Normative consumption of thermal energy for heating. Normative consumption of thermal energy for heating: the meaning of the term and typical values
Residents of city apartments have repeatedly come across incomprehensible figures found in the receipt for heating. Often people do not understand where such figures come from and why, for example, a neighbor on the site pays much less. In fact, the amount of payment is not taken from the ceiling: there is a special standard for the consumption of thermal energy for heating, on the basis of which the final amounts payable are compiled in accordance with the tariffs approved by the government. Let's try to deal with this issue.
About the normal temperature in the apartment
When calculating the described standards, the fact that a comfortable temperature should be provided in residential premises is taken into account. This moment is regulated GOST R51617-2000. