Electric floor heating. Electric heating in a private house: an overview of the types of systems for a country house

Electric heating in a private house can be used as the main, additional or backup in case of a malfunction of the main system. The advantages of this type of heating are environmental friendliness, convenience, reliability, safety, no need to build smoke exhaust systems. All these advantages are attractive, but there is also a minus - the high cost of energy. However, now that the cost of gas is steadily rising, an increasing number of homeowners are leaning towards electric heating equipment at home.

Electricity consumption for home heating always remains high, but you can save money if you install billing electricity meters and use the opportunities provided by the night tariff. This does not reduce energy consumption, but it significantly affects the cost of energy and reduces the burden on the budget. A rational approach to the arrangement of the heating system, high-quality thermal insulation pay off and are able to provide warmth and comfort in the house.

One of the possible schemes for electric heating of a private house

Types of autonomous electric heating of a private house

This type of heating is considered one of the safest, since it provides for the automation of processes, the premises are heated without the use of open fire, combustible substances, gas. Systems can be equipped with:

• different types of electric boilers connected to water batteries;
• convectors;
• radiators;
• fan heaters;
• infrared devices;
• warm floors of various types.

Each of the systems has its own disadvantages, advantages and makes it possible to reduce energy costs. If necessary, you can always choose the most suitable option for each homeowner. Installation of electric heating at home does not require significant changes in the projects of houses. You can arrange the systems so that they harmoniously fit into the interior, provide control and management of heating. It should be noted that electrical heating devices of all types are perfectly integrated into promising and comfortable smart home systems.

Electric heaters have a stylish design

Electric boilers: convenient and reliable

The main advantage of installing such boilers is the ability to equip the finished building with heating with minimal changes. The boiler can be connected to an existing water heating system and thus significantly save on the design and installation of communications. There are such types of electric boilers:

• heating elements;
• electrode;
• induction.

A variety of options and functions of modern boilers allows you to:

• control and regulate the temperature of the coolant, and with the help of a water heating system with appropriate control devices - in the building as a whole and in each room in particular;
• set the mode of automatic switching on and off, maintaining the temperature level, if there is a programmer for the required period in advance;
• minimize risks for children, ensure safety.

Electric boilers can be installed together with thermal equipment operating on gas or liquid fuel, and connected, if necessary, as backup systems.

To install an electric boiler, no chimney systems are needed, a separate furnace, it is compact and can be installed anywhere

Oil coolers - safety and mobility

Oil coolers long and firmly entered the life of our compatriots. They are usually used as additional heating, but devices may well be used in backup heating systems. Modern oil coolers are distinguished by high efficiency, reliability, durability, and safety. Many models of radiators are equipped with rollers that allow you to move them freely around the house. Devices are installed in residential, non-residential premises, in summer cottages, in shops and offices - they are universal, and yet gradually oil heaters "go out of fashion", giving way to convectors in popularity.

Oil radiators are selected depending on the purpose and area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe premises requiring heating

Convectors - heating without pipes and pumps

Convective devices attract attention due to their low price, compactness, ease of installation, attractive design. Just like for others electrical appliances heating, to connect convectors, it is necessary to provide electrical wiring of the appropriate section. Perfect option- the presence of separate sockets and machines in shields for connecting convectors.

They can be stationary and portable. The first ones are usually mounted on the wall under the window sills so that cold air currents at the windows warm up. The latter are installed in areas where it is necessary to warm the air more strongly at the moment.

Convector design:

• heating element;
• air chamber;
• grilles for air exchange.

The principle of operation of the convector is based on the ability of cold air flows to fall down, and warm air flows to rise. In the case of the device, air intake grilles are installed through which cold air is drawn in. It enters the heating chamber and enters the room already warm. Modern models convectors are equipped with thermostats that turn off appliances when the temperature in the room reaches a predetermined level.

Thanks to the use of the night tariff and the thermoregulation system, it is possible to optimize the amount of bill payments. But since the cost still remains high, it is better not to install convectors as the main heating system, but as an additional one it is very effective.

Approximate scheme of the convector

Unfortunately, convectors have a significant drawback. Their heating elements are too high temperature, spirals are especially hot. House dust that gets on them burns out and acquires harmful and even carcinogenic properties. It is not recommended to install convectors in children's rooms, rooms where there are people with respiratory diseases. It is advisable not to use them at all in residential premises. But if you really use it, it is better to purchase models with aluminum plate heating elements.

Infrared long-wave heaters - solar heat in the house

The operation of infrared heaters is fundamentally different from the operation of any other heaters. Infrared thermal radiation does not heat the air, but building structures and furnishings that transmit soft comfortable warmth and the human body. Main advantages infrared systems:

• compactness;
• the ability to quickly and efficiently heat the desired areas in the room;
• automatic temperature control;
• ease of installation;
• ease of use.

Heaters of this type do not dry out the air, they provide warmth that is comfortable for a person. Long-wave devices not only do not harm, but are also beneficial for the body, have a positive effect on immune system, increase tone. The heat emitted by the heater is close to that which comes from the human body, therefore it is perceived very naturally.

Infrared long-wave heaters are installed on the ceiling, floor and walls. They provide relatively economical electric heating a private house, since the main energy consumption goes to heating the bodies of people and objects. Temperature sensors and controls in every room allow for even more savings through the most efficient use of resources.

