How is a sociable person different from a sociable person? What is the sociability of a person, in simple words Communicative and sociable what is the difference.
1. Easy to contact, sociable.
Sociable person. Communicative employee of the company.
Data from other dictionaries
Ed. S. A. Kuznetsova
communicable
1. Easy to communicate, sociable.
K. character. He is very communicative.
His k. is amazing.
communicable
1. One who easily comes into contact with other people and with whom it is easy to communicate and deal with.
He is quite communicative.
communicable
1. Able to establish contacts and connections, easily establishing them, sociable (sociable person).
Sociability
Sociability (novolat. connectable, communicating) - the ability to communicate, to establish connections, contacts, sociability; compatibility (ability to work together) of different types of information transmission systems.
Expressions containing "communicative":
Sociability child is a boon for the successful outcome of the adaptation process.
The third condition for success, closely related to the first and second, is sociability and mobility.
Classes and games with balls provide an opportunity to directly influence the education of positive personal qualities - diligence, perseverance, sociability, on the upbringing of a fighting character, strong-willed and high moral qualities.
Communication skills: advantage or disadvantage?
When describing personal qualities in a resume, it is customary to indicate standard traits. Sociability is found in every second questionnaire. At the same time, some people do not understand what a skill is or simply do not possess it. It is enough for the employer to ask a few questions to understand whether you have the ability to communicate. How important is this feature to professional growth and socializing with friends? What is human communication? - we give a definition and consider the signs, find out whether it is an advantage or a disadvantage.
What does sociable person mean?
The basis of this concept is the answer to the question. Communication is the ability to get along with people, regardless of status and degree of acquaintance. The skill is valued at work, as such a person is sent to important negotiations. A sociable personality manifests itself in the company. Such a person is distinguished by interesting communication, gesticulation, the ability to choose a topic of conversation, stories are retold to them in an interesting, lively and vivid way - this is what communicative (communicative) means in simple words.
What does sociable person mean? Unlike the sociable personality, communicative people are not just good storytellers who are fun to chat with at lunchtime. This is an educated and tactful person with a delivered speech. He does not just talk, but also pursues a specific goal: to calm a dissatisfied client, to persuade a partner to make a deal, to reduce the time for obtaining documents. The sociable person knows how to negotiate and get results.
How to understand whether your interlocutor is a communicative person or not? Sometimes even a few minutes are enough for this - such a person gets real pleasure from communication. He easily selects words, is self-confident, charismatic in his own way, easily finds topics for conversation, regardless of who he communicates with. The ability to communicate interestingly and vividly does not depend on age- it can be a sociable girl or a gray-haired old man: a conversation with both will be not only pleasant, but most often useful, since truly communicative people are far from empty chatter.
First of all, this is someone who enjoys communication. A sociable person does not care with whom to communicate, he is interested in the process itself. Communicative people are characterized by flexibility in contacts, the ability and ability not to get confused when communicating in different situations, self-confidence, they easily adapt to new conditions, are able to successfully negotiate, strive for initiative and leadership in a team.
Communicative vs Communicative: What's the Difference?
Most often, both of these words are used interchangeably without a second thought: sociable (communicative) person - able to communicate, "easy" in conversation, knowing what to say and what to ask. In fact, if you dig deeper into word formation, there is a very fundamental difference:
"communicable" always used in relation to a person and is his positive characteristic - this is the ability of a person to establish contacts, sociability, pleasant and easy conversation;
"communicative"- has a slightly different meaning of the word than that in which it is usually used, and means "related to the transmission of information using language." It is used in relation to skills, skills, games, exercises, even dances and music.
Communication is of two types:
Written. The skills of a person who owns this skill come down to writing letters, filling out official documents. At the same time, he does not allow spelling errors, expresses thoughts clearly and to the point. Written communication skills are a necessary quality for secretaries and senior positions.
Oral. The secret of a successful interlocutor lies in the ability to listen. A sociable person has this skill to perfection. Plus, he knows how to turn the conversation in the right direction and persuade the interlocutor to his point of view. The conversation takes place in a calm tone, increased notes and pressure on the opponent are unacceptable.
A sociable person has a sense of tact, subtle humor, the ability to dress in accordance with the situation. He carefully observes the interlocutor, reads gestures. Does not enter into arguments and does not allow indignation, anger or irritation to take over.
