How to hold an uraza in the month of Ramadan. About how to make the right intention for fasting What is prohibited in fasting Ramadan

In this blessed month, everyone has the best opportunity to correct their life, start it anew, cleansing their heart and mind from bad thoughts and deeds. This month is a great mercy, and only a fool will pass by without at least trying to rid himself of the burden of sins.

Everyone knows that Ramadan is also referred to as the month of fasting, a lot is said about this every year, many books and recommendations have been written for those who nevertheless decided to cleanse themselves, but have little knowledge. This month, a huge number of people rush to worship, return to the path of truth. Someone decides to fast for the first time and rises for prayer for the first time.

It is wonderful when there are people nearby who can support, teach, explain and clarify, but it is even more wonderful to know that a great reward awaits from our Creator for this kind of help from people on both sides.

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Taking this opportunity, I would like, by the will of the Almighty, to at least a little try to help someone in this blessed period in the life of the Islamic community. In order to make it easier for us to receive useful knowledge during fasting, it is easier to do good deeds, our body must be healthy, strong, resistant to difficulties, and we, in turn, must strive in every possible way to help our own body cope with these difficulties.

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The peculiarity of uraza in summer is that it falls on the longest daylight hours. So, in Kazan, believers will start fasting on June 18 at 0.57 and finish only at 20.31. Each region has its own time depending on the time of sunrise and sunset. How to properly prepare for a 20-hour abstinence?

How to eat in Urazu?

The general recommendations are as follows: after sunset, the fasting person takes a light meal, two hours before dawn - a denser meal. Since the time for breaking the fast this year is very limited - about 4.5 hours that fall at night - it is better to avoid fatty and spicy foods that can cause thirst.

Muslims who fast every year notice that it is hard in the first two days, and then the body is rebuilt. The main thing is not to fill up immediately after iftar, first eat dates, drink water, and after a while go to the main dishes.

Give preference to light meals. Photo: AiF / Aliya Sharafutdinova“If you choose the right products, then fasting is easy to observe. The main thing is to tune in, he says. Head of the Union of Muslim Women of Tatarstan Naila Ziganshina. “If a person decorates his day with good deeds, then he will be distracted from thoughts about food and the day will pass unnoticed.”

Nailya khanum advises to drink as much as the body requires during the hours of breaking the fast. Food should be balanced in composition: “We add a lot of vegetables and fruits to the diet at home, eat fish, and steam meat. Such food will not cause thirst and indigestion.

“In order to be less thirsty during fasting, you need to eat less. I, for example, do not eat during the prescribed morning meal, but only drink water. It’s easier for me to endure the post, ”says Deputy Mufti of Tatarstan Rustam Khazrat Batrov. -

“We need to pray that the Almighty eases the burden of fasting,” adds Nailya Ziganshina. - Last year, before the onset of Ramadan, it was hot, and after the collective prayer, the weather was cool for the whole month. Therefore, I wish relief to everyone who fasts!”

Uraza principles

The observance of the 30-day fast is associated with the mention in the Qur'an that in this month Allah, through the archangel Jabrail, sent down the Qur'an to the Prophet Muhammad in the form of a revelation.

“The fast was known to the Arabs even before the advent of Islam and was observed not only because of the lack of food, but had a certain religious meaning: it is possible that the Arabs knew about the healing properties of hunger, since all peoples accumulated knowledge about the human body for thousands of years. This is evidenced by the presence of fasting in all religions,” says local historian and haji Abdulla Dubin.

Why does the start time of the uraza constantly shift?

Uraza consists in complete abstinence during daylight hours from eating and chewing gum, drinking, smoking, drinking alcohol, and sexual relations. But in addition to bodily cleansing, spiritual cleansing is also needed.

“This is a chance given to each of us to ennoble our morals, overcome bad habits and lose the heavy burden of our own sins,” says Mufti of Tatarstan Kamil Samigullin. - People close to us, relatives, friends, our neighbors and acquaintances need a kind word, help and compassion. May this month become a time for rallying hearts, make us generous and sympathetic.

During the holy month of Ramadan, Muslims should not quarrel and argue, experience negative emotions, but should do pious deeds, give alms, help those in need and, of course, pay more attention to prayer. Prayer times for Tatarstan, see here.

Ask the Almighty to ease your fast. Photo: www.russianlook.com Fasting is obligatory for all Muslims over 12 years old, with the exception of those who cannot observe it for good reasons - illness, pregnancy, old age. Islam allows fasting only if it does not harm human health. The Qur'an states that the sick, the elderly, travelers, pregnant women and all those for whom fasting is a burden can postpone it until a more favorable time. For example, a traveler - until returning home, a sick person - until recovery, a pregnant or nursing mother - until the end of the period of breastfeeding.

If, for some reason, a Muslim did not fully hold the uraza, he is obliged to make up for the missed days after the end of Ramadan. For each day of fasting missed for health reasons, you can pay fidia - 200 rubles. The size of the fitr-sadaqah (almsgiving of breaking the fast) this year for Tatarstan residents is set at 100 or 500 rubles - the believer chooses how much to pay.