Ceiling longwave infrared heaters great for residential, non-residential premises, offices

Electric underfloor heating: heating from the bottom up

Warm floors are popular due to the fact that the most important area, the lower part of the room, is heated. When heated, the air rises and transfers heat to people and objects. Warming up the flooring and air is carried out using an electric cable laid under the tile or laminate. The cable is laid on a flat surface after proper thermal insulation is provided. The advantage of underfloor electric heating of a private house is that the coolant does not freeze in case the system is turned off. The disadvantage is the same - the relative high cost.

How to connect a warm floor - diagram

Electric heating in the house has many undeniable advantages and one of the most important disadvantages is the high cost of energy. It is not advisable to use it as the main one, but the best backup or additional system than electric, hard to find. Heating with electricity is great for cottages and houses located away from the central gas mains.

Video: warm water floors in a private house

On the market today there are a variety of electrical heating systems for the home, ranging from boilers familiar to us for water heating and ending with infrared ceiling and wall appliances.

In this article, we will try to understand the features of the most common systems, as well as analyze their pros and cons.

Electric boilers for heating houses

Design features and principle of operation

The easiest way to use electricity to heat a room is to heat water in. These units are used almost everywhere, and very often they are installed as a replacement for outdated solid fuel stoves or gas heaters.

According to the design of the main elements, electric boilers are divided into three broad categories:

• heating elements- boilers in which a tubular electric heater is responsible for heating the coolant in a large internal tank. In modern devices of this type, batteries from heating elements with a power of 0.5 to 3 kW are installed, so that the total power of the installation can reach 20 kW. The boiler operates in automatic mode, since when the desired temperature is reached, the heating simply stops.
• are more complex and therefore more expensive. In an electrode boiler, water is heated by passing an electric current through it. At the same time, an important factor determining the efficiency of such a heater will be the quality of water, because it must have a certain electrical resistance.

• induction- work on the same principle as hobs, in recent times widely used in our kitchens. Their work is based on the principle of magnetic induction: when an electric current is applied to a magnetic coil with a core, the movement of particles is accelerated, and electrical energy is converted into thermal energy.

Boilers of all three varieties heat the room according to a single principle: first, the mediator-coolant is heated, and then it moves through the pipes to the radiators installed in the house. Such a heating system is quite inefficient, because a significant part of the electricity used to heat water is lost before it reaches its destination.

Advice! To ensure the fastest possible movement of the coolant through the system, and therefore to reduce heat loss, experts recommend installing circulation pump. Despite the fact that the pump also requires electricity, the benefits of using it are obvious.

Disadvantages of Traditional Solutions

So, maybe not look for alternative electric heating systems, but limit ourselves to using traditional boilers - after all, they warm up the house quite quickly, and their price is not very high?

Alas, this system has a number of disadvantages:

• Firstly, in any case, it is necessary to make piping to deliver the coolant to the heated rooms. And this not only spoils the appearance of the rooms, but also leads to heat loss. By the time the water reaches the far room, it will have time to cool down somewhat, so we do not always heat the rooms that we need.
• Secondly, the use of wall-mounted radiators leads to an uneven distribution of heat - hot air rises up the walls, and the floor remains cold for a long time.
• Well, and most importantly, for the operation of such an installation, very high-quality electrical wiring is required, and in many cases the boiler can only be installed in a three-phase network (with a voltage of 380V).

As you can see, such an electric heating system is not perfect, and if possible, why not consider other options?

Convector systems

Using electric convectors for heating

Many of us already have experience in using electric convectors, since this type of device is actively used for additional heating in the cold season. And if you save on heating batteries at work, then, most likely, in every second office (despite the strictest ban, of course!) Such a device will be installed under the table.

Exactly the same devices are used by a convector electric heating system:

• A convector is a device in which a heating element acts as a heating element, which converts electricity into thermal energy. In addition to heating elements, spirals can also be used in convectors.
• The heat from the heating element is transferred to the heater body, and rises from it. Cool air enters the lower part of the system, thus ensuring continuous circulation and even distribution of heat.
• The cases of most models are made of metal or cermet, which ensures the most efficient heat transfer.

Note! It is not necessary to use convectors with removed casings, as this is a violation of fire safety rules.

• The degree of heating is controlled by a temperature sensor: you can set a comfortable temperature, and when it is reached, the convector will simply turn off, saving energy.
• By design, floor convectors are distinguished, which are mounted in special recesses in the plinth area, and wall-mounted. In addition, mobile devices can be used for heating, installing them where heat is most needed.

Calculating the required power of such a heating system is very simple: to maintain a comfortable temperature in the house, even in the coldest season, 1 kW per 10 square meters heated area.

System advantages

Compared with a water heating system based on an electric boiler, electric convectors have the following advantages:

• The size of the devices is very compact, and the cases of most models have an attractive modern design.
• To connect the heaters, a separate multi-core cable is not required, since ordinary wiring is sufficient. Naturally, piping in this case is also not needed.
• Devices are easy to install, connect and dismantle. If you want, then in the warm season you can generally remove all heaters from the room.

