Do-it-yourself metal and frame drawing of a garage. Choosing a garage project
For all motorists, a garage is a vital building, almost more than own house. A garage project must be drawn up before construction begins. The type of material is determined, the cost is calculated, a place on the site is selected, and only after that construction begins. It is the project that determines what it will be like when construction is completed. a long period of time is considered, all the pros and cons are determined, and only after that they begin construction.
It is worth figuring out exactly how a garage project is created, what is the design sequence, what nuances you should pay attention to. What problems may beginners encounter when designing and . And how easy it will be to cope if you resort to all the recommendations that will be given below. And it will become clear that a do-it-yourself garage is not so difficult.
It is necessary to clearly determine the size of the building. In most cases, the garage is used not only for the car. Often they are built with a workshop, they have a place for storing conservation or tools. If the garage is located on suburban area, then it is worth considering a place to store inventory.
Even if, apart from the car, there is nothing inside the building, then the following dimensions must be observed: 50 cm in front of the car, 80 cm on the sides, no more than 30 cm can be left behind. In general, the entire area for the car will take about 18 square meters.
You should rationally use the space on the sides. If he uses a typical garage project, then its dimensions and the dimensions of the gate correspond to the diagram. If it is not possible to build a large garage, then the gate can be moved a little to the side, closer to the right side, so that there is more space for the driver to exit. The gates themselves should have a width of about 2.5 meters and a height of about 2 meters. Of course, if the garage is not intended for trucks. This is for those cases when the gate is made independently. In the case when ready-made garage projects are used, it is worth discussing with the company all issues related to the dimensions of the building.
The location of the building on the site can be any, depending on convenience. It can be built into the house, attached to it, or stand alone. There are no specific requirements for accommodation, the main thing is that the owner himself should be comfortable and there is a place for washing the car. It is worth observing the convenience of the entrance to it. You should not place it far from the gate, as you will need special paths through the entire site. By rationally placing the building, the owner guarantees a reduction in other costs and saving space in the yard.
Once the dimensions and placement of the garage on the site have been determined, it is worth creating a drawing of the garage, which will be followed throughout the construction.
Built-in car housing
This type of building is located in the basement of the house. It has a large number of benefits. These include:
- Space saving. It is especially appropriate for standard plots with a size of only 6 acres.
- Savings on materials. The garage floors are the floors of the first floor. And the walls are the foundation.
- Such a building can be left without heating. After all, there will be plenty of heat from the house.
As can be seen from the listed advantages, the main advantage of such a garage is its efficiency.
The disadvantages include:
- The slope at the entrance of the car should not be more than 20 degrees. Otherwise in winter period it is almost impossible to get out of such a garage. And this indicates that the first floor will be located quite high.
- It is worth paying great attention to waterproofing. After all, groundwater and sewage rainwater will constantly try to get inside.
- In addition, you need to make insulation from exhaust smoke and gasoline fumes, which will rise up, which means straight into the house.
- Ebbs will have to be placed in front of the gates of the building, and behind them an elevation so that water does not get inside.
If the owner decides to design a garage, then it is worth observing all safety rules. It is necessary to install locks in case a large amount of water gets inside.
Garage facade drawings
In addition, it is worth taking care of the funds fire safety, after all, when setting fire to the garage before the fire in the house is within easy reach. Therefore, all heating system all precautions must be taken. The garage needs to be ventilated.
Attached and detached garages
If there is a small space near the house, then you can make an attached garage project.
Construction of this type is much more economical than others. It is advisable to build it on the side that is farthest from the living rooms.
Such a building has a wall and a roof in common with the house. The problem of flooding is no longer terrible for her. The garage rises to a height of 20-30 cm above ground level. The building is most often built of brick or blocks. Exterior decoration is designed to match the style of the house to create a picture of integrity. This type of garage is very popular and enjoys prestige among motorists. The pluses include the fact that you don’t have to pull communications too far, because they are all behind the wall. Among the minuses, one can single out the danger to the house in case of a fire in the garage, because only one wall separates them. For the construction of such a garage, there is a special scheme, following which its construction will be simple, and no harm will be done to the house. It is worth noting that this type of garage is rarely suitable for trucks.
Separately standing garage. This type of building can be talked about for the longest time, but we will briefly describe it. It takes up the most space on the site of all options. But at the same time it is the safest, as it does not have contact with the house. For such a building, you can create both a project for a small garage, and a large one for trucks. The disadvantages include: the uneconomical space of the site, as well as the complexity of conducting various communications.
When building it with your own hands, there must be a certain scheme of actions that must be followed. You can choose any type of material: from iron to a monolithic structure. Garage worth building strip foundation, which will rise 20 cm above ground level.
Summing up
Garage planning is a complex and responsible process. It allows you to calculate all the conditions of construction from placement to the type of material and communications. When building any type of garage, there is an action plan and design standards that must be followed. Any type of building can be built with your own hands. The main thing is not to forget about the safety of the premises. If the owner clearly knows what he wants to get from the future building, then the layout of the garage will not be difficult for him.
The most important part of any building is design. We suggest considering how to make a drawing of a garage from corrugated board, a frame project, as well as step-by-step instruction and advice on developing a scheme for a structure from a metal profile.
Primary requirements
Before starting drawing work, you need to figure out what shape the building will be: a pencil case garage, like in a car service, with or without a basement, what gates will be, you need a building for trucks or cars. After that, you need to consider what materials you will build a garage from. Many experts advise working with foam blocks, it is convenient to make decor using sandwich panels and corrugated board, especially if the garage is a shell. The plan must be concrete foundation, garage doors, monolithic reinforced concrete belt, wooden beams, ventilation, if necessary, sewerage, basement, roof rafters and corrugated flooring.
Photo - Garage shell
You can choose any other design that is convenient for you, but it is more convenient to work with large building materials, stone, shell rock, large bricks, etc. We also advise you to take into account the winter period during construction. Foam blocks, shell rock can do without additional insulation, they retain temperature well, allow air to pass through and are environmentally friendly building materials.
Video: metal profile garage
How to draw correctly
Depending on what goal you are pursuing during the construction of a wooden or stone garage for a car, the drawing technology will change. If you work exclusively for yourself in order to speed up the construction of a building, then you do not have to adhere to any norms, GOSTs or SNiP standards. But in the event that the project is subsequently approved in public service, You will use the services of construction companies or plan to sell the garage, you need to work according to all the rules.
Photo - General view of the garage
You can work the old fashioned way on a regular sheet of A3 paper or with the help of special drawing programs - AutoCAD, Solitworks and others. We will consider operating principles for technical professional documentation. The layout starts from the foundation, after that you plan the walls, make a sweep, develop the ventilation system in the room, the sewerage system, the pit and the stairs for it, the locations of the switches and lamps, then proceed to the drawing of the roof.
Photo - Drawing of a garage in autocad
Drawing norms
Drawing a garage in special software is much easier than using graph paper. There are many advantages of working in AutoCAD:
- Speed, with one movement of the hand you can create a whole figure;
- High quality, if you have all modes correctly configured, it is almost impossible to draw a line incorrectly;
- Often, normative parameters are already built into the program, which means that you will correctly shade various materials, show sockets, sewer and electrical outlets on the drawing;
- You can visually check the accuracy of your calculations using technological map make an estimate.
To draw a garage in AutoCAD, you will need:
- Open AutoCAD. There are two types of work in the program: ModelSpace and PaperSpace. Your drawing should always be made in ModelSpace, and dimensions that are added later should be submitted to PaperSpace. Use the tabs at the bottom of the screen to switch between ModelSpace and PaperSpace. One tab is labeled "ModelSpace", the other is labeled "Paper" or "Maket".
- Set units. Engineers represent units differently: feet, meters, etc. To ensure accuracy and eliminate confusion, it is important that the drawing is done in one metric system, preferably the one used in your country.
- Select the toolbars that will be used throughout the drawing. To do this, move the mouse cursor over an empty space at the top of the screen next to the toolbars. Then right click and select AutoCAD. A long list should appear, showing various toolbars containing various commands. The most popular toolbars, which are used for 2D drawings, you can change the properties of the toolbar object in them, move them to the side to create space for the drawing.
- Include the OSNAP drawing. OSNAP mode, related to object snaps, is extremely useful property when creating a drawing. It allows you to see where the middle and end point of the line is, the tangent in a circle, and other useful information. To enable OSNAP, press the F3 button on your keyboard. After that, in the lower toolbar, find the symbol that depicts this property, right-click on it and select "Select All".
Helpful Hints:
- "ESC" - cancels the command, this can also be done using "Ctrl" + "Z";
- Erase - deletes an object, line, or other element. E ‘+’ ENTER ‘key;
- Circle - creates a circle with a given radius. "C" + "ENTER" value -> a way to draw a circle of the desired size;
- Trimmer − Trims the string at an earlier intersection point.
After all preparatory work draw an axial line, this will be the central axial line, along which we will check the symmetry of the construction. Schematically, the foundation is depicted as a collapsible rectangle. It needs to be hatched with special hatching, which will make it clear to the builder what material the base will be made of.
Photo - An example of a foundation drawing
Next comes the walls. If you are building metal garage with your own hands, then you need to do general form garage: top view and sweep. Of course, you can do without the latter, but its presence will help give an idea of the accuracy of calculations, the location of conductors, racks, sockets, ladders, presses, etc.
Photo - Gate drawing
After you have finished sketching the walls, it's time to start drawing the roof. You and I are learning to make not a general view, an engineering one, which is used in complex construction projects, but detailing, i.e. image of the individual components of the garage or house.
The roof is drawn in the same way as the entire array. You need to draw a center line, depending on the shape of the roof, measure the required distance from it. It is easiest to work with either an envelope roof or a shed roof. We depict all openings and elements on the roof: downpipes, boiler chimney, snow retainers, windows for the attic model, etc. It is also very important to choose the right shading for the image. building material. In addition to the main view of the roof, you must also develop its section, in which the roofing cake, rafters and heaters will be visible.
Photo - Roof in the garage
After making the main view, the frame and the top view, you need to work on the sectional view, it is especially necessary if you need to have a viewing hole in the garage for the car, iron chimney from profile pipe or basement. The upper structure of a brick garage, cellar, should be slightly larger than the lower part, this will ensure the stability of the structure.
Photo - Sectional Garage
At the end of the drawing of the roof, you need to consider the location of the heating equipment. In any case, heating will be necessary, we are not talking about complex systems, it is quite enough to install portable wood-burning stoves (potbelly stoves). Also, for heating utility rooms, devices using waste fuel (oil, cake, coal, wood), a diesel installation are often used. The image of such automatic devices is made schematically.
Photo - Scheme of a prefabricated garage
Next, swing gates, locking mechanisms for swing fences, and a latch of a metalwork lock are drawn. It is most convenient to work with a scale, and small details should be done in natural size. Be sure to sign and date the finished drawing, on the basis of this document, reporting documentation, a home-made estimate of the garage, and a draft law on building permits at the BTI are compiled.
Every person who wants to have a car or who has already bought it, first of all, keeps in mind the garage project for his “iron friend”. Any car owner wants to have a specific and convenient place to park and service the car.
Single garage
Of course, with the current development of car repair and maintenance services, you can get by with just a parking space, but this is comparable to a shelf in a reserved seat car - life goes on, but with minimal amenities.
Types of garages
Modern architecture has made a huge step forward due to the emergence of new building materials and the development of technologies. Naturally, the construction and layout of the garage also did not stand aside. Truck garages, categorized as industrial buildings, have not changed much. They remained in the classical layout.
This is a building that includes a large covered space, where there is an equipped workshop. The development of multi-storey and cottage housing construction gave impetus to the development of a huge variety of premises for passenger vehicles.