Allah, with all His attributes, is incomprehensible to man neither speculatively nor visually. Therefore, no one but Great And Wise Allah Who wishes everyone well, health, well-being, cannot know the true value of His commandments. One of the most important and beneficial commandments in Islam is Fast observed by Muslims in the ninth month of the lunar year. Fast- a religious rite of a special kind prescribed Allah in the Qur'an: " O those who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you, just as it is prescribed for those who were before you, perhaps you will be God-fearing!"(Quran, Sura 2, verse 183). The Almighty, addressing the believers of the whole world, informs them that He commanded them to fast, just as he commanded. Its observance to other peoples who lived before us from the time First Prophet Adam(peace be upon him). Historical facts confirm that the early Jews and Christians who observed Fasting ate once a day, then changed the rite and began to fast from midnight to noon. It is known that Moses(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) fasted for forty days. The most ancient Lent among Christians is considered to be the Great Lent before Easter: after all, Moses And Jesus Christ(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon them) with their apostles observed Him. Time passed, and the truly prescribed Fasting, like religion itself, lost its effectiveness; church ministers arbitrarily preferred other, lighter, types of fasting, such as abstaining from meat, fish, milk, etc. Fasting in Islam calls on a person sincerely and diligently to protect themselves from everything that does not comply with Shariah. He calls on believers to be God-fearing, cleanses their souls and hearts from cruelty, accustoms them to goodness, discipline, patience and obedience to Allah. Fasting equalizes all Muslims, instills in their souls a sense of universal unity, brotherhood. The one who fasts for the sake of the Almighty is imbued with sincere compassion for his poor, starving from poverty, brothers in the Faith. From a medical point of view, Fasting gives rest to the digestive system, helps to remove various toxins from the body, cures many diseases, helps people to give up bad habits, develops willpower, patience, brings peace, satisfaction, joy to the soul of the fasting person, etc. ProphetFast, heal(Reported by Ibn Sanna and Abu Naim). The best reward for a fasting person is the remission of sins. And can we neglect it or refuse it (a reward), if it comes from Merciful Allah? After all, he said Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): Ramadan at the beginning is mercy, in the middle is the remission of sins, and at the end is deliverance from fire". Believers fasting for pleasure Allah receive rewards and mercy in return Day of Judgment . Prophet Muhammad(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: Whoever fasts in the month of Ramadan with faith and contentment will receive a remission of his sin". (Text agreed). In the Holy Hadith, said Muhammad(may Allah bless and greet him), Allah speaks: " ... but Fasting is observed for the sake of Me, And I reward for Him ". Allah He gave man a body so that it would clearly, by examples, show what is in his heart and soul. The God-fearing heart of the believer reveals his physical humility, that is, the fulfillment of the commandments placed on him. One of the great examples of showing submissiveness and obedience to Allah is the observance of the Fast. After all, Fasting, unlike other foundations, is hidden from human eyes. No one sees him except Almighty Allah. Hidden within us, Fasting represents victory over the enemy. Allah because the means of Satan's influence on man are passions and desires. The purpose of the Fast is a religious practice that includes spiritual exercises that bring a person closer to to Allah. Every Muslim must protect himself from acts that violate the Fast, since they (acts, violations) are a clear act against the will Allah, neglect Islam and shamelessness before people. Prophet said: " If one of you is fasting, then he should not swear and shout. When a fasting person is scolded or attacked, he should say: I am fasting! I am fasting! ". (The text is agreed). On the Night of Power (Laylat al-Qadr) in the month of Ramadan, up to the Firmament of Heaven, to a place called "Bayt-al-Pizzat", in total was sent down Koran. Almighty said: " Truly, We sent Him down on the Night of Might"(Quran, Sura 97, verse 1). Then He descended to our Planet in parts for twenty-three years, depending on the situations and events that arose on It. On the obligation of Fasting in this month of sending down the Qur'an, it was Allah on the second Monday of the eighth month of Sha'aban, in the second year after the migration of Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) from Mecca to Medina. Almighty said: " the month of Ramadan in which it was sent down Koran as a guide for people and as an explanation of the Direct Path and entertainment (good and evil), - and who among you finds this Month, let him spend it in Lent ..."(Quran, Sura 2, verse 185). Fast the month of Ramadan is one of the five pillars of Islam: Fasting this month is obligatory for every Muslim and Muslim woman. Those Muslims who consciously refute the obligatory observance of Fasting in the month of Ramadan, regardless of whether they fast or not, are considered apostates. Muslims who do not refute the obligation of Fasting, but do not fast without good reason, are considered wicked and earn huge sin and anger Great Allah Abu Hurayrah narrated that Prophet Muhammad And the one who breaks the Fast on at least one of the days of Ramadan without a good reason allowed by Allah will not be able to compensate Him, even if he then fasts for a whole century"The reliability of the onset of the month of Ramadan is confirmed in two cases: The first is the vision of the young month of the new moon on the thirtieth night of the month of Sha" Haban by at least one full, fair witness. The second is the completion of Sha "aban up to thirty days - and this is in the event that it is not possible to see the young month of Ramadan due to any reason. The words Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): Fast when you see him (young month of Ramadan) and stop when you see him (young month of Ramadan); and if it is hidden from you (due to bad weather), complete Sha "aban up to thirty days"(Narrated by Bukhari and Muslim). The time of the appearance of the new month may be different in different countries, since the Earth has a round shape. In each country, the young month can be seen at its own time depending on its location. On this occasion, Muslim, transmitted the words of Qutaib. Qutaib said: " The Fast of Ramadan came for me while I was in Damascus; I saw the young moon on Friday night, then I moved to Medina at the end of the month. Ibn Abbas asked me, "When did you see the new moon?" I replied, "We saw it on Friday night." Ibn Abbas said: "Did you see him?" I replied, "Yes, and the people saw him and fasted, and Mu'awiyah fasted with them." Ibn Abbas said: "We all saw him on the night of Saturday. And we continue to fast until the end of thirty days or until we see him." I said, "Isn't Mu'awiya's testimony and his Fast enough?" Ibn Abbas replied: “No, our Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) ordered us to do so.". Believers should not start Fasting at the same time, except for countries close to each other, or countries located on the same longitude. What if the young crescent is hidden from us on the night of 29 to 30 Shaban because for any reason? The best solution, as said Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) is to extend the month of Sha "aban to thirty days:" ... and if it is hidden from you, complete Sha "aban up to thirty days"In case of unclear weather and some complications arising from objective reasons, astronomical calculations are taken into account in determining the beginning of the month of Ramadan. It is known that the wise Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) advised people depending on their level of literacy. Talking to ordinary people. He advised counting thirty days of Sha'aban if it is difficult to see the young month. And speaking with literate people, He advised them to calculate the onset of Ramadan by the phases of the moon. Ibn Omar said: " I heard that Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "Fast when you see it (the young month of Ramadan) and stop Fasting when you see it (the young month of Shawwal), but if you cannot see it, calculate it". Modern astronomers can calculate all the figures associated with the lunar year and the orbit of the Moon, the exact time of its disappearance and appearance. Therefore, a person who has not seen the young month due to any reason can determine the beginning and end of Lent by contacting competent This area to persons. To reliably confirm the appearance of the new month of Ramadan, the testimony of one person is sufficient. Reporting the appearance of the new month, of course, must be a true Muslim, whose testimony is undoubtedly accepted by everyone. To determine the day of the fasting in the month of Ramadan, the testimony of one witness is sufficient, and for its termination, the testimony of at least two prudent, sane witnesses who saw the young month of Shawwal is required without fail.

1. Entry into Islam : Fasting is not obligatory for apostates and blasphemers as long as they ignore Islam. Their post makes no sense and is not accepted Allah until they believe Him. The above does not mean at all that they remain without punishment. Allah severely punishes them for apostasy and non-fulfillment of the foundations and commandments of Islam.

2. Coming of age : The age of majority for different peoples may be different depending on climatic conditions, etc. In Islam, coming of age means the appearance of two signs in a person:

A) in men - the first wet dream,

b) in women, the first discharge.

The absence of these signs removes responsibility for non-fulfillment of the obligatory Fast. Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: Interrupted recording of three: sleeping - until he wakes up, a teenager - until he reaches puberty, and insane - until he becomes sane". (Reported by Abu Dawood).