Infrared heaters

How it works

As an alternative to converter devices, many experts suggest using infrared heaters. What are the features of this type of devices:

• The basis of the IR heater is a film or tubular element, which, under the influence of an electric current, generates active radiation in the infrared range.
• In this case, the energy emanating from the device is not transferred to the air, as is the case with radiators and convectors, but directly to the objects that are in the room.
• This method of heating minimizes heat loss, because the room itself is heated first, and only then the walls and floor give off heat to the air.
• The efficiency of these devices is in the range of 95-98%, so infrared heating can be considered one of the most economical.

Infrared heating is widely used. The most commonly used ceiling and wall heating panels, as well as IR films. The film can be mounted as under flooring, and on the ceiling, thereby ensuring the comprehensive maintenance of a comfortable microclimate.

What is the benefit of infrared heating

The growing popularity of home heating systems using infrared panels is due to a number of advantages:

• First, as we noted earlier, IR heating is efficient in terms of electricity consumption. High efficiency allows you to actively use heating devices without worrying about huge energy bills.
• Secondly, the use of these devices is completely safe, and besides, they do not worsen the microclimate in the room. The amount of oxygen in the air does not decrease, and its humidity remains at an optimal level.
• A significant advantage of IR panels is their fairly simple do-it-yourself installation. Film infrared heating systems are somewhat more difficult to install than panel ones, but there is also a video instruction for them on our website.

Alternative energy sources

Geo- and hydrothermal heating

Along with the technologies familiar to us, alternative heating electrical systems for the home are increasingly being used today. And one example of this use is geothermal heating.

• Geothermal heating involves the use of a heat pump - a special device that takes heat from the external environment and transfers it to the room.
• The main advantage of using heat pumps is their efficiency: for every kilowatt of energy consumed, the pump can generate up to 5 kW of heat.
• At the same time, the pump works without any emissions, and maintenance is required every few years.

• Geothermal heat pumps use the energy of the earth's crust: placed in wells, the pipelines of these pumps transmit up to 100W from each linear meter.
• Hydrothermal installations, which draw heat from non-freezing reservoirs, are somewhat less efficient. The efficiency of the pipeline laid along the bottom is 39W/linear meter.

Use of solar energy

Speaking about electric heating systems using non-traditional heat sources, one cannot fail to mention solar energy. Today it is possible to implement both 100% solar heating and a hybrid system.

• With solar heating, the main source of heat is water heating collectors or solar panel batteries.
• In the warm season, excess energy can be utilized. They can be spent on heating greenhouses, outdoor lighting, heating water in an outdoor pool, etc.

Note! 100% solar system can only be implemented in southern regions. In central Russia, the use of hybrid options is preferable.

• In a hybrid system, part of the heat comes from solar panels and part from geothermal heat pumps.
• At the same time, the geothermal circuit acts as a heat accumulator, which accumulates energy and releases it as needed.

There are many alternatives to traditional heating methods, and therefore, when planning the reconstruction of a house or apartment, carefully study all the options available on the market. Who knows - maybe in your case best solution there will be an electric heating system, exotic for our latitudes, which will allow you to heat your house without using electricity from the network!

Owners of country houses quite often visit their dacha in the summer, and in winter they visit several times a month. Therefore, many owners do not consider it appropriate to design a stationary gas heating system in a country house and solve the problem low temperatures using electric heating. Unlike traditional types of heating, electric heating country house has a number of significant advantages, including:

A solid list of advantages makes owners think about designing heating a country house using devices powered by electricity, such as electric boilers, electric oil batteries, ceramic heating panels, heat guns, inverter batteries, infrared heaters, fan heaters.

A modern electric boiler for heating a summer house is one of the most common types of heaters. It can provide full heating in a country house that is not connected to the gas supply system. By choosing the right electric boilers for heating the cottage in terms of power, you can use one device to effectively heat the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe house.

Approximately, ten square meters of area should account for one kilowatt of boiler power.

For example, a 6 kW electric boiler is suitable for heating a dacha with an area of ​​​​about 60 square meters. For large country houses exceeding 85-90 square meters, it is advisable to install an electric heating boiler of 9 kW, which will cope with its functions and will not work at peak performance.

Depending on the design features, there are several models of boilers:

Having picked up a certain design, you can order an electric boiler on the official website of the manufacturer. At the moment, the sale of electric boilers is carried out by many domestic and foreign brands. Therefore, before making the final choice of an electric boiler for heating a house outside the city, you should familiarize yourself with the specifics of appliances from different manufacturers.

Electric boiler Proterm

A brand from Slovakia has been supplying Proterm electric heating boilers to domestic markets for a long time. All equipment is distinguished by good build quality, a high degree of automation and safety. By installing an electric Proterm boiler in the country house, the price of which is about $ 400 for a single-circuit model with a capacity of 6 kW, the owner will solve the problem of heating the house in cold winters for a long time.

If the cottage has a bathroom or shower, then it is necessary to buy a double-circuit electric boiler to provide the house with hot water. A Proterm boiler with two circuits is somewhat more expensive, but the high price is justified by the wide functionality and practicality of the device.

Russian-made boiler Evan

In the assortment of the Russian brand Evan for giving, you can pick up an electric double-circuit wall-mounted boiler, the price of which is about $ 800 for a model with a power of 12 kW. Boilers from this brand have a built-in circulation pump, an expansion membrane, a pressure gauge, a remote room thermostat and an on indicator. Thanks to a successful design, the electric heating boiler Evan is in no way inferior to imported counterparts.

