Cut off from central heating. How to turn off central heating in an apartment: legal and technical aspects of the problem
Problem
On December 4, 2012, I bought an apartment in the city of Nakhodka, in a five-story block building, with the heating devices removed, which is recorded in the act of receiving the transfer. The apartment is not burdened according to the certificate. When contacting Primteploenergo to change ownership, we were told that they would pay for heating in full and owe the old owner \145000r\. I contacted the management company with a request to fix the fact that there were no heating devices. Representatives of the up-company and Primteploenergo drew up an act that the heating devices were removed without permission. To tell the truth, in such a climate, my family is comfortable even without heating, and if you install batteries, you will have to live with open windows, that is, to heat the street with our money. I am a pensioner and a labor veteran and have no extra money. Tell me, please, how can we be in such a situation? Can we defeat Primteploenergo's machine? Is it really necessary to restore the heating and heat the street? Help me please.
Sincerely, Andrey Petrovich Devyatkin.
Thank you for your comments. The redevelopment of this apartment took place in 2003, and at the same time heating appliances, than there is an act / from housing and communal services \. At that time there were not many owners. There is an act of an independent examination that the thermal insulation of the apartment meets all standards and snips and does not affect the heat supply of the house in any way. As for general house needs: there are no heating devices in the entrances, what do we have to pay for? I don’t refuse to pay for the services that I receive, but they want to oblige me to pay for those that I don’t receive. When changing the owner, you need to provide all the documents that you listed, and in 2003 the list of documents was the same ?
Sincerely, Andrey Petrovich Devyatkin
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The pace of life is constantly increasing, and prices are rising along with it, and citizens are trying to compensate for these losses in various ways. So, often tenants are interested in the question of how to refuse central heating to pay less. It is possible, but the process itself involves two stages - legal and technical.
What do we have to do
Legal side of the issue
- First of all, it is necessary to distinguish between two aspects of this issue - collective and individual. That is, residents of a single apartment can refuse centralized heating, but they can also ask for the termination of the services of a CHP plant or a central boiler house for a whole house or a riser of one entrance.
- One of the problems of individuals lies in the dilemma - an individual refusal from the central heating of an apartment does not imply exemption from paying for the utility service for heating an apartment, regarding Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05.23.2006 No. 307. The whole catch lies in the fact that the degree of provision of certain household services is determined not by the desire of the citizens living in the house, but by the level of improvement of the building, which, of course, includes the heating of apartments.
- Heating circuit high-rise building, powered from a thermal power plant or a central boiler house, is a single unit, with a system of common risers, heating devices, stop valves and a total counter. If one link falls out of the common chain, then the entire chain is broken, and if part of it is removed from this link, then the entire assembly will again weaken.
- Many probably noticed that some batteries are connected through the wall, from a neighboring apartment, or vice versa - a neighbor's radiator is connected from your apartment. In this case, how to refuse heating in the apartment, if this will lead to a system failure in your neighbors? It turns out that in order to withdraw one unit from the house, it is necessary to reorganize almost the entire circuit.
- Guided by Article 36 of the LCD Russian Federation the entire heating circuit, that is, risers, deck chairs, radiators, and so on, are part of the property of this building. But on the other hand, the composition of such property can be determined by the owner or housing association, as well as bodies called local self-government, when choosing an organization to manage the house.
- That is, if such property is defined as common, then the issue of refusing centralized heating should be decided by the general meeting of the owners of this residential building. This is important because disabling one user reduces the entire heating system, and hence the reduction of this common property, which is possible only with an agreed reconstruction (Article 36, Part 3 of the LC RF). The above points indicate that unauthorized disconnection from a common water circuit is an illegal act.
- But situations are possible when heating appliances are not included in the joint property of this house. In such cases, an individual owner can disconnect the radiators in his apartment from the circuit (without causing damage) without the approval or agreement of the other owners of parts of the building.
- But this provision does not provide for an arbitrary disconnection from the general heating circuit, but only in the manner prescribed by the RF Housing Code. Article 25 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation states that the installation or dismantling of engineering networks and structures (electricity, gasification, plumbing, heating and interior partitions) can only be carried out with the knowledge of the relevant organizations. This is justified by the fact that during such actions it is necessary to introduce system changes into the technical documentation.
