteristics, are able to work in wells of different depths, pump different amounts of water and have different requirements for the quality of the water itself, allowing for a certain amount of solid impurities (sand, clay).
Before deciding on a specific model
There are several important points that you just need to consider when choosing a pump, they will allow you to purchase the most optimal model that is able to meet the existing water demand.
- Characteristics of the well or well itself. Its main “parameter” is the maximum amount of water that it is able to “give out” for a certain period. The power of the device depends on this, since it makes no sense to install a powerful, productive device in a well with a small volume of incoming water if the water level is constantly low.
- characteristics of the device itself. It depends on what pressure it will be able to provide, and how many parsing points it will be able to serve.
- Features of the future water supply and its main tasks. It should be decided when the water intake will be carried out - year-round, or only in the summer, the type of future water supply - summer or permanent. It is also determined in advance the need to use additional automation to maintain the required pressure in the line, and equipment - for example, a hydraulic accumulator.
If choosing a pump for a well in a country house is not so difficult, the process of choosing equipment for organizing a permanent water supply at home is no different. As a rule, it is required to install related equipment, insulate the external pipeline and carefully calculate the power and performance of the pump, which are usually divided into 2 main types - external (surface) and submersible. Each of these types has both advantages and disadvantages.
Some subtleties of choosing a productive and inexpensive pump can be seen in the video
Submersible Vibrating Pump
Submersible vibration pumps for wells are most in demand for seasonal and occasional water supply, they can be used even in shallow wells or for drawing water from a natural reservoir. Most models allow a certain content of solids in the pumped water. However, insoluble impurities tend to shorten the life of the device, and to protect the pump it is advisable to use special filters that are installed on the inlet (you can easily make it yourself).
The most common use of such pumps is the temporary supply of water from small wells (for irrigation, for example). Unlike other modifications, this is the optimal pump for a well with a low water level, since there are two modifications - with lower and upper water intake. The option with a lower intake will allow you to use all the water from the well, but the model with an upper intake is guaranteed to be protected from overheating during operation, since it always remains completely in the water, which serves to cool it. Housings of such pumps are made of non-corrosive materials - aluminum or stainless steel. The productivity of such devices can reach 430 l / h at a pressure of 40 meters.
Submersible centrifugal pump
A fairly wide range that is able to provide effective lifting of water from deep wells, and models without floats are often used for drainage from large wells with a sufficient water level. Such a submersible pump for a well can be used not only for periodic water supply of a small volume, but also for organizing year-round water supply to a private house / cottage. Of course, the well must meet certain requirements, since the pump was designed specifically as a well, namely:
- the depth of the well should be sufficient so that at least 1-1.5 meters of water remains under the pump, and about the same amount on top;
- a pronounced decrease in the water level should not be recorded in the well;
- water should be clean, with a low content of suspended particles.
To accurately answer the question of which pump to choose for a well, two main parameters should be taken into account.
- Head, i.e., the distance from the pump itself to the end point of the water intake (faucet).
- Productivity, i.e. the amount of water supplied by the pump per minute.
Among centrifugal submersible pumps, models that are standardly equipped with a float switch should be separately identified. The installation of such pumps is especially important in wells, and not in wells, since the large distance between the walls of the well and the pump casing implies free movement of the float, and in the event of a critical decrease in its quantity, the lowering of the float blocks the pump. This makes it impossible for it to work “dry”, and, accordingly, failure. Depending on the specific modification. Submersible models with a float can provide a head up to 150 meters, with a capacity of up to 60 l / min.
Drainage pumps - for water that is not distinguished by its purity
Since well drainage pumps are small in capacity, they can only be used for occasional water supply, for which shallow wells or open water are suitable. Depending on the specific modification, it can be designed to pump water containing a significant amount of sand, clay, silt and other suspended particles. This one can be used as a mud pump for, keeping in mind that the permissible values \u200b\u200bof water contamination are different for each model.