To ensure the safety of the boiler, manufacturers have equipped it with a number of functions:

Electric boiler from the Rusnit brand

The affordable electric boiler Rusnit is also produced in the Russian Federation. By purchasing a 9 kW electric boiler in the brand line, the owner will be able to provide efficient heating in a country house, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bwhich is approximately 90 squares with a ceiling height of up to three meters. This boiler is characterized by easy installation, compact outer casing and easy adjustment of operation settings.

The boilers from the Rusnit brand are characterized by the following specifics:

• protection against overheating is provided;
• has a remote room thermostat;
• the power indicator function is programmed.

Electric boiler for a summer residence - the final choice

Having decided on the brand, the consumer will have to solve another dilemma, namely, to answer the question: install an electric heating boiler 380v in the country house or give preference to a model that works with a mains voltage of 220V? It should be understood that the first option requires good wiring that can handle high loads. Therefore, it is better for owners of old country houses with poor wiring to use an electric heating boiler 380v for heating, the price of which is about $ 500 for a 6 W model, it is better to refuse.

Summing up the consideration of the option of heating a summer house with the help of electric boilers, a number of nuances can be distinguished.

Device benefits include:

The disadvantages of devices should also be taken seriously:

• high electricity consumption;
• a solid investment in the purchase of a quality boiler from a reliable manufacturer.

oil batteries

Electric oil batteries in appearance resemble the usual water radiators, however, the heating of the coolant, in this case, the oil located in the metal case of the device, is carried out through the use of electrical energy. Various Models oil heaters are able to qualitatively warm the air in a room ranging from 10 to 25 square meters. Often they are mounted on the floor and equipped with a number of auxiliary options, such as a work timer and a thermostat.

Features of oil heaters:

Electric convector

This device is devoid of a number of disadvantages attributed to oil analogues, so at home in the country with the use of a convector it can be a reasonable choice. The convector uses a high-resistance metal coil to heat the air, hidden under an attractive compact body. When heating the lower layers of air, the natural principle of convection of air masses is included in the work and uniform heating of the entire country house is achieved.

Convector specifics:

Ceramic heating panels

More recently, electric heating systems country house began to supplement with ceramic panels. These devices have demonstrated excellent consumer performance. They have an aesthetic design, neat housing and easy installation. However, the main advantages of ceramic heating panels lie not at all in the competent design of the case, but in the features of operation. These devices are in many ways superior to convectors and oil heaters.

They can demonstrate the following capabilities:

The only nuance that should be studied by the owners country houses before making a purchase decision ceramic panel is the cost of the appliances. At the moment, the price of panels on the market is quite high, and given that several devices are required for full-fledged heating of the dacha, their purchase will result in a round sum.

Heat guns

In the country, you can use electric heating guns that will help maintain a given temperature regime. These devices are environmentally friendly - during operation they do not create harmful emissions and do not pollute the atmosphere. Depending on the design features, the device can use a coil or a heating element for heating and operate from both a two-phase and a three-phase network.

When choosing an electric gun for giving, you should give preference to a model equipped with a thermostat.

Such a gun will cost a little more than similar models without a thermostat, but will provide a number of functional advantages:

inverter heatsink

Inverter heating batteries have proven themselves well - they are not afraid of power outages and have greater autonomy, unlike all the devices listed above. These devices have the ability to accumulate electrical energy and consume it in cases of emergency power outage. Such devices are very beneficial to use in regions that have problems with the quality supply of electricity.

Advantages of inverter batteries used for heating country houses:

Disadvantages of devices:

• high price;
• the need to comply with certain installation rules recommended by the manufacturer.

Infrared heaters

Owners of dachas who prioritize the creation of economical electric heating will come to the aid of infrared heaters - unique devices that demonstrate impressive energy efficiency. For a long time, this type of device caused skepticism among the inhabitants, and many did not believe in the advertised efficiency and profitability of infrared devices. However, over time, the owners were able to personally check the consumer qualities of devices of this type and highlight a number of advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages:

Flaws:

• high price;
• the presence of a characteristic sound during operation of the device.

fan heaters

If a country house has a small area, then an inexpensive fan heater can handle its heating. Among the heating equipment listed in the review, this device has the most compact body and affordable price. However, the use of the device carries a number of features. It should be understood that the device dries out the air and does not contribute to the creation of a healthy microclimate, it requires constant monitoring, since it is a fire hazard and works with a characteristic monotonous sound.

Each country house has its own distinctive features, so the choice of the type of electric heating should be made on an individual basis. The owner of the house can get acquainted with the common types of electric heaters and buy the best device that will become the basis of the heating system of the country house.

The importance and necessity of heating is well known. In cases where it is impossible to connect to the central heating system, various autonomous systems including electric heating. This type of heating is especially relevant in living conditions in a private house, including outside settlements.

Electricity and heating

Electric heater

Electricity is one of the best achievements of technological progress. Its transmission through electric networks occurs at any distance and with minimal losses, and its use at the place of consumption is environmentally friendly.

Modern electric heating systems and devices are simple, economical, safe to operate, and also characterized by compactness and compatibility with automatic indoor climate control systems.

Necessary and sufficient condition The arrangement and application of heating using electrical energy is the availability of a source of this type of energy and reliable power supply networks that can withstand the load of the relevant devices.