For trucks, a project is being drawn up for a large garage, which is being built as a separate industrial facility, including both a workshop and areas for arranging special modules for the repair of heavy and bulky parts.
The private owner wants a project of a small, but his own garage with a workshop in which he can do everything. necessary work car care and repair. He draws up drawings and a plan for the garage, which today combines many of the functions necessary for housekeeping.
We have separately
This is a traditional and classic version of the car box project. You can put a garage with your own hands separately from the house only if the space and layout of the site allow you to do this.
The box is always located next to the fence or the entrance to the land plot itself. Already directly to the garage itself, various utility buildings: barn, showers, woodshed.
The scheme of such a layout of the site is obviously predisposed to a reduced fire hazard for the house. In Soviet times, the garage had to be located at a distance of more than 25 meters from the living quarters. To date, such a standard does not exist, and the autobox can be placed where it seems better and more convenient for you.
Built-in and attached garages
This type of garage appeared 5-6 years ago, when the construction of two-three-storey private houses began to develop. Each owner of such a house, as a rule, already had a car and tried to keep it always at hand. Accordingly, the design of the garage was included in the planning of the entire building of the house. Garages were usually located in the basement or on the north side of the house and had an entrance directly from the living area.
The garage neatly fit into the design and decoration of the residential building and in most cases made it possible to make the architecture of the house different from typical buildings. At the same time, such a layout of the garage made it possible to use the foundation and load-bearing walls as economically as possible. Such a scheme provided an opportunity to most fully equip housing, since a cellar was dug out in the garage, a pantry was created for storing inventory.
The gates in such garages went directly to the road, and the driveway to this room was asphalted. If space allowed, the enterprising owners arranged before entering the garage and a platform for washing a car, equipped with a drain sewer.
The gates in such boxes (if it is not a garage for a truck) had a width of 2.3-2.5 meters and a height of up to two meters.
Garage complexes
In the city itself, where every centimeter of space is worth its weight in gold and is used with maximum effect, they began to build multi-storey garages that could be located both on the surface and underground. The number of floors in such buildings could reach five levels.
Naturally, such a room had minimum dimensions, and the owner of the garage (parking lot) had to plan the use of the entire space as efficiently as possible.
At the beginning of this century, in the capital of Georgia, Tbilisi, a very interesting solution was found and implemented for the location of garages in a modern urbanized city. Everyone knows that Georgia is located in a mountainous and rocky area, and it is quite difficult to build high-rise buildings there.
House plan with built-in garage
During the construction of another high-rise building, Georgian architects planned the location of garages for car owners living in it in such a way that garage areas were located on the side of each floor and were designed for 3-5 cars. The result was a nine-story garage complex attached to the building and equipped with a separate bodice.
Dimensions
Having decided to build a garage with your own hands, you need to draw up a drawing of the garage, decide whether it will be with or without a workshop, and look into the standard design standards for such structures. Despite the fact that this is a non-residential premises, it has its own characteristics of operation.
A typical garage project for one car includes a useful area of about 18 square meters. m and has the following parameters:
- the distance from the rear wall to the machine must be at least half a meter;
- in order to be able to freely open the car doors, there should be more than 0.7 meters from the sides of the car to the walls;
- the gates must be closed so that 0.2-0.3 meters remain before the car.
The length, width and height of the room are determined based on the size of the car, and depending on what kind of layout is planned. Indeed, often a garage is used not only for parking a car, but also combines the properties of a small workshop, a place for storing winter food and vegetables, a pantry for various things and tools.
When a garage is being built with your own hands, and it is being started as a multifunctional room, it must be taken into account that the best option placing the car in the garage is its offset to the left wall. In accordance with this, the layout of the gate also occurs.
If it is planned to build a garage on garden plot, then the layout of the garage is made taking into account the allocation of space for storing various household and garden tools and equipment. It stores walk-behind tractors, mowers, and it can have the dimensions of a room for trucks.