Due to the simplicity of design, low weight and low cost, such models are quite common among summer residents, since it is easy to bring and take away without leaving it in the country. It is quite natural that drainage options can also be used in deeper wells, but, as a rule, the head power indicators for such models do not exceed 10-15 meters, which will not allow the pump to be installed in a deeper well.
surface models
If the question arose of which surface pump to choose for the well, you should know that if it is intended to be used all year round, then it should be installed only in a warm room, the well must be insulated, as well as the water main leading to it. The suction pipe must be located deep in the water, below the possible freezing point. All surface models can be divided into two groups:
- vortex apparatus operating independently or in conjunction with additional automation;
- pumping stations are a complex that includes the pump itself, a hydraulic accumulator and an automation unit.
Both of these types can be used to organize a permanent water supply system for a private house, but pumping stations are the most convenient to use. They create and maintain a constant pressure in the plumbing system due to a hydraulic accumulator, the capacity of which can be different. When the tap is open, when the water pressure drops below normal, the automation starts the pump, and the accumulator is refilled.
Such a system can be installed literally within one day, and unlike a deep well pump, it does not require the use of additional equipment. Despite all the convenience of the stations, their use is somewhat limited by the fact that they do not have a large suction depth, and use is possible only in not the deepest wells.
Advice ! At the end of the suction hose located in the water and leading to the station itself, it is better to install a high-quality non-return valve in advance, which will prevent water from flowing out and the station turning on spontaneously.
If there is a deeper well or well, and it is impossible / unwilling to install submersible modifications, for water supply, especially seasonal, you can use a surface vortex pump that supplies water directly to the prepared water supply. Such a solution is justified for providing irrigation in the garden, for lawns, greenhouses, washing vehicles, etc.
Installing the selected equipment in the well is not difficult, and, basically, can be done by hand. At the same time, special attention must be paid to the pipeline through which water will be supplied. Once it has been determined which pump is best for a particular type of well, the appropriate hose must be selected. If hand pumps are used for wells and wells, or vibration pumps, which are lowered only as needed and then removed, a simple rubber hose can be used, fixed to the pump nozzle with a clamp.
If a centrifugal model is installed, which is planned to be removed from the well only for maintenance, it would be more advisable to use a rigid PVC or metal pipeline - a more complex installation is more than offset by reliability and long service life.
Equipping a plot near a private house, the owner is faced with the need for his own well. But carrying buckets of water with your hands has long been out of fashion, and there is no need for this with advanced technological capabilities. The problem of delivering water to the house is freely solved by a water pump for a well.
Choosing a pump for a well is a serious task, but by setting specific tasks, you can significantly reduce the search area for the desired instance.
1 Well pump for water supply
Which pump is better to choose for a well? - the first question that arises before the user, faced face to face with the problem of choice.
The first step towards solving the problem of water supply is to calculate the consumption of the total amount of water in the house. The simplest option would be to use normalized data, which is prescribed for each water consumption point. Adding the results obtained, determine the water flow per hour, and knowing the flow, select the unit of the required capacity. It should be noted that the miscalculation is typical for water consumption in peak modes.
The next step is to determine the height of the liquid carrier and, accordingly, the pressure that the pump must create. The height is determined by measuring from the lower water level of the well to the height of the storage tank. The length of the supply pipe is also taken into account, the pressure loss in which will be 1 m for every 10 m of the pipe.
With the necessary technical data in hand, it's time to move on to choosing a device.
1.1 Types of pumps for a well
How to choose the right pump depending on its type? In this case, well pumps are divided into:
- superficial;
- submersible.
This division depends on the location in the water when used.
Submersible pumps for a well, as well as a water intake device, they are lowered into the water using a cable. In this case, the intake should be located closer to the bottom, so that in the event of a drop in the water level in the well and the appearance of a part of the pump above the water surface, the unit continues to work and the water supply does not stop. It happens that a submersible pump comes with a float that turns off the device when the water level drops to the minimum allowable.
Installing this type of pump is not difficult. The main problem is not to use a metal cable to mount the pump in the well, since the metal is very susceptible to corrosive processes and is short-lived. In addition, in order not to clog the inlet nozzle and the electric pump does not draw sand or other impurities from the bottom, it is placed at a height of at least 0.3 m from the bottom. But it is better to buy a model that has a separate floating filter.