Advantages and disadvantages of communication
People with communication skills are happy to be hired and promoted up the career ladder. But, it is worthwhile to understand that sociability borders on other skills: self-confidence, leadership and initiative. Not all managers are ready for such active employee behavior. Therefore, conflicts are possible, up to dismissal. However, the advantages of communication are much greater. Consider the advantages and disadvantages of communication. Among the positives:
Ability to communicate. The concept includes not empty chatter, but listening to a person, maintaining a conversation. People cross paths with similar interests. A sociable person finds common ground, developing common interests. Thus, he disposes the interlocutor to himself, so that later he can easily persuade him to his side.
Calm. Despite the activity and playfulness, a sociable person has equanimity. Anxiety, fussiness, fear of participating in negotiations does not come from him. People are attracted by calmness, goodwill and openness coming from a communicative personality.
Attentiveness. Such a person will be the first to respond to the greeting, smooth out the conflict, and sum up the results of the meeting. There will be no awkward pauses and useless negotiations with him. After talking with sociable person It feels like talking to a good friend.
The ability and desire to communicate can play a cruel joke on a person. Not for all positions - this is a necessary quality. If the courier, in addition to delivering the goods, starts telling stories, funny or scandalous cases, then this will not be reflected in the best way on the company's reputation. Among the disadvantages of sociability are:
Excessive artistry. Interesting storytellers attract attention. A sociable person knows how to intrigue, makes effective pauses, plays with words, attracts with gestures, facial expressions. Sometimes such a transformation into different roles is inappropriate and causes misunderstanding of others. In reasonable measures, artistry attracts interlocutors.
obsession. Establishing a relationship with a stranger is not easy, you have to make a lot of effort. The task of a sociable person is to achieve a result. Therefore, various methods of influence are used: phone calls, “random” meetings. If you overdo it, then such actions will be regarded as excessive obsession.
You should not consider a sociable person as a nice kind person. In the right situation he can be aggressive, and this manifests itself in the form of evil or witty jokes. True, he rarely resorts to reserve weapons when he needs to state his decision in an authoritarian manner.
Development of communication skills
This skill saves in many situations and helps to prove yourself as a valuable employee, but how to develop sociability in yourself, develop and improve sociability at work? Communication is not given by nature. It is impossible from a gloomy person who does not like communication, avoiding meetings with familiar people, in one day will turn into a pleasant conversationalist. To develop communication skills, follow these recommendations:
Conclusion
Many would like to be sociable and sociable, but, alas, not everyone is given - in part it is the same quality of personality as temperament and character. But if desired or even necessary, even the most unsociable and gloomy person can develop the ability to communicate and disposition to the interlocutor. Sociability is a quality that helps out at work, helps to move up the career ladder. AT pure form the skill is rare and much in a person's ability to communicate in society depends on his life experience, the process of becoming a person, and even childhood memories and impressions.
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Sociability also has negative features: since a person is influenced external circumstances and qualities of character, then often the so-called "ability to communicate" results in obsession or empty talk. In order to reach the golden mean and “remove” the label of a non-sociable girl (or boy) from yourself, you have to work on yourself, and then it is necessary for personal growth and gaining confidence, the quality will please not only you, but also your interlocutors.
Sociability
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Sociability
Sociability is an acquired personality trait, manifested in a person’s ability to use his abilities to build productive interaction as efficiently and adequately as possible. In the scientific paradigm, sociability is a quality that shows not only the ability of a person to communicate, but also to search for compatibility, to establish relationships with other people. It manifests itself in a high ability to work together, and not only as a participant, but also as a leader and organizer of this type of activity. This is key in some specific customer-focused or communications-based activities, but beyond that, communication is often an added bonus in any other line of work.In the field of intimate communication or friendly relations, sociability implies the ability to establish productive contact. Using life examples, this can be expressed as a person’s ability to maintain an interesting dialogue for a long time, the ability to interest the interlocutor, to support, as well as some elements of an empathic understanding of others. From a negative point of view, the word sociability in interpersonal interaction can be equated with talkativeness or importunity, but these concepts do not reflect the full true meaning of the term.
What does it mean
High sociability of a person, as well as a decrease in the level of sociability, are not innate qualities of a person. These parameters are formed individually due to the influence of many factors, including the type nervous system, features of building interaction in the parental family, type of upbringing, individual preferences of a person, internalized from books and the surrounding society. The group of peers and the place of the individual in it occupied, the received psychotraumas or, on the contrary, success stories, a complex and inflated self-esteem also leave an imprint on the level of sociability. As far as it can be seen from the factors that determine sociability, this quality cannot be finally formed by a certain age, but also, in principle, does not imply the final version of development.