3. Wholesomeness and soundness of mind : Fasting is obligatory for those people who are of sound mind and are aware of their actions. Those who suffer from insanity, lack of intelligence, schizophrenia (in the period of exacerbation), and those who are unable to control their actions, do not bear the blame for non-observance of the Fast.

4. Having health and strength to keep the Fast : One of the obligatory requirements of the Fast is the presence of health and strength for its observance. Sick, suffering from a serious illness, as well as elderly, infirm people, from whom Fasting takes away health and strength, are not forced to fast if they are allowed by a truthful doctor. Almighty said: " Does not assign Allah per soul is nothing but what is possible for her"(Quran, Sura 2, verse 286).

1. Intention : This is an inner desire to observe the obligatory Fasting of Ramadan. The source of intention is the heart. Speaking intention with the tongue is not mandatory, but is considered a highly desirable act. Evidence of the obligatory intention are the words Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): Indeed, actions depend on their intention."(Reported by Bukhari and Muslim). If the intention is to observe the obligatory Fast, then the following conditions must be taken into account:

A) Whoever wants to fast must have an intention at night for the coming day, before the first dawn. If it so happened that at night the desire to observe the obligatory Fast was absent due to any reasons, then the Fast in this case is not counted. This is evidenced by the words Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): "" The one who did not indicate the Fast before the first dawn, his Fast is not valid"(Reported by Addara-Kutni);

b) whoever wants to keep the Fast must emphasize His category. For example: I'm for Allah I intend tomorrow on the day of Ramadan to observe the obligatory Fast of the month of Ramadan this year. If there is a desire to Fast without specifying the year, month, day, then the intention in this case becomes invalid.

V) Those who wish to fast must say their intention on every night of the month of Ramadan, since each of the days of Ramadan is a separate service to Allah and requires a separate effort. The intention of a desirable Fast, unlike a mandatory one, can be observed freely, without prior explanations and conditions. For example: " I intend to fast tomorrow for the sake of Allah ". In some cases, the intention in the desired Fast is allowed even after the first dawn in the morning, if before it no actions were committed that violated the Fast. Evidence of this is the story Aisha(May Allah be pleased with her): Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) once said: Do you have food?" She said, "No," He said, "In that case, I'll fast". (Reported by Addara-Kutni).

2. Abstinence from actions that interrupt the Fast from the beginning of the first dawn to the full sunset. A person seeking to fast for the sake of Allah, must necessarily refrain from all actions and deeds that contribute to His (Lent) interruption. If there was no refraining from actions that break the Fast due to any reason, then He (the Fast) becomes invalid. The period of abstinence from an action that violates the Fast is considered the time from the first dawn to the full sunset. Almighty said: " Eat and drink until you see a white thread (the gray thread of the morning dawn) and a black thread (blackness of the night) at dawn, then fast until the evening (before sunset)"(Quran, Sura 2, verse 187). In this verse, the thread means the barely noticeable light of the first dawn and the darkness of the night. Fasting people are allowed in the evening after the full sunset of everything that was forbidden after the barely noticeable, gray thread of the first dawn.

3. Cognition beginning and end of the day. One of the most basic requirements for observing the Fast is knowing the beginning and end of the day for those who began observing the obligatory Fast after a barely noticeable morning dawn or interrupted the Fast before full sunset - their Fast is considered invalid. In territories where the length of the night or day lasts up to twenty-three hours a day, or where the day or night constantly lasts for several months, as well as in countries where there are no dawn and sunset, which are distinguished by distinctive features, the beginning of Lent must be observed like the Fast of the neighboring countries, where the day is different from the night

1. Break the Fast all the that consciously enters the insides (the emptiness of a person) through the mouth, nose, ears, eyes, shameful organs. For example: food, any liquids, water, smoking, bowel lavage, sexual intimacy, any injections in the stomach, lungs, head, injections with a nutrient composition into the muscle and vein, the use of ear, nasal, eye drops; the introduction of something into the nose, throat, ears, pudendal organs; swallowing along with saliva blood, food debris in the form of crumbs, sputum, etc. According to some theologians of the Shafi'i persuasion, medicinal injections into the muscle or into the vein invalidate the Fast. They come from words Ibn Abbas: " Verily, breaking the fast is in what has entered (into the body), and not in what has left (out of the body)". Accidental erroneous actions committed by a fasting person against his will or out of forgetfulness (such as eating, drinking, etc.) do not break the Fast and do not require expiatory actions. Messenger of Allah said: " If someone ate and drank, forgetting that he is fasting, then his Fast remains valid, as he was fed and watered by Himself Allah ". (The text is agreed). Whoever eats, drinks, etc., as soon as he remembers that he is in the Fast, should immediately refrain from doing it by accident or by mistake and continue his Fast further.

2. Breaks the Fast deliberate vomiting, even if the fasting person is sure that some of the vomiting has not returned back to the body. If the fasting person could not prevent vomiting and vomited regardless of his desire, then the Fast is not considered violated, even if part of the vomiting returns to the body. Messenger of Allah said: " He who has overcome vomiting - and he is in the Fast - he is not obliged to compensate Him, and if he caused vomiting, let him compensate". (Reported Hadith by Abu Dawood Tirmizi and others).

3. Breaks the Fast conscious sexual rapprochement during the day during the Fast, regardless of whether there was an allocation or not, if the fasting person, completely forgetting that he is in the Fast, committed copulation, then his Fast is recognized as unbroken. Messenger of Allah said: " Allah removed the sin of my people for error and forgetfulness". (Authentic Hadith narrated by At-tabarani).

4. Interrupted Post ejaculation by means of something, no matter how it happened. Spontaneous emission of semen during kissing, stroking, looking at women, men, etc. also invalidates the Fast, except for occasional eruptions without desire and wet dreams during sleep. During the day, during the observance of the Fast, actions and deeds that lead to the excitation of a person’s sexual feelings are also prohibited.

5. Interrupted Fasting in the event that insanity occurred during the day during Lent, even for a moment.

6. Breaking the Fast when signs of monthly and postpartum discharge appear (in the afternoon, during Lent), even if this happened at the last moment before sunset. Women do not have the right to observe the Fast until the moment of complete cleansing from secretions. The missed Fast due to allocations must be played immediately after the completion of the obligatory Fast of the month of Ramadan. On this matter it is said Aishoy We had menstruation in the presence of the Messenger (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), then we were cleansed, and it was commanded for us to reproduce the interrupted Fast and it was not commanded to reproduce the ritual prayer". If the Fast were considered valid at the time of the allocations, there would be no action to reproduce it.

7. Breaks the Fast renunciation of the Faith by word, deed, persuasion, deliberate refusal, etc., that is, by doing everything that can tempt a Muslim to fall away from Islam. Almighty said: " And if one of you falls away from your religion and dies an infidel, for such - their deeds in the near and future life are in vain!". Fasting and all the good deeds of those people who have fallen away from the True Faith are in vain, not accepted Allah until they repent and return to Her.

