Mrot in Russia by years. Minimum wage in Russia by years Northwestern Federal District
State regulation in Russia, in accordance with the constitution, is of a social nature; for these purposes, a standard was introduced minimum size wages - The minimum wage in Russia.
What is the minimum wage in Russia
The minimum wage (abbreviated minimum wage) is the established minimum wage per hour, day or month (year) that an employer can (should) pay his employee and for which the employee can legally sell his labor.
- The minimum wage can be established legally and informally, for example, by signing an industry agreement between a trade union and a consolidated employer (tariff agreement).
- Although the minimum size is applied in many countries, there is no unambiguous opinion about the benefits and harm that such a minimum brings.
The minimum wage is regulated by the Federal Law of June 19, 2000 No. 82-FZ “On the Minimum Wage” and Art. 133 of the Labor Code Russian Federation. At the same time, regulation is carried out at the federal and regional levels.
By whom and how is it installed
In accordance with Federal Law No. 82-FZ of June 19, 2000 “On the Minimum Wage”, the minimum wage in Russia is federal level established by the Government.
According to Art. 133.1 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the minimum wage at the regional level is determined by concluding tripartite agreements between representatives of trade unions, employers and authorities state power subjects.
The legislation does not set a specific date. The change in the minimum wage takes place according to a special decree of the Government of the Russian Federation.
What provides
The minimum wage set federal law, provided:
- organizations financed from the federal budget - at the expense of the federal budget, extra-budgetary funds, as well as funds received from entrepreneurial and other income-generating activities;
- organizations financed from the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation - at the expense of the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, extra-budgetary funds, as well as funds received from entrepreneurial and other income-generating activities;
- organizations financed from local budgets - at the expense of local budgets, extra-budgetary funds, as well as funds received from entrepreneurial and other income-generating activities;
- other employers - at their own expense.
Who controls
Compliance with the minimum wage is controlled by:
- Ministry of Labor and Social Protection
- financial authorities
- State Labor Inspectorate
- Office of the Prosecutor.
Position of trade unions
The Federation of Independent Trade Unions of the Russian Federation considers
« The fact that the minimum wage should not be lower than the subsistence minimum is unconditional. But what is the living wage? The subsistence minimum that is being calculated now is calculated according to the detrimental method that was introduced in 1991 by Gaidar's first government as a crisis method to be used for six months. It's been 20 years and it's still in use. In fact, this is the level of physiological survival. It can't be called a real minimum wage.«.
Regional minimum wage
In view of the different standard of living between the regions of Russia, the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, Article 133.1, provides for the right of the regional authorities to establish their own minimum.
How and by whom is established in the region
The minimum wage at the regional level is established by agreement of three parties: the government of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation, trade union associations and employers' associations (the union of industrialists and entrepreneurs).
All employers in the region automatically become parties to such an agreement, unless they send a written reasoned refusal within 30 days from the date of its official publication in the regional media.
You can find out the specific amount of the minimum wage at the state labor inspectorate for the region or in the regional media on the Internet.
Combining the minimum wage and the living wage
Vladimir Putin signed Law No. 421-FZ, dated December 28, 2017, on raising the minimum wage to the subsistence level from January 1, 2019, and in 2018 he proposed speeding up the merging of indicators from May 11, 2018.
The Ministry of Labor and Social Protection approved that the federal minimum wage from May 1, 2018 in Russia will be set at the level of the subsistence level of the able-bodied population as a whole in Russia for the second quarter of the previous year.
What is used for
The minimum amount used to regulate wages in the Russian Federation, as well as to determine the amount of benefits for temporary disability. This indicator answers the question of how much and what minimum wage an employer should pay to an employee in Russia, with the exception of St. Petersburg and Moscow (set separately).
Pay sick and maternity benefits based on the minimum wage in four cases:
- the employee has no earnings in the billing period;
- average salary is less than the minimum wage;
- the insurance period of the employee is less than six months;
- the employee violated the hospital regime without a good reason.