In places where the water intake is below the mark of eight meters, it would be more appropriate to use a deep pump. Their body is made of waterproof material, which is mounted hermetically, so the depth of the well or well does not play a special role. For a pump operating in water, it is very important to avoid running in a “dry” mode, otherwise overheating or more complex breakdowns may occur. By the way, not all imported pumps have at least some protection in this case. The aquario well pump of various modifications, including asp 1e 30-90, boasts such a built-in option, so its service life is significantly increased.
Surface pump for a well is designed for installation on a well or in its immediate vicinity. A representative of this type is able to give water with a normal head column up to 9 meters. When choosing according to the principle of operation, surface-mounted pumps can be found in two types:
- centrifugal pump for a well;
- vibration pumps for wells.
Vibratory pumps are weaker, do not create pressure like centrifugal ones. But still they are able to lift liquid up to 6 meters. Their principle of operation is based on the operation of the membrane under the influence of an electromagnetic drive. Vibrating, a membrane made of an elastic material creates a vacuum for pumping water, and then pushes it out with force like a pump.
The pumping out of water by a centrifugal pump for a well occurs as follows: the working space (chamber) is filled with water between the discs with blades, which are driven by the motor shaft; rotating blades use centrifugal force to push liquid through the outgoing pipeline, providing water supply.
Surface-type pumps require the installation of automation without fail. If the level of the pumped liquid falls below the set level, and the pump is not turned off, it will definitely fail due to overload and overheating.
According to the method of fluid suction, the entire range of pumping equipment is divided into the following subspecies:
- normal absorption;
- self-priming.
For units with normal suction, the working chamber is completely filled with water, and self-priming ones create a vacuum in the outgoing pipe.
2 Which is better?
The selected circulation pump must provide continuous water supply. It is difficult to choose a reliable pump, because, despite the reviews of different models, each specific case is considered separately.
A submersible pump is used for a well with any amount of water. At the same time, the division is carried out into conventional devices and devices for servicing wells or deep wells of more than fifteen meters. The body part of such pumps is made of anti-corrosion materials, since at least part of such a unit is in the water. If the case is stainless steel, then mechanical wear resistance and strength can be safely applied to the advantages. Tightness minimizes the risk of leakage of industrial oils and other harmful contaminants.
In addition, a good submersible vibratory pump handles even the dirtiest liquid media, which is not typical of centrifugal competitors. Their trouble-free operation is possible only in practically pure water.
The hand pump for the well (surface pump) bears its name because of the undoubted ease of both carrying and placing in a convenient place for the user. It can work suspended on a cable or bracket. Cheapness allows you to purchase, repair and replace without much damage to the budget. And its suitability for continuous or intermittent operation makes it known as a well pump.
The surface centrifugal pump is better for the well in the price-quality category, so it has taken the niche of the best-selling unit of private water injection systems.
The biggest disadvantage of water submersible devices is their cost. A rugged sealed housing and a powerful electric motor cannot be cheap. Plus, the suction feature provokes not only a possible flood of the pump, but also gradual damage to the well, especially if it is an Abyssinian. To get out of this situation, pumps are designed in which horizontal water intake is possible or the intake is placed in the middle of the device.
As for surface pumps, they are characterized by low productivity, increased vibration and the inability to work in dirty environments - the impeller working flywheel will become clogged with sand and silt for several minutes.
Which pumps will work longer and more reliably, even the best specialist will not say for sure. But some selection recommendations are still present.
For continuous operation without overheating and to avoid cavitation processes, it is recommended to use a water intake pipe with a check valve, which will ensure the constant presence of water in the system.
In a deep well, if the budget is possible, it is recommended to install submersible pumps. The cost recovery will occur due to long-term operation, practically without any problems. With proper installation, only the complete exhaustion of the device will stop its operation.
With the presence of a shallow well and a minimum budget, surface pumping equipment is installed. It is easy to install, serviceable to the user, works perfectly and intermittently. These are excellent pumps for watering the garden from the well directly.
But it should be remembered that only high-quality equipment will withstand a long hard load. By the way, pumps of Italian origin of the trademark have proven themselves well, giving a good impetus to competition in all segments of pumping equipment. Buying a low-quality device threatens with frequent breakdowns and interruptions in work, which, as a result, will cost more than a reliable sample.