8. Breaking the Fast , if the fasting person lost consciousness for the whole fasting day and did not come to his senses, at least for a moment from the beginning of the first dawn until the sun was completely squeezed.

9. Break the Fast (according to some theologians) with obscene behavior and deeds. Based on sayings Prophet of Allah, all organs of our body must observe Fasting. We should not be slaves to our feelings, passions, desires, habits, etc. handed over Jabir from Anas: "The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) truly said: “Five deeds break the Fast: lying, gossip, slander (denunciation), a false oath, a lustful look". Each of the fasting should know that his ears are obliged not to listen to obscenities, his eyes not to see what is forbidden, his tongue not to utter lies, slander, gossip, slander, obscenities, to give false oaths: hands, feet and other parts and organs bodies - not to go where it is impossible, and not to commit a sin.All organs of our body must observe Fasting, not being tempted by whims, passions.

10. Fasts interrupted due to intentional eating, drinking, putting something into the void of a person, deliberate vomiting, female bleeding, male defilement, loss of consciousness, etc., must be compensated until the new month of Ramadan. Otherwise, in addition to the reimbursement of the Fast, you need to pay a ransom (feed the poor), which will be discussed below.

1. Timely breaking the fast . It is most preferable that a person immediately after sunset eat dates or drink water, then perform evening prayer, and after prayer continue to eat light plant foods. Narrated (Bukhari and Muslim) about Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): When He fasted. He did not start evening prayer until a ripe date or water was brought to eat or drink, but in winter He did not start evening prayer until a dry date or water was brought.".

2. Eating the last time before the onset of the day's Fast, before the first dawn, is considered a desirable act, confirmed by the saying of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): "True - postponing eating until the time of the first dawn." (From the tradition of the Messengers) - Ibn Habban narrated in his original. Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: Eat (suhoor) before the first dawn, indeed, in (suhoor) eating before the first dawn is a blessing". (Reported by Bukhari and Muslim).

3. Highly desirable start a conversation with a name Allah and a plea for acceptance of the observed Fast. breaking the fast, Messenger of Allah said: " Oh, my Allah, for the sake of You I fasted. yours I broke my fast with food; my thirst is gone, and my veins are filled with moisture, and let me pay my due, if it pleases to Allah ". (Abu Dawood told about this).

4. Desirable act it is considered to start breaking the fast together with others: after all, having fed them, he (the feeder) receives a reward like the Fast of the fed. This is confirmed by the words Messenger of Allah: "Whoever feeds a fasting person, he will receive a reward similar to him (the fed one), without subtracting anything from the reward of the fasting"(Reported and confirmed by at-Tirmidhi). During the Fast, it is very desirable to do good deeds, invite each other to visit, organize breaking the fast in places where the needy live.

5. Desirable during Lent abundance of alms, Alms, doing good and good deeds, helping the needy, visiting the sick, the elderly, reading the Koran, studying religion, visiting the Mosque, etc., Anas(May Allah be pleased with him) said: It was said: O Messenger Allah,what charity is the best? He said: " Almsgiving in Ramadan ". (Narrated at-Tirmidhi).

1. Sick Anyone suffering from any serious illness, with the permission of a truthful doctor, is released from the Fast on the condition:

A) if Fasting negatively affects the patient and his illness;

b) if Fasting opposes the treatment of the sick;

V) if the patient feels severe pain while observing the Fast. It is forbidden to observe the Fast in the event that the disease adversely affects the patient's body.

2. Wayfarer who walks or rides on any form of transport, at any time of his journey, has the right to observe or not observe the Fast. Fasting while traveling is preferable. The conditions exempting from Fasting while traveling are:

A) so that the journey is long (at least 83 km.);

b) so that the journey takes a whole fasting day;

V) so that the journey is sinless, has good intentions, approved by Shariah;

G) so that the journey was started before the start of the fasting day. Almighty said: " ... and who among you is sick or on the way, then - the number of other days"(Quran, Sura 2, verse 184).

3. Weak old man is released from the Fast if he is unable to keep it. Almighty said: " Allah does not impose on the soul anything other than what is possible for it."(Quran, Sura 2, verse 286). The missed Fasts of the elder must be atoned for by feeding the poor for each missed day.

4. Pregnant woman A woman who is carrying a child and a woman who is breastfeeding a child are exempt from Fasting if Fasting harms them or their children. Anas al-Kaabi (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: Truly Almighty Allah removed from the traveler Fasting and part of the prayer, and from the pregnant and breastfeeding - Fasting". (Reported at-Tirmidhi, Abu Dawood and others).

1. Anyone who missed the obligatory Fast of the month of Ramadan due to illness or travel must make up for it before the arrival of the new month of Ramadan. If the missed Fasts are not made up before the arrival of a new month, then the offender earns a sin. And he will have, in addition to compensation, to feed the poor for every missed day. The penalty for late repayment of the Fast increases with the increase in non-reimbursement, that is, it (the penalty) increases and repeats with the increase in unreimbursed years. For example, if one of you decided to make up for the missed one day of Lent five years ago, then he must, in addition to making up for it, feed one poor person in the first year, two in the second, three in the third, etc., in total 1+2+3+4+5=15 the poor. The poor should be fed with frequently consumed food, the amount of which should not be less than one mudd (600 grams). If it so happened that the illness lasted until the advent of the new month of Ramadan and the patient could not make up for the missed Fast, then he is obliged to make up for it when he recovers. In this case, he shall not be penalized for late compensation of the obligatory Fast. If the sick person died without repaying the Fast due to the duration of the illness, then sin does not apply to him. If the deceased during his lifetime, having the opportunity, did not compensate for the missed Fast due to negligence, then close relatives, if desired, can compensate for the missed Fast of the deceased. From Aisha(May Allah be pleased with her): Truly Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Instead of the one who died, leaving an unrepaid debt of the Fast, his relatives fast"(Reported by al-Bukhari and Muslim). According to the theologians, the missed Fast of the deceased can be compensated by anyone if any of the relatives of the deceased wishes it. Without the permission of the relatives or the will of the deceased, people of unrelated origin do not have the right to compensate for the missed fasts of the deceased. If none of the relatives and friends made up for the missed Posts of the deceased, then the deceased’s inheritance must be charged a fine for untimely reimbursement of the obligatory Post.If the deceased did not leave behind an inheritance, then anyone who shows a desire can reimburse the fine. Ibn Omar(May Allah be pleased with him) said: Whoever died with the debt of the Fast of the month of Ramadan, let them feed on his behalf in return for each missed day of the poor". (Reported by at-Tirmidhi)

2. Anyone who missed the obligatory Fast due to extreme old age is obliged to pay a ransom (distribute Alms) in the amount of one mudd (600 gr). frequently consumed food for each non-observed Fast. Posts not observed due to extreme old age are not reimbursed by anyone and are not subject to an increasing fine. Almighty said: " For those who can fast (with difficulty), a ransom has been appointed to feed the hungry"(Quran, Sura 2, verse 184). Those who are allowed to buy off their Fasting by Alms include those who are sick with no hope of recovery. 3. Women who missed Lent due to pregnancy and breastfeeding are required to observe the following:

A) if a woman missed the Fast, fearing to harm her body, then she is obliged to compensate for the missed Fast before the new month of Ramadan;

b) if a woman missed the Fast, fearing to harm the child who she is breastfeeding or carrying in the womb (mother), then she is obliged to compensate for the missed Fasts and pay a ransom in the amount of one mudd (600 g) of frequently consumed food for each missed day.