The minimum wage is also used to determine the amount of taxes, fees, fines and other payments that are calculated in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, depending on the minimum amount.
Employers do not have the right to pay employees a monthly wage in an amount less than the established figure. True, if an employee works part-time or part-time, then per month he can receive an amount less than the minimum wage, and there are no legislative obstacles here.
Minimum wage by years in Russia
The indicator used to regulate wages and determine the amount of benefits for temporary disability, pregnancy and childbirth, as well as for other purposes of compulsory social insurance.
The period from which |
The amount of the minimum |
Normative act, |
---|---|---|
from January 1, 2019 | 11 280,00 | the federal law December 28, 2017 No. 421-FZ |
from May 1, 2018 | 11 163,00 | the federal law dated 07.03.2018 No. 41-FZ |
9 489,00 | the federal law dated December 28, 2017 No. 421-FZ |
|
7 800,00 | the federal law dated December 19, 2016 No. 460-FZ |
|
Art. 1 Federal Law |
||
Art. 1 Federal Law |
||
Art. 1 Federal Law |
||
Art. 1 Federal Law |
||
Art. 1 Federal Law |
||
Art. 1 Federal Law |
||
Art. 1 Federal Law |
||
Art. 1 Federal Law |
||
Art. 1 Federal Law |
||
Minimum wage (SMIC) - This is the legally established minimum wage that an employer must pay to its employee. The minimum wage can be established not only by law, but also informally, by signing an agreement between the employer and the trade union. Today, the minimum wage affects the work of low-paid workers.
Minimum wage established by Federal Law No. 82 and amounts to 4611 rubles. This amount is the basis for calculating temporary disability benefits. In addition, it is used to determine the amount of fines, taxes and fees, as well as some other payments that are calculated depending on the minimum wage, in accordance with the law.
The employer does not have the right to pay employees wages less than the minimum wage. However, if an employee works part-time or part-time, then his monthly salary may be less than the minimum wage.
It should be noted that in addition to the federal minimum wage, there are:
— regional minimum wage, which is mandatory for all employers working in the territory of a certain subject of the Russian Federation, except for those financed from the federal budget. According to the current legislation, the subjects of the Russian Federation have the right to set the size of the regional minimum wage higher than the federal one. For example, in Moscow, the city government, the association of employers and trade unions signed an agreement according to which the minimum wage from January 1, 2012 in Moscow will be 11,300 rubles, and by July 2012 it will be 11,700 rubles. But at present, only a third of the subjects have taken advantage of this opportunity and signed an agreement on a higher regional minimum wage.
— district coefficient is established for persons working in the conditions of the Far North and areas equated to them.
will not be indexed. This was reported by news agencies. The government plans to “freeze” the minimum wage. Its increase can occur only in 2013-2014, depending on the economic situation in the country.
The decision not to raise the minimum wage in 2012, the Government justifies the reform of the public sector and the growth of insurance premiums. At the same time, the lack of interest in raising the minimum wage in the regions is especially noted. Many subjects could not increase the indicator due to the difficult economic situation in the region.
The last increase in the minimum wage was made in June of this year by 6.5%. As a result of the indexation, its size amounted to 4611 rubles. Experts note that the size of the minimum wage is only 65.5% of the subsistence level.
Over the past ten years, the minimum wage has increased 35 times, in 2000 it was 132 rubles.
According to analysts, the issue of raising the minimum wage is closely intertwined with the interests of the state and workers. The consequence of “freezing” the growth of the minimum wage could be a widening of the wage gap, which will hit those working with the minimum wage. On the other hand, among the dangers that may arise when the minimum size is increased wages, experts note an increase in wages in all sectors of the economy and, as a result, a crisis in payments in depressed sectors.
However, the trade unions do not lose hope in raising the minimum wage in 2012 and are working intensively in this direction.
