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Stakhanov Aleksey Grigoryevich - miner, innovator of the coal mining industry, assistant chief engineer of the mine administration No. 2 - 43 of the Torezanthracite plant of the Ministry of Coal Industry of the Ukrainian SSR. The Stakhanov movement was named after him, the purpose of which was to fight for an increase in the rate of production of each worker, primarily in enterprises of the heavy and extractive industries.
Born on January 3, 1906 (December 21, 1905 according to the old style) in the village of Lugovaya, Oryol Region, into a peasant family. Russian. Member of the CPSU (b) / CPSU since 1936. He studied at a rural school, which he did not finish. In 1914-1926. laborer, was a shepherd. In 1927, he went to work at the Tsentralnaya-Irmino mine in Kadievka, Luhansk region (Donbass), as a horse-drawn horse driver. Then he worked as a fastener, and since 1933 - as a slaughterer.
Mine "Central-Irmino" belonged to the number of medium-sized, ordinary coal enterprises. For a long time she was in a breakthrough. The mine has undergone technical reconstruction. The butt was replaced by jackhammers, horses were replaced by electric locomotives. Already in 1935, there were 95 jackhammers, 4 compressors, 4 electric locomotives and many other technical equipment in its faces. More than 2,000 miners worked at the mine at that time.
For a number of reasons, in the second quarter of 1935, the mine somewhat worsened its work, as a result of which the plan for the first half of the year remained unfulfilled. A simple replacement of the butts with jackhammers did not make significant changes. As before, after working for 1-2 hours, the slaughterer put the hammer aside and took up the ax to reinforce the faces. The equipment was idle at that time, while the miner was engaged in lining. The air compressor was idle, the flow of coal from the lava was suspended.
The miners were looking for new ways to reverse the backlog. The managers of the mine, consulting with the miners, visited their apartments, dormitories, and talked about ways to improve the operation of the mine. Each proposal was studied and accepted for execution. The needs of the families of miners were identified, and then the management helped to satisfy them. The miners decided to hold a public competition for the best slaughterer.
The International Youth Day (Knowledge Day) was approaching, which the whole country then celebrated annually on September 1. It was decided to mark this day with a production record for one of the miners. The choice fell on the miner Alexei Stakhanov from the Nikanor-Vostok section of horizon 450.
On August 30, 1935, at 10 pm, Stakhanov, the head of the section, Mashurov, the party organizer of the mine, and the editor of the mine newspaper, Mikhailov, went down into the mine. Start time countdown included. Stakhanov confidently bit into the cleft of the coal seam with the lance of his jackhammer. He cut with exceptional energy and skill. Shchigolev and Borisenko, who were behind him, were far behind. And, despite the fact that Stakhanov had to cut through 8 ledges, cutting a corner in each, which took a lot of time, the work was completed in 5 hours and 45 minutes. When the result was calculated, everyone gasped: Stakhanov chopped 102 tons, completing 14 norms and earning 220 rubles.
Thus, for the first time in the world, 102 tons of coal were mined per shift. The news of Stakhanov's success spread throughout the country. The Pravda newspaper called the record of A.G. Stakhanov the banner of the people's movement. Thus was born the mighty Stakhanovite movement. At that time, Alexei Grigorievich faced a difficult task - to consolidate success, to prove once again that 102 tons of coal per shift was not an accidental success, but a natural result of a new organization of labor, shock work.
And Stakhanov again convincingly proved this. After 10 days, he gave 175 tons of coal per shift. A decade later, this figure was blocked by 52 tons, and on March 4, 1936, Stakhanov produced 324 tons per shift. The popularity of the new initiative gained nationwide appreciation and widespread distribution in all industries and other activities.
On October 20, 1935, a meeting of the Stakhanovites of the capital took place in Moscow. Five days later, a city-wide rally of the city's Stakhanovites opened at the Uritsky Palace of Culture in Leningrad. On November 14, 1935, the first All-Union Conference of the Stakhanovists of industry and transport was held in Moscow, and on January 22, 1936, the first meeting of the Stakhanovites of Kuzbass was held. In 1935, Stakhanov visited the Pnevmatika plant in Leningrad.
Before Stakhanov's record, the maximum salary of a slaughterer was 500 rubles. per month, and in 1936 reached 1600 rubles. The wages of fasteners, konogonov, workers of other specialties increased sharply. The supply of miners with food and industrial goods has improved markedly.