Installation of new and reconstruction of existing electrical networks in individual houses requires much lower costs than new or repair and reconstruction of existing water heating systems connected to boilers that burn solid or liquid fuels. A comparison of water and electric heating shows that the cost of installing water from scratch is at least three times more expensive. The operating costs, fuel costs, and low efficiency of traditional liquid heating make electric home heating even more preferable.

Planning and design

Before choosing a heating system built on the principles of using electric current, you should find out the total required power consumption for the future system. This power is determined from the following factors:

• House area.
• Seasonality of home heating.

Based on the power required for heating, it is necessary to make sure that the transformer substation from which the house is powered has sufficient power. If the power of the substation is less than necessary, then it will be necessary to take the necessary measures to change the connection station or increase the power of the existing substation. If it is impossible to implement these measures, in order to obtain the required power, in order to avoid emergency situations, it will have to be completely abandoned, or it will have to be used as auxiliary or main heating with the main or additional, respectively, heating of another type.

flat heater

The choice is different depending on whether the house is used for living. all year round or as a summer residence for the period from spring to autumn. But the most important thing for a house is thermal insulation, because. any perfect, powerful system will not warm if the thermal insulation is in a deplorable state. In addition, significant heat losses will lead to high energy costs.

From the point of view of safety for consumers, heating with electricity is the best among other types. But when planning it, one should take into account the condition and power of the house's electrical wiring, and in the case of a large heated area and, as a result, a large total power consumption of heating appliances, a three-phase power supply may be required.

In a house under construction, heating with electricity is provided in the main design of the building in order to avoid repairs or reconstructions of the building itself during the installation of electric heating equipment. And installation and carrying out related work will require the involvement of qualified specialists.

Advantages

In general, it has a number of advantages, including:

• High efficiency.
• Convenience, ease of use of the system.
• Efficient management, regulation of heat transfer.
• Relatively small dimensions of heating devices that are unpretentious or do not need maintenance.
• Electric heating is highly hygienic and environmentally friendly in operation.
• Quiet heating system.
• Combined heat supply, with the use of electrical heating devices, is versatile and reduces costs.

Types of electrical systems

Water heating using an electric boiler for heating the coolant

The most famous and widespread is water heating using an electric boiler for heating the coolant. In this case, boilers are used as the main source of heating or as an additional device used in conjunction with the operation of other systems: gas, solid fuel, diesel.

Electrical heating boilers able to heat relatively large areas, easy to use, high performance. But systems with their use are characterized by a number of disadvantages of traditional water heating, due to the need to deliver the coolant directly to thermal devices.

Direct-acting electric heating systems are the most promising type for Russia and the most popular type in Europe. In such systems, space heating occurs without the use of a coolant - the energy of electricity, being converted into heat, is transmitted and heats the room without intermediaries. According to the type of heat transfer, heating electrical appliances of such systems are divided into convection, radiant, combined. Depending on the method of transferring thermal energy, storage and directly converting electricity into heat are emitted.

Convection

In convection air, by forced or natural flow around the heating element, while heating up, rises, transferring heat to the room. Convectors can be additionally equipped with storage devices made of materials that retain thermal energy for a long time. Such materials are found in rocks of volcanic origin: talc chloride, steatite, gabbro-diabase.

During operation of the convection appliance, the battery accumulates thermal energy, and when the appliance is turned off and does not consume electricity, it gradually releases heat. The convector is controlled by electromechanical or electronic thermostats and temperature limiters.

Radiating

Efficient heating of rooms with high ceilings

They work on the principle of radiation electrical panels that transfer heat infrared radiation- similar to the transfer of energy by the Sun. They heat the surrounding space without air circulation, evenly distributing heat in the room by radiation. These devices heat the objects themselves, not the air.

Such panel-type electric radiators can be installed in any convenient place - even on the ceiling. Control of devices, maintenance of the set temperature in the room is carried out by means of a temperature limiter, a power regulator, an automatic thermostat.

Combined

Until recently, combined heaters are oil-filled electric radiators that heat by radiation from the heated surface of the housing and convection. It is controlled in the same way as a convector, but for most devices, the adjustment is carried out by not very accurate electromechanical thermostats, as a result of this, energy losses reach 15-17%, compared with convectors.

Combined devices of the new generation are made of a homogeneous heat-transfer material (from aluminum to glass-ceramic), heated by a heating element located inside the case or another insulated electric heating element. Modern automatic control elements make these devices as efficient and economical as possible.

System

The electrical system for autonomous heating of the house, using selected electric heaters with their own control devices, centrally controls each of them separately and allows, in the case of using infrared heaters, to save up to 65% of electricity. At the same time, infrared heaters for floor and ceiling versions, as well as wall systems, are installed for full-fledged heating. Often used combined floor appliances.

The advantage of electric heaters (radiators, thermal curtains, convectors, fan heaters) is the ease of installation and operation. All you need to do is calculate the power for a room or the whole house, purchase, and then place the heaters in the places chosen for them. The arrangement of electric heating systems does not require significant efforts, as in the case of the installation of water heating systems. As a rule, consumers mount the devices themselves, and in extreme cases, they involve an ordinary electrician in the work.

When it is necessary to equip a large house or cottage village, using additional centralized control and management devices, then they invite a specialist who selects the optimal heating scheme.

A double-circuit boiler is a very convenient device.

Gas heating is by far one of the best. Natural gas is an economical, efficient, safe, environmentally friendly fuel.