2.1 How does a well pump work in the country? (video)
Buying a pump for servicing a country house will save you a lot of problems. Relatively inexpensive compact equipment will collect water in containers for irrigation, deliver it to the bathhouse, to the kitchen, to a pond or pool equipped on the site. Agree, it is too difficult to handle so many cases manually, and almost impossible.
Pumping equipment will easily perform all of the above work for you if all the technical and hydrogeological nuances were taken into account before purchasing it. We are happy to help you sort out this difficult issue. The article presented for review contains all the characteristics and circumstances necessary for a competent choice.
The information we offer will help you to thoroughly understand what you should pay attention to before buying, which pump is better for the well, what needs to be provided for connection. We have listed the leaders in the production of pumping equipment for private purposes. The information is supported by video and photo examples.
Before buying a well pump, you need to carefully prepare.
Without information about the source of water supply, even a brilliant salesman will not be able to say with accuracy which device will fit perfectly.
The characteristics of the pump are selected based on the calculated value of the water flow and the type of source from which water is to be extracted
For a perfect selection of the pump, the following information is required:
- Distance from the entry point to the bottom of the well. For country collapsible water pipes, it is counted from the upper edge of the head, because the water supply hose is usually wound through it. For permanent water pipes, the specified distance is set aside from the entry point through the well wall. You can determine it with the simplest measuring device made of twine and a load tied to it.
- Static level or otherwise a mirror of water. This is the distance from the ground line to the surface of the water in the well. For a personal determination, the above device must be modernized by replacing an arbitrary load with a weighty nut. It must be tied to two opposite walls so that the nut hole that comes into contact with the surface of the water emits something similar to cotton.
- dynamic level. It is determined similarly, but before measuring it, water is pumped out of the mine. Before determining the static indicator, water cannot be pumped out.
- Full height of the well. This value can be found by adding the heights of the rings used in the construction.
- Site plan with dimensions. It is necessary to determine the distances from the place of water intake to the points of water intake. A hand-drawn diagram with accurately marked distances will do.
- The difference between dynamic and static level response. The value gives the right to determine the flow rate of the well.
- The height of the water column. Equal to the distance between the bottom and the dynamic level.
- Degree of water pollution. It is crystal clear or with a fine suspension, belongs to the technical or drinking category.
Armed with measured and calculated data, you can safely go to a specialized store.
For a competent choice of pump, information about the source of water supply is required: static and dynamic groundwater level, well depth, degree of water pollution (+)
However, for a good owner to choose an impeccable pump in the well, the information received is not enough. In order not to become a victim of banal deception, one should expand and increase the store of knowledge.
It is necessary to find out the technical characteristics of the pump: maximum performance, maximum head, maximum depth from which the pump can pump water (+)
Which option is needed - superficial or deep?
The design specificity of water pumps is directly related to the depth of the developed development.
According to the specified parameter, all types of water supply units are divided into:
- Surface. Installed in the house or near the well. The surface type is used to transport water from a depth of no more than 7 - 9 m. They are used mainly in the summer to provide water for temporary residences, can be used to draw water from open sources and small wells.
- Submersible, otherwise deep or borehole. They are lowered directly into the working, connected to the supply hose and to the fastening cable. Submersible pumps supply water from a depth of 9 to 200 m. They are mainly used as the main working body of autonomous aquifer systems operating all year round.
In the lines of submersible units there are well and. Both options can be used for well equipment, but a system with the appropriate name is preferable as a more adapted type.
Both are designed to pump water without contaminants. For normal operation, they need a clean water environment without grains of sand and clay suspension.
It is undesirable for deep technology to be installed in an old well. In case of emergency, the walls and bottom of the working need to be strengthened, after pumping out the water. Cracks and potholes must be sealed with concrete mortar and a new bottom filter should be installed.
Surface pumps are used mainly in summer water supply systems, their weighty plus lies in the possibility of using them to draw water from open sources.
Surface systems are less sensitive to contamination. If a well has opened a top water, intended for technical purposes, the choice should be stopped at one of the surface pumps.
For workings with an unstable water supply, there are models with a signal float that automatically stops pumping when the level drops below the technical limit.
