Educational project "folk proverbs and sayings". Proverbs and sayings Creative project proverbs and sayings
All-Russian competition of student research works
"YOUTH, SCIENCE, CULTURE"
Direction: literary studies
TOPIC: “Proverbs and sayings”
Malysheva Dana Sergeevna
MBOU Secondary School No. 38, North Ossetia - Alania, Vladikavkaz
4th grade
Scientific adviser:
Malysheva I.N.,
primary school teacher.
Obninsk, 2011/2012 academic year
Abstracts.
UNK_section_Literary Studies_MBOU Secondary School No. 38_4th grade_RSO-Alania_Vladikavkaz_Malysheva Dana Sergeevna
relevance
Research hypothesis
The purpose of this study: there was a desire of the student to find out in more detail what proverbs and sayings are; why they are found in all languages of the world; compare how proverbs and sayings sound among different nations; collect information, study scientific literature on this work.
In accordance with the hypothesis and purpose of the study, main goals:
To test the hypothesis and solve the assigned problems, a research program was developed, which included the following research methods:
The material we have developed has a practical orientation: it can be used in our republic as a national-regional component in literary reading and Ossetian language lessons, and in extracurricular reading lessons.
The text of my speech was prepared in the form of a report using a computer presentation.
Introduction
Main part
Conclusion
Bibliography
INTRODUCTION
Proverbs and sayings created by the people constitute the invaluable wealth of the language. Getting to know them at school develops thinking, instills a love for the native language, improves speech culture, promotes better mastery of the Russian language and a deeper study of literary reading, and enriches them with folk wisdom. That's why we worked on this particular topic. It is necessary to pay attention to proverbs and sayings in the lessons of literary reading, Russian language, Ossetian language, and be able to compare proverbs of different nations. The success of using proverbs in speech depends on how well they are chosen. No wonder they say: “A good proverb goes well”
In our work, we will try to consider the system of values through proverbs and sayings from the point of view of the influence of this section of oral folk art on the level of education of children in the process of teaching them in literary reading lessons. That's why relevance Our chosen topic is determined by the following points:
Insufficient study of the influence of proverbs and sayings as a literary genre on the upbringing of a child;
The low level of patriotism, philanthropy, and hard work in modern society.
Object of study- the learning process in primary school.
Subject of study– work on proverbs and sayings that form the value system in the life of every child.
Research hypothesis– we consider it possible to assume that thanks to the work carried out with proverbs and sayings at school, it is possible to increase the level of good manners, consciousness, and patriotism.
The purpose of this study there was a desire of the student to find out in more detail what proverbs and sayings are; why they are found in all languages of the world; compare how proverbs and sayings sound among different nations; collect information, study scientific literature on this work. The need to consider proverbs and sayings as an educational phenomenon, to show their relationship to historical and social reality, their educational significance.
In accordance with the hypothesis and purpose of the study, the main tasks:
Study the state of the problem in the theory and practice of teaching;
Identify the educational capabilities of proverbs and sayings;
Prove that every nation has proverbs and sayings.
The most important research sources:
1. literature on theoretical issues;
2. student work;
3. Internet.
To test the hypothesis and solve the assigned problems, a research program, which included the following research methods:
Observation of the educational process;
Comparison, juxtaposition, analysis of proverbs among different peoples.
The work can be used in elementary school lessons. It was very interesting to work with Ossetian proverbs. The Ossetian people are a people of rich, ancient culture. Proverbs and sayings reflect the wisdom of the Ossetian people. They talk about justice, honesty, hard work of Ossetians, their desire for knowledge. That is why Ossetian proverbs are important not only for the people of Ossetia, but also for the peoples of other countries. I want to tell everyone that they are as wise and accurate as other nationalities. I would really like them to be heard quite often in different lessons. Ossetian proverbs reflect the life of Ossetians associated with agriculture, hunting, and love for their Motherland. If you don’t know the people, then you can get to know them through grains of folk wisdom; people have long valued proverbs. They arose in ancient times and lived with the people throughout their history. It’s good when we know the “folk wisdom” of our region.
This work talks about how folk sayings should be used to develop and enrich students’ speech. The work provides examples of visual aids with proverbs and sayings, and provides selections of Ossetian proverbs and sayings on individual topics that can be used both in reading lessons and in Russian and Ossetian language lessons.
Having worked on this topic , I came to the conclusion: Proverb - as a genre of oral folk art, is present in the culture of different people.
We think that the possibilities of this material have not yet been exhausted, since the educational impact of proverbs and sayings on children is very great, because the proverb “is omnipresent, knows everything and has its own folk final judgment about everything.” (4, p.8)
Who composed it is unknown to anyone,
But everyone knows her and obeys her.
IN AND. Dahl
We became acquainted with proverbs in elementary school and remembered for the rest of our lives that “ Always learning, useful», “If you love to ride, you also love to carry sleighs”, What “You can’t catch a fish out of a pond without effort” So what “Seven do not wait for one.”
And in the class several literary reading lessons were devoted to proverbs and sayings.
In everyday speech, in order to convince our interlocutor of something, we resort to the help of proverbs - folk sayings. The opinion of the people means a lot; we compare our behavior and thoughts with it. Proverbs are very similar to the wise sayings of famous writers and public figures, but a proverb is not every saying, not every thought expressed by someone.
“The early bird clears its nose, the late bird opens its eyes” - the proverb means not birds, but people. They remember it when they want to say: an early riser will have time to do more, a good worker will drink and eat, but a lazy person is just waking up, and in general, a cheerful person is better off than a lazy one.
The proverb is applied to various everyday situations. Brief and outwardly very simple proverbs contain a meaning that is more significant than that which is directly expressed in them. In other cases, a proverb is interesting primarily for its direct meaning, but it is so capacious that it provides the speaker with the opportunity to broadly interpret what is being said. For example, it is said: “A gift is not precious, but love is precious.” The proverb is remembered both when it is necessary to specifically indicate that what is dear, first of all, is the feeling with which a gift is given, and when it is necessary to praise someone who has shown attention to another without a gift, without considerations of material gain. (3, p. .32.)
The greatest wealth of a people is its language! For thousands of years, countless treasures of human thought and experience accumulate and live forever in the word. And, perhaps, in none of the forms of linguistic creativity of a people does their mind, their national history, social system, way of life, and worldview manifest themselves so powerfully and so multifacetedly, as in proverbs. There are thousands, tens of thousands of them! As if on wings, they fly from century to century, from one generation to another. And the boundless distance to which this winged wisdom directs its flight is not visible...(1, p3) In books for reading intended for primary school students, K. D. Ushinsky placed about 300 proverbs and sayings, and several stories that reveal the meaning of individual of them. L.N. Tolstoy also wrote several stories based on proverbs for students of literacy. It is in elementary school that special attention should be paid to proverbs. In resolving this issue, we attach great importance to the development of interest among younger schoolchildren in proverbs and sayings, and the process of knowledge in general. It is during the first school years that children develop cognitive interest, and cognitive activity does not arise on their own. The leading role in this process belongs to the school.
Cognitive interest in proverbs and sayings acts as the most valuable motive for schoolchildren’s educational activities, and this is its most significant manifestation. The study of proverbs and sayings is extremely promising in solving practical pedagogical problems.
In reading lessons, elementary school students not only master the skill of reading fluently, but also learn to understand what they read and understand the artistic features of literary works. In addition, when getting acquainted with folk art and the works of wordsmiths, much attention is paid to aesthetic education and the development of students’ speech culture. The skillful use of proverbs and sayings, various types of work with them make reading lessons richer in content and more interesting in form. Particularly rich material for observation is provided by I. A. Krylov’s fables, which students become familiar with in grades 3-4. It is not enough, in our opinion, just to find expressions in the text that have become proverbs and sayings. It is quite easy for students to reveal the deep meaning of these sayings, understand their purpose in the fable and explain why they are included in the richest fund of folk phraseology. (4, p. 27)
There are a lot of proverbs. Dahl, a contemporary of Pushkin, collected proverbs and sayings for fifty years. Our writers attached great importance to proverbs: Krylov, Gogol, Nekrasov, Gorky, Tolstoy and many others. We also love proverbs very much for their accuracy, colorfulness, and expressiveness. When working on this topic, we were helped by the following sources: 1. Collection of V. Dahl in two volumes “Proverbs and sayings of the Russian people”
From 1849 to 1859, Dahl served as manager of a specific office in Nizhny Novgorod. This city was famous for many things, but one of the most striking events here was the annual fair. This is how Dahl’s contemporaries described this fair: “For a month and 10 days the fair moves, hums, shimmers with colors. A thin, big-nosed man, Nizhny Novgorod official Dal, is walking through the fair. Doesn't buy anything. Listens to the rumble of the fair. It pulls out jokes and proverbs from the noise - like goldfish from a pool. And every day Dal brings home countless treasures, the only thing for which they don’t charge money at the fair - you just pick it up. At home, he put the words on shelves in his storage rooms. Each proverb is rewritten twice on narrow strips of paper (Dahl calls them “straps”). One “strap” will be used as an example to explain words, the other will be pasted into a notebook intended for collecting proverbs. There are already 180 such notebooks..."