- By order of the Ministry of Land Construction of the Russian Federation dated 04.08.1998 No. 3, the “Instruction on the conduct of housing stock in the Russian Federation” was approved. It is this document that must comply with the content and form of the technical passport of a residential building.
- Section III of the technical passport must contain detailed description type of heating. Therefore, the dismantling of radiators or the installation of any equipment to compensate for the heat loss of the system is a reorganization, therefore, should be reflected in the documents.
- So, to the question of whether it is possible to refuse central heating, a laconic answer is possible - yes, this will require certain actions on the part of the owner. In accordance with article 26, part 2 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, you must provide a list of documents to the organization that carries out the approval. A reconstruction project will also have to be attached to these documents, but if it does not comply with the requirements of the law, then on the basis of Article 27, Part 1 of the LC RF, you will be refused.
About the renovation project
- The project for the reconstruction of the heating system must comply with the permission issued to you to deviate or change the parameters of this construction. To draw up such a project, you need to make a calculation about the impact of turning off the radiators in your apartment on the system as a whole. You will also have to find out how turning off the radiators will affect the thermal and hydraulic regime of the entire building, and, of course, you need to calculate the residual heating of your rooms from the risers (sunbeds) passing through the apartment.
- In a situation where dismantling heating appliances recognized as possible from the technical side and such a project will be formalized in the appropriate manner by an organization holding a license, the instruction requires an assessment of possible consequences its implementation. The consequences of dismantling heating appliances and your operation of other equipment should not allow infringement of the rights of citizens living in the neighborhood. For example, adjusting the temperature level in your apartment should not in any way affect the heating of your neighbors.
- If the consequences of the implementation of your project can affect the increase or decrease in the temperature regime in the living space of your neighbors, then this may be the reason for a negative response to your receipt of the appropriate permit. Also, one should not forget that self-government bodies may treat the signing of the document without due care, which can subsequently cause confusion with the redistribution of property.
- In the case when heating devices are part of the property of this building, their dismantling by a private person is unlawful. Based on the foregoing, to the question of whether it is possible to refuse heating in an apartment for one owner, the answer is no. But here concessions of local governments are not excluded.
- If the inhabitants of the whole entrance apartment building express a common intention to abandon centralized heating, this can be achieved by reconstructing the general contour of the building. The decision to disconnect from the centralized heating circuit and, as a result, to change the level of improvement of the building, is adopted by voting at a general meeting of all owners of this house. The process of implementing this decision is allowed only in accordance with the norms of the legalized project.
Advice. If you want to abandon the centralized heating system, then carefully study the rules described above and highlight those materials that relate to your situation. The whole process of rejection and change heating circuit at home is regulated by the 4th Chapter of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation.
The technical side of the project change
- In order to fully understand the requirements of the 4th Chapter of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, you need to soberly evaluate the entire existing project and the place of your apartment in this scheme. First of all, figure out what kind of heating distribution system you have - two-pipe (photo above) or single-pipe (photo below). In a two-pipe circuit, the supply and return of the coolant is carried out separately, in parallel pipes.
- So, two-pipe system it can be either with top or bottom supply, that is, if your apartment is located on the top floor, then in addition to the heating riser, a sunbed will also pass through the rooms, supplying hot water. Now check how water is supplied from it to neighboring apartments.
- This photo (above) was taken on the top floor, in the kitchen in Khrushchev, and a thin half-inch riser extending from the sunbed goes down all floors to the bottom of the house. You probably understand that disconnecting the riser from the system means cutting off the water supply to the lower floors, which, of course, no one will allow you to do. In such situations, there is only one way out - to disconnect only the radiators themselves from the circuit.
Advice. When the radiators are disconnected from the water circuit in the apartment, residual heating from the risers and the sunbed of the system is obtained, for which you will have to pay. But you can agree with the general meeting and, having insulated the heat-carrying pipes with mineral wool, close them with a plasterboard box so that they do not give you heat.
- In almost any case, pipes of the general water circuit will remain in your apartment, and this will be regarded by law as residual heating. The only exceptions are those situations when the risers are mounted at the entrance, but this is extremely rare.