Surface-type pumps can be used to extract water from wells up to 30 m deep, if they are. The device is lowered into the working like a submersible unit, but the pumping of water is carried out directly by the surface system.
However, with increasing depth, the performance of such a tandem decreases, and energy consumption increases. The acquisition of the said pair for deep mining is considered unprofitable. It’s better to buy one equipped with a storage tank and automation.
From a mine working with an unstable flow rate, water is extracted by submersible pumps with float signal devices. The model in the photo is suitable for pumping water from a depth of up to 13 m
Necessary and sufficient characteristics of the unit
The technical passport of the unit will acquaint the future owner with the most useful information necessary in the selection of the best pump model for the well.
The following characteristics must be taken into account:
- Maximum performance. Indicates the number of liters supplied by the unit per minute. Depends on the power of the machine and the throughput of the pipe transporting water. Needed to compare with the actual need for water.
- suction depth. Indicated in meters, indicates from what depth the pump can pump and transport water. Needed for comparison with the dynamic level and the specific depth of the well.
- Maximum pressure. Defines the distance between the water intake point and the highest water draw point. Needed for comparison with the required value of hydraulic head, calculated for specific conditions.
The main characteristic of the pump is performance. It should be equal to the water consumption of simultaneously operated points or the amount of water consumed in one hour.
Buying a pumping unit with excess power is unwise. If the equipment constantly switches to “dry running”, the service life will be noticeably reduced. On the other hand, an illiterate selection of a pump will lead to a lack of pressure and a lack of water.
When designing a water supply system in a country house, the first step is to determine the required water flow, for this the number and location of water intake points are calculated
The choice of a pump model in terms of performance is influenced by another very important parameter - the flow rate of the well. The amount of water in mine workings buried in a sandy aquifer is most often unstable.
Therefore, the performance of the unit and the frequency of its operation are strongly recommended to be coordinated with the flow rate of the well, and then focus on the water flow.
An example of calculations for the selection of equipment
Suppose we buy a submersible pump for a well 25 m deep. The dynamic level measured after pumping is set at a depth of 15 m. The distance to the house is 30 m.
Water points are located on the first and second floors of the cottage. Conditional consumers will be: a shower, a kitchen and a watering tap. We neglect the toilet bowl and washbasin as means of periodic use.
Calculate the pressure. To do this, we summarize the value of the dynamic level of 15 m, the horizontal segment of the water supply, 30 m of which is equal to 3 m of vertical supply (30/10 = 3). To them we add a gravitational indicator of 5 m, consisting of 1 m for delivery to the first floor and 4 m for delivery to the second.
Let's add 30 m required for the normal functionality of any pumping system. The following expression was obtained 15 + 3 + 5 + 30 \u003d 53 m, or otherwise 5.3 atm, the minimum required for supplying water to the cottage. It is customary to select equipment for performance with a small margin, taking into account some loss of power in the process of wear.
To calculate the water consumption, the number of residents in the house is predicted, the number and location of water sampling points are calculated: taps, toilet bowls, bathtubs, washing machine, etc.
Let's calculate the water consumption. We have three permanent water points. A watering tap consumes up to 18 liters per minute, a faucet in the kitchen 10 liters, a shower 12 liters per minute. It turns out 40 liters, to which we add 5 liters for plumbing, periodically consuming water.
The calculated water flow parameters for individual plumbing fixtures are shown in the table, if necessary, the values should be converted to the units of measurement indicated in the pump data sheet
We take into account that the flow rate should be less than the flow rate of the well by about 15%. If, as a result of pumping out water, the dynamic level drops, the pump will switch to “dry running”, which ultimately leads to accelerated wear of equipment.
Let's choose a pump. We compare the data on the performance of the selected model with the water consumption and well flow rate. If a storage tank is not supposed to be included in the plumbing system, the pump must supply water in the amount of the total second flow rate.
If you have a conventional storage tank or you need to focus on the hourly water consumption.
To verify the values of pressure and water flow, manufacturers of pumping equipment have developed tables with the help of which the best option is selected (in the denominator is the head, in the numerator is the water flow)
Differences of pumps according to the principle of operation
The work of all types of water pumps is to suck water and then push it into the water intake pipe and further along the pipeline. A vacuum is created inside the unit, due to which suction occurs.