Dahl took folk proverbs as examples for almost every word in his dictionary. There were also a lot of them collected - more than 30 thousand. In 1853, Dahl presented his collection “Proverbs of the Russian People” to the Academy of Sciences. On the title page there was an epigraph: “The proverb is not judged.” In the preface, the author addressed his readers: “What if every lover of our language, skimming through my collection at leisure, made notes, corrections and additions... and handed them over to the collector - isn’t it true that the next edition, if needed, could would you leave the first one far behind? Together, it’s not too heavy, but one person will die in front of the porridge.”
But the censorship opposed the publication of the collection, saying that it “encroaches on the corruption of morals.” “The proverbs of the Russian people were published only in 1861-1862, after the death of Emperor Nicholas I.
A living word is more valuable than a dead letter - Dahl loved this proverb and throughout his life he collected words and folk expressions, trying to show the richness of a living language, and through it, to reveal various aspects of folk life more fully and brightly. (2, p. 31)
The history of the people is one of the heroic in the world. That is why the oral creativity of the people is so rich.
We all know and love folk tales, songs, riddles, proverbs and sayings. A proverb is a short saying that contains some kind of teaching. Proverbs reflect centuries-old observations and labor experience of the people. Proverbs teach us a lot. They tell you how to treat your fatherland, how to live, how to treat people. The proverb exalts work, condemns laziness, ridicules greed, teaches to believe in goodness, justice, and respect knowledge and books. Using proverbs in speech, we make it figurative, colorful, and expressive.
The eras that gave rise to proverbs are different. The diversity of human relationships is immeasurable, which are imprinted in well-known folk sayings and aphorisms. From the abyss of time, in these clots of reason and knowledge of life, human joy and suffering, laughter and tears, love and anger, faith and unbelief, truth and falsehood, honesty and deception, hard work and laziness, the beauty of truths and the ugliness of prejudices have come to us.
Turning to the proverbs of different nations, a person will take the best and discard what is already dead and is not needed in the creation of a new world. However, everything that bears the stamp of national hatred, slavery, religious superstition in proverbs is alien to our contemporaries - everything that did not express the true wisdom of the people. (1, p.3)
We learned that proverbs are oral, wise, short sayings on a variety of topics, that people have long valued proverbs, that they arose in ancient times and lived with the people throughout their history. IN AND. Dahl defined this genre this way: “A proverb is a short saying, a teaching, more in the form of a parable, an allegory, or in the form of an everyday sentence” (9, p. 18).
Proverbs are apt sayings that are capable of expressively and accurately characterizing something in a conversation without the help of tedious and complex explanations. About the proverb V.I. Dal said this: “a roundabout expression, a simple allegory, but without a parable, without judgment, conclusion, application” (9, p. 20)
“After the rain on Thursday,” we say about something that is unknown when it happened or whether it happened. How many different circumstances can this expression be applied to?!
A saying differs from a proverb in that it does not contain a complete judgment, it is only a part of it. After all, it’s one thing to say: such and such an event will happen or not, and a completely different thing when they say that it will happen after rain on Thursday: here ridicule is added to doubt. Proverb " Seven Fridays a week"is used as a judgment about those people who often change their minds.
The proverb is curious; it is interested in everything connected with man, his activities, and the nature surrounding him. She is omnipresent, knows everything and has her own, national final judgment about everything. The people's position in proverbs and sayings is always clear, sometimes even categorical, often with irony: “Think in two ways, but do the same”, “thought, thought - you can’t live, if you think about it - you can”, “Mix business with idleness, you will live a century with fun” .
When I compared many proverbs, I came to the conclusion that a proverb is not a simple saying, it expresses the opinion of the people. Not every saying became a proverb, but only one that corresponded to the lifestyle and thoughts of many people. Proverbs and sayings contain a wealth of meaning, demonstrate the brilliant brevity of the folk language, the liveliness of conversational intonations, and have long earned themselves well-deserved fame. (3, p.3)
I realized that there are proverbs that we use literally and figuratively. Proverbs " Time for business, time for fun", “When you’ve finished the job, go for a walk” have a direct meaning, and we immediately understand them, but proverbs with a figurative meaning are more difficult to understand. We are speaking “He’s pounding water in a mortar”. At first glance it seems like nonsense. How can you pound water? For what? And why in a mortar? The meaning of this proverb is far from the direct meaning of the words of which it consists. In my work, I tried to consider how sayings and proverbs are structured in grammatical understanding.
Proverbs are always a complete sentence, but sayings are only part of a sentence.
But even among the sayings there are those that are similar to a sentence. So sayings "Where the wind blows", "Ears are drooping" “The tongue doesn’t stick” look like proposals.
Proverbs for the most part consist of two parts, for example, "The quieter you go, the further you'll get", “Knowing a lot means sleeping little.”
The proverb is not divided into parts. But among the proverbs there are those that are also not divided, for example, “Eggs don’t teach a chicken.”
Proverbs and sayings have been created over hundreds of generations. These short and wise sayings capture love for the motherland, courage, bravery, faith in justice, and the concept of honor.
In general, the topics of proverbs and sayings are countless. They talk about learning, knowledge, family, hard work and skill, and much, much more.
The power and beauty of these wise sayings have long been recognized by all peoples of the world.
A proverb is similar in form to a small poem, since many have rhythm and even rhyme: “ Finished the job - go for a walk safely".
I decided to compare proverbs of different nations. After all, sometimes proverbs and sayings of one people are included in the oral use of another. For example, the expression “A tender calf sucks two queens” came to us from the Greeks, and "Have the pip"- This is a translation from French.
Proverbs of different nations are very similar.
All nations claim that work is the main value of life.
“Patience and work will grind everything down”, “You can’t pull a fish out of a pond without effort.”, say the Russians. “The dust of labor is better than the saffron of inaction”- the Arabs say. “Spring floods the river, labor adds value to a person”- the Uzbeks teach. “A tree is famous for its fruits, a man for his labors.”“- echo the Azerbaijanis. “Idleness is the mother of all vices”, say the French, and the Cossacks claim that “A horse is recognized in a race, but a man is recognized in business”. “Work feeds a man, but idleness spoils him.”", say the Assyrians. “Life is happiness in work”, - the Lithuanians teach. “What you don’t collect in summer, you won’t find in winter,” say the Kabardians. “Work makes a person look younger”, “Your lips will not be in oil if your hands do not work in the ground”, “The hand of an untrained person does not hurt” - say the Ossetians.
And all nations understand who should be called a true friend. "Friend is known in trouble", "An old friend is better than two new ones", "Tell me who your friend is and I'll tell you who you are", say the Russians. “In difficult times, a friend is right there”, say the Arabs. “A tree is strong with its roots, and a man is with friends”, - Georgians teach. In China they claim that “Friends are better than old, clothes are new”, and the Japanese say: “If you want to know a person, get to know his friend” "A good friend is closer than a brother", “For the sake of a friend, endure both blizzard and snow”, - Azerbaijanis like to say. “A friend will say it to your face, but your enemy will mutter behind your back.”, say the Vietnamese. “People must take each other into account,” say the Ossetians.
And, of course, many proverbs are dedicated to teaching. “Learning to read and write is always useful”, “Learning is light, ignorance is darkness”, “He who is good at reading and writing will not be lost”, “Repetition is the mother of learning”, “The bird is red in feathers, but man is in learning”, “Live forever and learn”- say the Russians. “Ignorance is not a vice, unwillingness to know is a big vice”, say the Bashkirs. “Without learning there is no skill”, - the Vietnamese teach. “The mind is a tower, strength is a fortress,” “The light of the world is the sun, the light of man is study,” say the Ossetians.
Proverbs reflect natural phenomena: "Spring day feeds the year", “Winter without snow - summer without bread", say the Russians. "Every evening follows morning", say the Turks. “The solar disk cannot be covered with a sieve”, - the Arabs teach. “A bee has a striped back, but you can’t call it a tiger.”, say the Chinese. “Small as a moth, but big troubles come from him,” the Ossetians teach.