Under certain conditions, a person can show high communication skills, while, having changed the social environment, or self-awareness, this level can drop to critically low levels. Awareness of one's social role(whether it is appropriated independently or imposed by a reference group) largely dictates the characteristics of human behavior, which includes communication. So in the environment where you appear as a daughter, brother, son, wife, the level of sociability can increase if there are no intra-family problems. Those who consider themselves a leader may notice inspiration and the ability to negotiate with anyone exclusively within the walls of the office, while losing these skills in banal everyday situations.Communication is a basic human need and the foundation of society. Communication and sociability are key aspects human communication. However, these two close, but far from identical, concepts are often confused. There is a huge difference between the two terms, even though they overlap in many ways. This article will help you understand how communication differs from sociability, talk about their properties and significance.
Communicativeness is one of the components of the mystery of the three "k" (the other two are contact and sociability), but often the confusion in definitions turns the term itself into a riddle. There are only three close meanings of the word:
- Communication is first and foremost a skill. The ability to convey any message, one's feelings, opinions, emotions, conclusions so that they are correctly understood by the interlocutor. On the other hand, it is the ability to perceive information correctly and without distortion. In other words, the term characterizes the level of ability to encode and decode information.
- In addition, communication is not always a human skill. It can qualitatively characterize any communication tool. Everything related to the transfer of information. That is, this term is also understood as a property.
- In addition, communication is often defined as a process of interpersonal interaction, the formation of interpersonal relationships.
In general, communication is most often understood as an acquired skill that a person improves throughout almost his entire life.
Psychologists argue that communication cannot be understood only as a set of skills, because it is also related to the sphere of needs, motivation. In other words, it is determined not only by a set of mechanically trained skills, but also by the aspirations of the individual. A person, in order to have a high level of communication, first of all, feels the need for communication. It should dominate in his system of values.
IMPORTANT. An important role is played by the real empirical experience of a person, his general erudition, the ability to adapt to conditions, especially new and changing ones, environment, his ability to adequately and objectively perceive the world around him and people (perceptual skill), the ability to empathize and understand.
The most important is erudition and the level of proficiency in language tools. The ability to competently, clearly and successfully formulate an idea that can be easily, quickly and effectively conveyed to others - this is communication.
And now we should consider its differences from sociability.
The main differences between sociability and sociability
Like communication, sociability is often also understood as a skill that ensures the correctness and effectiveness of communication, but there is a big difference between these two concepts.
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- First of all, this property is always and only of a person. And the property is positive. This is a deep personality trait that can be either acquired or innate.
- It is not related to the quality of information transfer, but to the quality of communication in an emotional way. In other words, sociability characterizes how a person can win over an interlocutor, how well he can make a favorable impression on him. A simple example: communication and sociability of a teacher. The first is expressed in how accurately and completely he conveys information to students, the second characterizes how well he is able to interest them in this information.
- A sociable person is a flexible person. He knows how to connect with different people in different circumstances and achieve results. Due to charisma, well-delivered speech, confidence and other factors. This is, first of all, the ability to impress, the ability to make the conversation not only informative, but also pleasant.
IMPORTANT. This property should not be confused with simple sociability. A sociable person may not have the listed skills. A conversation with a sociable person will not necessarily be pleasant: he may be intrusive or not polite.
- Sociability is the ability to constructive, pleasant and useful communication. Its level determines the success of a person's social and professional interaction. Many professions directly imply it: journalist, manager, teacher, etc.
What makes communication
Sociability, as a concept, directly implies a high level of communication skills. The message is emotionally perceived better if it is conveyed accurately and in the correct form. But there are other factors as well:
- High level of empathy. Sociability directly implies the ability to listen and understand the interlocutor, his feelings, thoughts and needs.
- The ability to adequately and objectively perceive the environment in which the conversation takes place, and build a conversation with this in mind.
- High self-esteem, self-confidence. Only a confident person is able to effectively influence the interlocutor.
- Charisma and high level.
- High level speech culture, possession of different styles and genres of speech, the ability to apply them in a suitable situation.
Sociability or its absence is not a once and for all established personality parameter. It can be trained like any other skill.
How to develop communication skills
This is an extremely useful skill, without which success in life is almost unthinkable. Therefore, it is important to have it at least not even at the highest level. not easy, especially for people for whom communication in itself is burdensome, but possible.