- Most often, the desire to make autonomy with your own hands arises with various options for single-pipe wiring of radiators. The bottom line is that many years of experience have shown that such options are effective for three, maximum, for five radiators, and the coolant enters the rest in an already cooled state. Such a system is also known as Leningradka, where 3-4 batteries are usually connected to one pipe.
- The disadvantages of such a circuit are that the coolant, passing through the radiator, is cooled, but after that it does not go into the return pipe, but returns back to the same water supply pipe. The situation is aggravated when the battery becomes part of the riser, that is, it is embedded directly into it and is something of a filter.
- The circuit with a bypass looks a little different - in the figure above it is indicated by the number 1, and the radiator - by the number 2. In such cases, you simply turn off the battery, and the coolant circulates through the bypass further, and here it is unlikely that any of the owners will be against your shutdowns. After all, disconnecting part of the heating devices from the single-pipe water circuit entails an increase in temperature in the remaining radiators.
Advice. In case of disconnecting radiators from a one-pipe system, you'd better move the bypass into the pipe line. By doing this, you will not only benefit in terms of aesthetics, but also reduce the area of \u200b\u200binsulation of the element and the drywall box for it.
- Let's go back to connecting radiators without and look at the top figure. As you can see, turning off the radiator in this case is equivalent to a plug for the entire circuit - this method is often used in a riser that supplies coolant to heated towel rails.
- That is, you probably understand that shutdown can only be done when the circuit is closed, and here you can use two methods - electric or gas welding, or make an insert from polypropylene, which is much more reliable and easier to perform. In addition, ecoplastic is a very poor conductor of heat, which is extremely beneficial for you in such a situation.
Advice. If you decide to abandon the centralized heating system, then you need to remember two things: firstly, whatever the price of dismantling part of the common water circuit (including legal costs), the end result will cover all your costs, at least within one or two heating seasons. Secondly, even if, at first glance, the situation seems hopeless, you can always find a compromise solution that suits both sides.
When an apartment building is put into operation, all apartments in it have central heating. But, due to the high cost of payment, as well as the schedule for switching on and off heating, many residents are switching to individual heating.
In this regard, many are interested in the question: how to correctly issue a refusal from general heating in a multi-storey building.
What the legislation says
According to all the rules, the possibility of switching to individual heating in a high-rise building is not forbidden.
But, in order to have no claims against the tenant who refused the central heating, it is necessary to resolve a number of legal issues:
- The owner of the apartment needs to draw up a written statement about the upcoming redevelopment in the heating system;
- Prepare a registration certificate for a dwelling (apartment). It is the option that the owner receives after its acquisition. Since it is by it that they will judge the possibility of switching to autonomous heating;
- You must have a certificate of ownership;
- Prepare a project for the reconstruction;
- Obtain the written consent of both adult citizens living together with the owner, and all neighbors in the entrance to the possibility of redevelopment of heating;
- Get consent to exit from the centralized heating of the apartment from the organization that is responsible for the preservation of architectural monuments. If this organization is refused, then it makes no sense to contact other institutions;
- In cases where the owner of a dwelling in an apartment building is going to connect an individual gas heating, then you will also need permission from the gas service;
- In addition, the entire list of documents listed above with all approvals will need to be transferred to the fire organization. They must fully study it and also give their consent.
Only when obtaining permits from all instances can we talk about the rejection of centralized heating in an apartment building.
Is it possible to carry out the procedure for individual disconnection from heating without the consent of the neighbors?
Many people who have decided to switch to individual heating are interested in the question of whether it is possible not to take permission from the neighbors of an apartment building.
Permission from the neighbors of the owners can be avoided, but only in one single case: if the elements of the existing central heating were not previously determined by the property ownership of the entire residential building according to the available documentation.
But even if consent from the neighbors is not needed, this does not allow an individual to be self-willed. You still have to go through all the instances to obtain approval in order to turn off the central heating in your own apartment.
Why is it necessary to approve a new heating system project?
No organization will give permission to switch to individual heating without its project. On an independent basis and without an engineering education, it will not work to draw up a project. It is best to contact a specialized institution for help.