And what beautiful proverbs about mothers: “There is no dearer friend than dear mother”, “The bird is happy about the spring, and the baby is happy about the mother”, “Mother’s anger is like spring snow: and a lot of it will fall, but it will soon melt”, “It’s bright in the sunshine” , with mother it’s good,” the Russians say. “A mother hears the cry of her child from afar”, “There is nothing more precious than a father and mother”, “A mother has a sensitive heart” - Ossetians teach.
Of course, living in Ossetia, I became interested in Ossetian proverbs. Ours are as wise and accurate as those of other nations. A large number of different proverbs and sayings have been preserved. Proverbs reflect the life of Ossetians associated with agriculture, sheep breeding, hunting, etc.
“A rolling stone will not be covered with moss”, says one proverb, which must be understood as follows: a person who often changes his place of residence or work will never take root in a new team or locality.
"Another's hand is a thorn". This proverb says that if you are able to do some work yourself, you should not ask someone else to do it for you: they will do worse than you.
"A gory bull's horns break"- says the third proverb. She is very reminiscent of Russian: “God does not give a horn to a carnivorous cow”. This proverb refers to people who dream of becoming famous and advancing in their careers, but who do not have the talent for this. "Every cloud has a silver lining" “Don’t build your happiness on someone else’s misfortune”- these proverbs clearly originated from the Russians.
Interesting Ossetian proverb “The cry of a goat is joy to the wolf”, i.e. For the rich Ossetian bek, the grief of the poor Ossetians, whom he mercilessly exploited, is indifferent.
The sources of proverbs and sayings are very diverse, but, first of all, these are people’s observations of life.
I tried to compare the “old” and “new” proverbs. "Old" - “Trust in God, but don’t make a mistake yourself”, on its basis a “new” proverb was created: “Rely on the tractor, but don’t abandon the horse”. "Old" - “Be patient, Cossack, and you will become an ataman.”, “new” - “Study. A fighter, you will be a commander.". "Old" - “If you are afraid of wolves, do not go into the forest.”"New" - “To be afraid of enemies is not to be a border guard.”
New versions of proverbs and sayings arise when one word is replaced by another, similar in meaning.
Nowadays, phraseological units are often used as sayings.
Proverbs and sayings differ from phraseological units in that they represent a complete sentence.
The peculiarity of proverbs is that they have a literal and figurative meaning. Yes, proverb “You can’t spoil porridge with oil” can be used literally and figuratively.
Phraseologisms cannot be used in a figurative sense. Phraseologisms are not divided into two parts.
The category of proverbs does not include such expressions as eyes bulging, sparks falling from the eyes, a mosquito will not hurt your nose, a bear stepped on your ear, your hands are itching, the milk on your lips has not dried, etc. These expressions are phraseological units.
Catchphrases from literary sources can easily turn into proverbs and sayings.
I still don’t know the content of many classic literary works, but I remember some popular expressions: "Study, study and study", “I don’t want to study, I want to get married”, "Love for all ages", “Oh, you are heavy, Monomakh’s hat”, “Who are you laughing at? You’re laughing at yourself!”, “Alexander the Great is a great commander, but why break chairs?”
Dahl’s definition of “a coherent short speech, current among the people, but not constituting a complete proverb” is quite suitable for a proverb, noting at the same time a special and very common type of saying - a current expression that has not developed into a full proverb, a new image that replaces an ordinary word (for example “doesn’t knit” instead of “drunk”, “didn’t invent gunpowder” instead of “fool”, “pulling the strap”) There is no proverb here, just as there is no work of art in an emblem that has only a once-for-all meaning.
A saying, unlike a proverb, does not contain a general instructive meaning.
And I want to finish my work with the words of A.S. Pushkin: “What a luxury, what a meaning, what a sense in every saying of ours! What gold!”
Thus, the golden grains of folk life, struggle and traditions of countless generations, scattered in proverbs, are continuously washed and polished by time.
CONCLUSION.
Practice has shown that any new business opens up space for creativity, gives rise to noble feelings in the soul, cultivates the ability to live in a team, stimulates the activities of the competition participant, promotes the accumulation of experience in this work, the manifestation of initiative and initiative.
After working on this topic, I came to the conclusion that proverbs are gold mines in our language. They help us understand the history of our people, teach us to love our Motherland, to be honest and hardworking. Deep historical roots, the fact that proverbs have absorbed the centuries-old moral experience of the people, make their use in lessons especially relevant today. Proverbs condemn laziness, ignorance and other negative human qualities. Using proverbs in speech, we make it figurative, colorful, and expressive. The people expressed their deep respect for proverbs in these words: “A proverb is an assistant to all matters”; “Speech is beautiful with a proverb”; “The old proverb of centuries will not break”; “A stupid speech is not a proverb”; “A proverb is a flower, a proverb is a berry.” The proverb exalts work, condemns laziness, ridicules greed, teaches to believe in goodness, justice, and respect knowledge and books. Proverbs live for a very long time, they do not grow old.
I learned to collect folk sayings, classify them by topic, analyze the meaning of proverbs, and understand their general nature. The study of wise, imaginative folk aphorisms enriches speech, improves literacy, and contributes to the development of aesthetic taste.
Project work with proverbs not only instills a love for oral folk art, not only teaches you to be attentive to apt, figurative expressions, but also to be interested in the folk wisdom of your native land. Proverbs and sayings of the native land cultivate feelings of pride, love of work, parents, respect for the people who created these treasures, and pride in them.
The material we have developed has a practical orientation: it can be used in our republic as a national-regional component in literary reading lessons, Ossetian language lessons, and in extracurricular reading lessons.
So, as a result of the research, I proved my own hypothesis and found answers to the questions I posed to myself.
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST:
1. Proverbs of the Russian people. Collection of V. Dahl in two volumes - M. 1984
2. Reports and messages on the Russian language. - S.-P., 2006.
3. Ancient proverbs and sayings. - M., 1983.
4. Vvedenskaya L. A. Proverbs and sayings in elementary school. M. 1963.
4. “A brief dictionary of literary terms”, authors D.I. Timofeev and S.V. Turaev.
5. Textbook “Literature” for grade 7, author V.Ya. Korovina.
6. “Russian proverbs, sayings and popular expressions” - V.G. Kostomarov.
7. “Ossetian proverbs and sayings”, North Ossetia - Alania, 2004.
8. “Proverbs and sayings of the peoples of the East”
9. Anikin V.P. A step to wisdom. - M.: Children's literature, 1988.
MUNICIPAL BUDGETARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
PRIMARY SCHOOL No. 3 VILLAGE TROITSKOYE NANAYSKY DISTRICT KHABAROVSK REGION
Project
Project on the topic “Oral folk art”
"Proverbs and sayings"
Completed:
Polyakov Georgy
Antonevich Polina
Tikhonova Kristina
Sleptsova Anastasia
2015
Troitskoe village
Methodological passport of the educational project
Project "Proverbs and sayings".
Item : Literary reading.
Class: 3
Project type : creative, teamwork.
Planned result : Students create a presentation about proverbs and sayings.
Project goals and objectives:
Introduce the concept of “research activity”, introduce some methods, forms and methods of scientific research.
Creating conditions for student self-realization through research.
Formation of motivation for research activities.
Formation of creative activity.
Development of independence.
Equipment: PC, books
Time : 5 days
Project work
Main stages of work:
PREPARATORY STAGE
1. Introduction to project ideas
2. Formation of groups, distribution of responsibilities.
PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION STAGE
1. Work in groups to collect material
Find proverbs and sayings in textbooks, additional literature, the Internet with the help of a teacher, parents
2. Practical work. Work on explaining the meaning of proverbs and sayings.
Give examples. What is the difference between a proverb and a saying?
(teacher consultation)
3.Choice of the form for presenting the result
Presentation of work results.
THE FINAL STAGE
Presentation and defense of work results.
Summing up.
Project product - album
Working methods : collecting information from various sources; work on the meaning of proverbs; designing a piggy bank into an album; speech at the conference.
Project content: In terms of its content, the project “Proverbs and Sayings” has two aspects: educational and research. On the one hand, its participants will be enriched with knowledge about what a proverb or saying is, how they appeared, and what is their basis. They will expand their ideas about the world, about work, about study, about friendship, which is very important for the intellectual and creative development of children of primary school age. On the other hand, project participants, as a result of search, educational, research work, will be convinced that learning means working. Will acquire independent activity skills. Learn to present acquired knowledge and experience.
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Application.
Proverbs and sayings
A house cannot be built without corners; speech cannot be said without a proverb.
Speech with a saying is beautiful.
A saying is a flower, a proverb is a berry.
There is a saying for every Yegorka
About the Motherland
On someone else's side, I'm happy with my little crow.
Your own land is sweet even in a handful.
The native side is the mother, the alien side is the stepmother.
Without roots, wormwood does not grow.
Where the pine tree is mature, there it is red.