Anyone who consciously interrupted the Fast while observing the obligatory Fast, having committed copulation, earns a huge sin. The transgression he committed by intercourse, along with reparation, requires redemptive actions. Expiatory actions in this case consist in the release of a slave or a slave, and if they are not, then in the continuous observance of the expiatory Fast for two consecutive months without a single pass. If at least one day was interrupted in the expiatory two-month Fast, then the expiatory Fast must be repeated again. Those who are not at all able, for good reasons, to observe the two-month expiatory Fast are obliged to feed sixty destitute Muslims with frequently consumed food in the amount of one mudd (600 gr.). These redemptive actions are not assigned to the female sex. Those who are not able to atone for sins in the above ways should do them when they are able. Each Fast interrupted by a transgression requires a separate compensation and a separate expiatory action. For example, if three fasting days of the month of Ramadan are interrupted by copulation, then in this case it is necessary to compensate them before the arrival of the new month of Ramadan and perform expiatory actions for each interrupted day separately. Expiatory actions are not assigned to the female sex, as well as in the following cases:

A) if the fasting person has copulated, forgetting that he is in the Fast;

b) if the fasting person did not know about the prohibition of copulation during fasting;

V) if the fasting person committed copulation during a journey approved by the Shari'ah;

G) if the fasting person has copulated while in the desired Fast;

e) if the fasting interrupted the Fast before copulation.

Almighty said: " Whoever comes with a good deed, for him - ten like him ..."(Quran, Sura 6, verse 160). In addition to the obligatory Fasting, it is very preferable for a Muslim to observe desirable Fastings that contribute to the improvement of faith, strengthen the body, systematically saturate the body and soul with piety, further bring us closer to Allah

1. It is advisable to comply the six-day Fast of the month of Shawwal (the 10th month of the lunar calendar) after the feast of the completion of the Fast of the month of Ramadan. From Ibn Ayub(May Allah be pleased with him): One who fasted during Ramadan and then continued the six days of Shawwal as if he had fasted for a whole century (year)"- Narrated Muslim. For any of our goodness, ten times more is rewarded, i.e. Fasting in the month of Ramadan is equal to ten months, and six additional days of Shawwal are equal to two months. Taken together, it is equal to 12 months. The six-day Fast is allowed to be observed intermittently during month of Shawwal.

2. It is advisable to comply Fasting the ninth Zul Hijj (the twelfth month of the lunar calendar) on the day of Arafah is for those who do not make the Pilgrimage. Abi Qatadata(may Allah be pleased with him): said: " asked Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) on the Fast of Arafah, He replied: "(Fasting on the day of Arafah) atones for the sins of the past and next years". (Reported by Muslim).

3. It is advisable to comply Fasting on the day of Ashura "a and Tasua" a. These are the tenth and ninth days of the month of Muharram (the first month of the lunar calendar). This is evidenced by the fact that Ibn Abbas(May Allah be pleased with him): Truly Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) fasted on the day of Ashura and commanded that they fast on it"(narrated by al-Bukhari). The wisdom of observing the Fast on the day of Tasua" and together with Ashura "a is not to be like the Jews. The Jews observe the day of Ashura" and therefore it is preferable to observe the Fast together with Ashura "a and the ninth preceding or the eleventh following day, the day of Ashura "a.

4. It is advisable to comply Fasting on Mondays and Thursdays. From Aishi(May Allah be pleased with her) she said: Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) preferred to fast on Monday and Thursday". (Narrated at-Tirmidhi).

5. It is advisable to comply Fasting monthly three full moon days: 13th, 14th, 15th days of the lunar month. The words Abu Zarra(May Allah be pleased with him) reported: commanded us Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) fast in each month for three days of the full moon - the 13th, 14th, 15th, and said: "They are like the Fast of the century (year)- Narrated an-Nasai and confirmed Ibn-Abbas.

6. It is advisable to carry out in Lent for most of the month of Sha "aban (8th month of the Lunar calendar): " Messenger of Allah fasted most of the month of Sha "haban. (Text agreed).

7. Based on reliable sources and statements Muhammad(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), it is also recommended (for those who are able) to fast Prophet Dawood(peace be upon him). It is known that He fasted every other day. Desirable Fasts, unlike obligatory ones, can be interrupted if the fasting person expresses a desire to do so.

P the condemned Fast is the Fast, the non-observance of which we earn a reward. The one who observes the condemned Fast does not earn reward and does not receive punishment. Man is a slave Allah and he must follow His will, since unauthorized interference can lead to unpleasant and fruitless consequences.

1. Rebuked It is Islam to allocate a separate Friday day by observance of a voluntary Fast. It is essential to combine it with Thursday or Saturday. Evidence for this is that the al-Bukhari And Muslim: True Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: Do not fast on Friday (separately) except by combining Him with the day before Him or the day after Him".

2. Rebuked to single out Saturday or Sunday separately by observing voluntary Fasting, since the Jews exalt the Sabbath, and the Christians exalt Sunday. The evidence for this is that at-Tirmizi: "Truly Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "Do not fast on the Sabbath except what is prescribed for you. Allah ". Theologians do not condemn the observance of these two days in the union, since Jews and Christians do not exalt them collectively.

3. Rebuked spend a whole year in the Fast without breaks for those who fear harming themselves, or for those who need his guardianship. After all, it is said prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him): There is no Fasting for one who fasts constantly"(Reported by al-Bukhari, Muslim and others). Anyone who is confident in his abilities has the right to fast constantly (except for forbidden days), since it is one of the best types of worship.

Z fasting is considered forbidden, the observance of which we earn sin.