Stakhanov's working pedagogy began from the first days of work in the mine. He learned the principles, methods and system of influence of the miners' team on the formation of a personality, a working man. He was a working educator both for himself and for others. He created Stakhanov schools (author's schools) at the mine, in which about 300 people were trained, 160 of them were miners of leading professions, in particular, cutters.
These schools taught special disciplines of mining, mathematics, Russian language, history, physics, geography. Attendance was excellent, academic performance - too. Subsequently, these schools increased significantly and functioned for many decades. For some time, Alexey Stakhanov worked as a production instructor of advanced methods at the mine. Persistently continued to teach miners at his school. He always wanted to study and free time I read a lot and made notes in my diary.
In 1937, Stakhanov was admitted to the Industrial Academy, from which he graduated in 1941 with a degree in mining engineering. The war required the strengthening of the coal front. In 1941-1942 he worked as the head of a mine in the city of Karaganda of the Kazakh SSR (now the Republic of Kazakhstan). Since 1943 - the head of the sector for generalizing the experience of innovators and leaders in production at the Ministry of the Coal Industry of the USSR. Often performed in front of the audience Industrial Academy.
In 1957 he returned to the Donbass. He worked as a deputy manager of the Chistyakovoanthracite trust in the city of Chistyakov (now the city of Torez). In 1959-1974, he was an assistant to the chief engineer of the mine administration No. 2-43 of the Torezanthracite plant.
Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 23, 1970 for great achievements in the development of mass socialist competition, for achieving high labor productivity and many years of activity in introducing advanced methods of work in the coal industry Stakhanov Alexei Grigorievich was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal.
In 1974, A.G. Stakhanov went on a well-deserved rest. Died November 5, 1977. He was buried at the city cemetery in the city of Torez, Donetsk region.
He was awarded 2 Orders of Lenin (12/8/1935, 09/23/1970), the Order of the Red Banner of Labor (08/29/1953), medals, including "For Labor Valor" (09/04/1948).
On February 15, 1978, the city of Kadievka was renamed the city of Stakhanov in order to perpetuate the memory of the outstanding production innovator Alexei Grigoryevich Stakhanov. In the same city, it was decided to build a monument to Stakhanov. The name of Stakhanov was given to two mines in the Donbass and Kuzbass, mining school No. 110 in the city of Torez, where A.G. Stakhanov. Established 26 scholarships to them. A.G. Stakhanov for the best students of vocational schools of the republic. In the city of Irmino, a memorial sign was erected over the place where A.G. Stakhanov set his record, and in 2010 a monument to the creators of the Stakhanov movement was opened.
The writing:
Story about my life. M., 1938;
Let's revive our native Donbass. M., 1944.
Stakhanov city of heroes, Stakhanov city under
Stakhanov- a city of regional significance in the Lugansk region of Ukraine. De facto, it is under the control of the unrecognized Luhansk People's Republic. Until 1937 and in 1943-1978 it was called Kadievka, in 1937-1943 it was called Sergo, since 1978 it has been named after A. G. Stakhanov. Population - 92,132 (2012).
- 1 Geography
- 2 History
- 3 Population
- 4 Industry
- 5 Culture
- 6 media
- 7 Transport
- 8 Notable people
- 8.1 Heroes of Socialist Labor
- 8.2 Others
- 9 Notes
- 10 Literature
- 11 Links
Geography
Located near the railway station Diamond.
Story
The first temporary settlement of people on the territory where Stakhanov is now located appeared in 1696. The settlement was called the Stone Ravine. In 1707 the city received a new name - the Gritsenkov Channel. In the first quarter of the 19th century, coal deposits were first found on the lands of modern Stakhanov. And already in 1890, 5 joint-stock companies for coal mining operated on this territory: Almaznoye, Bryankovskoye, Krivorozhskoye, Alekseevskoye, Golubovskoye.
In 1894, the sugar factory Shubin laid the capital mine No. 1 "Karl" (mine named after Ilyich). In the autumn of 1896, mine No. 1 produced poods of coal. Since 1898, Shubinka has been called Kadievka. In the same year, the Almaznyansky Metallurgical Plant was laid near the Almaznaya station, the first blast furnace of which was put into operation in 1899.
In 1931, the session of the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee decided to build a new well-organized city. The pond in the center was filled up, and in its place a square was laid out, which existed until the early 1970s.
On the night of August 30-31, 1935, at the Central Irmino mine, Alexei Stakhanov set a world record for labor productivity on a jackhammer, chopping 102 tons of coal in 5 hours and 45 minutes, exceeding the norm by 14 times. This is how the Stakhanovite movement was born.
