Presentation on the history of Russia on the topic "Partisan movement during the Great Patriotic War" (grade 9). Partisans of the Great Patriotic War

Partisan movement during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.

Completed by: 9th grade student

Razyapov Salavat

The interaction of the partisans with units of the regular army was important. In 1941, during the defensive battles of the Red Army, the partisans mainly conducted reconnaissance. However, in the spring of 1943, the systematic development of plans using partisan forces began. The most striking example of effective interaction between partisans and units of the Soviet Army was the Belarusian operation of 1944, codenamed “Bagration”. In it, a powerful group of Belarusian partisans was essentially one of the fronts, coordinating its actions with the four advancing fronts of the regular army. The activities of the partisans during the Great Patriotic War were highly appreciated. More than 127 thousand of them were awarded the medal “Partisan of the Patriotic War” of the 1st and 2nd degrees; over 184 thousand were awarded other medals and orders, and 249 people became Heroes of the Soviet Union, and S.A. Kovpak and A.F. Fedorov - twice.

Partisan formations - detachments, regiments, brigades, formations (divisions) of Soviet partisans during the Great Patriotic War.

Goals of activity June 29, 1941 - directive of the Council of People's Commissars - the content resembles “The Socialist Fatherland is in danger!” Creation of partisan detachments, underground and sabotage groups in enemy-occupied territory Destruction of valuables The movement was led by the leaders of party and Komsomol organizations. The directive formed the basis of the speech of I.V. Stalin on July 3, 1941.

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE: The organization of partisan formations was determined by: the number of personnel the number and composition of weapons the geographical conditions of the area the economic state of the area the nature of the tasks performed

INFRASTRUCTURE. Many partisan formations had their own hospitals, workshops for repairing weapons and various property, and ammunition supply platoons.

WEAPONS. The partisans were armed mainly with light weapons: light machine guns, machine guns, rifles, carbines, and grenades. Many detachments and formations had mortars and heavy machine guns. In some cases, the partisans used guns and tanks left by the troops on the battlefield.

The main organizational and combat unit of the partisans was the partisan detachment, which usually consisted of companies, platoons and squads, and sometimes of combat groups. Its number ranged from 20 to 200 people. The detachment was part of a partisan brigade (formation, division) or was independent. The partisan regiment consisted of battalions and was not widely used. He acted independently or as part of a partisan brigade, formation (division).

A partisan brigade united several detachments (less often battalions and regiments) and numbered from several hundred to 3-4 thousand or more people. A partisan formation (division) included 10 or more partisan brigades with a total number of up to 15-19 thousand people, and was created by decision of the headquarters of the partisan movement and underground regional committees (district committees) of the party. The combat operations of the formation (division) were dominated by raids, including those outside Soviet territory. Some formations organizationally included cavalry, artillery and machine gun units.

Stage I - summer 1941 - summer 1942 Spontaneous actions of small armed detachments Poor weapons No coordination, fragmentation July 18, 1941 - resolution of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks "On organizing the struggle in the rear of German troops" task - creating a network of underground party local organizations have specified the role

Partisan detachments of Ukraine: L. Drozhzhin, V. Kostenko, A. Zlenko, S. A. Kovpak, A. N. Saburov. Belarus: P. Ponomarenko, P. Kalinin, V. Malinin, K. Mazurov Central regions of the USSR: D. N. Medvedev, A. F. Fedorov Leningrad region: G. Bumagin, A. V. German

Stage II - summer 1942 - summer 1943 May 30 - The Central Headquarters of the partisan movement was created (headed by P. Ponomarenko) + Carried out radio communications between headquarters + Engaged in the transfer of ammunition, medicine, food to enemy-occupied territory + Trained underground organizers, radio operators, intelligence officers, attracted military specialists

Partisan region - territory in the rear of German troops, liberated and held for a long time by partisans Partisan zone - territory controlled by partisans

The detachment, brigade and formation were headed by a commander and a commissar, there was a headquarters, and in large formations there was also a party-political apparatus. The commanders had deputies for intelligence, sabotage, and a supply assistant with the relevant units. Party and Komsomol organizations worked in the detachments. COMMAND

Kovpak Sidor Artemyevich Kovpak (1887-1967) - commander of the Putivl partisan detachment (later - Sumy partisan unit, 1st Ukrainian partisan division), member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (b) of Ukraine, major general. Twice Hero of the Soviet Union. He carried out raids behind enemy lines in the Sumy, Kursk, Orel and Bryansk regions, in 1942-1943 - a raid from the Bryansk forests on the Right Bank of Ukraine in the Gomel, Pinsk, Volyn, Rivne, Zhitomir and Kyiv regions; in 1943 - Carpathian raid.

Ponomarenko Panteleimon Kondratievich (1902 -1984) In 1938-1947 - First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Belarus. Since September 1939, a member of the Military Council of the Belarusian Military District, took part in the leadership of the troops that entered the territory of Western Belarus. During the Great Patriotic War, he was a member of the military councils of fronts and armies, and led the partisan movement. From May 30, 1942 - March 1943 - Chief of the Central Headquarters of the partisan movement at the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command.

Dmitry Nikolaevich Medvedev (1898 - 1954) Commander of a partisan detachment, Hero of the Soviet Union, NKVD personnel officer, colonel. The detachment operated until January 1942 in the Smolensk, Bryansk, Mogilev regions, carried out over 50 major operations

Alexander Nikolaevich Saburov (1908 -1974) Major General, commander of a partisan unit, Hero of the Soviet Union. In October 1941, he led a Soviet partisan detachment. From March 1942 to April 1944, he commanded a partisan unit that operated in Sumy, Zhitomir, Volyn, Rivne and other regions of Ukraine, as well as the Bryansk and Oryol regions of Russia and in the southern regions of Belarus.

Fedorov Alexey Fedorovich (1901 -1989) From September 1941 - first secretary of the Chernigov, from March 1943 - also of the Volyn underground regional party committees, at the same time commander of the Chernigov-Volyn partisan unit of the NKVD of the USSR, operating in Ukraine, Belarus and the Bryansk forests of Russia. During these years, Alexei Fedorov's talent was revealed as an outstanding organizer of guerrilla warfare, one of the creators of partisan tactics.

Golikov Leonid Aleksandrovich Brigade reconnaissance officer 67 (1926 -1943) of detachment 4 of the Leningrad partisan brigade, operating in the Novgorod and Pskov regions. Participated in 27 combat operations. Accompanied a convoy with food (250 carts) to besieged Leningrad. For valor and courage he was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, the medal “For Courage” and the Partisan of the Patriotic War medal, 2nd degree. On January 24, 1943, Leonid Golikov died in an unequal battle in the village of Ostraya Luka, Pskov Region.

Stage III – summer 1943 -1944 Joint actions of partisans with units of the Red Army Disrupted the supply of weapons to Hitler’s troops Undermined communications Conducted operations “Rail War”, “Concert”

The Rail War Was carried out jointly with units of the Red Army near Kursk from August 3 to September 15, 1943. 167 partisan formations took part in it. The partisans of Belarus derailed 761 enemy trains, Ukraine - 349, Smolensk region - 102. As a result of the operation, the Mogilev-Krichev, Polotsk-Dvinsk, Mogilev-Zhlobin highways were not operational throughout August. On other railways, traffic was often delayed for 3-15 days. The actions of the partisans significantly complicated the regrouping and supply of retreating enemy troops.

Code name of the operation (from September 19 - October 1943), continuation of the operation “Rail War. 193 partisan formations from Belarus, the Baltic states, Karelia, Crimea, Leningrad and Kalinin regions took part. The length of the operation along the front is about 900 kilometers (excluding Karelia and Crimea) and in depth over 400 kilometers. This operation was closely connected with the upcoming offensive of Soviet troops in the Smolensk and Gomel directions and the Battle of the Dnieper. The leadership was carried out by the Central Headquarters of the partisan movement. Operation Concert

Underground during the war In the territory occupied by the enemy, underground organizations led by party and Komsomol leaders operated. The main forms of struggle: They put up leaflets that called for a fight, highlighted the current state of affairs at the front. They disrupted the supply of weapons to German troops for military operations. They hid those who escaped from captivity from being sent to Germany. They reported important information about the enemy to the Soviet command.

Zaslonov Konstantin Sergeevich (1910 - 1942) In October 1941 he was sent behind enemy lines as part of a group of railway workers. Partisan pseudonym - “Uncle Kostya”. He created an underground group, whose members used “coal mines” to blow up 93 German locomotives in 3 months. He acted with a group in the Vitebsk-Orsha-Smolensk region. He died in 1942 in a battle with punitive forces.

“Young Guard” Underground anti-fascist Komsomol organization in Krasnodon, Lugansk region. , created on July 20, 1942, numbered about 110 people - boys and girls. Ivan Turkenich, Oleg Koshevoy, Sergey Tyulenin, Ivan Zemnukhov, Ulyana Gromova and Lyubov Shevtsova-active

The importance of the partisan movement and the underground In total, during the war, there were more than 6 thousand partisan detachments behind enemy lines, in which over 1 million people fought. During the operations, the partisans destroyed, captured and wounded 1 million fascists, disabled 4 thousand tanks and armored vehicles, 65 thousand cars, 1100 aircraft, destroyed and damaged 1600 railway bridges, derailed 20 thousand trains.

Partisan movement during the Great Patriotic War

The partisan movement is the armed struggle of the Soviet people against the Nazi invaders in the temporarily occupied territory of the USSR

The call for guerrilla warfare was made in an address to the people by I.V. Stalin on July 3, 1941 The Pravda newspaper, which published the speech of the Chairman of the State Defense Committee I.V. Stalin

On July 18, 1941, the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks adopted a resolution “On the organization of the fight in the rear of German troops,” which formulated the general goals, objectives and main forms of struggle. At the first stage, the main goal of the partisans was to reduce the defense capability of enemy troops, to divert the largest possible enemy forces for protecting your rear. At this stage, partisan formations solved the following most typical tasks: conducted reconnaissance; disorganized the work of the enemy rear; destroyed manpower and military equipment; defensive work was disrupted; mined communication routes and other important enemy targets; The evacuation was disrupted by enemies of industry and transport.

At stage II, the main goal of the combat operations of the partisan forces was to create favorable conditions for the advance of Soviet troops at a high pace. Based on this, new tasks were set: to prevent the influx of Nazi reserves and material resources into the area of ​​​​operation; make it difficult to escape; disrupt control.

The main forms of struggle are an ambush, a sabotage raid. Partisans of one of the detachments in an ambush on a forest road

The partisan detachments were armed with light small arms, machine guns, machine guns and mortars. Soviet female partisans armed with Mosin rifles with fixed bayonets.

Members of the “Forward” partisan detachment are studying the design of a new mortar. Tungudsky district, Lekhta village. 1942

The partisan movement that arose among the grassroots was initially viewed with caution by the Soviet leadership. But the massive nature of the liberation struggle and the great damage inflicted by the partisans on the invaders forced the Defense Committee and Headquarters to change their views. On May 30, 1942, the Central Headquarters of the partisan movement was created at Headquarters, led by P.K. Ponomarenko

Leadership was carried out mainly by radio Popov D.M., head of the Western headquarters of the partisan movement

The most effective partisan raids were carried out by the formations of S.A. Kovpak, A.N. Saburov, S.V. Grishin, A.F. Fedorov, P.P. Vershigory. S.A. Kovpak A.N. Saburov S.V. Grishin A.F. Fedorov P.P. Vershigora

In July 1943, the Central Headquarters of the partisan movement developed a plan for a major operation called the “Rail War”. According to this plan, the partisans of Belarus, Leningrad, Kalinin, Smolensk and Oryol regions were supposed to disable a significant number of enemy railway communications with simultaneous attacks.