1. Forbidden observance of Fasting on the feast of the end of the Fasting month - Ramadan and on the feast of sacrifice to Allah celebrated by Muslims on the 10th Dhul Hijj. This is evidenced by the fact that Muslim from Abi Hurayrata(May Allah be pleased with him): Truly Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) forbade Fasting two days: the Day of Sacrifice and the Day of Completion of the Fast".

2. Forbidden fasting for three days is the 11th, 12th, 13th days following the day of the sacrifice of the 10th Zul Hijj Omar Ibn Al-Ass(may Allah be pleased with him). He said: " These are the days in which he commanded us Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) to break the fast and forbade us to fast in them". Said Malik: "These are the days following the day of sacrifice".

3. Forbidden fasting on a doubtful day. The 30th day of the month of Sha "haban (8th month of the lunar calendar), preceding the Holy month of Ramadan, is considered a doubtful day. Confirmation of the prohibition of Fasting on this day is that Abu Dawood from Omar Ibn Yasser(May Allah be pleased with him) from Messenger(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) he said: Whoever fasted on a day that people doubted, verily, he disobeyed Prophet ".

4. Forbidden fast in the second half of the month of Sha "aban for those who did not fast in the first half. That is, you cannot meet the Holy Month of Ramadan with Fasting in the few days preceding it. Confirmation of this is what Abu Dawood transmitted from Abu Hurairat (yes the bucet is pleased them Allah): "Verily, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said; " When Sha "aban reaches half, do not fast".

5. Proceeding from Suna Muhammad(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him), it is forbidden for women to observe desirable Fasts in the presence of their husband without his permission. If the husband is absent, then she has the right to observe them, regardless of whether he allows it to her or not. Obligatory Fasting, unlike the desirable one, must be observed without the consent of the husband, since this is a command prescribed by Allah.

M altar, distributed to the needy on the occasion of the completion of the obligatory Fast of the month of Ramadan, is obligatory for every person, regardless of his age and gender. It cleanses the body and soul from the errors that have arisen during observance of the obligatory Fast. Ibn Omar(May Allah be pleased with him) said: "Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) obligated people to give Alms on the occasion of the completion of the Fast of the month of Ramadan with a measure of one sa "a (a measure of loose bodies equal to three liters) with dates or barley - to every free or unfree (slave), regardless of whether he is male or female, young or old, but from among the Muslims". (Reported by Bukhari and Muslim). The conditions for the obligatory nature of Alms are:

A) Finding in Islam. Almsgiving on the occasion of the completion of the Fast becomes obligatory only for those people who are considered Muslims.

b) Sunset on the last day of the month of Ramadan. The payment of Alms becomes obligatory with the onset of sunset on the last day of the month of Ramadan. Some theologians consider it necessary that the first dawn of the feast day should come.

3. Availability a frequently used food product for the payment of Alms in the amount of one sa "a. Guardians or close relatives should take care of the unmistakable performance of Alms by their loved ones. Alms on the occasion of the completion of the Fast must be paid along with the intention, i.e. when paying Alms, you must have an inner desire, which you give some part of your property precisely as obligatory Alms, and not something else.The payment of Alms should take place on your own behalf and on behalf of those people who are under the guardianship of the one paid.The term for the payment of Alms, according to theologians, begins with the beginning of Lent. It is possible to pay Alms even during the whole month of Ramadan. The best time to pay Alms is from the first dawn of the holiday until the time of the holiday prayer. Alms must find its owner. It must be paid to the poor, orphans, etc. - to all those Muslims, who need it. Almighty said: " Alms - only for the poor, beggars working on it (persons engaged in the distribution of Alms) - those whose hearts are attracted to the ransom of slaves, debtors, on the way Allah, travelers, - by order Allah. Allah is Knowing, Wise! "(Quran, Sura 9, verse 60). Alms cannot be transferred from one region to another as long as there are Muslims in need in this region. Anyone who could not pay Alms on time for a good reason must do it at the first It is forbidden to postpone the payment of Alms until the end of the holiday. It is also forbidden to pay Alms with poor-quality or less used food. Some theologians allow the payment of Alms in money when those in need desire it. Details about the payment of Alms will be described in the next special chapter.

B pious sojourn should be observed by believers by solitude in the Mosque with the full intention of approaching to Allah. Islam considers pious sojourn to be lawful, evidence of this is the words Almighty: "And do not touch them when you are godly in places of worship."(Quran, Sura 2, verse 187). A pious stay was also the statute of the ancient commandments sent down Prophets before Muhammad(peace and blessings of Allah be upon him). Almighty said: " And we told Ibrahim And Ismail: "Cleanse My House (from filth) for those who make the rounds, and stay, and bow down, and prostrate!"(Quran, Sura 2, verse 125). By observing a pious stay, a person breaks away from everything worldly, retires completely, giving himself to Allah. In solitude, he purifies the heart and soul, cultivating piety and humility in them, in return receiving the forgiveness of sins. Pious stay is divided into three types:

A) desirable;

b) very desirable;

V) mandatory.

AND it is advisable to observe a pious stay at any time of the year in order to approach to Allah. It is highly desirable to observe a pious stay at the end of the month of Ramadan. Bukhari And Muslim handed over from Aishi(May Allah be pleased with her): Truly Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) remained pious in the last ten days of Ramadan. Then his wives stayed". The wisdom of a pious stay in the last days of Ramadan lies in the expectation of the Night of Power. The Night of Power, according to the definition of theologians, can supposedly occur in the last 10 days, more precisely: on 21.23.25, 27 or 29 of the month of Ramadan. It is very desirable to spend these special nights staying in places of worship, observing prayers, reading the Qur'an, remembering Allah as much as possible, asking for forgiveness of sins, etc. From Abi Hurayrata: " Truly Messenger of Allah(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "To the one who spends the Night of Power with faith and resignation, Allah forgives the past". For the service and good done on This Night, Allah blesses and rewards better than in thousands of months in which there is no Night of Power. Almighty said: " Night of Power is better than a thousand months"(Quran, Sura 97, verse 3). A pious stay becomes obligatory if a person prescribes it to himself as a vow. He who has vowed that he will be in the Mosque for a certain period has no right to leave it Necessity is considered to go out for the discharge of natural needs, bathing, ablution, etc. If the observant interrupted the stay promised to him without a good reason, then he must start it again.

A) Renunciation of Islam, drinking alcohol, insanity.

b) Conscious sexual rapprochement (even if there was no selection). The Almighty said: "And do not touch them when you piously stay in places of worship."

V) Intentionally leaving the Mosque without a valid reason is not necessary.

G) The appearance of various types of bleeding in women.

AND desirable deeds of pious abiding:

A) It is advisable during a pious stay to read the Koran as much as possible, remember Allah, study Islam, etc.

b) It is advisable to observe Fasting, as it helps to extinguish inner feelings, passions, desires, etc.