The bill on increasing the minimum wage approved by the Government of the Russian Federation
According to the Ministry of Labor, the Government of the Russian Federation approved the draft law "On Amendments to Article 1 of the Federal Law" On the Minimum Wage.
As planned, from January 1, 2013, the minimum wage will increase to 5,205 rubles. per month. Today, the minimum wage is 4,611 rubles, so the increase will be almost 13%.
According to the Ministry of Labor on the basis of Rosstat data in April 2012, the number of employees receiving wages of up to 5205 rubles. amounted to 1.3 million people in the whole economy of the Russian Federation, or about 2% of the number of people employed in the economy (of which about 360 thousand people are part-time workers and part-time workers working time). At the same time, half of them are employed in public sector(650 thousand people or 4.3% of total number employees of state and municipal institutions, including about 160 thousand part-time workers and part-time workers).
SMIC - Minimum Wage. Its size is set by the government. At the same time, this figure is increasing almost every year. The minimum wage for 2012 is currently 4,611 rubles. It is noteworthy that these figures “migrated to us from 2011, and the government has not yet decided to raise the minimum wage in 2012. This figure is generalized for the whole of Russia. In some regions, depending on their development, the size of the minimum wage is different, therefore, we provide a complete list of the minimum wage in 2012 for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (regions). However, regions cannot set the value the minimum wage less than the national one.
http://www.audit-it.ru/news/personnel/493933.html
The official value of the minimum wage for 2012 in Russia and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
The data is up to date.
Central Federal District | ||
Russian Federation | ||
Belgorod region | ||
Bryansk region | ||
Vladimir region | ||
Voronezh region | ||
Ivanovo region | ||
Kaluga region | ||
Kostroma region | ||
Kursk region | ||
Lipetsk region | ||
Moscow region | ||
Oryol Region | ||
Ryazan Oblast | ||
Smolensk region | ||
Tambov Region | ||
Tver region | ||
Tula region | ||
Yaroslavl region | ||
Moscow city | ||
Northwestern Federal District | ||
Republic of Karelia | ||
Northern part of the Republic of Karelia: Belomorsky district, Kalevalsky district, Kemsky district, Loukhsky district, Kostomuksha | ||
Komi Republic | ||
Arhangelsk region | ||
Vologodskaya Oblast | ||
Kaliningrad region | ||
Leningrad region | ||
Murmansk region | ||
Novgorod region | ||
Pskov region | ||
St. Petersburg | ||
Nenets Autonomous Okrug | ||
Southern Federal District | ||
Republic of Adygea | ||
Republic of Kalmykia | ||
Krasnodar region | ||
Astrakhan region | ||
Volgograd region | ||
Rostov region | ||
North Caucasian Federal District | ||
The Republic of Dagestan | ||
The Republic of Ingushetia | ||
Kabardino-Balkarian Republic | ||
Karachay-Cherkess Republic | ||
Republic of North Ossetia-Alania | ||
Chechen Republic | ||
Stavropol region | ||
Volga Federal District | ||
Republic of Bashkortostan | ||
Mari El Republic | ||
The Republic of Mordovia | ||
Republic of Tatarstan | ||
Udmurt republic | ||
Chuvash Republic | ||
Perm region | ||
Kirov region | ||
Nizhny Novgorod Region | ||
Orenburg region | ||
Penza region | ||
Samara Region | ||
Saratov region | ||
Ulyanovsk region | ||
Ural federal district | ||
Kurgan region | ||
Sverdlovsk region | ||
Tyumen region | ||
for employees of budgetary, state, autonomous institutions and autonomous non-profit organizations established by the Tyumen region or municipalities of the Tyumen region | ||
for employees of the non-budgetary sector of the economy | ||
Chelyabinsk region | ||
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra | ||
Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug | ||
Siberian Federal District | ||
Altai Republic | ||
The Republic of Buryatia | ||
Tyva Republic | ||
The Republic of Khakassia | ||
Altai region | ||
Zabaykalsky Krai | ||
Krasnoyarsk region | ||
for the regions of the Far North of the Krasnoyarsk Territory: | ||
Norilsk, Taimyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky municipal area | ||
Severo-Yeniseisky district | ||
Turukhansky district - north of the Nizhnyaya Tunguska and Turukhan rivers, Evenki municipal district - north of parallel 63 ° north latitude, south of parallel 63 ° north latitude | ||
south of the Nizhnyaya Tunguska and Turukhan rivers, Kezhemsky district | ||
Yeniseisk, Lesosibirsk, Bogachansky district, Yeniseisky district, Motyginsky district, | ||
Irkutsk region | ||
Kemerovo region | ||
Novosibirsk region | ||
Omsk region | ||
Tomsk region | ||
in the regions of the Far North and the city of Kolpashevo (Tomsk region) | ||
Far Eastern Federal District | ||
The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) | ||
Kamchatka Krai | ||
Primorsky Krai | ||
Khabarovsk region | ||
Amur region | ||
In the northern zone of the Amur region | ||
Magadan Region | ||
Sakhalin region | ||
Jewish Autonomous Region | ||
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug |
Experts from the audit and consulting company FBK compiled a rating of countries based on the minimum wage, calculated in dollars at purchasing power parity based on the average annual indicators of 2011. Our country took 40th place there with $197 (4,611 rubles), leaving behind Belarus ($304, 36th place) and Ukraine ($240, 39th place). The leader of the rating was Luxembourg ($1,766), followed by Holland and Belgium ($1,622 and $1,565 respectively). And the lowest minimum wage is set in Kyrgyzstan - $24.
There are 52 lines in the rating, which practically corresponds to the number of states that have ratified the International Labor Organization and UN Convention N 131 "On Minimum Wage". A number of countries were not included in the rating due to the lack of uniform minimum wages. For example, in Denmark, Finland, Germany, Italy, China, Vietnam and some other countries, there are separate minimum wages by type of activity, region, profession and skill level. Of course, if analysts had included Denmark, Finland and Germany in the rating, Russia would have been even lower there. And an increase from January 2013 of the minimum wage to 5.2 thousand rubles. is unlikely to significantly change the position of the Russian Federation.
However, as Georgy Petrov, vice-president of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation, explained to RBG, foreign partners note that Russia is no longer a country with cheap labor: “In this market, we already look quite worthy, on a par with the states of Central and Eastern Europe. situation in the EU, our situation is already better than in a number of EU countries." And, of course, it is not necessary to equate the minimum wage with the income level of the population. If in Luxembourg 1,766 dollars is the real salary of a specialist of a certain qualification, then in our country it is only a unit, to which various allowances, markups, bonuses, etc. are added. And therefore, it makes no sense to increase the minimum wage indefinitely, Georgy Petrov believes, since, along with an increase in contributions to the Pension Fund, Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund and other funds, this will provoke entrepreneurs to return to "gray" salaries. "Another thing," he says, "is that the rating reflects another problem: the income gap between the poorest class and the rich. The Ginny coefficient has not been improving in our country lately and does not contribute to socio-economic stability in the country." This is confirmed by the FBK study, which shows the ratio of the minimum wage to GDP per capita. Pakistan (81.67%) and Ecuador (79.14%) are leading by a wide margin. Russia dropped to 49th place from 18.34%.
The abbreviation MRO stands for minimum wage and is used in the modern economy for many purposes. Consider the dynamics of the minimum wage, as well as the features of the indicator.
What is it and why is it necessary
The minimum wage is the minimum wage that is set at the federal level. He can pay for a certain period of time- hour, day, week, month, year.
It is the amount that is established that the employer undertakes to pay his employee, no less (or more). This bar can be established legally and informally.
Although this indicator is used in most countries of the world, there is no unequivocal opinion regarding the benefits and harms of its use.