In terms of its scale, the “Rail War” acquired a strategic character. Started on the night of August 3, 1943, in the midst of a fierce battle on the Kursk Bulge, it unfolded over a vast area with a front length of 1000 km and a depth of 750 km, and continued until mid-September 1943. About 100 thousand fighters of partisan formations and tens of thousands of civilians took part in the operation. The crash of a German military train organized by one of the partisan detachments

The national struggle in the rear of the Nazi troops is one of the brilliant pages of the Great Patriotic War, an outstanding feat of the Soviet people. For the heroism and courage shown during the years of severe trials, thousands of patriots were awarded orders and medals, 249 were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, and S.A. Kovpak and A.F. Fedorov was awarded this title twice. The commander of a partisan detachment presents the medal “For Courage” to a young partisan reconnaissance

Commander of the 5th Leningrad Partisan Brigade, Hero of the Soviet Union K.D. Karitsky. attaches the medal “Partisan of the Patriotic War, II degree” to the priest of the church of the Porkhov district, F.A. Puzanov

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Great Patriotic War partisans Performed by students 7 “A” Shley Dmitry and Tsinevsky Viktor

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Menu Soviet partisans in the Great Patriotic War Guerrilla movement in the occupied regions of the RSFSR during the Great Patriotic War Formation of Soviet partisan detachments False partisans Jewish partisan detachments Elements of partisan war Location of Soviet partisan detachments

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Soviet partisans in the Great Patriotic War Soviet partisans are an integral part of the anti-fascist Resistance movement, who fought using guerrilla warfare methods against Germany and its allies in the territories of the USSR occupied by them during the Great Patriotic War. The movement was coordinated and controlled by Soviet authorities and was modeled after the Red Army. The main goal of the guerrilla war was to undermine the front in the German rear - disruption of communications and communications, the operation of its road and railway communications (the so-called “Rail War”), etc.

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In the Bryansk region, Soviet partisans controlled vast territories in the German rear. In the summer of 1942, they actually exercised control over a territory of over 14,000 square kilometers. The Bryansk Partisan Republic was formed. The main struggle in this area was waged by the partisans not against the German occupiers, but against the anti-Bolshevik-minded population of the Lokot Republic. Detachments of Soviet partisans with a total number of more than 60,000 people in the region were led by Alexey Fedorov, Alexander Saburov and others. Partisan movement in the occupied regions of the RSFSR during the Great Patriotic War

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Formation of Soviet partisan detachments The main tasks of the partisan movement were set out in the Directive of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks of June 29, 1941 and the Resolution of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks of July 18, 1941 “On the organization of the struggle in the rear of German troops.” The most important directions of the struggle behind enemy lines were formulated in the order of the People's Commissar of Defense I.V. Stalin dated September 5, 1942 “On the tasks of the partisan movement.”

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There were cases when the Nazis, in order to discredit the partisan movement, created punitive detachments (usually from collaborators), who posed as Soviet partisans and committed murders of civilians. In 1943-1944, a group of collaborationists operated in Polesie under the guise of partisans. As one former member of the resistance said, there was a case when one of the partisan groups met with “false partisans”:

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Jewish partisan detachments On the territory of the Soviet Union, from 15 to 49 thousand Jews fought against the Nazis in underground organizations and partisan detachments. Approximately 4,000 people fought in 70 purely Jewish partisan detachments on the territory of the USSR. Jewish partisan detachments were created by those Jews who fled from ghettos and camps, fleeing extermination by the Nazis. Many of the organizers of the Jewish detachments had previously been members of underground organizations in the ghetto.

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Elements of guerrilla warfare Sabotage occupied a significant place in the activities of partisan formations. They were a very effective way of disorganizing the enemy rear, inflicting losses and material damage to the enemy, without engaging in combat with him. Using special sabotage equipment, small groups of partisans and even individuals could inflict significant damage on the enemy. In total, during the war years, Soviet partisans derailed about 18,000 trains, of which 15,000 in 1943-1944.