V) It is desirable that the observance of pious solitude takes place in the Mosque, where the Friday ritual prayer is performed.

4. Desirable so that the one who observes solitude speaks only good, fair, avoiding foul language. He who observes a pious stay has the right to comb and cut his hair, cut his nails, wash his body, use incense, put on and change clothes. He has the right to go out for the administration of natural needs, go out to eat food if it is not brought to him. It is undesirable to do any mundane work while staying in the Mosque (such as buying or selling anything, sewing, knitting, etc.). At the words of one who observes pious sojourn. Anyone who decides to observe a pious stay in places of worship must take into account the following conditions:

1. Intention : the possession of an inner (spiritual) desire to be in the Mosque for a certain time in order to worship and bring oneself closer to Allah Almighty, realizing the Sunnat of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).

2. Length of stay : the usual period of a pious sojourn is the period that has received the general recognition of believers in a given Mosque, in which this or that Muslim stays.

The head of the department of the Dagwat, Niyaz Hazrat Sabirov, visited the journalist of the site "Islamic portal" about the month of Ramadan and informed about the conditions of fasting, what actions are prohibited and allowed during the fast, and what should be the intention of Muslims after breaking the fast.

-Niyaz hazrat, what does the month of Ramadan mean?

– The month of Ramadan is the month of forgiveness and mercy, mutual help and support, abundance and prosperity, and more rewards are given for worship performed in this month than for worship performed in any other month of the year.

The Holy Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said : "If people knew all the virtues of the month of Ramadan, they would wish that it lasted a whole year"(Imam Tabarani, Baykhaki).

Fasting in the month of Ramadan is one of the pillars of Islam, i.e. one of the duties assigned to every Muslim by Allah Almighty. The Noble Quran says: “O you who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you, just as it was prescribed for those who were before you, maybe you will be God-fearing ”(Sura Bakara, 183 verses).

Fasting (saum) in Arabic means "abstinence". Fasting is not only abstaining from food and drink, but also abstaining from sins committed by the tongue and other parts of the body. You should not speak badly about anyone, do bad deeds, but, on the contrary, this month you should try to do as much good as possible.

The venerable Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “If one of you is fasting, then let him not swear or make noise. And if someone offends him, then let him say: “Truly, I fast” (Muslim). “Whoever fasts in the month of Ramadan with sincere faith and hope to achieve the reward of Allah, then all his past sins will be forgiven” (Bukhari, Muslim).

When will this Holy month begin?

– Based on the decision of the Ulema Council of the DUM RT, the start of the holy month of Ramadan in 2018 falls on May 16, and the first tarawih prayer will be performed on May 15, this prayer will be performed in the mosques of Tatarstan in the amount of 20 rak'ahs.

-What is the amount of sadaqah set for this year?

– For the payment of zakat, the Ulema Council set the amount of nisab - 210,000 rubles (for gold). For the payment of fitr-sadaq, the amount of nisab is set - 18,000 rubles (for silver), the size of fitr-sadaq (zakat al-fitr - alms of breaking the fast) - 100 rubles for barley, and 600 rubles for raisins. The choice of the size of the sadaqa remains with the payer.

As an atonement for the impossibility of fasting for health reasons and if it is impossible to make up for it on another day, a fidia was established - for each missed day at least 200 rubles. In case of inability to pay this amount, its obligation decreases

-Tell me, please, what are the conditions for the obligatory conditions of fasting?

-The first and most basic condition of fasting is that every Muslim must observe it from the beginning to the end of the month. Second, the fasting person must be of legal age and of sound mind. And thirdly, to be able to fast and be at home.

Who can not fast during the month of Ramadan?

- It is not necessary for a child, an insane person, and a person who has lost consciousness to fast, since these persons are not able to comply with the instructions. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “From three people a pen was raised (deeds are not recorded): from a child who has not reached the age of majority; from the one who lost his mind until he comes to his senses; from the sleeper until he wakes up” (Bukhari).

For the sick and travelers, fasting is not fard, but if they fast, their fast is considered valid. In case of non-observance of fasting, they need to compensate all these days in the future.

Also, fasting is not fard for the elderly who, due to their age, cannot fast, women in the state of haida and nifaas, pregnant women and nursing mothers, if they fear that fasting may harm them or the child. The elderly must pay fidia, and the rest must make up the missed days. In order for a traveler to be able to take advantage of the permission not to fast, his journey must be at least 100 km., At which a reduction in prayer is allowed.

What conditions break the fast?

– Swallowing a pea-sized food or medicine, swallowing one drop of water or medicine, sexual intercourse.

What is sunnah for a fasting person?

- Eating before dawn. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Eat food before dawn, for there is grace in the suhoor” (Bukhari).

A treat for those who fasted, a treat for the poor and needy. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Whoever feeds a fasting person will receive the same rewards. At the same time, the reward of a fasting person will not decrease ”(Bukhari).

Reading the Noble Qur'an, dhikrs and salavats. During Ramadan, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) met the angel Jibril (peace be upon him) every night and recited the Qur'an (Bukhari) with him.

Immediately after sunset, start breaking the fast.

Are there any actions that are condemned during fasting?

- No profanity or profanity is allowed. It is not allowed to dive and swim in the water. Tasting or chewing anything, as this may break the fast. You can’t kiss on the lips, hold an uraza without breaking the fast for 2 days in a row and fast, knowing that this will lead to a complication of the disease.

What actions are allowed?

You can taste the purchased product (the main thing is to make sure that nothing is swallowed). It is allowed to chew food for a child, put antimony on the eyes, grease a mustache or beard with oil, and brush your teeth with a sivak. It is permissible and the procedure of bloodletting, and treatment with leeches. It is permissible to perform a full ablution.

What else is needed for fasting to be accepted by Allah?

“The most important thing is the right intention. If a fasting person, without uttering the appropriate words, intends to fast in his heart the next day, his fast will be correct.

It is encouraged to pronounce the intention in the following Arabic words:

Neuetu an esuuma sauma shehri ramedaana minel fejri ilal meghribi haalisan lillahi te "aalya.

Translation: “For the sake of Allah Almighty, I sincerely intended to observe the fast of the month of Ramadan from dawn to dusk.”

Breaking the fast after sunset with salt, a piece of food or water is sunnah. It is also encouraged to break the fast with fruits such as dates.

After breaking the fast, the following prayer is read:

Allahumma laka sumtu wa bika ementu wa "alayka tawakkaltu wa" ala rizkykya aftartu fagfirli yee gaffeeru ma kaddamtu wa ma akhhartu.

Translation: “O Allah, only for Your sake I fasted, I believed in You, I relied on You and broke my fast with Your food. O Forgiver, forgive my past and future sins."