The project must meet the following requirements:
- Show the role of a certain area (apartment) in the general heating system of the house (when switching to an individual one);
- The possibility of equipping the apartment with a heating boiler in terms of fire safety;
- Calculations for residual elements of central heating (sunbeds and risers), for which you will have to pay in the general manner, despite the transition;
- Thermal-hydraulic calculations.
Only if all of the above calculations fit into the acceptable norms, you can give the finished project for the approval procedure. If, according to the norms, the prepared document does not comply, then the individual will be refused.
What other issues need to be addressed when deciding to turn off the central heating in your own apartment?
Getting permission to switch to individual heating is troublesome and you should not expect that the dream will come true in just 2 days. You will have to run a lot, because in addition to legal authorities, it is necessary that the boiler and the heating system itself comply with the required technical parameters.
These include:
- In order to switch to individual heating, you must have an individual boiler equipment. Most often - a wall-mounted boiler. It, according to all the rules, should be located away from heated appliances, to ensure the circulation of the coolant on a natural basis. There is no way to do this in the system;
- In order to ensure forced circulation, two options can be used - the use of boilers of a modern design or the installation additional pump for circulation. All other options will be denied for use in an apartment building;
- Boiler equipment must have a closed body and automatic systems that will ensure the safety of its operation. The temperature regime of the coolant should not exceed 95 degrees Celsius, the pressure in the system used should not be higher than 1 MPa;
- The choice of radiators is a purely personal matter, but in order to save Money most often used aluminum. Since they are not only cheap, but also have a fairly good heat dissipation;
- Pipe routing takes place taking into account the structural features of the residential premises. It can only be of two types: radial or single-tube.
What needs to be done by an individual in order to stop paying for it after refusing centralized heating?
Even after all the permissions received from the higher authorities and the conversion work, you can continue to pay for the presence of centralized heating.
An important point in this case is the submission of the necessary documents to heating network to exclude a subscriber from the register of central heating users.
At a minimum, these should be:
- A photocopy of the project for the re-equipment of the living quarters;
- A photocopy of the act on the adoption of the heat supply system, issued by the commission for its implementation.
In addition, additional proposals may be put forward in each region. regulations, so they will also need to be presented.
In cases of non-submission of documentation according to the presented list, charges for payment will be made in the established mode.
Is it possible to refuse central heating to the residents of the entire apartment building?
- energy company;
- heating network;
- gorgaz;
- housing organization;
- architectural department.
- After the project is approved, it must be transferred to a licensed organization that will be responsible for carrying out the work;
- After the redevelopment work is completed, they must be accepted by all the organizations that were listed above.
Only through joint efforts, having carried out this huge work on the redevelopment of the heating system, it will be possible to save your budget in a real, and most importantly, legal way.
Should know!
Having decided to turn off central heating in an apartment building, you should always remember the following points:
- Discuss this opportunity with your neighbors. If there are supporters who want to make the same reconstruction in own apartments, it will become much easier to solve problems;
- Collect all necessary documents;
- If in order to get permission you have to pay for the reconstruction of the heating main, think about whether the skin is worth the candle;
- Obtain a work permit;
- Purchase all necessary equipment;
- Ask for help in carrying out work in a special organization;
- Please note that according to the amendments adopted in 2011, the transition to individual heating of one particular apartment has become almost impossible. Even when applying to the judiciary, not all cases are won by apartment owners. Therefore, it is best to turn off central heating upon application by the entire entrance or apartment building;
- Remember that for unauthorized disconnection from centralized heating, a fine is imposed on an individual, established by law. In addition, all costs incurred for the restoration of central heating are also borne by the individual who caused the damage;
- From anyone decision It should be good not only for one person, but also for others.
So, summing up all of the above, we can confidently say that it is quite possible for residents in an apartment building to refuse central heating, but only this process should proceed without violating the law.
Apartment buildings with central heating
The desire to abandon central heating is increasingly visited by residents of apartments in apartment buildings. There are many reasons for this, but the main one is the high cost. utilities. At the same time, the quality of service and the level of comfort in the house are far from always the same as we would like. Consider how you can legally disable and create an autonomous system.
Note! In Russia and other countries, for example, in Ukraine, legal subtleties may differ, but the technical procedure will be approximately the same.