Gas and electric heating are close in their efficiency, safety and a number of other advantages. But a closer look reveals its specific shortcomings.

Comparison with electric boilers reveals the following. Electric boilers are more expensive than gas boilers, but in some cases their performance is higher, management is more convenient and easier, and their use is safer. The electric boiler only needs to be connected to the power supply, and gas counterparts additionally need to purchase a mounted burner, regular cleaning from burning and soot. Electric boilers are easy to install, which is another advantage.

Gas heating requires permission for its installation, preparation of a place for its installation, wiring of the system for it, connection and installation of all necessary equipment, which in total is quite expensive. But the monthly payment for heating will be lower than for electricity, although it also depends on the efficiency of the purchased gas system. And for the rest, the gas system has inherent disadvantages of the water system within the intra-house space, as a system that uses a coolant.

When comparing gas heating with heating with direct electric heaters, the advantages of electric heating are the absence of a permit for installation, much lower capital investment, ease of installation and maintenance. The disadvantage is a more expensive source of energy - electric.

Conclusion

The use of new technologies and materials for the production of electric heaters has made electric heating one of the better ways heating for all relevant parameters. This type of heating is second only to gas - at the cost of the heating itself, because. Electricity is an expensive form of energy. But the cost of initial capital and regular annual investments at gas heating, according to some comparative calculations today, will pay off, due to the low cost of gas, only after many decades. It is necessary to choose the type of heating for heating the house after taking into account all the specific operating conditions and possibilities.

The choice of a heating system is a key issue, the solution of which determines the comfort of living and the safety of the owner's financial resources. Considering various options, you should pay attention to electric heating in a private house. Modern systems powered by electricity are very diverse and not all of them consume excessively large amounts of energy. Let's take a closer look at each of them.

Therefore, their advantages are somehow not taken into account.

Electric heating systems are among the most environmentally friendly. They do not emit any emissions into the atmosphere

This is fundamentally wrong, because electrical systems have many significant advantages that distinguish them from other types of heating:

• Safety. The equipment does not work with open flames and explosive substances, like other heating appliances. Good quality wiring reliable protection from possible fire.
• Easy to manage and maintain. Automatic systems regulate the operation of the equipment, which requires minimal human intervention. There are no items that require regular replacement or cleaning.
• Complete environmental safety. During operation, the system does not emit toxic substances, so it can be mounted in any premises.
• No need to store fuel. Therefore, a special room for storing combustible materials is not required.
• Compactness. Most of equipment is small. The diverse design of the devices makes it easy to choose a model for any interior style.
• low cost. Compared to other types of heating devices, the price of such equipment is much lower.

Of the significant shortcomings of electrical systems, in addition to the rather high cost of electricity, in fairness it should be noted the complete energy dependence of the equipment. This means that in the event of a power outage, all appliances will stop working, which will be especially noticeable in areas with frequent power outages. In addition, for the smooth operation of the equipment, you will need a powerful electrical network, which is far from being available everywhere.

For the arrangement of water heating with an electric boiler, only closed system with membrane expansion tank which regulates the pressure in the system

Water heating with electric boiler

It is a standard system with a heat transfer fluid circulating through heating circuit. Its main difference lies in the fact that the heat carrier is heated only through the use of an electric boiler. Because of this, such a system will have some features. First of all, it can only be of a closed type and must be equipped with a membrane expansion tank.

Otherwise, it will not be possible to avoid uneven heating of the premises, losses in the speed and power of heat exchange, which will lead to excessive consumption of electricity and, accordingly, unjustified costs. For the same reasons, it is not recommended to install a system with natural circulation. The best option is forced circulation of the coolant, which will make it possible to save energy as much as possible.

Three types of electric boilers can be used to work with such a heating system. Let's analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each of them.

Boilers with heaters type TEN

In each of these devices, heating elements are installed. These are heating elements that work on the principle of resistive heating of a conductor through which an electric current passes. Due to the fact that they have to work in liquid, the devices are additionally protected in the form of a waterproof case and reliable insulation. Therefore, the power of the heating elements is somewhat reduced.

The figure shows the design of an electric boiler with a heating element heater

As a result, the efficiency of each such heater is no more than 80. Therefore, in order for boilers of this type to heat the coolant to the desired temperature, it is necessary either to increase the number of heating elements or to install larger heaters. In any case, energy losses are inevitable, which negatively affects the efficiency of devices of this type. Most often, manufacturers install 3-4 heating elements in one boiler.

Provided different modes device operation. Depending on this, all heating elements, only one of them or groups of elements can be included in the work. The power of electric boilers of a heating element type varies from 3 to 50 kW. The most powerful models are designed to be connected to a three-phase network, less powerful ones can work from a single-phase one.

The arrangement of heating elements in the device may be different, which affects their appearance. They can be made in the form of cylinders with heating elements "hidden" inside and a control unit placed in a separate housing, or they can have the usual rectangular shape with controls displayed on the housing. The cost of boilers of this type is very low, due to their inefficiency.

During operation, the surface of the heating element is covered with scale and salt deposits, so it has to be changed regularly

TEN devices also have disadvantages. First of all, this is a short "life" of the heating element. During the operation of the device, it becomes covered with salt deposits and fails. Therefore, a regular change of heating elements is necessary for such a device. Another "minus" is that when starting equipment with a small amount of coolant or in its absence, the heaters fail.