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Formation of partisan detachments One of the forms of armed struggle of the Soviet people against the enemy was the partisan movement. The program for its deployment was contained in the directive of the Council of People's Commissars and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks dated June 29, 1941. Soon, on July 18, the Central Committee adopted a special resolution “On the organization of the fight in the rear of German troops.” These documents gave instructions on the preparation of the party underground, on the organization, recruitment and arming of partisan detachments, and also formulated the tasks of the movement. The scope of the partisan struggle was largely predetermined by the scale of the occupied territory of the USSR. Despite the measures taken to evacuate the population to the eastern regions of the country, over 60 million people, or about 33% of the pre-war population, were forced to remain in territory occupied by the enemy. Initially, the Soviet leadership relied on regular partisan formations, formed with the participation and under the leadership of the NKVD. The most famous was the “Winners” detachment, commander D.N. Medvedev. He operated in the Smolensk, Oryol and Mogilev regions, and then in Western Ukraine. The detachment included athletes, NKVD workers (including intelligence officers), proven local personnel. At the head of the local partisan movement were, as a rule, the chairmen of the regional, city and district executive committees of the party, as well as the secretaries of the regional, city and district Komsomol committees. General strategic leadership of the partisan movement was carried out by the Supreme Command Headquarters. Direct interaction with detachments on the ground is the Central Headquarters of the Partisan Movement (TSSHPD). It was created by the decision of the State Defense Committee on May 30, 1942, and operated until January 1944. The head of the Central Shpd was P.K. Ponomarenko. The TsShPD was supposed to establish contact with partisan formations, direct and coordinate their actions, supply weapons, ammunition, medicines, train personnel and carry out interaction between the partisans and units of the regular army.

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Dictionary "RAIL WAR" - the name of a major operation of Soviet partisans in August - September 1943 during the Great Patriotic War to disable the enemy's railway communications in the occupied territory of the Leningrad, Kalinin, Smolensk and Oryol regions, Belarus and part of Ukraine. “CONCERT” is the code name for the operation of Soviet partisans, carried out from September 19 to the end of October 1943, a continuation of Operation Rail War.

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Leonid Aleksandrovich Golikov He was one of many teenage partisans of the Great Patriotic War, a Hero of the Soviet Union. Brigade scout of the Leningrad partisan brigade, spreading panic and chaos in German units in the Novgorod and Pskov regions. Despite his young age - Leonid was born in 1926, at the start of the war he was 15 years old - he was distinguished by his sharp mind and military courage. In just a year and a half of partisan activity, he destroyed 78 Germans, 2 railway and 12 highway bridges, 2 food warehouses and 10 wagons with ammunition. Guarded and accompanied a food convoy to besieged Leningrad. This is what Lenya Golikov himself wrote about his main feat in a report: “On the evening of August 12, 1942, we, 6 partisans, got out onto the Pskov-Luga highway and lay down near the village of Varnitsa. There was no movement at night. It was dawn. From Pskov 13 August, a small passenger car appeared. It was going fast, but near the bridge where we were, the car went quieter. Partisan Vasiliev threw an anti-tank grenade, but missed. Alexander Petrov threw the second grenade from the ditch, hit the beam. The car didn’t stop immediately, but went further 20 meters and almost caught up with us (we were lying behind a pile of stones). Two officers jumped out of the car. I fired a burst from a machine gun. I didn’t hit. The officer who was driving ran through the ditch towards the forest. I fired several bursts from my PPSh . Hit the enemy in the neck and back. Petrov began shooting at the second officer, who kept looking around, shouting and firing back. Petrov killed this officer with a rifle. Then the two of them ran to the first wounded officer. They tore off their shoulder straps, took a briefcase, documents, it turned out to be the general from the infantry of the special weapons troops, that is, the engineering troops, Richard Wirtz, who was returning from a meeting from Konigsberg to his corps in Luga. There was still a heavy suitcase in the car. We barely managed to drag him into the bushes (150 meters from the highway). While we were still at the car, we heard an alarm, a ringing sound, and a scream in the neighboring village. Grabbing a briefcase, shoulder straps and three captured pistols, we ran to our....”. As it turned out, the teenager took out extremely important drawings and descriptions of new examples of German mines, maps of minefields, and inspection reports to higher command. For this, Golikov was nominated for the Golden Star and the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. He received the title posthumously. Defending himself in a village house from a German punitive detachment, the hero died along with the partisan headquarters on January 24, 1943, before he turned 17 years old.

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