The bird that has not built its nest is stupid.
On the other side, even a falcon is called a crow.
On the other side, even spring is not beautiful.
About family
It's warm in the sun, good in mother's presence.
There is no friend like your own mother.
What is the treasure for, if there is harmony in the family?
Brotherly love is better than stone walls.
The bird is happy about spring, and the baby is happy about its mother.
The hut is fun for children.
The whole family is together, and the soul is in place.
Mother's affection knows no end.
A mother’s anger is like spring snow: a lot of it will fall, but it will soon melt.
The sweet child has many names.
Grandmother - only grandfather is not a grandson.
Annushka is a good daughter if her mother and grandmother praise her.
About work.
As is the spinner, so is the shirt she wears.
If you don't know how to sew with gold, hit it with a hammer.
Get up early, think wisely, do it diligently.
Labor feeds a person, but laziness spoils him.
Patience and a little effort.
The craft does not ask to drink and eat, but feeds itself.
It is not the ax that amuses, but the carpenter.
The day until the evening is boring if there is nothing to do.
Put off idleness, but don’t put off doing things.
About the mind.
They meet you by their dress, they see you off by their intelligence.
And strength gives way to the mind.
Let's go smart - say one word; send a fool - say three, and go get him yourself.
A smart head has a hundred hands.
A mind is good, but two are better.
As is the mind, so are the speeches.
In a smart conversation you gain intelligence, in a stupid conversation you lose yours.
You can't see the whole world from the window.
Repetition is the mother of learning.
About courage
Don’t be brave on the stove, and don’t be cowardly in the field.
It's good to tease a bear out the window.
About friendship
An old friend is better than two new ones.
A friend argues, but an enemy agrees.
Don't recognize a friend in three days, recognize a friend in three years.
A friend and brother is a great thing: you won’t get it soon.
I was with a friend, I drank water - sweeter than honey.
If you don’t have a friend, so look for it, but if you find it, take care of it.
Make new friends, but don’t lose old ones.
For a friend, seven miles is not a suburb.
Without a friend - an orphan; with a friend - a family man.
Seven do not wait for one.
A horse is known in grief, and a friend in trouble.
One bee doesn't make much honey.
About teaching
Learning is light and ignorance is darkness.
The root of the teaching is bitter, but the fruit is sweet.
The scientist leads, and the unlearned follows.
Read books, but don’t forget things to do.
Repetition is the mother of learning.
About the truth
Good glory lies, but bad glory flees.
Stand boldly for what is right.
In whom there is no truth, there is little good.
Know the matter, but remember the truth.
The truth does not sink in water and does not burn in fire.
“In the simplicity of words there is the greatest wisdom.
Proverbs and songs are always short,
and whole books’ worth of intelligence and feelings are put into them.”
A.M.Gorky
In November 2008, my 2nd “B” class participated in the erudite competition “EMU” (Erudite-Marathon of Students). The competition tasks required an excellent understanding of many subjects - biology, architecture, literature, logic, but mainly in the Russian language.
One of the tasks was “Complete the word - complete the proverb!”:
- The courage of the city...
- There is no water under a lying stone...
- Porridge is not buttered...
Imagine the surprise when the results of the competition were summed up - only a few of the 73 second-grade students of our gymnasium completed this task completely. The rest of the guys either didn't give an answer at all or gave the wrong answers. None of the students use the wisdom accumulated by their ancestors in their daily life and speech.
How many folk proverbs and sayings do we use in our colloquial speech? How many proverbs - these clots of folk wisdom - does each of us know by heart?
We decided that the situation needed to change. Proverbs have come to us since ancient times. These are short, simple, but rich in thought sayings, a storehouse of countless treasures of human wisdom. In their best proverbs, the people passed on their cherished rules of life from fathers to sons, from grandfathers to grandchildren, and taught wisdom. One could always find useful advice in them on what to do in this or that case, because they cover all aspects of people’s lives, reflect people’s ideas about nature, about the Motherland, about work, about family, about morality, about intelligence and stupidity, about goodness and evil, etc.
As the Russian folk proverb says, “A big river begins with a small stream.” And we decided to become such a trickle, to convey to many the beauty, benefits and functionality of folk proverbs in modern life. After all, if we listen to our language today, we will feel its stereotyped, “slang-like”, inexpressive and uninformative - not “tasty” to the ear. In today's times of globalization and high speeds, large flows of information and little time for making decisions, we need to start our path to success by studying our native language, the already accumulated folk wisdom, the main part of which is accurately, briefly and aptly expressed in proverbs. We created our own group practice-oriented project. The whole class (27 people) participated in the project.
Objective of the project
Replenish students' active vocabulary with proverbs, clarify the meaning and significance of each of them, and learn to apply them in speech. As a result, you can independently create a collection book “Favorite Proverbs” of students of grade 2 “B” of gymnasium No. 2,” in which to collect thematic proverbs of the Russian people and proverbs invented by students, give them an interpretation, and draw illustrations.
Project objectives:
- To diagnose the level of knowledge of proverbs in children aged 8-9 years on the basis of 2 classes of gymnasium No. 2, evaluate the results obtained, develop solutions and appropriate activities
- Learn to independently search for the necessary information using various sources, exchange information
- Develop creative abilities. Create a handwritten version of the book “Favorite Proverbs of Students of Grade 2 “B” of Gymnasium No. 2” with the author’s artistic design.
To achieve the goal, a lot of effort must be made: “You can’t even take a fish out of the pond without difficulty.”
Stages of work on the project
1. Thematic lessons with the teacher.
During these lessons, the children exchanged information they found about proverbs. We tried to formulate our own definition of a proverb and identified its main features and functions.
A proverb is a complete, generally accepted saying that allows you to briefly and accurately evaluate an action in a certain situation.
Observing proverbs, we created for ourselves the following classification:
- Proverbs of the peoples of the world
- Thematic proverbs
- Proverbs from different times
- Proverbs with literal and figurative meanings
- Proverbs with a poetic and prosaic tone
- Proverbs about proverbs
- Proverbs from different sources of origin.
2. Identify the main thematic groups of proverbs for deep learning by students.
The topics of proverbs are literally limitless. They react to all phenomena of reality, reflect the life and worldview of the people in all their diversity, they convey everyday, social, philosophical, religious, moral, ethical, aesthetic views of the people. Reading the literature on proverbs, we chose four main topics to study:
- Motherland
- Human
- Teaching, knowledge
- Work and rest
3. Each student together with their parents studied proverbs of the Russian people on the chosen topic.
4. Each student had to choose one or two proverbs and design a page of the future book (proverb, interpretation, illustration). It worked out individual mini-project.
5. Try it come up with your own proverb and design it like a page of a future book (proverb, interpretation, illustration). By studying proverbs, we learned their rules of construction. First we tried to compose in class, and then on our own. The guys were so carried away that they also involved their parents in writing.
6. Design a book of proverbs, according to the rules. We conducted extracurricular reading lessons based on the structure of the book. Together we came up with the title, the name of the publisher, and an abstract. At the same time, we decided to create a book of two main parts:
- Proverbs of the Russian people studied by students.
- Proverbs invented by students and parents.
7. Make preparations lesson presentation on the work completed.
8. Speak to students from other classes primary school gymnasium No. 2 with a thematic presentation lesson.
9. Prepare to participate in the competition “I want to become an academician.”
10. Take part in the competition and win!
Results of the project
After all these steps, we got excellent results according to the proverb “What goes around comes around.”
Teachers and parents noted the increased interest of children in proverbs, sayings and in general the way they speak. The children began to ask questions and happily came up with their own proverbs and sayings. In lessons, when constructing texts, the children began to use proverbs. Parents also told us that while watching films at home, children identified phrases in the characters’ speech that could become proverbs and sayings.
We re-tested and evaluated the results of the Smart Round of the city's polymath competition "EMU". In this round, the student could choose tasks. Each task was worth a certain number of points. The task “Grandma’s Proverbs” was worth 5 points, i.e. was included in the most difficult category. Consisted of five tasks. The results showed:
- only 50% of the participants in this round chose the question “Grandma’s proverbs.”
- Of the 100% of participants who chose this question, 53% of children gave one incorrect answer out of five problems, while only 7% of children made two errors, and 40% of children completed the task without errors.
The children learned to understand the richness, depth and wisdom of the language. We discovered new facets of the amazing world of oral folk art. And they themselves became part of this world! After all, now another wonderful book of proverbs has appeared in literature, the authors of which are children. The book contains 50 proverbs, of which 22 are original proverbs and 53 illustrations.
This suggests that our project and project activities are already producing practical results and enriching the lives of not only the students in our class, but also their friends and other school students. And we are proud of it! We also became the winners of the city competition “I want to become an academician.”
The most important thing in working on a project is its significance for the person doing it. Then everything will definitely work out!
And social studies
students of 6 "A" and 11 "L" classes
"We are in the mirror of proverbs"
Teacher of Russian language and literature,
Municipal Educational Institution Lyceum No. 1 named after. A. Blok
11th grade" href="/text/category/11_klass/" rel="bookmark">11th graders and their parents. The results of this survey will be presented today by project participants.
Our project is interactive, and therefore everyone who came to the forum will be able to take part in the study. So, what is the forum program? The first part of the forum will present a portrait of the proverb; we will learn where proverbs come from and how they live in the language. In the second part we will get acquainted with the activities and his work “Proverbs of the Russian People”. In the third, final part, the results of a sociological survey and word games with proverbs will be presented. In addition, interesting tasks await us.
So, let’s talk to the study participants.
I.Part "Look in the Mirror"
1. Portrait of a proverb (word by Amerkhanova E., student of grade 6 “A”)
It is difficult to say from what time proverbs began to circulate among the people - short oral sayings on a variety of topics. The time of the appearance of the first sayings - emotional short expressions - is also unknown. Both accompany us in everyday life. However, often these concepts are identified, for example, we say: bright proverbs and sayings, “Dictionaries of Proverbs and Sayings of the Russian Language” are published.
Let's figure out how a proverb differs from a saying. This is interesting and important, because our research is called “We are in the mirror of proverbs.” To do this, compare proverbs and sayings and draw up a portrait of the proverb.
Here's what we read in the dictionary of literary terms:
Proverb is a genre of oral folk art: common practice finished apt figurative expression applied to a variety of life situations and having an instructive meaning. Proverbs are usually rhythmically organized. Just eat and you'll live to be a hundred. Live and learn | Proverb - a genre of oral folk art: a figurative expression that has entered into everyday use and contains emotional assessment one or another phenomenon. Unlike the proverb is not a complete expression and has no instructive meaning. Can be part of a proverb, an independent phrase Not a timid one. If he takes a look, he’ll give you a ruble. |
And Vladimir Ivanovich Dal said this: “a saying is a flower, and a proverb is a berry.”
So, this is what the portrait of a proverb looks like:
1. Brevity and completeness (easily remembered and expresses a complete thought)
2. Well-known (this is a well-known folk expression that comes to mind for the occasion)
3. Wisdom (universal acceptance of the expressed truth: everyone recognizes the proverb, they do not argue with it)
4. Imagery (can be used in various life situations, a proverb is a means of imagery and expressiveness)
Now we can easily distinguish a proverb from a saying.
Game - task No. 1 (conducted by student 11 “L” class Belysheva A.)
Find proverbs among the following figurative expressions. Remember that proverbs, when used for instructive purposes, imply a rethinking of at least part of the words included in them, and in sayings each word appears in its literal meaning.
Every cricket knows its nest.
There is a time for every thing.
When they take off their heads, they don’t cry over their hair.
After the rain on Thursday.
Seven Fridays a week.
If you let a goat into the garden, you cannot protect the apple trees with fear.
Thunder won't strike - the man won't cross himself.
Come along, we'll sort it out later.
I found a scythe on a stone.
Seven miles to heaven and everything is forest.
2. Where do proverbs come from? (word from student 6 “A” class Zubkov V.)
Do you know where proverbs come from? The question of the origin of proverbs is directly related to the material and spiritual culture of the people. The secret of the origin of proverbs is hidden in them themselves. They are the result of a generalization of various life situations. And such situations arose
During historical events: An uninvited guest is worse than a Tatar.
In everyday life: The hut is not red in its corners - it is red in its pies.
From March 1832 he served as a resident at the St. Petersburg Military Land Hospital and soon became a medical celebrity in St. Petersburg. During the Russian-Turkish War, Dahl, a left-handed surgeon, performed complex operations on wounded soldiers. And during the events of the Polish campaign, he discovered his abilities as an engineer.
Dahl as a writer was glorified by "Russian Fairy Tales" …». The rector of the University of Dorpat decided to invite his former student, Doctor of Medicine Dahl, to the department of Russian literature. At the same time, the book was accepted as a dissertation with the aim of obtaining the academic degree of Doctor of Philology, but then it was rejected by the Minister of Education himself as unreliable. This happened due to a denunciation of the author of the book.
This book has been withdrawn from sale. Dahl decided to donate one of the few remaining copies. Zhukovsky had long promised to introduce them, but Dal, without waiting for him, took “Fairy Tales...” and went himself - without any recommendations - to introduce himself to Alexander Pushkin. This is how their acquaintance began. It was Pushkin who gave Dahl the idea of creating an explanatory dictionary.
gave Dahl his famous “Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish” with the caption: “Yours from yours! To the storyteller Cossack Lugansky - storyteller Alexander Pushkin.”
As a friend and doctor, Dahl was at the bedside of the mortally wounded Pushkin. Before his death, Pushkin gave V. Dahl his old ring with an emerald.
In 1859, V. Dal in Moscow devoted himself entirely to his favorite work . Even in his youth, he drew attention to the difference between the speech of educated people and the common people and began collecting popular words and expressions, trying to find out their origin.
This is my favorite pastime - learning the language of the Russian people. Dahl was a seeker and collector of words, and it was to this cause that he devoted his entire life. The result of almost fifty years of work was a collection, unique and one of a kind in terms of volume and variety of material: it included proverbs and sayings of the Russian people, tongue twisters, omens, and riddles. Dahl collected 200,000 words. Dahl's very lifestyle - constantly moving from place to place, meeting different people - helped him become a collector of words. Dahl’s excellent spiritual qualities, sociability, and versatility of interests attracted people to him. Dahl's work was positively affected by his good knowledge of modern life - after all, none of the writers of the 19th century traveled around Rus' as much as Vladimir Dal. For his great work he was awarded the Lomonosov Prize of the Academy of Sciences and the title of honorary academician
The memory of him is preserved by 2 houses: 1st - in which he was born, is located in Lugansk. The 2nd one - where I lived in recent years - is located in Moscow on Bolshaya Gruzinskaya Street. Memorial museums have been opened in these houses.
In honor of the 200th anniversary of Dahl's birth, UNESCO declared 2001 a year. A gold medal and order were established. These awards are given to famous public figures, philologists, historians and writers.
2. Dahl “Proverbs of the Russian People” (word from student 6 “A” class Lazareva S.)
From 1849 to 1859, Dahl served as manager of a specific office in Nizhny Novgorod. This city was famous for many things, but one of the most striking events here was the annual fair. This is how Dahl’s contemporaries described this fair: “For a month and 10 days the fair moves, hums, shimmers with colors. A thin, big-nosed man, Nizhny Novgorod official Dal, is walking through the fair. Doesn't buy anything. Listens to the rumble of the fair. Pulls out words, jokes, proverbs from the din - like goldfish from a pool...
At the same time as working on the dictionary, he also worked on the collection “Proverbs of the Russian People.” He copied each proverb twice on narrow strips of paper; Dahl called such strips “straps.” One “strap” - in the dictionary, as an example to explain words; was pasted in an arc into a notebook intended for collecting proverbs. collected 30130 proverbs. In Dahl's collection, proverbs are arranged by topic. Dahl is not only that he collected such a number of folk sayings (before him, collections of only 2000 proverbs were published), but also that Dahl was the first to distribute proverbs by topic (before him, proverbs in collections were arranged in alphabetical order). One hundred and eighty notebooks into which Dahl glued “straps” are one hundred and eighty topics. Among them: “Life - Death”, “Joy - Sorrow”, “Mind - Stupidity”, “Truth - Falsehood”, “Will - Bondage”, “Elements”, “Universe”, “People - World” and others.
However, without suspecting it, we use only fragments of proverbs and sayings, which in the last century every Russian person knew in their complete, unabridged form.
Here are some proverbs “in their unabridged form”:
· Mountains do not converge with mountains, but pots will collide with pots.
· Miracles in a sieve! There are a lot of holes, but nowhere to jump out.
· He ate the dog and choked on his tail.
· The morning is wiser than the evening, the grass is greener than the straw.
· It's a double-edged sword: either you give me or I give you.
· A spoon is on its way to dinner, and then at least for a bench.
· The lip is not a fool, the tongue is not a spatula: they know what is bitter and what is sweet.
In conclusion, I would like to quote words about the truthfulness and jurisdiction of the proverb: “A proverb is a short parable... it is a judgment, a sentence, a teaching, under the stamp of the people... A collection of proverbs is a body of folk, experienced wisdom... it is joy and joy, grief and consolation in faces , this is the color of the people's mind, an original state; This is everyday folk truth, a kind of law of justice, not judged by anyone.”