Boilers with an electrode principle of operation

The principle of operation of the device is fundamentally different from the heating elements models. To obtain heat, frequency oscillations in the variable network are used, which, in turn, cause oscillations of the ions in the electrolyte, which leads to its rapid heating. The boiler itself is a housing with two electrodes immersed in a coolant, the role of which is played by a conductive liquid or electrolyte.

Most often, antifreeze of one brand or another is used for this purpose. Electrode devices favorably differ in compactness and light weight, while their heating power is high. Such boilers can be installed in groups, starting one or more devices at once as needed. Another advantage of the electrode equipment is its almost complete insensitivity to voltage drops in the network.

Electrode boilers very compact, which distinguishes them from analogues of heating elements

The safe range for them is 15-20%, which is quite a lot. However, AC frequency stability is very important for devices. Electrode boilers are completely fireproof, since such a device cannot overheat, and in the absence of a coolant, it simply will not turn on. The device heats up very quickly. In terms of efficiency, it is 20% superior to the heating element analogue, that is, its efficiency is about 98%.

At the same time, its performance can be increased. This is achieved by tying the device metal pipes. Thus, the ionization zone of the coolant expands significantly, which gives the effect of increasing productivity. The cost of electrode boilers is low. Therefore, when such equipment first appeared, it was considered almost an ideal heating device.

However, in the process of operation, shortcomings were also revealed. First of all, this is not a stable power of the device. It depends very much on the chemical composition of the conductive liquid and its temperature, since even with small deviations the electrical conductivity of the solution changes, which leads to changes in the heating intensity. In addition, the electrode system is very difficult to automatically control and adjust.

Electrode boilers can be installed in groups, which makes their operation much more convenient.

For boilers of this type, the composition of the purity of the coolant is extremely important. In case of non-compliance with the proportions of the solution or its contamination, all the advantages of such a system disappear. Therefore, at least once a year, it is required to carry out a correction of the chemical composition of the electrolyte. With the same frequency, it will be necessary to clean the heat exchanger and the entire heating system from salt deposits, which will accumulate quickly enough.

A prerequisite for connecting an electric heating system for an electrode-type house is the presence of a ground loop. Thus, despite the fact that such heaters are more economical than their heating element counterparts, they are not in great demand. A fairly large number of shortcomings make their use for heating a private house not very convenient.

Heating boilers of induction type

These are the most advanced representatives of electric heating systems. These devices are based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. Everything happens as follows. An electric current is passed through the primary winding located in the core of the device. It induces voltage in the secondary winding, located closer to the body of the device. It is a labyrinth system of pipes through which the coolant passes.

The figure schematically shows an induction boiler and its principle of operation.

When the secondary circuit is closed, resistive heating of the conductor occurs, and, accordingly, the coolant. There is no energy loss in this case, so the efficiency of such a system is almost 100%. The liquid heats up very quickly and evenly. Induction boilers are very economical. This figure increases even more due to the self-induction of the system, which is associated with additional reactive power.

It is produced by currents passing through the secondary closed circuit. In this case, the values ​​of the resulting additional power are quite large. A kind of inductive boiler operates somewhat differently - a vortex induction heater or VIN. A voltage is supplied to its primary winding, which is previously converted into high-frequency. Thus, the strength of the electromagnetic field increases dramatically.

What gives the same rapid increase in the strength of the current that is generated by this field. The peculiarity of the VIN boiler is that it does not have a secondary winding. Instead, all metal surfaces of the equipment are used.

They are specially made from materials with pronounced ferromagnetic properties. The appearance of eddy currents leads to magnetization reversal, which causes strong and almost instantaneous heating of ferromagnetic alloys.

Induction boilers are compact, but at the same time have a significant weight

Consequently, almost all massive elements of the body are involved in the heat exchange process, which makes it possible to obtain a very high efficiency, approaching 100%. Induction boilers of both varieties are distinguished by significant weight and relatively small dimensions. They can be installed one at a time or in groups, the latter giving significant advantages in organizing the heating of a building.

The advantages of induction boilers include fast, almost instant heating. The equipment is easy to adjust, so it is equipped with automatic control units that provide precise settings. In terms of electrical and fire safety, these devices are the most successful when compared with analogues of other types.

The high efficiency of induction devices does not decrease even after long-term operation. This is due to the fact that salt deposits or scale do not accumulate inside the device. They are removed by high-frequency microvibrations that accompany the operation of the equipment. For the same reason, special requirements for chemical composition there is no coolant. Boilers are insensitive to it.

The use of induction boilers saves about 40% of electricity compared to the use of other types of electric boilers

Another advantage is the long service life of induction boilers. Without exaggeration, it can be calculated in tens of years. This is due to the fact that the equipment with simply does not have vulnerable nodes. Contact of the electrical part of the device with the coolant is completely absent. Problems can only arise with welds, which usually last a very long time. The main advantage of this type of equipment is cost-effectiveness.

Practice shows that it allows you to save up to 40% of electricity compared to its heating elements and electrode counterparts. Among the shortcomings, it is worth noting the small vibration noise that the boilers emit during operation. Massiveness, which requires attention during installation, especially if the device is mounted on the wall. Another disadvantage is the rather high cost of induction devices.