What the law says
The law does not prohibit residents of apartment buildings from refusing central heating services. But before shutting down the system, legal issues need to be resolved. The main nuance facing apartment owners who want to use modern autonomous systems lies in the features of the building's improvement.
In simple terms, the central heating system of an apartment building is a single network that has common risers, pipelines, fittings and heat meters. As a result, disconnecting one apartment from such a network leads to a disruption in the system as a whole. In order to disable one unit, a radical reorganization and restructuring of the entire network is required.
The elements of the building's central heating system are its property, and its composition is determined by the owners, management companies, etc. The issue of the possibility of refusing central heating should be decided at a general meeting of residents if the property was determined to belong to the house. Such a requirement is laid down in the Housing Code of the Russian Federation. In accordance with Art. 36, the disconnection of one apartment from common communications leads to a reduction in the total property of the building. This requires serious reconstruction, so the issue cannot be resolved on an individual basis.
Unauthorized, that is, without obtaining permits, it is impossible to disconnect from the general engineering networks. The dismantling of the heating elements and the disconnection of a separate apartment from the water circuit should be carried out by specialists based on the decision made.
When you do not need permission from other tenants
You do not need to obtain permission from the owners if the elements of the central heating system have not been previously identified as the common property of the building. In this case, the approval of other residents of the house is not required. Of course, even here unauthorized shutdown is not implied. You will need to obtain permission from the competent organizations in this matter.
Any intervention in the central engineering networks requires changes to the technical documentation. Section III of the registration certificate of an apartment building should contain detailed data on heating systems. Any intervention in the system - dismantling of radiators, installation additional equipment- requires mandatory changes to the registration certificate, since the law defines such actions as reorganization.
It is easier to turn off the heating if such a desire is expressed by the residents of the whole house. Then the procedure is carried out by reconstructing the general water circuit of the house. To implement such a project, the consent of the general meeting of homeowners and project documentation that has passed all the necessary approvals will be required.
Package of documents
Housing Code of the Russian Federation
Art. 26 of the Housing Code states that any owner of an apartment in an apartment building has the right to disconnect from the central utilities. To do this, it is necessary to submit a number of documents to the coordinating authorities:
- Statement. You can write it in any form.
- Technical passport of the apartment to be switched off.
- Legal documents for housing.
- Consent of all adults living in the apartment in writing.
- Conclusion on the possibility of re-equipment.
This package of documents is required to be accompanied by a reconstruction project, which must be developed by specialists and also agreed with the relevant authorities.
Project
The conversion project is a serious technical documentation. It is impossible to create such a document on your own. You will need to contact the experts. The basis for the development of a reconstruction project is calculations showing the influence of the elements of the heating system located in the apartment being switched off on the functioning of communications as a whole.
In addition, the following are performed:
- Thermal hydraulic calculations.
- Calculation of residual heating from risers and deck chairs.
If the calculations show the technical possibility of shutdown, the project can be submitted for approval. But if changes made to communications at home can have negative impact to the level of the thermal regime in other apartments, the project, most likely, will not be able to be coordinated.
Difficulties
Heating batteries in the apartment
Legal disconnection of the house from the central heating system at first glance may seem simple, especially if we are talking not about a separate apartment, but about an entrance or an entire building. In practice, however, there are a number of difficulties. The main ones are related to FZ-190 “On heat supply”. In accordance with the provisions of this law, the transition to is prohibited, which often becomes the reason for refusal. However, you can still get permission. The law does not prohibit the installation of individual boilers in apartments, but provides a list of them and requirements for them.
When obtaining a permit for conversion, the type and type of boiler equipment is taken into account in project documentation. As a result, if the project complies with the law, the regulators will generally not deny the conversion. In any case, when starting the procedure for disconnecting from central heating, you should not expect quick results. There are many difficulties in this matter. Since 2011, it has become almost impossible to disconnect one apartment from the central communications.
Technical aspects of the issue
After obtaining the necessary permits, you can proceed to the technical implementation of the project. Dismantling of elements old system heating should only be carried out by specialists. Of course, you can cut the batteries yourself, but it's better not to risk it. After dismantling the old system, all that remains is to mount heating system. In general, the implementation of such a project is no different from the installation of boiler equipment in country houses and cottages.