In 1937 the city was renamed Sergo in honor of Sergo Ordzhonikidze. From 1943 to 1978 the city had its former name - Kadievka.
On July 12, 1942, the Soviet authorities and troops left the city of Sergo, the city was captured by the German invaders.,
On September 3, 1943, Sergo was liberated from the fascist Nazi invaders by the Soviet troops of the Southern Front during the Donbass operation:
- 51st Army consisting of: 91st Rifle Division (Colonel Pashkov, Ilya Mikhailovich) 63rd Rifle Division (Major General Butorin, Tikhon Ivanovich).
After the liberation, the city again became known as Kadievka. February 15, 1978 in order to perpetuate the memory of A. G. Stakhanov by the Decree of the Presidium Verkhovna Rada Ukrainian SSR Kadievka was renamed Stakhanov.
In the 1950s, the city included settlements, which later separated into separate cities - Bryanka, Pervomaisk, Kirovsk.
In 2014, the city fell into the zone of armed conflict between Ukraine and the unrecognized self-proclaimed Donetsk and Lugansk People's Republics.
Population
In 1919 in Kadievka (Stakhanov) there were 38 thousand people, in 1940 - 95 thousand, in 1955 in Kadievka (Stakhanov, Bryanka, Kirovsk, Almaznaya, Irmino) - 270 thousand people.
According to the All-Ukrainian census of 2001, the following ethnic groups were present in the population of the city:
- Ukrainians - 54.6%
- Russians - 44.9%
- Belarusians - 0.5%.
Industry
The main income of the city comes from the metallurgical, machine-building industries and private entrepreneurs. There were about two or three dozen large factories in the city: a machine-building plant, several mechanical, carbon black, concrete goods, rubber goods, asphalt plants, SMU, docks, several transport and bus auto enterprises, a meat processing plant, a cold storage plant, a dairy plant, a bakery, more than a hundred small enterprises and workshops.
Mining
- Coal mining - MCC "Stakhanovugol". The association Stakhanovugol consisted of 19 mines.
Metallurgical
- JSC "Stakhanovskiy ferroalloy plant", in 2012 the plant works.
- OJSC "Almaznyansky Metallurgical Plant" was built in 1898, liquidated in 2000.
Engineering
- OAO Stakhanov Carriage Works
- CJSC "Stakhanovskiy Machine-Building Plant", the plant is operating.
Chemical
- OAO "Stakhanovskiy carbon black plant".
culture
Centralized library system of the city of Stakhanov, Central City Library.
There is also a city Palace of Culture (DK named after Gorky), a house of pioneers, a cultural and entertainment center "Nika". the city has several Orthodox churches Moscow Patriarchate, and several more churches are being built. Once upon a time, a Catholic church stood at the site of the Mail stop.
mass media
- TV company "Era TV"
- TV company "SKT-plus"
- "Media TV network"
- Newspaper "Stakhanovskoye Znamya"
- Newspaper "Telegazeta"
- Newspaper "Interlocutor"
- Newspaper "Football Review"
Transport
From 1937 to 2007, the city had a tram system, from 1970 to 2008 - a trolleybus system. From July 15, 2010, the work of trolleybuses was resumed on the route No. 101 Festivalnaya-Yuzhny. On August 31, 2011, the traffic stopped again (the three remaining LAZ-52522 trolleybuses built in 1997 were operated with park numbers No. 077, No. 078 and No. 079).
Famous people
See also category: Born in StakhanovHeroes of Socialist Labor
- Garagaty Igor Gennadievich
- Dolzhikov, Nikolai Pavlovich
- Zavyalov, Evgeny Petrovich
- Kolesnichenko Maria Mikhailovna
- Kondratenko Ivan Timofeevich
- Lugovskoy, Dmitry I.
- Mordovtsev, Grigory Alekseevich
- Petrov, Konstantin Grigorievich
- Sinyagovsky, Pyotr Efimovich
Other
- Fedorov, Ivan Grigorievich - Soviet pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union.
- Diomede (Juban)
- Levchenko, Irina Nikolaevna
- Bolotov, Valery Dmitrievich - head of the self-proclaimed Lugansk People's Republic.
Notes
- Population
- 1 2
- RKKA website. http://rkka.ru.
- N. Lopatin "our city Kadievka" p. 227.
- Dnistriansky M. S. Ethno-political geography of Ukraine. Lviv: Litopis, 2006. P.464.