There is multiple tasks, for the solution of which the minimum wage indicator is used:
- optimal regulation of labor remuneration;
- the possibility of determining the amount of benefits for a temporary process of disability;
- settlement activities for the payment of benefits related to pregnancy and childbirth;
- compulsory social insurance.
Regulations and planned innovations
Regulations for one order or another are established in Labor Code, article 133 . According to the current provisions of the law, the monthly payment for the work of an employee who has fully worked out this period, cannot be lower than the minimum wage.
The establishment of the optimal indicator is carried out within the framework of federal legislation. If we talk about the data for 2015, then this parameter was 5965 rubles, and from next year it increased by 250 rubles. In 2017, this criterion increased even more. In 2018, in January, the minimum wage was 9489 rubles, from May 1 - 11,163 rubles.
According to part 1 of Art. 133 , the national minimum wage cannot be smaller value than the living wage.
If the employer pays employees wages that do not exceed the minimum wage, then in the future this threatens with administrative liability.
Minimum wage in Russia
Consider a table that reflects the growth dynamics of the indicator by year - from 2008 to 2018.
Annual period for setting the minimum wage | The value of the minimum wage, rubles |
---|---|
Since 2009, since January 1 | 4330 |
Since 2011, since June 1 | 4611 |
Since 2013, since January 1 | 5205 |
Since 2014, since January 1 | 5564 |
Since 2015, since January 1 | 5965 |
Since 2016, since January 1 | 6204 |
Since 2016, since July 1 | 7500 |
Since 2017, since July 1 | 7800 |
Since 2018, since January 1 | 9489 |
Since 2018, since May 1 | 11 163 |
Based on the tabular data, it can be concluded that last years observed active growth rates of this indicator. The closer to 2017-2018, the more the minimum wage increases. Practice counts several occasions, at which the recalculation of this value was observed 2 times a year, in particular - in 2016, 2018, and also changes occurred twice a year in 2001, 2005.
How much is from the living wage
In Russia, there is a law according to which the minimum wage must be no less than the subsistence level. In 2018, in this regard, there was the equation, and the quantities have the same value.
Since the beginning of 2018, the minimum wage has been 85% of the subsistence level and equaled the amount of 9,489 rubles. As of May The minimum wage was equal to the living wage.
Federal minimum wage
In general, on the territory of Russia it is established two indicators- for settlement activities on wages and for calculating penalties, penalties, benefits.
For payroll
From January 2002 to early 2010, the minimum wage indicator was used to regulation of wages and determination of the dimensional values of various benefits.
Until 2002, this criterion was also used to solve other problems. For example, to accurately determine the amount of benefits for temporary disability, to compensate for harm at work, occupational diseases and other injuries. In order to solve these problems, since 2018, the indicator has been used in 11 163 rubles.
In many Russian regions, to determine the payment for labor actions, it is also used regional minimum wage. That is, it turns out that the legislators of certain regions have the right to establish their own wages.
There is multiple parties, by which the optimal minimum wage is determined:
- the government, which is responsible for the economy of a particular subject, in its role can be a locality, region, region or region;
- associations related to employers, these can be unions of artisans, industrial workers, entrepreneurs;
- trade union federation.
After the reservations of all agreements, employers are offered to join the new rules.
For fines, taxes, penalties
If it is necessary to determine precisely these quantities, then earlier for this purpose it was practiced to use base amount. Its size has undergone numerous changes since 2001 and has remained equal to 100 rubles.
But at present, the dependence of the penalty amount on the minimum payment amount is established by law, which regulates these amounts in fixed amounts. For example, fines for offenses of an administrative or criminal nature are not considered in terms of the minimum wage, but are expressed in the form specific amount.
It turns out that currently penalties and other sanctions, according to general requirements Russian legislation, are subject to calculation in fixed amounts and are not related to the minimum wage. In connection with this reason, the base amount, which was previously used in the process of calculating and calculating penalty values, is currently considered irrelevant.
