What is the azimuth of the east direction. Emergency azimuth South-West, go to the area of the city hospital
Multi-stage cup of the Stavropol Territory
"Caucasian Mineral Waters Parallel" 2016
Stage 4
Technical information
04.09.2016 Classic (30-60 min.) 0830021811Я
terrain- represented by the South-Western, Eastern slopes of Mount Razvalka. Northern slope of Zheleznaya mountain. Lots of rocks and rubble. The relief is mountainous, strongly rugged. Medium and, sometimes, small forms predominate. Soils are predominantly clayey, chernozem, on the slopes of Mt. Razvalka is stony. At the moment, due to drought hard. The vegetation is medium and difficult to pass, represented by deciduous forest and local areas of pine. Lots of thorny bushes in open areas. Developed network of trails and roads, rectangular clearings through 300-400m. (clearings have their own peculiarity - closed crowns of trees and are not always noticeable when crossing them, especially in ravines.
Map- Scale-1:10000, relief section 5 meters. Prepared based on the materials of Viktor Trunov (Belgorod), Yuri Yanin (Moscow) -1996-97. Edited in 2009-2012-2014-2015. Victor Kosenko (Zheleznovodsk).
Competition boundaries - North mountain Razvalka. East - the lower health path to the cave under the mountain Saltpeter. South - health path around Mount Zheleznaya. West outskirts of the city.
Dangerous places - steep rocky slopes, household garbage.
Emergency azimuth South-West, go to the area of the city hospital.
Distance options.
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From the start to the starting point of orienteering 140 meters, between start and finish 30 meters, from the last checkpoint to the finish line 50 meters. Passage to the competition center, see the diagram.
Hi all! In continuation of the topic on orienteering, as promised, I propose an article, azimuth and how to determine it. In any campaign or journey, when using a map, if poor visibility or terrain does not allow you to visually compare the map and the terrain, determining the azimuth and moving along it will greatly facilitate the task of orienting. So what is azimuth?
Azimuth is the angle between the direction of the geographic meridian and the direction to any remote object from the observation point (denoted as Am). Azimuth is measured in degrees and can range from 0° to 360°, usually measured clockwise. Azimuths can be direct and reverse. Direct azimuth, clockwise from 0°, it shows the direction from the observer to the object. Back azimuth, shows the direction, from the subject to the observer. To get the back azimuth, you need to add 180 ° to the forward azimuth if the forward azimuth is less than 180 °, or subtract this value if more than 180 °. Example: direct azimuth, to a lone tree 330°, then the reverse azimuth will be: 330°-180°=150°. To quickly determine landmarks, you need to remember the directions of the main and intermediate sides of the horizon in degrees, clockwise: North - 0 ° (or 360 °, if counterclockwise), East - 90 °, Northeast - 45 °, Southeast - 135°, South - 180°, Southwest - 225°, West - 270°, Northwest - 315°.
When determining the cardinal points (horizon), one must take into account that the geographic and magnetic poles of the earth do not coincide, they are at some distance from each other. Therefore, the compass needle does not point exactly to the North, but a little to the side, to the North magnetic pole. The same thing happens with the South Pole, in the southern hemisphere of the earth. To avoid confusion in the calculations, you need to know that any map is oriented to the geographic pole, and the compass needle points to the magnetic pole. The difference between them is a few degrees, this angle is called, Magnetic declination. Magnetic declination, may be East, the compass needle deviates east of the true (geographic) meridian and is indicated by "+". Or Western, the deviation of the arrow to the west and the designation "-". This difference must be taken into account when transferring the azimuth obtained on the map (true azimuth) to the azimuth along which you will go using a compass (magnetic azimuth). When translating the true azimuth into magnetic, with an easterly declination, the true azimuth must be reduced by the value of the declination, with a western increase. The magnitude of the magnetic declination is not the same in different areas, for example: for the Moscow region it is +7, +8 ° (Eastern declination), but in general in Russia it varies significantly. There is a site where you can determine the magnetic declination for any point on the earth.
To determine the azimuth on the ground using a compass, stand facing the landmark, the direction to which must be determined by rotating the compass, combine the northern end of the compass needle with zero division on the limb (compass dial). Further, leaving the compass body motionless and making sure that the arrow does not deviate from the zero division, we rotate the sighting device until the rear sight is aimed at the object whose azimuth must be determined. We note about which number on the limb, the pointer-triangle stopped, we combine in one line, the object, the front sight and the rear sight, the resulting angle between the compass needle and the orientation object and there will be the required azimuth.