Literature
- Red Banner Kyiv. Essays on the history of the Red Banner Kyiv Military District (1919-1979). Second edition, corrected and enlarged. Kyiv, publishing house of political literature of Ukraine, 1979.
- Military encyclopedic Dictionary. M., Military publishing house, 1984.
- Handbook "Liberation of cities: A guide to the liberation of cities during the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945". M. L. Dudarenko, Yu. G. Perechnev, V. T. Eliseev et al. M.: Voenizdat, 1985. 598 p.
- Isaev A.V. From Dubno to Rostov. - M.: AST; Transitbook, 2004.
Links
- Handbook "Liberation of cities: A guide to the liberation of cities during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" / M. L. Dudarenko, Yu. G. Perechnev, V. T. Eliseev et al.
- RKKA website.
- Website Cavalry Corps of the Red Army.
- Pocket atlas of the USSR, 1939. Main Directorate of Geodesy and Cartography under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. LENINGRAD 1939.
- Soldat.ru website.
- City Council official website
Lugansk region | ||
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Districts |
Antratsitovsky Belovodsky Belokurakinsky Krasnodonsky Kremensky (Kremenskoy) Lutuginsky Markovsky Melovsky (Melovsky) Novoaidarsky Novopskovskiy Perevalsky Popasnyansky Svatovsky Sverdlovsky Slavic-Serbsky Stanichno-Lugansky Starobelsky Trinity |
|
Cities |
Aleksandrovsk2 Almaznaya2 Alchevsk1 Anthracite1 Artyomovsk2 Bryanka1 Vakhrushevo2 Gorskoye2 Zimogorye2 Zolotoe2 Zorinsk2 Irmino2 Kirovsk1 Krasnodon1 Krasny Luch1 Kremennaya2 Lisichansk1 Lugansk 1 Lutugino2 Miusinsk2 Molodogvardeysk2 Novodruzhesk2 Pervomaisk1 Perevalsk2 Petrovskoye2 Popasnaya2 Privolye2 Rovenki1 Rubizhnoye1 Svatovo2 Sverdlovsk1 Severodonetsk1 Starobelsk2 Stakhanov 1 Sukhodolsk2 Happiness2 Chervonopartizansk2 |
|
Umbrella |
Анновка Байрачки Беловодск Белогоровка Белое Белокуракино Белолуцк Белореченский Бирюково Боково-Платово Боровское Бугаевка Великий Лог Великокаменка Вергулёвка Верхний Нагольчик Володарск Волчеяровка Вороново Врубовка Врубовский Георгиевка Глубокий Горное Горняк Городище Грушёвое Дзержинский Донецкий Дубовский Есауловка Запорожье Ивановка Изварино Калининский Калиново Каменное Камышеваха Кленовый Княгиневка Комиссаровка Комсомольский Краснодарский Краснодон Краснореченское Красный Kut Krepensky Leninskoye Lozno-Aleksandrovka Lozovsky Lomovatka Lotikovo Malonikolaevka Maloryazantsevo Markovka Cretaceous Metelkino Mirnaya Dolina Mirnoe Mikhailovka (Perevalsky District) Mikhailovka (Rovenkovsky City Council) Khrustalnensky Northern Severo-Gundorovsky Seleznyovka Semeykino Sirotino Slavyanoserbsk Sofievsky Stan Luganskaya Talovoe Tatsino Toshkovka Trinity Ural-Caucasus Uspenka Fashchevka (Antratsitovsky District) Fashchevka (Perevalsky District) Fedorovka Frunze Khrustalnoye |
|
Notes: 1 city of regional significance; 2 city of district significance |
Stakhanov city of heroes, Stakhanov city of sins, Stakhanov city of bones, Stakhanov city under
Stakhanov (city) Information About
Geographic Encyclopedia
Stakhanov is a Russian surname. Famous carriers Stakhanov, Alexei Grigorievich (1906 1977) innovator of the coal industry, founder of the Stakhanov movement. Stakhanov, Nikolai Pavlovich (1901 1977) Soviet state ... ... Wikipedia
- (in 1937 40 Sergo until 1937 and in 1940 78 Kadievka), a city (since 1932) in Ukraine, Lugansk region, near the railway station. d. st. Stakhanov. 113 thousand inhabitants (1991). Coal mining. Plants: ferroalloys, coke-chemical, car-building, etc. Historical ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
Stakhanov- city, Lugansk region, Ukraine. Founded in the middle of the 19th century. like a mining town. Kadievka. The name is based on the personal name Kady, derived from Arkady. In 1937, after G. K. Ordzhonikidze (1886 1937) committed suicide ... ... Toponymic Dictionary
Stakhanov A. G. Aleksey Grigorievich innovator of production, Hero of the Socialist. Labor (1970). Member CPSU since 1936. Dep. bepx. Council of the CCCP in 1937 46. He began his career in 1917 as a shepherd, in 1927 he came to the coal industry, worked in the Donbass on the highway. Central… … Geological Encyclopedia
Wikipedia has articles about other people with that last name, see Stakhanov. Alexei Grigorievich Stakhanov ... Wikipedia
- (in 1937 40 Sergo, until 1937 and in 1940 78 Kadievka), a city (since 1932) in Ukraine, near the Stakhanov railway station. 109 thousand inhabitants (1996). Coal mining. Plants: ferroalloys, coke-chemical, car-building, etc. Historical ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Stakhanov- (in 1937–1940 Sergo, in 1940–1978 Kadievka) a city (since 1932) in Ukraine, in the Lugansk region; founded in the middle of the 19th century. Named after A. G. Stakhanov. Alexei Grigorievich Stakhanov (1906–1977) miner, initiator of the Stakhanov movement in ... ... The fate of eponyms. Dictionary-reference
Stakhanov- , a, m. The city in Voroshilov, Gradskaya Oblast, Ukrainian SSR (former Kadievka), was renamed in honor of L.G. Stakhanov. BES, 1270 ... Explanatory Dictionary of the Language of Soviet Deputies
Stakhanov- (Stakhanov)Stakhanov, a mining town in the southeast. Ukraine, located to the west of the city of Lugansk and to the south of the Donets river; 112,300 inhabitants (1990). Named for the miner whose success in coal mining gave impetus to the movement of Stakhanovite workers in the USSR in the 1930s ... Countries of the world. Dictionary
Books
- Stakhanov - a city of miners, V. Slepichev. This book is a story about a mining town, originally called the city of Kadievka. In this city, the movement of highly productive labor of miners was born, which received ...
A.G. Stakhanov- one of the most famous miners of the USSR, the ancestor "Stakhanov movement". Alexei Grigorievich gained his popularity after a record for coal production in 1935, thanks to the test carried out on the division of labor in the process of coal mining.
Stakhanov was born in 1906 in the village of Lugovaya in the Oryol region. Father Alexey Grigorievich Grigory Stakhanov was a simple peasant. Alexei Stakhanov studied at a rural school, but dropped out after 3 winters. FROM 1914 on 1926 gg. Stakhanov worked as a laborer, a shepherd. A family Alexey Grigorievich was therefore poor, fleeing from starvation, Stakhanov went to the Donbass, because I heard that the miners made very good money. AT 1927 Alexei Grigorievich got a job in a mine "Central-Irmino""brake". The essence of the work was to monitor the prevention of rolling back trolleys with coal. Even this place he was able to get with great difficulty, because. at that time there was no reception in the mine. Good help fellow countrymen Stakhanov.
With time A. Stakhanov became shoemaker (a man driving horses that pulled trolleys) and only after that he got to the position of a slaughterer ( 1933). By that time, coal mining in the mines was already carried out with jackhammers. By the way, before that, miners chopped coal with a butt.
towards the middle 1935 coal production per miner was 7.5 tons per shift. And thanks Alexey Stakhanov this record has been broken on the night of 30 to 31 August 1935. Previously, in one face, several miners cut coal at once, and then they themselves strengthened the mine so that a collapse did not occur. But it was on this night that the principle of the division of labor was implemented, according to which one slaughterer mined coal in the face, and other people were engaged in strengthening and exporting coal.
Unfortunately, helpers Stakhanov remained in the shadows, but we are obliged to name the heroes, because their solidarity made it possible to do what was previously impossible. Stakhanov's team included people like TikhonSchegolevand Gavriil Borisenko. These were the best fixers of the mine, who also made a significant contribution to achieving the record! As a result, the team chopped 102 tons of coal, thus fulfilling 14 norms.
But before Alexey Grigorievich the task was to consolidate the success, tk. after the first record, many began to doubt the reality of the indicators. And Stakhanov did it again. After 10 days, the record has already reached 175 tons. BUT March 4, 1936 Stakhanov was able to extract 324 tons of coal! This principle of operation became so popular that it began to be applied not only in other mines, but also in other industries and other activities. It was the first record that served as the beginning "Stakhanov movement".
AT 1936-41 A. Stakhanov studied at the Industrial Academy in Moscow and received a diploma in mining engineering. During Great patriotic war Stakhanov not taken to the front. From 1941 to 1942 he was the head of mine number 31 in Karaganda. BUT 1943-1957 worked as head of the sector of socialist competition in People's Commissariat of the Coal Industry of the USSR in Moscow.
After death I.V. Stalin came to power N.S. Khrushchev who disliked A. Stakhanov. Therefore, in 1957 at the direction N.S. Khrushchev A. Stakhanov was returned to the Donetsk region (Torez). Because of this move in the family Stakhanov there was a conflict, and in the city of Torez Stakhanov left alone. The family remained in Moscow. Left alone Stakhanov started drinking more than before. This served to exacerbate the onset of diseases. Before 1959 Alexey Grigorievich was deputy trustee « Chistyakovanthracite » , With 1959 Assistant Chief Engineer of the Mine Administration No. 2/43 of the Trust « Thoranthracite» . AT 1974 Stakhanov retired.
Rank Hero of Socialist Labor A. Stakhanov received only 35 years after his record in 1970.
Last months of life Alexey Grigorievich spent in the hospital. Someone said that the miner went crazy from alcoholism, but the daughter Stakhanov claimed that in Torez the department for patients with cerebral vascular disease was located only in a psychiatric clinic.
Died Alexei Grigorievich Stakhanov in this clinic, slipping on an apple skin. After the fall, he hit his head on the sharp corner of the table and died a few hours later. It happened November 5, 1977. The Hero of Socialist Labor was then 71 years old.
February 15, 1978 By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian SSR, the city of Kadievka, in which Alexey Stakhanov set his legendary record, was renamed Stakhanov. The city still bears this name today. They say that Stakhanov is the only city in the world named after a worker.
Zhevlakov Sergey Vasilievich
Sergo (1937- 1943)
Stakhanov (1978-2016)
Kadievchan, Stakhanovite
History of city names
Population
Population - 92,132 (2012).
In 1919, there were 38 thousand people in Kadievka, in 1940 - 95 thousand, in 1955 in Kadievka (an agglomeration that united Stakhanov, Bryanka, Kirovsk, Almaznaya, Irmino) - 270 thousand people.
After the liberation, the city again began to be called Kadievka. On February 15, 1978, in order to perpetuate the memory of A. G. Stakhanov, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian SSR, Kadievka was renamed into the city of Kadievka. Stakhanov.
In the 1950s, the city included settlements that later separated into separate cities - Bryanka, Pervomaisk, Kirovsk.
In 2014, the city fell into the zone of armed conflict between Ukraine and the unrecognized self-proclaimed Donetsk and Lugansk People's Republics.
Industry
The main income of the city comes from the metallurgical, machine-building industries and private entrepreneurs. There were about two or three dozen large factories in the city: a machine-building plant, several mechanical, carbon black, concrete goods, rubber goods, asphalt plant, SMU, docks, several transport and bus auto enterprises, a meat processing plant, a cold storage plant, a dairy plant, a bakery, more than a hundred small enterprises and workshops.
Notes: 1 city of regional significance; 2 city of district significance
An excerpt characterizing Stakhanov (city)
When, at the usual time, Princess Mary came in to see him, he stood behind the machine and sharpened, but, as usual, did not look back at her.- BUT! Princess Mary! he suddenly said unnaturally and dropped the chisel. (The wheel was still spinning from its swing. Princess Marya remembered for a long time this dying creak of the wheel, which merged for her with what followed.)
Princess Mary moved towards him, saw his face, and something suddenly sank into her. Her eyes couldn't see clearly. She saw from her father’s face, not sad, not killed, but angry and unnaturally working on herself, that now, now, a terrible misfortune, the worst in life, a misfortune that she had not yet experienced, an irreparable, incomprehensible misfortune, hung over her and crushed her. the death of the one you love.
– Mon pere! Andre? [Father! Andrei?] - Said the ungraceful, awkward princess with such an inexpressible charm of sadness and self-forgetfulness that her father could not stand her gaze, and turned away with a sob.
- Got the message. None were taken prisoner, none were killed. Kutuzov writes, - he shouted piercingly, as if wanting to drive the princess away with this cry, - killed!
The princess did not fall, she did not become faint. She was already pale, but when she heard these words, her face changed, and something shone in her radiant, beautiful eyes. As if joy, the highest joy, independent of the sorrows and joys of this world, spilled over the strong sorrow that was in it. She forgot all her fear of her father, went up to him, took his hand, pulled him towards her and hugged his dry, sinewy neck.
“Mon pere,” she said. Don't turn away from me, let's cry together.
- Scoundrels, scoundrels! the old man shouted, pulling his face away from her. - Destroy the army, destroy the people! For what? Go, go, tell Lisa. The princess sank helplessly into an armchair beside her father and wept. She saw her brother now at the moment he was saying goodbye to her and to Liza, with his gentle and at the same time arrogant air. She saw him at the moment when he tenderly and mockingly put the icon on himself. “Did he believe? Did he repent of his unbelief? Is he there now? Is it there, in the abode of eternal peace and bliss? she thought.
– Mon pere, [Father,] tell me how it was? she asked through tears.
- Go, go, he was killed in a battle in which they led the Russians to kill the best people and Russian glory. Go, Princess Mary. Go and tell Lisa. I will come.
When Princess Mary returned from her father, the little princess was sitting at work, and with that special expression of an inward and happily calm look, peculiar only to pregnant women, she looked at Princess Mary. It was evident that her eyes did not see Princess Marya, but looked deep into herself - into something happy and mysterious that was happening in her.
“Marie,” she said, moving away from the hoop and waddling back, “give me your hand here.” - She took the hand of the princess and put it on her stomach.
Her eyes smiled expectantly, the sponge with the mustache rose, and childishly happily remained raised.
Princess Mary knelt before her and hid her face in the folds of her daughter-in-law's dress.
- Here, here - do you hear? It's so strange to me. And you know, Marie, I will love him very much,” said Lisa, looking at her sister-in-law with sparkling, happy eyes. Princess Mary could not raise her head: she was crying.
- What's wrong with you, Masha?
“Nothing ... I felt so sad ... sad about Andrei,” she said, wiping her tears on her daughter-in-law's knees. Several times, during the morning, Princess Marya began to prepare her daughter-in-law, and each time she began to cry. These tears, for which the little princess did not understand the reason, alarmed her, no matter how observant she was. She didn't say anything, but looked around uneasily, looking for something. Before dinner, the old prince, whom she had always feared, entered her room, now with a particularly restless, angry face, and, without saying a word, went out. She looked at Princess Marya, then thought with that expression of eyes of inward-turning attention that pregnant women have, and suddenly burst into tears.
Did you get anything from Andrew? - she said.
- No, you know that the news could not come yet, but mon pere is worried, and I'm scared.
- Oh nothing?
“Nothing,” said Princess Marya, looking firmly at her daughter-in-law with radiant eyes. She decided not to tell her and persuaded her father to hide the terrible news from her daughter-in-law until her permission, which was supposed to be the other day. Princess Marya and the old prince, each in his own way, carried and hid their grief. The old prince did not want to hope: he decided that Prince Andrei had been killed, and despite the fact that he sent an official to Austria to look for his son's trace, he ordered a monument to him in Moscow, which he intended to erect in his garden, and told everyone that his son is killed. He tried not to change his former way of life, but his strength betrayed him: he walked less, ate less, slept less, and became weaker every day. Princess Mary hoped. She prayed for her brother as if she were alive, and waited every minute for news of his return.
- Ma bonne amie, [My good friend,] - said the little princess on the morning of March 19 after breakfast, and her sponge with a mustache rose from the old habit; but as in all not only smiles, but the sounds of speeches, even gaits in this house, from the day the terrible news was received, there was sadness, even now the smile of the little princess, who succumbed to the general mood, although she did not know its cause, was such that she even more reminiscent of the general sadness.
- Ma bonne amie, je crains que le fruschtique (comme dit Foka - cook) de ce matin ne m "aie pas fait du mal. [My friend, I'm afraid that the current frischtik (as Chef Foka calls it) would not make me feel bad. ]
What about you, my soul? You are pale. Oh, you are very pale, said Princess Marya in fright, running up to her daughter-in-law with her heavy, soft steps.
“Your Excellency, why not send for Marya Bogdanovna?” - said one of the maids who were here. (Marya Bogdanovna was a midwife from a district town, who had been living in Lysy Gory for another week.)
“And indeed,” Princess Marya picked up, “perhaps, for sure. I will go. Courage, mon ange! [Don't be afraid, my angel.] She kissed Lisa and wanted to leave the room.
- Oh, no, no! - And besides pallor, the face of the little princess expressed a childish fear of inevitable physical suffering.