- Don't avoid social situations. A skill can only be trained through practice. The topic of conversation does not matter, only the process itself is important.
- Create such a situation yourself: strive to be the initiator of the conversation. This will help not only to replenish the skill, but also to remove certain personal barriers.
- Communicate with different people in order to learn how to bypass personal, social, cultural, national and other obstacles in communication.
Exists great amount personal trainings aimed at developing communication skills. In addition, a large number of thematic literature, which may be useful.
Conclusion
Communication, as well as sociability, can be called the foundations of a communicative culture. In fact, they are different facets of the same thing. If the first is connected with the quality of information transmission, then the second is with the quality of the emotional presentation of this very information.
Both skills are equally necessary for successful social, professional and personal interaction. They determine the quality and effectiveness of any communication at the deepest level.
Any communication, including business communication, is primarily communication, that is, the exchange of information that is significant for the participants in communication . The very concept of "communication" (from Latin communicatio - message, connection, way of communication, and this word, in turn, comes from communico - I make common, connect, communicate) denotes the semantic aspect of social interaction.
Communication and its types- is sometimes considered as a process of interaction between people, during which interpersonal relationships arise, manifest and form. Communication involves the exchange of thoughts, feelings, experiences, etc.
Talking about things like communicative personality, it should be borne in mind that this phenomenon must be considered not only as a combination of some characterological properties and qualities that allow the process of communication to be carried out, but also that the communicativeness of a person is a component of the motivational-need sphere. This implies that communication requires the presence of an appropriate orientation of the personality, which determines the social and moral weight of the personality, its needs, interests, beliefs, ideals and corresponding value orientations, which, as a rule, do not directly motivate behavior, but perform a coordinating function, including "filtering".
Communication personalities as a whole is determined by such components as communicative activity, emotional reactivity in communication, communicative confidence, communicative object.
The concept of communicativeness must be supplemented with elements related to the awareness of the activity environment (social and physical) surrounding a person and the ability to influence it in order to achieve one's goals, and in conditions of joint work to make one's actions understandable to others.
Communication - the ability to communicate. Communication, as has already been revealed, is a complex multifaceted process of establishing and developing contacts between people, generated by the needs of joint activities and including the exchange of information, the development of a unified interaction strategy, the perception and understanding of another person.
Effective Communication- communication that contributes to the achievement of the goals of the participants in communication. It involves clarifying the following questions: what are the means of communication and how to use them correctly in the process of communication; how to overcome communication barriers of misunderstanding and make communication successful.
Main communication functions:
Informative - the transmission of true or false information;
Interactive (incentive) - organization of interaction between people, for example, coordination of actions, distribution of functions, influence on the mood, beliefs, behavior of the interlocutor through the use of various forms of influence: suggestion, order, request, persuasion;
Perceptual function - perception of each other by communication partners and the establishment of mutual understanding on this basis;
· expressive - excitation or change in the nature of emotional experiences.
Communication, being a complex socio-psychological process of mutual understanding between people, is carried out through the following main channels: speech (verbal) and non-speech (non-verbal) channels of communication. Verbal (from Latin verbalis - verbal, oral) - in psychology, this term serves to refer to information expressed by a sign, namely a verbal, language system. Studies show that in the daily act of human communication, words make up 7%, sounds and intonations - 38%, non-verbal interaction - 55%.
Verbal communication (verbal communication) uses human speech as a sign system, natural sound language, that is, a system of phonetic signs that includes two principles: lexical and syntactic. Speech is the most universal means of communication, since when information is transmitted through speech, the meaning of the message is least of all lost. Speech, as a means of communication, simultaneously acts both as a source of information and as a way of influencing the interlocutor. The significance of speech for a person is very great: it makes the experience of all mankind the property of individual consciousness, it takes our consciousness beyond the limits of sensory experience. Based on the original form of direct communication in the process of historical In the development of mankind, forms of mediated communication arose and developed. The emergence of writing played a decisive role in their formation, thanks to which it became possible to overcome the “unity of place and time of action” necessary for direct communication. mediated communication- this is communication, in which intermediate links are wedged in the form of a third person, a mechanism, a thing. If, for example, two people are talking on the phone, then mediation can be considered minimal: they hear each other, but cannot touch each other. In the case when one sends a letter to another or transmits a message through third parties, the mediation is significant.
Distinctive features of oral and written speech For a person who has mastered the written language, the scope of communication, and therefore the sources from which he can “draw experience”, is greatly expanded. But at the same time, in communication mediated by writing, mimic and pantomimic means have lost their significance. Yes, and the written speech itself is devoid of many features that are characteristic of oral speech (for example, intonation characteristics closely related to the expression of emotional states). Lomov B.F., 1984, p. 265.
Direct verbal communication most often takes the form conversation
into the structure speech communication includes:
1) The meaning and meaning of words, phrases. An important role is also played by the accuracy of the use of the word, its expressiveness and accessibility, the correct construction of the phrase and its intelligibility, the correct pronunciation of sounds, words, the expressiveness and meaning of intonation.
3) Speech sound phenomena (extralinguistic system): characteristic specific sounds that occur during communication: laughter, grunting, crying, whispering, sighing, etc .; separating sounds are a cough; zero sounds - pauses, as well as nasalization sounds - “hm-hm”, “mg-mg”, etc. All these additions increase semantically significant information, but not through additional speech inclusions, but by “near-speech” techniques.
Dialogue, or dialogic speech, as a specific type of "conversation" is a successive change of communicative roles, during which the meaning of the speech message is revealed, that is, the phenomenon that was designated as "enrichment, development of information" occurs. . Conversation, which has become commonplace for people, is subject to certain rules, has a certain order and structure. N. I. Semechkin (2004) gives the following description of the conversation.
There are three types of conversation:
1) formalized, where the conversation follows a strict, predetermined regulation (for example, negotiations, meetings, conferences, etc.);
2) semi-formalized, where there is no pre-set regulation, but still some canons are observed (small conversations, official receptions);
3) informal, where there are also rules, which, however, regulate not the external, but the internal, essential side of the conversation. These rules are quite flexible, changing depending on the situation (for example, everyday conversations with relatives, acquaintances, random interlocutors).
Regardless of the type, all conversations are subject to a single logic based on rhetorical principles of speech influence.
Business rhetoric uses the following principles of speech influence: accessibility, associativity, sensory, expressiveness, intensity.
Availability assumes the balance of the content of speech, taking into account the cultural and educational level of the listeners, their life and production experience. Many people hear what they want to hear. Therefore, one should take into account the social composition of the audience (pensioners, young people, women, scientists, etc.). An effective method is to update the content, use little-known information (novelty and originality), a combination of diverse information, and their reliability.
Associativity means the challenge of empathy and co-reflection, which is achieved by appealing to the emotional and rational memory of the listeners. For this, such techniques as analogies, references to precedents, figurativeness of the statement are used. A special series of techniques is associated with the involvement of poetry, music, painting, video films, etc.
Sensory provides for the widespread use of color, light, sound, drawings, models in communication. The more thoroughly and versatile human sensations are involved, the more effectively information penetrates into the psyche of people and the process of its development is more active in it.
expressiveness implies the emotional intensity of speech, its emotional subtext, the expressiveness of facial expressions, gestures, posture of the speaker. Such openness from inside the speaker testifies to his complete dedication. Passion, genuine joy or sadness, compassion - all these are specific forms of expressiveness.
Intensity characterizes the rate of presentation of information, the degree of mobility of the speaker during communication. Different information and different people need a differentiated pace of presentation and assimilation of what they hear. It is necessary to take into account the temperament of people, their readiness to accept a particular type of information, their personal interest in it. For example, speeches at the council of the organization and at a street rally, of course, are served at a different pace. In this regard, the orientation of the speaker in the mood of the audience, the ability to offer her an acceptable high-speed mode of assimilation of information are important. These principles of communicative communication become most expressive with the skillful use of rhetorical tools.
Its practical purpose is to give communication communication an impact on the thoughts and feelings of people.
communication effects. This rhetorical toolkit appears as the following set communicative effects: visual image, first phrases, argumentation, quantum release of information, intonation and pause, artistic expressiveness, relaxation, dispersion.
visual image effect calculated on the impression of the appearance of the speaker, which causes sympathy or dislike even before the speaker has begun to speak. Attractive appearance, an elegant manner of communication, a friendly, open look - all this has a positive effect on people before the speaker begins his speech.
The effect of the first phrases, as a rule, reinforces or corrects the initial impression of the speaker. The main criterion for the effect of the initial phrases is the attractive information contained in them. It may be well-known, but presented in a new interpretation, accompanied by original examples. When preparing for a speech, it is very important to determine the main social groups of the audience, the mood and expectations, and the characteristics of the emotional warehouse. Therefore, it is necessary to have a set of initial phrases focused on the social groups that prevail in the audience.
Argumentation effect is based on the logic of the speech, which gives it validity and persuasiveness. If logic is the internal organization of speech, then its external side is theoretical and practical argumentation. To theoretical argument include scientific provisions, concepts, practical - specific facts, figures, statistics.
The effect of quantum burst of information is one of the most effective rhetorical devices for maintaining the attention of the audience. It is based on a premeditated placement of new thoughts and arguments throughout the speech. Thus, the speaker activates attention, throwing out quanta of fresh information at certain time intervals.
Intonation and pause effect a very accessible and productive rhetorical tool. Experts say that intonation and pauses contribute to a 10-15% increase in information. This is the nature of human perception. Giving a word or phrase a certain voice tone, as a rule, causes certain associations in the listening people. As a result, there is an informative increment to what the speaker says. A delicate rhetorical tool is a pause. Its use is effective when there is confidence
the speaker that his listeners are actively involved in the communication process, that their thinking, memory and imagination actively participate in it. It is then that a pause is useful for students to independently comprehend the information received, connect their own knowledge to it.
artistic expressive effect associated with the ability to turn thoughts into appropriate words, competently build sentences, follow the rules of word stress. The logic of speech suggests which phrases are worthy of taking a place in speech. Not every phrase can be inserted into a speech. These can only be phrases that do not violate the meaning of the presentation, provide its speech embodiment, accessible for comprehension.
Relaxation effect used by the speaker to help the audience. The ability to listen is important. The more difficult the speech, the more effort the listeners have to make to concentrate their attention. The purpose of the relaxation effect is to relieve emotional tension. Humor is a classic example of this. Humor creates a natural pause for relaxation and an opportunity to restore emotional energy.
dispersion effect. Let us give the following data: if we indicate the idea of a speech as 100%, then 90% of it takes on a verbal form, of which 80% i received oral sound, while 70% i were heard by the audience, 60% of the amount of information heard were understood, and remained in memory about 25%).
Thus, the communication process is not a transfusion of information from one vessel to another. It is characterized by continuous loss of information and subjective distortion. There are many reasons for this. One of them in rhetoric is denoted by the concept of "dispersion loss". By them is meant the dissemination of information as it is received from the speaker.
Features and significance of the non-verbal channel of communication. In the process of communication, along with mutual information, people also interact with each other. An important role in the analysis of this side of communication is played by the motives of the communicants, their goals, attitudes, etc. For a more complete consideration of them, it is necessary to turn to the non-verbal channel of communication, to those sign systems that are included in communication in addition to speech. Every year, scientists become more and more convinced of how significant non-verbal means are in the course of human interaction. Note that this circumstance is confirmed in experiments conducted mainly by psychologists.In particular, Albert Meyerabian found that the transmission of information occurs through verbal means (only words) by 7%, by sound means (including tone of voice, intonation) by 38% and by non-verbal means - by 55%. Professor Birdwistell, doing similar research, found that the average person only speaks words for 10-11 minutes a day, and that each sentence lasts no more than 2.5 seconds on average. Like Meyerabian, he found that less than 35% of the information in a conversation is verbal, while more than 65% of the information is conveyed through non-verbal means.
These data eloquently speak of the decisive importance of non-verbals for the psychology of communication and mutual understanding of people, and pay special attention to the significance of human gestures and facial expressions.
Regarding the features of body language, we also note that its manifestation is due to the impulses of our subconscious, and the inability to fake these impulses allows us to trust this language more than the usual verbal communication channel. “Body language is more truthful than the language of words,” Horst Rückle rightly remarks on this matter.
Most researchers share the opinion that the verbal (verbal) channel is used to convey information, while the non-verbal channel is used to discuss interpersonal relationships, conveying emotions, and in some cases is used instead of verbal messages. Non-verbal communication, according to N.N. Obozov, fills communication with living human content, as it were, and is especially important in the transfer of emotional states, acting as a kind of address to each other.
Non-verbal communication (non-verbal communication) includes the following main sign systems (a set of visual, acoustic, tactile, kinesic, proxemic, acoustic, paralinguistic and extralinguistic means of communication): 1) optical-kinetic (gestures, facial expressions, pantomimics - movement and postures, direction of gaze, visual contact, redness and blanching of the skin, motility stereotypes); 2) para- and extralinguistic, 3) organization of space and time of the communicative process (proxemics), 4) subject contact, tactile actions (handshakes, hugs, kisses, pats, pushes, strokes, touches, slaps, blows); 5) olfactory (associated with smell).
The totality of these tools is necessary to implement the following communication functions:
addition of speech and substitution of speech;
Representation of the emotional states of partners in the communicative process, detection of the intentions of the interlocutor;
creation and support of psychological contact, its regulation in the process of communication;
giving new semantic shades of the reported information, directing the process of interpreting words and expressions in the right direction;
Expression of the accepted role, the meaning of the situation;
strengthening of verbal influence, etc.
Most researchers agree that with the help of words information is transmitted mainly, and with the help of gestures - a different attitude to this information, and sometimes gestures can replace words.
Optical-kinetic system of signs includes:
Gestures - movements that convey the mental state of a person speaking or thinking to himself;
facial expressions - movements of the muscles of the face, reflecting the internal emotional state;
pantomime - the dynamic state of the posture at a particular moment of communication;
eye contact - intensity, duration, frequency of exchange of glances from interlocutors.
Spatio-temporal organization of communication. The science that studies the location of people in space during communication is called proxemics. The organization of space and time of the communicative process also acts as a special sign system, carries a semantic load as a component of the communicative situation. So, for example, placing partners facing each other contributes to the emergence of contact, symbolizes attention to the speaker, while a shout in the back can also have a certain negative value.
Proxemics- a special area dealing with the norms of the spatial and temporal organization of communication; currently has a large amount of experimental material. The founder of proxemics - E. Hall calls it "spatial psychology". He investigated the first forms of spatial organization of communication in animals; proposed a special method for assessing the intimacy of human communication based on the study of the organization of its space; fixed, for example, the norms of approaching a person to a communication partner, characteristic of American culture: intimate distance (0 - 45 cm); personal distance (45 - 120 cm), social distance (120 - 400 cm); public distance (400 - 750 cm).
Intimate area (0 - 45 cm). Only close, well-known people are allowed into this zone, this zone is characterized by trust, a low voice in communication, tactile contact, and touch. Studies show that violation of the intimate zone entails certain physiological changes in the body: increased heart rate, increased release of adrenaline, a rush of blood to the head, etc. Premature intrusion into the intimate zone in the process of communication is always perceived by the interlocutor as an attack on his immunity.
The personal or personal zone (45 - 120 cm) is intended for everyday conversation with friends and colleagues and involves only visual-visual contact between partners who support the conversation.
The social zone (120 - 400 cm) is usually observed during official meetings in offices, teaching and other office premises, as a rule, with those people who are not very well known.
The public area (over 400 cm) implies communication with big group people (in a lecture hall, at a rally, etc.).
These data are of great practical importance, primarily in the analysis of the success of various discussion groups.
Thus, the analysis of all systems of non-verbal communication shows that they undoubtedly play a large auxiliary (and sometimes independent) role in the communicative process.
Reasons for poor communication can be:
- stereotypes - simplified opinions about individuals or situations, resulting in no objective analysis and understanding of people, situations, problems;
- "preconceived notions" - the tendency to reject everything that contradicts one's own views, what is new, unusual. We rarely realize that another person's interpretation of events is just as legitimate as our own;
- bad relationship between people, because if a person's attitude is hostile, then it is difficult to convince him of the justice of your view;
- lack of attention and interest of the interlocutor - and interest arises when a person realizes the importance of information for himself: with the help of this information, you can get what you want or prevent an undesirable development of events;
- disregard for facts, i.e. the habit of drawing conclusions-conclusions in the absence of a sufficient number of facts;
- errors in the construction of statements: the wrong choice of words, the complexity of the message, weak persuasiveness, illogicality, etc. etc.;
- wrong choice of strategy and tactics of communication. Communication strategies: 1) open - closed communication; 2) monologue - dialogical; 3) role-playing (based on the social role) - personal (heart-to-heart communication).
Communication
an innate or acquired ability, skill, ability to correctly convey one’s thoughts, feelings, emotions so that they are correctly (intelligibly) understood, perceived by another person (interlocutor) or people, i.e. the ability (skill, ability) to encode, decode, recode the transmitted information in such a way that it is received and decoded by the recipient without distortion (or noise). Communication is the basis for the transition from intralingual (mono-lingual) communication to interlingual (bilingual) communication, i.e. to the use of signs of one language by linguistic signs of another.
