Problems of texts on the exam. Imperfect essays in the Russian language, written for the maximum score Alleged problems on the exam in Russian
Topics USE essays in Russian - a rather abstract concept. Rather, we can talk about problems. Each text proposed for analysis by the USE participant contains several problems. Usually there are at least three of them, but there are texts in which up to ten problems can be identified.
Most subjective. In fact, the problem may be present in the text, but not contained in the materials for experts who check the work of students. Most experts in such situations count the wording of the problem.
The difficulty is different: sometimes a student formulates a problem ugly from the point of view of the Russian language, while thinking in the right direction. It turns out the correct, but difficult to understand content. The expert does not always catch the connection between the text of the work and the materials according to which he must check. As a result, the correct thought is scored with zero points.
How to avoid it? There is a list of topics (problems) of the USE essays in the Russian language, it will be given below. This list contains concise but precise formulations that will be clearly understood by an expert. Many of these are taken from past exam reviewer materials or from official exam mock-ups. Problems may vary slightly depending on the source code, but in general the list is exhaustive.
The problem can be formulated as a question or in the genitive.
In terms of evaluating the essay by experts, there is no difference. But using the first method (question) leads to writing a better essay. It makes it possible not to get confused and not to get away from the topic. Site Developer Tip: Formulate the problem as a question. We will also formulate a list of topics (problems) in the form of a question.
List of topics for composing the exam in the Russian language
The relationship between man and nature
How does human activity affect nature?
How should nature be treated?
Why is nature important to humans?
Should man protect nature?
How does nature affect man?
What is wrong with the consumer attitude to nature?
Does man depend on nature?
Why do people often fail to see beauty in nature?
How can nature inspire a person?
How is the destructive power of nature manifested?
Why is it necessary to live in harmony with nature?
What is the beauty of nature?
The relationship between man and animals
Why should a person take care of animals?
Why do homeless animals evoke compassion?
How should people treat their pets?
Do all people love animals?
Why is man so often cruel to animals?
What makes a person kill animals?
Can an animal be useful to a person?
Is a person always smarter than an animal?
Family relationships, childhood
How does the family influence the formation of a child's personality?
Is there anything stronger than a mother's love?
How do parents show concern for their children?
Why are parents strict with their children?
What influences the process of formation of children's worldview?
Is it always mother's love goes for good?
How does education affect the future of a person?
Should children leave their parents?
What kind of atmosphere should be in the family?
Do relationships in the family affect the character of the child?
Why should parents be honest with their children?
Why do conflicts between "fathers" and "children" occur?
What do childhood memories mean to a person?
Is childhood always the happiest time?
The beauty and wealth of the Russian language
What does native language mean for a person?
Why is it necessary to protect the Russian language?
What does an irresponsible attitude towards one's native language lead to?
Why do young people neglect the rules of the Russian language?
What is the wealth of the Russian language?
School, teachers, books
Why is it important for a person to get a good education?
How is the school involved in shaping the personality of the child?
Why are school lessons important?
Why should you remember your teachers?
Is every teacher good?
What should be a real teacher?
Why should a person seek knowledge?
What's wrong with not wanting to learn?
What are the consequences of the work of an incompetent teacher?
How do books influence a person's worldview?
What place should reading take in a person's life?
Inner world, moral qualities of a person
What can a person's appearance say?
Is a person beautiful on the outside always beautiful on the inside?
In what situations is a person's character manifested?
What internal qualities of a person can be considered correct?
What is a truly rich inner world?
Why do people do immoral things?
Is there any way to justify betrayal?
Why do people embark on the path of spiritual degradation?
How is cowardice manifested?
What kind of person can be called callous, heartless?
What causes human cruelty?
Why do intrapersonal conflicts occur?
Can a moral person betray his principles?
Friendship
Can true friendship ever end?
Why do fights happen between friends?
Why does friendship not tolerate betrayal?
What kind of person can be called a true friend?
Can friends be rivals?