Material prepared: Elvira Malikova

In Arabic, “fasting” sounds like this: “as-syyam” or “as-sawm”. The expressions "as-sawm" and "as-syyam" mean abstaining from something, whether it is saying something or taking it in. This is confirmed by the words of Maryam, cited in the Qur'an (meaning): “Indeed, I gave the Merciful a vow of fasting” (sura “Maryam”, ayat 26), that is, I made a vow not to say anything.

إِنِّي نَذَرْتُ لِلرَّحْمَنِ صَوْمًا

In the Sharia, the expressions “as-sawm” and “as-syyam” denote abstinence from everything that breaks the fast, in the time interval from the onset of morning prayer to sunset, intending to keep the fast.

Post history

Making Muslim fasting obligatory

The main arguments for the obligatory observance of fasting are the verse of the Holy Quran and two hadiths of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). The Almighty in the Qur'an said (meaning): The month of Ramadan, in which the Koran was sent down, being a guide for people and as an explanation of the direct path and the distinction between truth and falsehood ... The one who finds Ramadan among you, let him fast ... ”(Sura Al-Baqarah, verse 185).

شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ الَّذِي أُنْزِلَ فِيهِ الْقُرْآنُ هُدًى لِلنَّاسِ وَبَيِّنَاتٍ مِنَ الْهُدَى وَالْفُرْقَانِ فَمَنْ شَهِدَ مِنْكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ وَمَنْ كَانَ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ بِكُمُ الْيُسْرَ وَلَا يُرِيدُ بِكُمُ الْعُسْرَ وَلِتُكْمِلُوا الْعِدَّةَ وَلِتُكَبِّرُوا اللَّهَ عَلَى مَا هَدَاكُمْ وَلَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ

If you met Ramadan in one place, and say goodbye in another

That is why Muslim theologians decided that if a Muslim began to fast when he saw the moon in his locality, and then went on a trip to a distant (where there is a different time zone) locality, he is obligated to complete the month of Ramadan when it will be completed in the locality in which it arrived. This provision applies even to someone who has already completed 30 fasts, because according to Sharia, from the moment he arrives in a new settlement, he, as it were, becomes one of the inhabitants of this area, therefore he must fast in the same way as everyone else residents. If in the area where the Muslim arrived, they saw the moon (indicating the end of the month of Ramadan and the onset of Shawwal), then he is obliged to let go of the post. And it doesn't matter if he observed only 28 fasts (because in this area Ramadan could be 29 days) or 29 fasts (because Ramadan could be 30 days). However, in the first case, when the visitor had to break the fast along with the residents, while he observed only 28 fasts, he is charged with the obligation to make one fast at any time convenient for him after the Eid al-Fitr holiday (the holiday of breaking the fast), because the minimum number There are 29 days of the month of Ramadan.

The one who, on a holiday (Eid al-Fitr), went to a place where they are still fasting, is obliged to refrain from everything that violates the fast until the time for the evening prayer.

According to the other three madhhabs, when seeing a new moon, it is obligatory to fast not only for residents of nearby settlements, but for everyone else, even those who live on the other hemisphere of the Earth.

Conditions for the obligatory post

Taklif. Taklif is the presence in a Muslim of the following qualities: adulthood and reason. A Muslim himself who falls under this category is called a mukallaf. That is, fasting is obligatory only for an adult Muslim who has reached puberty. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: “Three are not recorded sins: 1) sleeping until he wakes up, 2) a child until he becomes an adult, 3) a madman until he recovers” (Sunan Abi Davud, No. 4403 ).

رُفِعَ الْقَلَمُ عَنْ ثَلَاثَةٍ عَنْ النَّائِمِ حَتَّى يَسْتَيْقِظَ وَعَنْ الصَّبِيِّ حَتَّى يَحْتَلِمَ وَعَنْ الْمَجْنُونِ حَتَّى يَعْقِل

The absence of a Sharia-based reason for preventing fasting or allowing breaking the fast.

There are two reasons for preventing fasting.

The onset of menstruation or postpartum discharge in women.

Loss of consciousness or loss of reason during the entire daytime (i.e. from the time of morning prayer to the time of evening prayer). If a lost consciousness or a madman comes to his senses even for a moment during the light interval of the day, he is obliged from that moment to fast until the end of the day.

There are three reasons for not fasting

A disease in which fasting causes harm to the body or causes severe pain and malaise. And if the illness or pain is so severe that there is a possibility of a threat to life, such a person is charged with the duty to let go of the post!

Far travel. Long-distance travel is considered when the travel distance is at least 83 kilometers. In addition, in order for the traveler to be allowed not to fast, it is necessary that the journey be legal and continue until the end of the day. Anyone who, while still at home, began to fast, and then set off on a journey during the day, is not allowed to break the fast, that is, break the fast.

The basis for the above two reasons for not fasting is the verse of the Qur'an, which says (meaning): «<...>the one who is sick or on the way, let him make up the fast at another time ... " (Sura Al-Baqarah, verse 185).

وَمَنْ كَانَ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَى سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ

Powerlessness to fast. Anyone who is unable to fast due to old age or a chronic illness such as a stomach ulcer is allowed to break his fast. Fasting is obligatory for those who are physically able to do so. Because the Qur'an says (meaning): Those who are able to fast only with an incredible burden should feed the poor ”(Sura Al-Baqarah, verse 184).

Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him), commenting on this verse, said that we are talking about people of advanced age who are not able to fast and who, instead of each missed fast, must feed one poor person (one mudd (600 grams) of the main product nutrition of the area) (“Sahih al-Bukhari”, No. 4235).

This category also includes pregnant and lactating mothers. If fasting may harm the pregnant woman and/or the fetus, or fasting may affect the baby, so that the woman in labor may not have enough milk for the child, it is allowed to break the fast, i.e. not to fast. However, if a pregnant or nursing mother does not fast only for fear of harming the fetus or infant, in addition to making up for the missed fasts, she is also required to pay a fine of 600 grams (mudd) in favor of the poor for each missed fast.

Conditions necessary for the validity of the post

- Menstrual and postpartum discharge. Their offensive also breaks the fast, even if their duration is short. And, of course, missed posts due to their onset must be compensated.

- Loss of reason or, may God save us from this, apostasy also break the post.

Each fasting person needs to beware of all the above seven reasons, otherwise the fast will be broken and invalid. The fast of one who does any of the above, assuming that the time for morning prayer has not yet come, but in reality it has already come and it will somehow become clear, is violated, but at the same time this person is obliged to refrain from everything that breaks the fast, until the end of the day, showing respect for the month of Ramadan. Similarly, in the case when the fasting person has let go of the fast, assuming that the time for the evening prayer has already come, but as it turned out - no, his fast is violated, and he needs to make up for this fast.

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