- Non, c "est l" estomac ... dites que c "est l" estomac, dites, Marie, dites ..., [No, this is the stomach ... tell me, Masha, that this is the stomach ...] - and the princess began to cry childishly, suffering, capriciously and even somewhat feignedly, breaking their little hands. The princess ran out of the room after Marya Bogdanovna.
— Mon Dieu! Mon Dieu! [My God! My God!] Oh! she heard behind her.
Rubbing her full, small, white hands, the midwife was already walking towards her, with a considerably calm face.
- Maria Bogdanovna! It seems to have begun, ”said Princess Marya, looking at her grandmother with frightened open eyes.
“Well, thank God, princess,” said Marya Bogdanovna without adding a step. You girls don't need to know about this.
“But why hasn’t the doctor arrived from Moscow yet?” - said the princess. (At the request of Lisa and Prince Andrei, they were sent to Moscow for an obstetrician by the deadline, and they were waiting for him every minute.)
“It’s okay, princess, don’t worry,” said Marya Bogdanovna, “and without a doctor everything will be fine.”
Five minutes later the princess heard from her room that something heavy was being carried. She looked out - for some reason the waiters were carrying into the bedroom a leather sofa that stood in Prince Andrei's office. There was something solemn and quiet on the faces of the carrying people.
Princess Marya sat alone in her room, listening to the sounds of the house, occasionally opening the door when they passed by, and looking closely at what was going on in the corridor. Several women walked to and fro with quiet steps, looked back at the princess and turned away from her. She did not dare to ask, shut the door, returned to her room, and either sat down in her chair, or took up her prayer book, or knelt before the kiot. To her misfortune and surprise, she felt that prayer did not calm her excitement. Suddenly the door of her room quietly opened and on the threshold appeared her old nurse, Praskovya Savishna, tied with a handkerchief, who almost never, due to the prince's prohibition, did not enter her room.
“I came to sit with you, Mashenka,” said the nanny, “yes, she brought the prince’s wedding candles in front of the saint to light, my angel,” she said with a sigh.
“Oh, how glad I am, nanny.
“God is merciful, dove. - Nanny lit candles entwined with gold in front of the icon-case and sat down at the door with a stocking. Princess Mary took the book and began to read. Only when footsteps or voices were heard did the princess look frightened, inquiringly, and the nanny looked at each other reassuringly. At all ends of the house, the same feeling that Princess Mary experienced while sitting in her room was overflowing and possessed everyone. I believe that what less people knows about the sufferings of the puerperal, the less she suffers, everyone tried to pretend to be ignorant; no one talked about it, but in all people, except for the usual degree and respectfulness of good manners that reigned in the prince's house, there was one kind of general concern, softened heart and consciousness of something great, incomprehensible, happening at that moment.
There was no laughter in the big girls' room. In the waiter's room, all the people sat in silence, ready for something. On the courtyard they burned torches and candles and did not sleep. The old prince, stepping on his heel, walked around the study and sent Tikhon to Marya Bogdanovna to ask: what? - Just tell me: the prince ordered to ask what? and come and tell me what she will say.
“Report to the prince that the birth has begun,” said Marya Bogdanovna, looking significantly at the messenger. Tikhon went and reported to the prince.
“Very well,” said the prince, shutting the door behind him, and Tikhon no longer heard the slightest sound in the study. A little later, Tikhon entered the office, as if to fix the candles. Seeing that the prince was lying on the sofa, Tikhon looked at the prince, at his upset face, shook his head, silently approached him and, kissing him on the shoulder, went out without adjusting the candles and without saying why he had come. The most solemn sacrament in the world continued to be performed. The evening passed, the night came. And the feeling of expectation and softening of the heart before the incomprehensible did not fall, but rose. Nobody slept.
It was one of those March nights when winter seems to want to take its toll and pour out its last snows and snowstorms with desperate anger. To meet the German doctor from Moscow, who was expected every minute and for whom a set-up was sent to the main road, to the turn into a country road, horsemen with lanterns were sent to lead him along the potholes and gaps.
Princess Mary had long since left the book: she sat in silence, fixing her radiant eyes on the wrinkled, familiar to the smallest detail, face of the nanny: at the strand of gray hair that had come out from under the scarf, at the hanging bag of skin under the chin.
Nanny Savishna, with a stocking in her hands, in a low voice, without hearing and not understanding her own words, told hundreds of times about how the deceased princess in Chisinau gave birth to Princess Marya, with a Moldavian peasant woman, instead of a grandmother.