The portion of water pumped into the vacuum chamber is displaced by the next portion. This continues until the desired liquid enters the tap designed to pass it.
For efficient operation of a centrifugal pump, water should not contain a large amount of suspended particles, however, slight contamination is acceptable (+)
According to the methods of forming a vacuum, household pumping equipment is divided into the following types:
- Centrifugal. They work due to the formation of centrifugal force by the blades of a centrifugal wheel. These include a substantial part of the surface aggregates. It is the least sensitive to the presence of grains of sand in the water, but there are still restrictions on the degree of pollution.
- Vortex. Create a vacuum by rotating the vortex wheel. This is a disk with small blades arranged around the circumference, forming a vortex cavity inside the device. The particles of water that have fallen into it are given additional acceleration, due to which vortex units give a pressure of greater value than centrifugal ones. The disadvantage of vortex apparatus lies in the vulnerability to dirty water.
- Electromagnetic, otherwise vibrating. They function by drawing in water from a diaphragm located inside, which in turn drives the reciprocating movements of the electromagnetic field. They belong to submersible pumps, unlike vortex counterparts, they are more adapted to somewhat polluted water.
Self-priming pumps have been invented to extract and transport water with a significant air content. These are surface systems, in the lineup of which you can find options with and without an ejector. Various companies produce self-priming pumping equipment for pumping clean or contaminated water.
All of these types of pumps are used in the construction of autonomous water supply systems, they supply water for household needs, drinking purposes and irrigation of the site.
Overview of pumps from trusted manufacturers
The buyer, who owns a manor with a well, is offered an extensive range of reliable pumping equipment supplied by domestic and foreign manufacturing companies.
Decent offers of foreign brands
We list the popular foreign brands of pumps that are in demand among summer residents and lovers of country life:
- ESPA, Spain. The products of the Espa Group manufacturer are distinguished by stable operation, endurance, pleases with maximum adaptability to operation in difficult Russian conditions. The company's activity started with the production of centrifugal pumping systems more than half a century ago. Now for domestic use, the company offers a series of submersible well pumps and surface stations. The price tag is from 9 thousand rubles.
- PEDROLLO, Italy. For more than 20 years, it has been supplying deep well pumps and self-priming surface units to the domestic market. The company's products are attractive due to their lightness, successfully combined with the strength of the parts and the case; anti-corrosion materials that meet high environmental requirements are used in the production. Price from 14 thousand rubles.
- KARCHER or KG for short, Germany. It has been producing pumps for more than 80 years, the line of manufactured pumping equipment for wells includes submersible pumps and water supply stations with automation and a hydraulic tank. KG pump technology is characterized by perfect assembly precision and long service life. Price from 9 thousand rubles.
- GARDENA, Germany. The company specializes in the production of garden tools and equipment. It produces garden pumps for water intake from shallow workings and open reservoirs, borehole pumping equipment and automatic pressure stations. The price of the units depends on the design complexity, starts from 6 thousand rubles, the average price tag is 13 - 23 thousand rubles.
- GRUNDFOS, Denmark. The largest manufacturer of pumping equipment, whose products are respected for wear resistance and a high degree of corrosion protection. Submersible and surface Danish pumping machines are reasonably popular, the average price is 27 thousand rubles.
- ZDS, Italy. It produces premium-class pumping equipment, the company is famous for its unique engine protection system against overheating, dry running, and power surges. In the product line for wells, positions with high performance, capable of pumping water with some sand content. The average price tag is from 32 thousand rubles.
A wide foreign selection is somewhat overshadowed by the impressive cost of serious models. Moreover, pumps for the intake of perched water can be purchased at a very reasonable price.
The weighty disadvantages include the high cost of repairs and the difficulty of delivering original spare parts to replace worn-out and unable to withstand the hardships of local operation.