III.Part “The proverb is said for a reason”
1. Results of the sociological survey “Proverb in my life”
1. 1.Results of a survey of 6th graders and their parents(results presented by Zabulonova A.)
As part of our project, we conducted a sociological survey among students in our class and their parents.
Each of the respondents named their favorite proverb. It’s interesting that everyone really has their own: not a single proverb was repeated. We have compiled a rating of our favorite wise sayings by topic. Here's what we got:
Parents |
|
work – 3 doctrine - 2 intelligence, stupidity - 2 connection between phenomena- 2 family- 1 friendship– 1 Students about work: If you love to ride, you also love to carry sleds. It's warm in the sun, good in mother's presence. | Life goals– 4 Work– 2 Family - 1 Word, speech - 1 Mind, stupidity – 1 Parents about work: Business before pleasure. It's warm in a friendly family even in the cold. |
The second question for students was: “What proverb or saying addressed to you do you hear more often than others?”
For parents, this question sounded different: “What proverbs and sayings do you use when communicating with children?”
Most often, parents, when raising children, use proverbs about work - 7.
Often there are proverbs:
Time for business - time for fun.
Business before pleasure.
Whoever gets up early, God gives him.
There are also such instructions:
You can't spoil porridge with oil.
Judge not, lest ye be judged.
What sixth-graders most often hear from teachers is:
If you hurry, you will make people laugh.
Seven times measure cut once.
“The main thing is effort!” - this is what teachers call us to do . We must also remember: Learning is light and ignorance is darkness.
These were the answers of my classmates and their parents to the first 2 questions.
1.2.Results of a survey of 11th graders and their parents(the results are presented by Irina Petrova, a student of grade 11 “L”).
We conducted a sociological survey on the topic “Proverbs and sayings in my life” among 11th graders and among their parents.
By conducting a survey, we wanted to find out which proverbs and sayings students and their parents use most often in life when communicating with each other.
11 students and 10 parents participated in our survey. We found out that the students’ favorite proverbs and sayings turned out to be different. There is not a single match. By topic, proverbs about work were most often encountered, for example: You can't even pull a fish out of a pond without difficulty.
There were also such proverbs: A bad head gives no rest to your legs
In second and third place were proverbs about friendship and strength of character.
Among the parents of students, the favorite proverbs and sayings were again about work. The most popular were:
Time for business, time for fun
You won’t be able to pull the fish out of the pond without difficulty, and so on.
Proverbs about work prevailed. This is understandable, since work is the basis of human life. In addition to proverbs about work, there were proverbs about life, about friendship and others.
The students answered the second question: “What proverb or saying addressed to you do you hear most often?” Students most often hear proverbs about work from their parents:
Time for business, time for fun
Business before pleasure
In second place were proverbs about personal qualities. The third is about life. And from teachers, students most often hear proverbs about learning and work:
Live and learn
Repetition is the mother of learning
There were other proverbs
1.3.Results of a sociological survey among school teachers (represented by student of 11th “L” class Dmitrieva E.)
During the study, we conducted a sociological survey among teachers at our school.
The purpose of the survey: to find out which proverbs on which topics teachers most often use in life and which proverbs help them when communicating with students.
A total of 26 teachers were interviewed. Reading their favorite proverbs, we found out that these are proverbs about work:
You never know what you can do till you try
There is time for business, an hour for fun.
Business before pleasure.
You can’t even pull a fish out of a pond without difficulty.
But there were proverbs about friendship, honor, strength of character:
Don't have a hundred rubles, but have a hundred friends.
Tell me who your friend is, and I will tell you who you are.
Take care of your clothes again, and honor from a young age
Reading proverbs, we found out that favorites are those that characterize a person’s moral values.
Answering the second question: “What proverbs and sayings do you use at school when communicating with students?”, teachers mainly named proverbs that can be united by a common theme - work, learning. Here are the most common ones:
What goes around comes around.
Live and learn.
Repetition is the mother of learning.
Where there is intelligence, there is sense.
To whom work is a burden, joy is unknown.
But there were also these: about the power of words, personal qualities:
Don’t say I can’t, but say I will learn
Talking stupidly makes people laugh
It’s bad for someone who doesn’t do good to anyone
I wonder if you can recognize a teacher by a proverb?
There is a place for everything, there is a time for everything ().
There is an elderberry in the garden, and there is an uncle in Kyiv (Kochanova G.N.).
The eyes are afraid, but the hands are doing ()
Stop talking keep on working (Bezgodova WITH. IN.)
Business before pleasure ()
Repetition is the mother of learning ()
Laughter for no reason is a sign of something bad ()
So, as we see, the proverb is not said in vain. Summarize.
Firstly, proverbs help a person to succinctly and figuratively express his point of view, and secondly, the very choice of a particular proverb speaks about the author, his mentality, and character.
2. Word games with proverbs (word from student 6 “A” class Titova V.)
Do you like to ride
gotta try
love and pay for travel
The word is not a sparrow -
you can't catch it by the tail
You drive more quietly -
less troubles
Measure seven times
and tear it off at random
otherwise it will be great
Learning is light
and without a certificate there is no life
and ignorance is a bucket and rags
Do you like to ride
well, go for a ride
buy a sled
love to park
The word is not a sparrow -
bites painfully
flies out - bear responsibility
You drive more quietly -
you'll be richer
you will have goals
Measure seven times
and think about whether to cut
and on the eighth time you can cut
Of course, modern life and its fast pace influence our worldview. This is exactly what the author’s interpretation of the proverb reflected. But still, eternal truths remain unshakable and undeniable.
3.2. Results of the task “Come up with your own continuation of the proverb” (Answers of 11th graders are presented by Petrova I.)
The third task was creative, it was necessary to come up with your own continuation of the proverb, and therefore aroused special interest among both students and their parents. There is a joke here, a verbal game, and the same wisdom inherent in the proverb. We have chosen the most interesting, in our opinion, continuation of the proverb
For students: Learning is light, but you have to pay for light
If you love to ride, you also love to park.
The word is not a sparrow, but a set of sounds
Drive more quietly, your wig won't blow away
Measure seven times, calm down and understand that this is not enough for you
For parents: Teaching is light, and ignorance is darkness, but the brighter, the more expensive
If you love to ride, you love to pay
The word is not a sparrow, you cannot put it in a cage
If you drive more quietly, you will be healthier
Measure seven times, cut seven times
3.3. Results of the task “Come up with your own continuation of the proverb” (Teachers’ answers are presented by Dmitrieva E.)
The task “Come up with your own continuation of a famous proverb” aroused particular interest among respondents. This is where the character and creative individuality of a person manifests itself. We have selected three of the most striking sequels:
Teaching is light, and the teacher is a light bulb!
Teaching is light, but the unlearned is darkness!
Teaching is light, work is darkness, but without them you can’t go anywhere!
If you like to ride, ride, but wisely!
If you love to ride, you also love to refuel!
The word is not a sparrow, he said, so don’t be timid
A word is not a sparrow, and a chicken is not a bird!
The word is not a sparrow, but a slingshot, shoot wisely!
If you drive slower, it means you're in a traffic jam!
If you drive more quietly, you will be more alive!
If you drive more quietly, you will achieve everything!
Measure seven times, draw a conclusion once!
Measure the road you are walking on seven times!
Measure it seven times, you’ll still do it your way!
Game-task No. 3 “Collect a proverb” (conducted by 11th grade student “L” Belysheva A.)
Groups are formed from forum participants. Each group receives an envelope with proverbs with the second part “cut off”. The players' task is to collect the proverb quickly and correctly. When all participants have completed the task, a group representative reads the resulting proverbs and determines their topic.
Closing remarks from the social studies teacher
The true history of a people cannot be known without knowing oral folk art. Proverbs and sayings reflect the inner world of the Russian person, his life, way of life, traditions. “What doesn’t hurt doesn’t cry,” says the proverb. That is, the proverbs reflect everything that worried the mind and heart of the people.
The inner world of both a person and the people as a whole is life values and stereotypes of behavior in various situations.
Let's see what he, a Russian man, is like in proverbs?
We will see in proverbs about work that hard work, non-covetousness, and skill were valued above all: “It’s always a holiday for the lazy,” “Poverty is not a vice,” “You’re greeted by your clothes, but you’re greeted by your smarts.” Our ancestors always treated educated people with respect: “They give three unscientists for a scientist,” “Honor your teacher as a parent.”
There are proverbs that reflect important events in our history that directly influenced the lives of the people. What events and historical phenomena will you recognize in the following proverbs: “An unexpected guest is worse than a Tatar”, “Here’s to you, grandmother, and St. George’s Day”? Proverbs of this kind will be the topic of our future research.
Who knows, you might not become successors to the traditions of wonderful collectors and researchers of folk wisdom of the past.
Educational project on the topic "Folk proverbs, sayings"
Explanatory note.
The project is carried out over the course of a month and includes training sessions as part of the school curriculum in the subject of literary reading (4-5 hours), an optional course on the basis of project activities and independent work of schoolchildren outside the school schedule (4-6 hours). Training sessions (lessons) for the project include:
The project method often helps not only to form a certain set of knowledge, but also to awaken in children the desire for self-education and the realization of their abilities.
The implementation of the project method in practice leads to a change in the teacher’s position. From a carrier of ready-made knowledge, he turns into an organizer of cognitive, research activities of his students.
The main goals of the project are:
Identification and development of the dominant abilities of each child.
Activation of cognitive activity and creation of a motivational environment
Formation of self-education skills.
Formation of practical computer skills.
5. Replenish students' active vocabulary with proverbs and sayings.
6. Teach children to independently search for the necessary information using various sources, work in groups, exchange information, maintain a gas conversation, be able to express their point of view and justify it.
Material for teachers.
Oral folk art is characterized by a wide variety of genres. The artistic talent of the people found its expression both in large poetic genres and in such uniquely small genre forms as proverbs and sayings.
Who has the answer for all situations in life - both when you have sorrow and when you have joy? You are young, old, sick, healthy, you got a bad grade at school, you are thinking about your affairs - a proverb will immediately respond to any experience, any news, give reasonable advice, guidance, console, amuse. Proverbs and sayings were born in ancient times, probably soon after people mastered speech and developed speech. And some are reminiscent of very ancient times. Proverbs express folk experience, observations of life, of man, and the wisdom of the people. Like all works of folklore, proverbs and sayings also do not remain unchanged. Passing from mouth to mouth, they are reinterpreted and appear in a different form. So what is a proverb?(This is an apt short saying, a conclusion drawn by the people from some events or cases.)
Proverb is a work of art that contains a broad generalization and embodies it in an extremely concise form.
Proverbs usually consist of two parts: “If you do something hastily, you will do it in mockery”; “The sun paints the earth, but labor paints man.” Often these parts rhyme. “Speech cannot be said without a proverb,” they said in Rus'. Knowledge of proverbs and sayings enriches our speech.
Proverb - this is usually part of a proverb or a stable combination of words that can be called another, simpler, everyday word. For example, “chatter your teeth” - freeze, “kill a worm” - have a snack, “chase two hares” - you do a lot of things at once.
Proverbs and sayings are clots of folk wisdom, common sense, intelligence, work and everyday experience. Ushinsky writes about proverbs: “In terms of content, our proverbs are important for initial education in that they, like in a mirror, reflected Russian folk life with all its picturesque features... Folk proverbs reflected all aspects of the life of the people: home, family, field, forest, social: his needs, habits, his view of nature, of people, of the meaning of all phenomena of life.”
“But, they will note to me, isn’t it too early to introduce a child to the life of the people, when the matter is still about teaching him to read and write decently? And, indeed, it would be too early if I were talking here about critical acquaintance, but here I mean direct acquaintance, and I only wanted the child to look at objects with the childish, keen eyes of the people and express himself in an apt word, true to the spirit of the popular language ...” “The good thing about a proverb is that almost always, despite the fact that it is “shorter than a bird’s nose,” there is something that a child should understand: it represents a small mental task, completely within the capabilities of a child.” .
Accordingly, the thematic variety of proverbs is great: about the Motherland, about home and family, about work, about friendship, about intelligence and stupidity, about happiness and misfortune, about food and drink, about books and literacy, about health and illness, about the spiritual properties of people and their behavior and much more. etc.
Proverbs sharpen thought, they teach, educate, guide, and actively introduce a person to the riches of the folk language.
The basis of every proverb is a specific case, object, fact, phenomenon, etc. But this specific thing is elevated to the level of broad generalization, typicality, and therefore allows it to be applied to many similar phenomena and facts. “They are looking for mushrooms - they are scouring the forest” - this judgment conveys an everyday fact that is obvious to everyone who has ever picked mushrooms. It contains the direct meaning of the proverb: to pick a basket of mushrooms, you need to wander through the forest thoroughly! At the same time, the proverb also carries with it a figurative meaning - it applies to all those cases when they want to say that active actions are needed to achieve the desired result.
This feature of proverbs suggests the necessary approach to introducing them to younger schoolchildren: first, children are aware of the literal meaning of the proverb, and then they assimilate its figurative meaning, the broad generalization that it contains.
The outstanding Soviet methodologist, literary critic and folklorist Professor M.A. Rybnikova wrote: “The art of a speaker is to, having encountered and identified a phenomenon, incident, property, human act, characterize it with a proverb, instantly establishing a connection between a particular case and its poetic definition , expressed in the proverb: “The proverb says the word.” Skillful and quick use of proverbs and sayings testifies to resourcefulness and a sharp mind. Speaking in proverbs does not mean having a lot of them, the main thing is to be able to put them into circulation. A proverb is inserted into living speech and stands out sharply in it - stands out with a thought concentrated in an artistic image, stands out for its harmony and sonority.”
Dahl defines the content and form of a proverb as follows: “A proverb is a short saying, a teaching, more in the form of a parable, an allegory, or in the form of an everyday sentence.”
A proverb is a genre of folklore, an aphoristically condensed, figurative, grammatically and logically complete saying with an instructive meaning in a rhythmically organized form.
Proverb - a genre of folklore, a short, rhythmically organized saying common in everyday speech, interesting not only for the meaning that is directly expressed in it, but also for the meaning that arises from its application by similarity to a variety of situations and situations. “There is no smoke without fire” - everything has its own reasons: for example, if a rumor has spread, then there is some reason.
A proverb, like a fable, is “a walking, everyday, practical philosophy of the people” (Belinsky V.G.).
The expression of thought in a proverb is inextricably linked with the emotional assessment of phenomena. The rhythmic structure of proverbs is distinguished by increased clarity.
The compositional division coincides with the syntactic one: “Living life is not a field to cross.” The instructiveness of proverbs is expressed in the frequent use of generalized personal sentences with imperative forms of the verb: “Live forever, learn forever.”
Proverb - a genre of folklore, a figurative expression included in everyday speech that emotionally evaluates a phenomenon. P. is often a means of verbal characterization of a character in a literary work. Unlike a proverb, P. does not have a complete judgment: it is only a part of it. “Seven Fridays in a week” - P.: used as part of a judgment about those who deviate from their word, change their mind. “A woman has seven Fridays a week” is a proverb: it contains a complete judgment and condemns those women who find an excuse not to spin all week (in the old days there was a religious and everyday ban on working on Fridays). Many expressions that have a proverbial meaning have passed from literature into everyday speech: “From the ship to the ball” (A. Pushkin. “Eugene Onegin”), “Textbook gloss” (V. Mayakovsky. “Yubileinoe”).
Proverbs, sayings and popular expressions.
Linguistic aphorisms dating back to folklore are called proverbs and sayings.
“By proverbs, in a broad sense, we mean short folk sayings that have both a literal and figurative (figurative) plan, or only a figurative plan, and constitute a grammatically complete sentence. Yes, proverbWhatever the child enjoys, as long as he doesn’t cry , is distinguished by a double plan - literal and allegorical. On the contrary, the proverbLeopard change his spots, has only a figurative plan.”
The basis of the holistic semantic content of a proverb is not a concept, but a judgment. “A proverb in a generalized form states the properties of people or phenomena (“this is how it happens”), gives them an assessment (“this is good, and that is bad”) or prescribes a course of action (“one should or should not do such and such”).” For example, the proverb states: Away is good, but home is better; The elbow is close, but you won’t bite; One for all and all for one. A stating proverb corresponds to a certain syntactic form - a declarative sentence. Other proverbs have the nature of a prescription, advice, so they appear in the form of an incentive sentence: If you take up the tug, don’t say that it’s not strong; Strike while the iron is hot; Gruzdev called himself get in the body.
Sayings are linguistic aphorisms that are particularly succinct and, as a rule, have only a literal plan. For example: Braid - girlish beauty; In crowded but not mad; Wait and see.
The differences separating proverbs from sayings are conditional. Proverbs and sayings form a single (proverbial-proverbial) group of linguistic aphorisms, therefore, in this dictionary the difference between them is not noted.
The second group is catchphrases, i.e. “short quotations, figurative expressions, sayings of historical figures included in our speech from literary sources, names of mythological or literary characters that have become household names, figurative compressed characteristics of historical figures.” Winged expressions are, as it were, halfway to proverbs: like proverbs, they are widely used in speech, but in contrast to proverbs, the author of the aphorism is usually known. For example, catchphrases from works.