But today, the minimum wage is relevant in the course of determining the minimum wage rates and calculating the amounts of social benefits due.
Minimum wage in major regions
If we consider the data for 2018, then in almost all regions there is a level of 11,163 rubles. Some are higher.
85 regions of Russia have established a minimum wage.
Living wage and consumer basket
The living wage is the minimum income, which is the amount necessary to ensure and maintain the average standard of living in the country. This indicator represents approximate cost of a consumer basket.
The cost of living is calculated separately for each region. Also, its definition is made for various categories of the population - pensioners, children, able-bodied citizens.
approximate estimated list of commodity items, which characterizes the typical structure of the annual consumption of one person. Also, this value can be calculated for the whole family.It is advisable to use this set for settlement operations on the minimum consumer budget (living wage). This is a kind of base for comparing the calculated and real consumer levels.
If we consider the structural composition of the annual consumer basket, then an able-bodied person includes next annual set of products:
- potatoes - 100.4 kg;
- bread products (bread and pasta in terms of cereals, flour, legumes) - 126.5 kg;
- vegetables and melons - 114.6 kg;
- fresh fruit - 60 kg;
- meat products and semi-finished products - 58.6 kg;
- fish products - 18.5 kg;
- milk and dairy products - 290 kg;
- vegetable oil, margarine and other fats - 11 kg;
- eggs - 210 pcs;
- other products (salt, tea, spices) - 4.9 kg.
In addition, it is worth considering also non-food items, which include half the amount spent on food. In addition, it is worth considering utility bills with other services, which are conditionally taken as a norm of 50% of the value of the food basket.
Responsibility for paying salaries below the minimum wage
If an employer pays an employee a wage below the subsistence level, he is liable certain responsibility.
- Administrative- in this case we are talking about a fine in the amount of 1000 to 5000 rubles. For legal entities, these figures increase and range from 30,000 to 50,000 rubles. It is possible to suspend commercial work for 3 months.
- Criminal. It implies the need to pay a fine in the amount of 100,000 to 500,000 rubles. or deprivation of the right to hold leadership positions for 3 years. In some cases, punishment includes imprisonment.
Thus, the minimum wage plays important role in the life of the country and regions. A competent approach to its calculation guarantees the people a good standard of living.
The 2019 minimum wage has been increased again. Consider how this value has changed over the years preceding 2019 and how it compares with the subsistence minimum.
Federal minimum wage in 2019
The value of the minimum wage (minimum wage) for state level approved by the relevant federal law. The minimum wage is valid throughout Russia and cannot be less than the subsistence level of able-bodied citizens for the 2nd quarter of the previous year for the purpose of calculating wages (Article 1 of the Law "On the Minimum Wage" dated June 19, 2000 No. 82-FZ). In other words, an employee who has actually worked out the norm of time established by the labor agreement cannot receive a salary less than the established minimum wage. If the employer pays a salary less than the minimum wage, he faces a fine under paragraph 6 of Art. 5.27 of the Code of Administrative Offenses:
- from 10,000 to 20,000 rubles. on officials;
- from 30,000 to 50,000 rubles. to legal entities;
- from 1,000 to 5,000 rubles. for individual entrepreneurs conducting activities without forming a legal entity.
If earlier neither the social nor the financial departments of the Russian Federation, nor the parliamentarians were able to establish compliance with the minimum wage, then in March 2018 the President of the Russian Federation signed the law of 07.03.2018 No. the value of the minimum wage will be equal to the subsistence level of the able-bodied population for the 2nd quarter of last year.
Results
The minimum wage for 2019 has been increased to 11,280 rubles. Since May 2018, the minimum wage has become equal to the subsistence level of the able-bodied population for the 2nd quarter of 2017 and amounted to 11,163 rubles. Regions also have the right to set the value of the minimum wage, but it cannot be lower than the federal indicator.