Despite the extensive model range, foreign-made pumps have significant drawbacks: complications with repair and delivery of original spare parts
More about pumps of domestic production
The disadvantages of foreign units spontaneously turn into the advantages of domestic products. The buyer of a pump with a Russian brand will not be intimidated by the price, and will not be burdened by the difficulties of repair. A pleasant bonus will be a convincing one-year warranty, as well as the ability to quickly exchange your purchase for a more suitable model.
Kid: small and bold!
Many generations of summer residents are familiar with diligence and unpretentiousness. The products are produced by JSC HMS Livgidromash located in the Vladimir region. For more than 70 years of development, a single representative has given rise to numerous modifications.
In the product line there are models with variations in pressure and depth of intake, there are options with a suction pipe located below or above.
They are purchased with a lower pipe if impeccably clean water is to be transported. They buy with an upper pipe if there is a risk of clogging with silt and other suspended impurities.
The legendary pump Malysh is one of the most inexpensive and unpretentious pumps, provides water supply horizontally over a distance of over 100 meters (+)
The universal unit is suitable for extracting water from wells, open reservoirs, wells. To equip a constantly functioning water supply system, this is not the most suitable type.
However, among equally compact machines, it leads in terms of performance. Resistant to power surges, loyal to the shortcomings of the power grid, protected from "dry running".
The vibration unit Malysh attracts with its simplicity of design and the price that is conducive to purchase. On average, the cost of miniature equipment ranges from 1.5 to just over 2 thousand rubles. Analogue - practically no different from the Kid in terms of technical and price aspects.
Pumps Rucheek and Malysh are equipped with protection devices against "dry running" and against short circuits, automatic restart, voltage stabilization and pressure maintenance (+)
Well pumps from the company Gileks
JEELEX- a pioneer in the production of pumps in the post-Soviet space. The company, founded in Klimovsk, near Moscow, has been producing pumps for domestic and industrial use for almost a quarter of a century. The manufacturer's arsenal includes the latest equipment, innovative technologies and its own engineering developments.
Image gallery
For the organization of water supply to private households, Gileks produces a wide range of pumping equipment
Pumping equipment with the Gileks logo is accepted for repair on the territory of all CIS countries, to eliminate possible breakdowns, the required spare parts are always available
Dzhileks brand pumps work excellently in difficult domestic conditions, are equipped with built-in protection systems against dry running and pollution
Production and trading company Gileks offers the consumer an abundant range of surface, submersible and booster pumps for arranging private homes and improving public utilities
Gileks offers owners of suburban areas with a well a wide range of pumping equipment, issues installation and operating instructions. The company publishes recommendations on how to correctly select the best pump for a well and other sources of water supply.
Submersible pumps Vodomet are not equipped with a built-in check valve, so in some cases it is recommended to install a check valve on the pump outlet (+)
To draw water from shallow wells, surface self-priming installations are produced. "Jumbo" and automatic pumps.
Automatically functioning equipment supplies clean water from workings, main networks, open reservoirs, independently turns on / off, maintains a stable pressure in the water supply system.
If the automatic station is equipped with an ejector, then the requirements for the purity of the pumped water can be reduced. The price for the simplest products is from 6.5 thousand rubles.
A series of Jumbo pumps is available in the form of two modifications:
pump and automatic pump, the latter operates in automatic mode, maintaining the required pressure in the system, turning on and off as needed (+)
The labeling of Gileks submersible pumps indicates the volume of maximum water flow and the amount of pressure in the form of a fraction.
Index A indicates automatic pumps, the operation of which is controlled by the level of water taken. The letter H denotes models with a frequency converter, the DOM index marks automatic machines that maintain constant pressure in the water supply network. Price from 7 to 25 thousand rubles. depending on the structural complexity.
Conclusions and useful video on the topic
Tips for selecting the optimal pumping equipment from sales specialists:
Personal experience of a summer resident who chose a pump for a deep well:
An overview of pumping equipment from Gileks to help customers:
The detailed information we offer with the criteria for choosing the optimal well pump will help you purchase the ideal unit with the required technical characteristics.
We presented the leaders of production in the segment of pumps, familiarized them with approximate price tags. Now you can realize the planned purchase of the pump with confidence.
Looking for an efficient well pump? Or do you have experience with these setups? Please leave comments on the article and share your impressions about the use of pumping equipment.