So, depending on their origin, linguistic aphorisms are divided into proverbs and sayings (come from folklore, do not have an author) and popular expressions (do not come from folklore, have an author).
Progress
1. Reading the proverb on the board: “You can’t even pull a fish out of a pond without difficulty.” Its direct meaning reflects all the preparations and expenditure of effort that are needed to get the result - to catch a fish:
1) obtain and debug tackle - a fishing rod;
2) prepare worms and bait;
3) walk to the river, find a fishing spot;
4) place a worm on the hook and watch the float;
5) skillfully cast a fishing rod;
6) hook the fish in time and pull it out so that it does not fall off the hook;
7) remove the fish from the hook and lower it into a bucket of water.
The figurative meaning of a proverb is revealed by applying it to various situations in life. For example, one girl is going to get “B’s” and “A’s”, but she herself won’t even open a book, and only does her homework somehow. Her friend looked at her and said: “You can’t even pull a fish out of the pond without difficulty.”
Children realize that the one who works works: he makes machines, cars, drives trains, plows the land, writes books. A person is paid money for his work and given a salary. Those who work better are respected more. And whoever is lazy and runs away from work is condemned by everyone. He who does not want to work often begins to live dishonestly. Laziness spoils a person.
The figurative meaning of proverbs is also understood by children by correlating one or another proverb with the content of the texts they read. For example, the proverb “If you hurry, you make people laugh” is applicable to N. Nosov’s story “On the Hill,” or more precisely, to the decision that Kotka Chizhov hastened to make when he couldn’t think of anything better than to sprinkle? an ice slide with sand so you can ride faster.
2. The teacher writes down on the board the themes of proverbs from the “Book for reading, 1st grade”: about the Motherland; about skill and hard work; about laziness and negligence; about friendship; about nature.
The teacher explains that there are a lot of proverbs on different topics, they cover the most diverse aspects of human life, nature, society, for example: “The word is not a sparrow, if it flies out, you will not catch it,” “Language will take you to Kiev,” “Houses and walls help.” , “A hut is not red in its corners, but red in its pies,” “Strike while the iron is hot,” “There is patience for every desire.”
Knowledge of proverbs and sayings enriches a person, sharpens his mind, makes him more attentive to words and language, and develops memory. Knowing proverbs and sayings, being able to use them in time and in the right way in speech to accurately express your thoughts is a big thing. All this needs to be learned.
3. Then the teacher offers the children the following work: three thematic collections of proverbs are distributed between rows; You need to read them yourself again. Then a kind of competition is arranged: one of the students in the first row reads the beginning of the proverb he has chosen (for example, “A man without a homeland...”), and another student from the second (or third) row finishes it (“... like a nightingale without a song.” ); another of the students in the new row determines which topic the proverb relates to. Finally, the teacher poses a question to the whole class about in what case it would be appropriate to use this proverb.
4. After all the proverbs from each thematic collection have been read, you can offer the children pre-prepared cards or strips of paper with proverbs written on them, for example: “Like the master, so is the work”; “If you do it hastily, you will do it out of laughter”; “Don’t sit idly by, there won’t be any boredom”; “A book is for the mind what warm rain is for sunrise”; “A mind without a book is like a bird without wings”; “He reads and flies, but understands nothing”; “Lazy Mikishka has no time for books,” etc. The student who received the card expressively reads it to the class. It is established what its meaning is and what topic it can be attributed to. The fact that among the proverbs read on the cards there will be those that can be attributed to the new topic “Book, reading” is used to show children that the topic of proverbs goes beyond the range of topics named in the reading book.
The teacher finds out how children understand the direct meaning of a particular proverb and its figurative meaning. The guys write stories based on their favorite proverbs.
5. Comparing the content of the proverb with previously read works, the main idea of which coincides with the content of the proverb, students make a generalization. For example, the proverb “United is not burdensome, but apart - at least drop it” is a conclusion that summarizes the content of two works: the fairy tale “Turnip” and Krylov’s fable “Swan, Pike and Cancer”.
6. You can invite students to illustrate their favorite proverbs.
7. The work of a generalizing nature was the compilation of a class album with a recording of proverbs classified by topic and the creation of an educational project on literary reading “The proverb is not said in vain.”
Planning the content of the educational project and the stages of its implementation
Stage 1 immersion in the project
Project topic Folk proverbs, sayings.
Age category of students: 1 class.
Fundamental question and problematic issue of the educational topic:
Why do we need proverbs today?
Can you always trust proverbs?
Didactic goals of the project:
Formation of competence in the field of independent cognitive activity, skills of independent work with large volumes of information, student understanding of the literal and figurative meaning contained in a proverb, the ability to relate the content of a proverb to a specific aspect of life and vice versa, mastery of a certain stock of proverbs, development of the ability to use proverbs and sayings in a reasonable manner in speech.
Learn to briefly express your thoughts orally and in writing.
The class receives tasks:
Choose proverbs on different topics and put them into a little book;
Come up with stories that explain the meaning of proverbs;
Illustrate a few proverbs.
Methodological tasks:
Find out what proverbs are? How is a proverb different from a saying? Where did they come from?
Who composes them? What types of proverbs are there? What do they teach?
Selecting topics for individual student research
Proverbs that my friends know. Favorite proverbs of parents.
Proverbs that are most often used by people of various professions.
What proverbs do our teachers like?
Proposing hypotheses for solving problems:
We assumed that proverbs have an answer for all occasions.
Creative project name: The proverb is not said for nothing.
Stage 2 – organization of activities
Forming groups to conduct research and determining the form for presenting the results
Discussing the work plan of students individually or in a group
Ask at home
Go to the library
Search for yourself
Use encyclopedias
It's good to think for yourself
Discussion with schoolchildren of possible sources of information, issues of copyright protection
Independent work of students in groups, discussion of each task in the group Read the material on the topic in the textbook
Used popular science literature
Conducted a survey
Sample study
We concluded
Stage 3 – implementation of activities
Independent work of groups
Students prepare a presentation on the progress report
Stage 4 – presentation
Protection of the obtained results and conclusions
Evaluating the results of the project by schoolchildren and the teacher
While working on the project, the guys learned
What is a proverb?
Genre of folklore (oral folk art).
A short saying with an instructive meaning.
A proverb is a “walking, everyday” philosophy of the people.
How is a proverb different from a saying?
A PROVERB is a complete thought.
A PROVERB is a figurative, vivid expression; it does not contain a complete thought.
We learned the favorite proverbs of parents, friends, school teachers, sports coaches and people of other professions.
Proverb
Number of elections
Place
Time for business - time for fun.
Seven do not wait for one.
If you hurry, you will make people laugh.
Seven times measure cut once.
You can’t even pull a fish out of a pond without difficulty.
Water does not run under a lying stone.
Who does not work shall not eat.
As you trample, so will you burst.
Work is not a wolf - it won’t run away into the forest.
All that glitters is not gold.
What goes around comes around.
The word is not a sparrow; if it flies out, you won’t catch it.
When I eat, I am deaf and dumb.
Don't dig a hole for someone else - you yourself will fall into it.
Business before pleasure.
A lazy person is quick-witted with excuses.
There is safety in numbers.
Don't have 100 rubles, but have 100 friends.
Chickens don’t peck money and dogs don’t eat it.
Be able to slide down the hill, be able to lift the sled.
If you like to ride, you also like to carry a sled.
If you drive more quietly, you will stay longer.
Every cloud has a silver lining.
Good is not exchanged for bad.
The game is not worth the candle.
When discussing the data obtained, we found out that it is impossible to speak Russian without knowing proverbs. Even without saying the whole proverb, we understand what it’s about
The word is not a sparrow...
Not everything is gold...
Don’t have a hundred rubles...
You drive more slowly...
We decided that we can’t always trust proverbs , because there are also such as:
It would be nice to yell, but not get your hands dirty. You can't change everything. God has many days ahead: let's work hard. And even the well-known proverb “Live forever, learn forever... ends with the words... you will die a fool.”
While working on the project, the guys came to the conclusion that proverbs are still needed today. They decorate our speech, help to express the position of the speaker; in short, Proverbs are the liveliness of the language, intelligence, and erudition of the speaker.
They have proven that proverbs are necessary in our communication.
The correct use of proverbs in speech reflects the level of education and culture of a person.
Information sources:
K. D. Ushinsky “Selected Pedagogical Works”” “Advice to parents and mentors on teaching their native language using the textbook “Native Word”.
Soviet encyclopedic dictionary.
A brief dictionary of literary terms.
V.P. Felitsyn “Russian proverbs, sayings and popular expressions”.
V.G. Goretsky “Reading lessons in first grade.”