Explanatory translation dictionary. - 3rd edition, revised. - M.: Flinta: Science. L.L. Nelyubin. 2003 .
Synonyms:See what "communication" is in other dictionaries:
communication- noun, number of synonyms: 1 sociability (5) ASIS synonym dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary
COMMUNICATION- COMMUNICATION. The basic category of methodology, interpreted as a model of the communication process (at the theoretical level) and as a technology for teaching communication, in which all the main characteristics and qualities inherent in communication are observed (at the practical level ...
Communication- (lat. - connecting, communicating) - a positive moral and ethical quality of a person, expressing a person's predisposition to communication, to establishing contacts, connections, relationships. Outwardly, this quality manifests itself as sociability, as ... ... Fundamentals of spiritual culture ( encyclopedic Dictionary teacher)
Communication- and. distraction noun according to adj. communicative 2. Explanatory Dictionary of Efremova. T. F. Efremova. 2000... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language Efremova
communication- the same as communication. New dictionary of foreign words. by EdwART, 2009 … Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language
communication- communication and... Russian spelling dictionary
Communication- ability, inclination to communication (transfer of information in the process of communication), to establish contacts, connections to communication. (Kolycheva Z.I. Noospheric pedagogy as a new educational paradigm. St. Petersburg, 2004. P. 176) Ch481.352.25 ... Pedagogical terminological dictionary
Communication- The ability to establish social and verbal connections, sociability. It is determined by the type of higher nervous activity, the type of accentuation of a person's character. For disabled people, K. is one of the main motives for physical exercise and ... ... Adaptive Physical Culture. Concise Encyclopedic Dictionary
COMMUNICATIVITY OF LEARNING- COMMUNICATIVITY OF LEARNING. Such an organization and orientation of language classes, in which the goal of learning is related to ensuring that the learning process is as close as possible to the real process of communication in the target language in all or several ... ... A new dictionary of methodological terms and concepts (theory and practice of teaching languages)
1. The quality (category) of the text, in the most general view reflecting the certainty of a speech work by its functioning in the act of speech communication. Communication reflects the ability of the text to realize its purpose, assigned to ... ... Explanatory Translation Dictionary
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Do you consider yourself a sociable person? Or are you just sociable? Maybe you think they are one and the same? It turns out not! You can be a sociable person and not at all sociable. Let's figure this out. Let's open the dictionary and read: "Sociable - one with whom it is easy to communicate, deal, establish contacts" (Ozhegov's dictionary). If a person is sociable, this does not mean that it is easy and pleasant to communicate with others. There are over-communicative people who impose their conversations on everyone who happens to be around. And there are silent people from whom you can’t get a word out ... But they know how to listen, and it’s easy to be silent with them ... Very often in modern speech we also use the concept of “communicative abilities”, but what does this mean? The word "communication" is taken from the world of technology, where it means "a way of communication, a form of communication." In linguistics, this word denotes the ability to communicate between communicants. Therefore, communicativeness implies fluency in linguistic means at all levels: phonetic, lexico-semantic, morphological and syntactic. Communication skills are reflected in the activity of the speaker and writer.
What kind of person are you? How sociable and sociable are you? Do you want to check? Answer the questions “yes” or “no” (and try to answer as honestly as possible):
1. Do you like listening more than talking?
2. Can you always find a topic for conversation even with a stranger?
3. Do you always listen carefully to your interlocutor?
4. Do you like to give advice?
5. If you are not interested in a topic for conversation, will you show it to your interlocutor?
6. Do you get irritated when people don't listen to you?
7. Do you have your own opinion on any issue?
8. If the topic of conversation is unfamiliar to you, will you develop it?
9. Do you like being the center of attention?
10. Are there at least three subjects in which you are the undisputed expert?
11. Are you a good speaker?
For positive answers to questions 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9. 10, 11, give yourself one point each and add them up.
1-3 points. It's hard to tell if you're a dumbass. From which you can’t get a word out, or is so uncommunicative that people avoid communicating with you. But the fact remains: communication with you is not always pleasant and often extremely difficult.
4-8 points. You may not be a very sociable person, but you are always an attentive and pleasant conversationalist, although you can be very absent-minded when you are not in the mood, but you do not require special attention to your person at such moments.
9-11 points. You are probably one of the nicest people to talk to. It is unlikely that friends can do without you. It's fine. There is only one question: do you really enjoy your role all the time or do you sometimes have to play like on stage?