Next, consider the methods of movement on the map, using a pre-laid route, in azimuths. The number of landmarks and the choice of the route of movement are determined depending on the nature of the terrain, tasks and conditions of the upcoming movement. The main thing is to choose a route that would provide a quick exit to the designated landmark (object). Therefore, it is desirable to choose a route without unnecessary turns, with sections that are most convenient for movement, taking into account the avoidance of obstacles encountered on the ground. And so, we select the landmarks and connect them with straight lines (example in the figure) if they do not intersect the grid lines on the map, they must be continued until the intersection, this is done to facilitate the determination of the azimuth angles. After that, on the map, for each segment of the route, we determine the directional angle and, introducing a direction correction, translate it into a magnetic azimuth, which we write on the map opposite the corresponding section. This angle is measured clockwise, using a protractor or compass. This is done like this, we lay down a map with a drawn route on a flat surface, orient it as accurately as possible according to the compass, taking into account the direction correction. Then, without changing the orientation of the map, we apply the compass to the first line of the route, so that the direction North - South coincides with the drawn direction, while the North should be directed in the direction of movement. After the compass needle calms down, we make a reading along the compass dial, under its northern end, subtract the resulting number from 360 ° and get the magnetic azimuth of the desired direction. For example (in the figure) in the first section, the magnetic azimuth is: 360°-340°=20°, the azimuth of the second section: 360°-30°=330°, in the same way, sequentially, we determine the azimuths of all other sections of the route. Next, we measure the length of each section, on the ground this can be done using the method, pairs of steps (average length of 2 pairs of steps = 1.5 meters), example: if the distance of the section is 1200m, then in pairs of steps it will be: 1200: 1.5= 800 pairs of steps. It is also desirable to record the time of passage of each section by the clock. All data is also recorded on the map, against their sites.
When moving along azimuths, on the ground, there may be all kinds of obstacles (forest blockages, swamps, lakes, etc.) that are easier to bypass than to overcome. Therefore, you need to be able to bypass obstacles without losing orientation. Consider two ways to bypass obstacles, 1 when the opposite side of the obstacle is visible (Fig. a), 2 when the opposite side of the obstacle is not visible (Fig. b). In the first case, everything is simple: we notice a landmark in the direction of movement, on the opposite side of the obstacle, and without losing sight of it, go around the obstacle, continue moving along the planned route, from the landmark that was used during the bypass (Fig. a). The second case is more complicated, we act as follows, example: (Fig. b) suppose that the movement was made along the azimuth of 50 ° and 340 pairs of steps were passed before stopping in front of the obstacle. After studying the terrain, it was decided to bypass the obstacle on the left side. We determine by compass, the azimuth of the direction along the obstacle (from point A to point B), we continue to move in this direction, while counting, in pairs of steps, to the right border of the obstacle. In the figure, the azimuth from point A to point B is 320°, and the distance traveled is 142 pairs of steps. We stop at point B, determine by compass, the direction of the initial azimuth along which you were moving, before meeting with an obstacle of 50 °, we continue to move until we go over the obstacle and keep counting in pairs of steps, from point B to go beyond the obstacle to point C, in the figure , the distance is 238 pairs of steps. From point C we move to the right, we already have data on the azimuth of movement from point A to point B, we translate them into reverse azimuth (in the figure, the reverse azimuth is 140 °) and move from point C, along the reverse azimuth, counting exactly 142 pairs of steps , this will be point D, at point D, again we determine by compass, the direction of the azimuth of the initial movement is 50 ° and continue moving along the intended route. Be sure to save the obstacle avoidance data and add distances to the route, this will help calculate the distance traveled when returning along the same azimuths.
If the situation allows, it is best to bypass obstacles along linear landmarks, these can be clearings, rivers, streams, power lines, their azimuths are determined and marked on the map in advance, this will greatly facilitate your orientation on the move. At the slightest doubt, in the correctness of the movement, in both of the above cases, it is necessary to stop and clarify your location by carefully comparing the map with the terrain, an example of the correct comparison of the map with the terrain is shown in the figure above.
For precise orientation of the map, you can use an ordinary pencil, attaching it to the symbol of the landmark on the map (example in the figure, bridge), combine its direction with the direction of the landmark on the ground. Then they check whether all local objects and landforms located on the ground, to the right and left of the bridge, have the same location on the map. If all conditions match, the map is oriented correctly. And finally, the main reasons for orientation errors are not in faulty equipment, but in the lack of skills and experience in using this equipment, constant training and improving your knowledge in this area will help you find your way to the place you need in a critical situation. To start orienteering training, it is not even necessary to leave the house, it is enough to determine the point of your stay in the room and from it determine the azimuths of objects in this room.
According to the materials of the sites: www.voennizdat.com www.im-turist.ru the rest with the world by thread.
The optimal route between the given points will help to make our map. With its help, you can determine the shortest distance from the garden partnership Azimuth to Southwest. The length of the route from the garden partnership Azimuth to the South-West along the highway is 0 km. In order to plot a route on the map, you should enter the starting and ending point of the movement and click on the "Calculate" button. The resulting path is indicated on the map by a bold line. To print the map from the garden partnership Azimuth to South-West, click on the printer image above the map. A trip along a self-constructed route is convenient because the transit points you need are taken into account. This helps to avoid the difficulties that may arise when driving along the Azimut-South-West Garden Partnership highway. You can also choose places to rest on your route. Our service will also help you find out the time you will spend on the road from the garden partnership Azimuth to the South-West. Based on the average vehicle speed, the travel time is 0 h.0 min.Traveling should be fun! To achieve this goal, the specific features of the chosen route should be taken into account. This will determine how quickly and safely you can reach your destination. So, for example, if your path passes through a territory with a large number of settlements, then you do not need to worry about a large amount of gasoline in the tank in advance. If the road bypasses densely populated areas, then it is required to determine in advance the area where refueling will be performed. In addition, everyone knows that the quality of gasoline at different gas stations can vary greatly. When traveling long distances, try to refuel your car at trusted petrol stations.