Infrared heating equipment

To heat your country house with electricity, you can use modern systems infrared heating. For their operation, the principle of wave energy transfer over a certain distance is applied. Everything happens as follows. The emitter converts electrical energy into an infrared wave and transmits it. The waves move until they hit any opaque surface.

The temperature distribution when using infrared heating is much more comfortable for a person than when using traditional heating methods.

Here they are converted into thermal energy, heating the body that they met on their way. An object heated in this way, whether it is large furniture, a floor or a wall, begins to give off heat to the atmosphere, thereby heating the air in the room. Thus, the most uniform heating of the room occurs, and the temperatures are distributed in the most comfortable way for a person.

At the same time, there is practically no energy loss, which leads to a high efficiency of infrared heaters. They are available in various versions. Especially popular is a special film with carbon emitters sealed inside it. It is used for arranging a system of underfloor heating, can be used on the ceiling and on the walls. The film is closed with any finishing material, which does not affect its properties.

The thickness of the infrared film is small, it is invisible under any coating. The system is moisture resistant, it is not afraid of dynamic loads. To be dismantled and reused. On sale you can find infrared heaters in the form of plates of various sizes. They are also designed to be mounted on walls or ceilings. However, in this case, it is more about additional heating than about the main.

The infrared film can be covered with any finishing material. It does not affect its properties in any way.

In terms of efficiency, infrared equipment surpasses all known electric heating systems. This is due to the fact that he manages to heat the room very quickly, after which the automatic control unit periodically turns on / off the device, maintaining the desired temperature. The disadvantages of infrared systems include a strict directionality of heating.

The device heats only the area in front of it. Therefore, for example, infrared film is laid around the entire perimeter of the floor or ceiling. Another disadvantage is the rather high cost of such equipment, especially if you need to purchase material for arranging a warm floor or a PLEN system for the ceiling. However, it must be admitted that such investments of funds quickly pay off.

Modern infrared heaters can be made in the form of a decorative panel

Heating electric convectors

The operation of these devices is similar to the operation of heating radiators. They also heat up and transfer heat to the air around them. The difference lies in the fact that there is no coolant in the convectors. Therefore, inlet/outlet pipe systems are not needed. Instead, heating elements are located inside the device, which heat its surface. The lower part of the device is intended for cold air intake.

It penetrates inside the convector through a special mesh. Heating up from the heating element, the air rises higher and exits through the upper grate. In progress heater a steady upward flow of warm air is created, quickly heating the room. To control the heating temperature, the equipment is equipped with a thermostat, an automatic control unit can be installed.

Manufacturers produce a wide the lineup devices of various capacities and designs. For rooms with high humidity, you can purchase devices with special protection. Convectors are extremely easy to use and safe. The heating element of the device is located inside its case, while the outer panel heats up very little, so it is impossible to get burned on it.

The figure schematically shows the principle of operation electric convector: cold air masses are drawn in by the device from below and, after processing, are brought out at the top

Heating appliances are silent, so they do not create any inconvenience. Various variations of convectors are produced, among which there are mobile portable models. There are devices designed for floor mounting. They are installed under windows, in front of doors and in other similar places where the devices create an effective thermal curtain that prevents cold from entering the room.

The negative characteristics of convectors include their low power. Therefore, to heat the building, a sufficiently large number of them will be required, which is a serious load on the wiring. In addition, the efficiency of such devices is low. They consume quite a lot of electricity.

A kind of electric convector, which is built directly into the floor

Electrical systems "warm floor"

Their principle of operation is to use resistive conductors that heat up when an electric current passes through them. The device is a heating cable, which can be two-core or single-core, which determines the way it is laid. There are varieties equipped with a semiconductor matrix. These are so-called self-regulating cables that can control heating.

For the arrangement of a warm floor, a heating cable can be taken, which fits directly into the screed. There is no other mounting option for it. In this case cement strainer becomes a kind of heat accumulator. A more convenient option for laying is electric mats. They are the same heating cable, which is attached to a fiberglass mesh.

The advantage of mats is the possibility of laying not only in a screed. In some cases, for example, under ceramic tiles, such a system can be laid directly in the glue, the layer of which will need to be slightly increased. The main disadvantage of both variants of the cable floor can be considered that if one of the sections of the system is damaged, the part of the structure located behind it fails.

During installation, the heating cable is laid so that its sections do not touch

Rod heating mats, which are pairs of conductors connected by parallel rods, are deprived of this disadvantage. The system operates on the principle of self-regulation of the degree of heating. Warm floors of any type are equipped with a thermostat that controls the heating of the device to a certain temperature, after which the equipment turns off.

Periodic automatic switching on of the system is carried out only in order to maintain the set temperature. This mode of operation allows you to save electricity, but such heating is still quite energy-intensive. Therefore, it is more often used as an additional heating system and for arranging especially comfortable warm zones in rooms. This can be, for example, areas for children's games or the floor in the bathroom.

Rod systems continue to work even if one of the elements fails

Video materials illustrating the topic of the article

Video review will tell you which of the electric boilers to choose for your home:

Consider the features of various types of electric underfloor heating:

How infrared heating works:

oil coolers, electric heaters and similar equipment can be classified as "yesterday". It is almost impossible to organize full-fledged heating with their help. In addition, they are very uneconomical, so electricity bills will be just cosmic. The electric heating systems discussed above are efficient and can be used for private homes. It is only important to insulate the building well, otherwise you will have to pay too much for electricity.