Despite the fact that such work, as a rule, does not cause difficulties, you should know a few nuances regarding the installation of heating systems in apartments:
- For arrangement, as a rule, wall-mounted boiler equipment is used. Such a boiler is located above the level of the radiators, so to ensure natural circulation coolant in the system is impossible.
- Forced circulation can be provided in two ways - by installing circulation pump or a modern boiler, in the body of which all the necessary elements are already installed. These are pumping equipment, a safety group and an expansion tank. The second way is preferable.
- The type of boiler must comply with the law, i.e. have a closed combustion chamber and automatic safety systems. The coolant temperature should be no more than 95 degrees, and the pressure in the system should be no more than 1 MPa.
- Radiators for autonomous systems are better to choose aluminum. They are not only reliable, but also have good heat dissipation. Good for piping system plastic pipes- Inexpensive and easy to install.
- Wiring is selected based on the characteristics of the apartment. It is easier and cheaper to make one-pipe wiring Leningradka with parallel connection radiators. The optimal type of wiring from the point of view of operation is beam, but it is not always possible to implement it in apartments with low ceilings, since the floor will have to be raised.
Disconnecting batteries from central heating
When disconnecting a separate apartment from the central engineering networks, it is not always possible to completely redo the wiring. In most cases, it is not possible to block the riser, so only radiators can be disconnected from the circuit. This method of shutdown has its own nuances. From sunbeds and risers of the central system, the apartment will still receive heat, and it will have to be paid for. The presence of pipes of a common water circuit in an apartment is always considered residual heating, and according to the law, you must pay for it. This problem does not happen in houses where the risers were originally installed in the entrance. In practice, such a water circuit is not so common.
Radiators can be connected with or without bypass. In the first case, the coolant will circulate through the bypass, which allows you to turn off part of the batteries. Such systems have proven themselves in single-pipe wiring with parallel connection of radiators. After all, reducing the number of the latter leads to an increase in the temperature of the coolant in the system. Connecting batteries without using a bypass is actually a way to plug the circuit. You can apply this method in risers.
Conclusion
As you can see, it is possible to turn off the central heating in an apartment building. Having decided on such a step, you need to be prepared for the fact that the implementation of the project will require a lot of effort. In matters of heat supply, there are a lot of not only technical, but also legal difficulties. It is impossible to ignore them, since unauthorized shutdown will lead to many problems.
[email protected] Here's an excerpt from it:
5. It is prohibited to switch to heating residential premises in multi-apartment buildings using individual apartment sources of thermal energy, the list of which is determined by the rules for connection (technological connection) to heat supply systems approved by the Government of the Russian Federation, if there is a connection (technological connection) made in the proper manner to systems heat supply of apartment buildings, with the exception of cases determined by the heat supply scheme.
44. The list of individual apartment sources of thermal energy that are prohibited from being used for heating residential premises in multi-apartment buildings in the presence of a duly connected connection to heat supply systems, with the exception of cases determined by the heat supply scheme, includes sources of thermal energy running on natural gas that do not meeting the following requirements:
the presence of a closed (hermetic) combustion chamber;
the presence of safety automatics that ensure that the fuel supply is cut off when the supply of electrical energy is interrupted, in the event of a malfunction of the protection circuits, when the burner flame goes out, when the coolant pressure drops below the maximum allowable value, when the maximum allowable temperature of the coolant is reached, as well as in violation of smoke removal;
coolant temperature - up to 95 degrees Celsius;
coolant pressure - up to 1 MPa.
This law cannot be a reason for refusal!
Airat Sharifullin And why did you get the idea that if I turn off the batteries and switch to my boiler, I will begin to voluntarily sit in the cold? Central heating sometimes works out of hand (I have experience in two cities of Bashkiria, now it is also cold in Ufa in a new house).
Yuri
Here everything is chewed on the shelves. It is now clear that it is not possible.
In Russia, you have to be a forced slave. No exit.
After some time, bailiffs will come and take away the apartment for non-payment of debts.
This is real Russian business!
Basil
I have polypropylene parking from them there is no heat at all. And the plan of the project is not necessarily for the refurbishment of heating. Can oil radiator portable will put or a portable stove potbelly stove. He simply refuses, and for the place of the radiators, the pipe connecting the inlet and outlet to the radiator is soldered and that's it. I am not satisfied with your services and prices and all. Right now, in new houses, all apartments have their own individual heating
Sergi Gabriel
I am renovating a new apartment. The central heating pipes are located in the access riser, which are equipped with taps for individual apartments. There is a great desire to pay only for the heat that I really consume. Can I install a heat meter and what is the approval procedure?
Vladimir
So if the entire heating system in an apartment building is common property, well, companies are fooling us if a pipe or radiator breaks or breaks. In no case do they want to take any responsibility for the condition and maintenance of common household equipment, just pay them money, and they don’t worry about the rest. Laws are specially adopted so that the owner is responsible for everything. We do not need such laws and such companies. It is better to install instead of general house heating electric heaters. I wanted to turn it on, I wanted to turn it off, and pay after the fact. They put shackles on our hands, feet and neck. Do not privatize apartments, this is an unbearable yoke.
Engineer
There is another source of additional unaccounted for heating of an apartment disconnected from the central heating, except for parking. This is the heat coming from the neighbors, both from below and from above, as well as from your neighbors on the floor. If you stop heating your apartment, they will get colder and they have the right to demand compensation for their increased heating costs at your expense. So it will not be possible to separate completely unpunished. In fact, the batteries in our apartment compensate only for heat losses through the outer walls and windows, and we get the rest of the heat from the neighbors and the stairwell.
Constantly rising prices for heat energy and poor housing and communal services make many people think about refusing to service housing and communal organizations. The question of how to abandon central heating is most often asked by owners of apartments in apartment buildings. The reason for this is the fact that the quality of heating and the level of comfort in the room do not always meet the expectations of residents, and the cost of services continues to rise.
The transition to decentralized heating provides independence from the work of utilities, allows you to independently regulate the temperature in the apartment and save money. The process of abandoning central heating and creating an autonomous system involves two stages - legal and technical.
Why disconnect from the central system
There are two main reasons for abandoning central heating in an apartment building:
- The ability to independently determine temperature regime. Start and end heating season under a centralized system, it is characterized by clearly defined deadlines. With independent heating, residents can heat the apartment even in summer and reduce the intensity of heat in the autumn-winter period. All this provides the most comfortable living conditions at any time of the year.
Important! The flexible heating system allows you to adjust the temperature according to the actual heat demand. For example, on sunny and warm winter days, you can turn off the heating of some rooms or reduce the heat output to the minimum value. Such a system is also convenient for frequent departures of tenants.
- Reduced utility bills. Individual heating allows you to reduce costs by almost half. With a centralized system, both in an apartment building and in a private house, one has to pay not only for the amount of resources actually consumed, but also for heat losses along the route and transportation of the coolant. In sections of the heating main with damaged thermal insulation, the losses will be maximum, which significantly increases the payment. The price also includes the cost of maintaining highways, risers and elevator nodes, emergency and scheduled repairs, welding and replacement of elements. Thus, the homeowner bears the costs for resources that he did not use.
Individual conversion
The question of whether it is possible to abandon central heating should begin with a study of the regulations governing this procedure. The legislation does not prohibit the owners of apartments and houses from abandoning the central heating system in favor of autonomous equipment. But in practice there is great amount problems hindering this event, especially the individual disconnection of the apartment from the central heating network.
The main problem of the transition to individual system is to change the building's amenities. A centralized network is a complex system that consists of common risers, utilities, fittings and resource metering devices. Disconnection of one room from such a system will lead to a violation of the technical circuit. This will require significant reorganization and rebuilding of the entire network.
All nodes of the centralized system of a residential building are part of its property, determined by the owners of apartments, management company etc. Therefore, the refusal of central heating is an issue that must be resolved at a general meeting of residents if the property has the status of belonging to the house. This moment is considered in Article 36 of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the exit of one apartment from the common communication chain reduces the common property of the house, therefore such issues should not be resolved individually.
Note! Disconnection from centralized utilities is possible only after receiving permits. All installation work, as well as the dismantling of heating units, is carried out by specialists on the basis of a permit.
There is no need to obtain the consent of other residents if the central heating system is not an asset of the house. But the permission of the competent authorities in this case will still be required. Any violation of the integrity of engineering networks requires changes to technical documents. The technical passport of the building must reflect all interventions, including the dismantling of radiators and the installation of additional elements.
To make a decision to turn off an apartment, the coordinating departments require a package of documents:
- application in any form;
- registration certificate of the apartment;
- documents confirming the right to housing;
- written consent of adult residents of the apartment;
- conclusion on the possibility of reorganization (from the department of architecture);
- reorganization project agreed with the competent authorities.
Collective shutdown
It is almost impossible to obtain permission to disconnect from the system individually, since the housing organization in this case actively opposes the wishes of the residents. An owner who switches to autonomous heating stops paying for resources, respectively, the amount of income decreases by wages employees of housing and communal services and repair of networks. In addition, heat will leak through concrete ceilings and walls, and the owner of the apartment will be able to use the resource paid for by neighbors.
Thermal fluctuations contribute to the formation heat flow, destructively affect the state load-bearing structure and leads to peeling of the finish. And although, according to the law, this is not lawful, employees of self-government bodies refuse the owners of apartments to individually turn off the heating.
The only possible option in this case to disconnect from the central network is the refusal of all apartment owners. Such a process involves the reconstruction of the general water circuit of the house, the elevator is either completely disconnected from the heating network, or disconnected from the heating circuit with a plug of the valves with pancakes and sealing of the flanges. The second option is possible if there are hot water tie-ins in the elevator.
To make a decision, a general meeting of residents is held, the result of which is recorded in the minutes. The commission from the local government considers the application for disconnection and the protocol, after which it makes a decision.
Important! A refusal can be obtained only if the transfer to autonomous heating disrupts the heat supply of the house or district, or the heating plants are not able to withstand the increased load. In this case, the commission may offer the owners to upgrade the network at their own expense.
The technical project drawn up by the design organization must be agreed in Gorgaz, Heating systems, energy company, city architecture hotel and housing organization.
How does the shutdown happen?
After receiving all the necessary documentation, the implementation of the technical project begins. The dismantling of the nodes of the old network and the installation of new elements is carried out by professional specialists of licensed organizations. This procedure practically does not differ from the installation of boiler plants in private homes and has the following features:
- To organize a decentralized system in apartments, wall-mounted boilers are most often used, which are located above the radiators. From the point of view of convenience and efficiency, it is advisable to use condensing equipment with a storage water heater;
- Forced circulation of the coolant is provided by the following methods: installation of a circulation pump or boiler modern production, which has a built-in pumping device, expansion tank and safety module (air vent, pressure gauge and safety valve);
- The boiler unit must be equipped with a closed combustion chamber and an automated safety module. Thermal parameters in the coolant should not be more than 95 ° C, and pressure - 1 MPa;
- When choosing a radiator for individual heating, preference should be given to aluminum models, which differ high reliability and provide good heat dissipation;
- For the arrangement of communications, inexpensive and easy-to-install plastic pipes are considered the best option;
- The layout of engineering networks must be done based on the characteristics of the room. The simplest and cheapest option is single-pipe wiring, in which radiators are connected in parallel. Beam wiring is the most optimal solution from a technical point of view, however, it is not suitable for apartments with low ceilings, as it requires an increase in floor level.
When an apartment is disconnected from the central system, a complete redevelopment of the wiring is not always technically justified. In many cases, it is not possible to block the riser, so only radiators can be disconnected from the general circuit. This technology assumes that a small part of the heat energy will be supplied to the premises from centralized risers, respectively, the owner must pay for the consumption of these resources. The central water circuit pipes remain in the apartment, providing residual heating, which is also subject to payment.
Such problems do not arise in those buildings where the risers are located in the entrance, but such a system is extremely rare.
Conclusion
Disconnect from common system heating involves the solution of legal and technical issues. It is impossible not to take into account these nuances, since unauthorized shutdown, inconsistent with the relevant authorities, can lead to serious consequences.
If the owner arbitrarily disconnected the premises from the centralized network without complying with regulatory requirements, he will be obliged to return everything to its place and pay a large fine. Registration and obtaining permits, project development, coordination and implementation involve financial costs. However, all costs pay off after two or three heating seasons.