Love
What is true love?
How should you treat the person you love?
Is love always happy?
What can a person do in the name of love?
Why is unrequited love dangerous?
Is it possible to forgive a loved one?
Social problems
How should the poor be treated?
Why should you help the homeless?
Is it always possible to trust the authorities?
How does the problem of servility manifest itself?
Why can the rich control the destinies of the poor?
Why is crime rampant?
Is there any way to justify stealing?
What can make a person drunk?
Are the poor always to blame for their financial situation?
Upbringing
What kind of person can be called educated?
Will a well-mannered person be rude or rude?
Why should a person be responsive?
Who educates a person?
Why is it important to respect others?
Should a person be polite?
Art in human life
Is a talented person always noticed?
What gives a person art?
How does music affect a person?
Is it possible to express through art what cannot be expressed in words?
What did music mean to people? war time?
Do brilliant people always live happily?
Why do people love art?
How does art help a person?
War time
Why was heroism common in wartime?
What are people who love their Motherland ready for?
What kind of person can be called a patriot?
How is false patriotism manifested?
Does it make sense to treat the enemy humanely?
Why is war a grief for every family?
Why should we remember the heroes of the war?
How does humanity keep the memory of the Great Patriotic War?
The list of problems can be extended. New problems will be added to the general list, stay tuned.
The USE in Russian consists of two parts and 25 tasks.
First part represents 24 tasks. They can be test, the choice of one or more answers, open type(write your own pass).
The answer to the tasks of part 1 is given by the corresponding entry in the form of a number (number) or a word (several words), a sequence of numbers (numbers) written without spaces, commas and other additional characters.
The tasks of Part 1 test the assimilation of educational material by graduates at both basic and advanced levels of complexity (tasks 7, 23–24).
The second part - consists of one task - 25. This task involves writing an essay based on the read and analyzed text.
The task of part 2 (task 25 - composition) can be completed by the examinee at any level of complexity (basic, advanced, high).
210 minutes - 3.5 hours are given for work.
Distribution of tasks by parts of the examination paper
Parts of work | Number of tasks | Maximum primary score | Job type |
1 part | 24 | 33 | Short answer |
part 2 | 1 | 24 | Detailed response |
Total | 25 | 57 |
Scattering by tasks
Below I will give the "cost" of each task performed.
For the correct completion of each task first part (except tasks 1, 7, 15 and 24) the examiner receives 1 point each. For an incorrect answer or its absence, 0 points are set.
For completing tasks 1 and 15, from 0 to 2 points can be set.
The answer is considered correct if it contains all the numbers from the standard and there are no other numbers.
Task 7 can be assigned from 0 to 5 points.
For each correctly indicated digit corresponding to the number from the list, the examinee receives 1 point (5 points: no errors; 4 points: one mistake was made; 3 points: two mistakes were made; 2 points: two numbers are correctly indicated; 1 point: correctly indicated only one number 0 points: completely wrong answer, i.e. wrong sequence of numbers or none.
Task 24 can be assigned from 0 to 4 points. The answer is considered correct if it contains all the numbers from the standard and there are no other numbers.
The maximum number of points that an examinee can receive if he correctly completed the task second part , is 24 points.
For the correct completion of all tasks of the examination paper, you can get the maximum 57 primary points .
The unified state exam, the successful completion of which allows yesterday's schoolchildren to become students prestigious universities- The task is quite difficult. Since the exam requires increased attention and a sufficient amount of necessary knowledge, educators recommend that students prepare well before proceeding to pass it.
Among the multiple tests of the Unified State Examination is an essay in the Russian language, the minimum volume of which should be 150 words. With fewer words, as practice has shown, it is quite difficult to fully reveal the existing topic.
Consider the process of creating an essay plan that will help express the essence of the essay and fully substantiate the point of view on the problem. As for most works of this kind, it would be useful to add an introductory and final part to the structure of the text. Most educators recommend the following type of plan for essay writing for exam:
- The essence of the topic.
- Comments on her.
- Author's opinion.
- The student's personal view of the problem.
- Justification of your own point of view (give at least 2 arguments).
Let's bring examples of essays for the exam, which will help you navigate and write a decent presentation on the chosen topic.
Example 1
The entire text of Mikhailov is permeated with the thought of the phenomenon of a man of genius. The author emphasizes the inability of science to fully study and explain the nature of genius and find its source. Some thinkers believe that the currently known term "indigo children" can be justified as the birth of a child from the union of a person and an alien being, other scientists consider the emergence of such a gifted category of children as the result of genetic mutations.
As the proof Mikhailov gives real story about an 8 year old. The girl may soon become disabled, but at the same time she demonstrates amazing abilities for drawing and learning languages. It can be assumed that such a case is a phenomenon, but in fact the reason for the girl's talent lies in the desire of her parents to help realize her daughter's talents.
Mikhailov expresses the opinion that only with the help of hard work and the help of relatives and close people can genius inclinations be manifested.
As argument I would like to give as an example a real story from the life of the composer Mozart. His talented, but lacking in genius rival Salieri envied Mozart, but was not going to sit for hours over notes, hoping that chance would help him defeat the "enemy". Mozart, on the other hand, was used to working hard, and it was this amazing diligence that helped him become what we know as a genius in his field.
The problem of the text echoes the real life of today's little geniuses, of which more and more are born every year. Each of them could establish himself in the chosen field and fully express himself, but often this is hindered by a lack of attention from parents. Teachers, as well as peers, sometimes simply scoff at indigo children, who are already very different from everyone else. Therefore, anyone who encounters such brilliant children can be advised to contribute to the process of birthing a real genius from a nascent talent.
Analyzing the work of N. Mikhailov, I came to think about the predominant role of the people around a brilliant child in shaping his genius. I would like to call on everyone to not allow the sprout of the outstanding abilities of the indigo child to be trampled into the dirt.
Example 2
Can war destroy everything that is highly moral in a person? Or is a particle of the animal in each of us sooner or later revealed under certain circumstances, crowding out human qualities? Or maybe even love for the enemy is provided for in our nature?
Tendryakov in his work gives the story of a fire in a German wartime hospital. The ongoing brutal war does not affect the manifestation of deep compassion and conscience by people. The author says that the tragic incident that happened before the eyes of many touched the heart of everyone, no one was left behind. V. Tendryakov in his text gives examples of the amazing empathy of enemies with each other and their help to comrades in difficult times.
My agreement with the text of the author leads to memories of the work of V. Zakrutkin "The Mother of Man" about the events of the Second World War and an excerpt from the novel "War and Peace". In the first case, the heroine of the work, despite her burning desire for revenge, forgives her enemy, who could be the murderer of her own son. Tolstoy's novel tells about the unused "human reserves": it describes the peaceful communication of Russian and French soldiers and their kind attitude towards each other, which, nevertheless, does not save them from the continuation of hostilities.
Tendryakov's text, which was offered to me for analysis, helped me come to the conclusion that the human always remains inside each of us and is only waiting for a convenient time to manifest itself, despite the drama of life situations.
One can talk endlessly about the problems that can be raised in the texts of the Russian language exam. No, the exam is not that difficult. It's just that everything related to writing is always rather abstract and contradictory. And problems sometimes open the borders for fantasy. It is natural for a person to perceive the material by virtue of his education, in accordance with the level of intelligence and upbringing. Therefore, where one sees nothing, another can find a problem.
Experts who check the Russian language exam have materials in accordance with which points are given. The criteria for literacy are transparent: rules are rules, there are no controversial points here. Things are worse with the list of problems: the reviewers are provided with approximate range of problems. It usually presents the formulation of the main problems. Usually there are 3-4 of them. But experience shows that in most texts there are much more problems.
There is confusion. "What should I do if my problem is not on the list?" - this is the question that worries almost half of the graduates who have just left the exam. And after all, there is reason to worry, because everything that will happen next depends on the subjective opinion of an expert. Will the verifier see the problem you highlighted in the source text or not - that is the question. You can, but not "get" on the list of major problems. Therefore, it is better to rely on generally accepted formulations from the list of problems in writing the exam.
Types of problems in the composition of the exam format
With you can find in the relevant section of the site. The purpose of this page is to help you remember common phrases. To make it easier to work with problems, you need to break them into blocks. It will be great if you take the names of the blocks from this site and write in each problem from the list yourself.
Philosophical problems
They touch upon the development of nature, society and man. Often we are talking about the meaning of life, the interaction of man and culture, historical path society. This group of problems seems difficult to many due to the fact that the discussion of the above issues requires preparation and a certain type of thinking.
Social problems
Associated with the functioning of society. Often these are topical issues that are still relevant today: observance of human rights, social progress, strengthening the role of science in society. It is easy to write about the problems of this group, because each of us interacts with the social sphere of society.
Political issues
Concerning the power within the state, political parties. They may be related to issues of war and peace, the choice of the path of reform or revolution. They change under the influence of time, adjusting to the requirements of society: for example, the problems of terrorism and nationalism are being actively discussed today.
moral issues
They are a product of the development of the spiritual sphere of society. moral issues associated with the assessment of situations and actions in terms of morality (good and evil). The true beauty of a person is discussed, there are talks about the true moral qualities of a person. This also includes the problems associated with the conflict of generations.
Environmental problems
The texts devoted to these problems speak of the beauty and richness of nature. The relationship and interdependence of man and nature, the emergence of environmental crises, the interaction of nature and human culture are discussed.
On the eve of the Unified State Examination in the Russian language, I would like to analyze several essays that received the maximum rating - 24 primary points. You will see that these essays are far from ideal, but due to their content they received the highest score.
1.
When I read this essay, I wondered why it was awarded 24 points at all. It contains spelling, grammatical and punctuation errors.
The verb "to sympathize" requires after itself the addition "to whom / what".
"Listen and give advice" is a mistake in homogeneous parts of the sentence, since these verbs require different cases after themselves ("listen to whom / what?" and "give advice to whom / what").
"So" - in this context is an introductory word and should be separated by a comma (non-rough punctuation error).
"About her situation, she herself" - the redundancy of pronouns creates ambiguity.
"Sometimes" - the adverb of time, is not an introductory word, therefore, is not isolated.
In addition, it can be noted great amount repetitions (speech error).
UPD: later, thanks to our user Lyubov Orlova, a spelling mistake was also discovered: "on the example of a case." Apparently, the expert considered her not rude.
Nevertheless, this essay received the maximum score. Perhaps due to the fatigue of the checker, who did not notice the error (although essays for 23-24 points are usually rechecked by several experts; perhaps I am still too picky). But you can take into account the fact that even an example from the dubious show "Let them talk" was awarded the highest rating.
2.
And here, too, minor errors are found.
You can't "tell a story": you can "tell a story" or "tell a story about someone/what".
"They both": Strictly speaking, the pronoun "they" should refer to the subject of "the sentence" and not "the hero and his mother".
The verb "worries" without the addition "what / about whom / about what / because of what" goes into the category of colloquial vocabulary. In written speech, the verb needs an addition.
"Because of the husband's prohibition" is not a qualifying construction, so it should not be isolated (non-rough punctuation error).
"Birthday" - the name of the holiday is written with a small letter: "birthday" (a mild spelling mistake).
In this essay, you can pay attention to the admissibility of referring to the source text without quoting (by indicating the numbers of sentences).
3.
This essay is distinguished by the richness of the language and a particularly successful composition (to which the epigraph can be attributed). The only significant drawback is the absence of the title of the work and the author in the second argument. But since the second argument can formally be taken even from the "Let them talk" program, this oversight did not prevent the author from getting the highest score.
4.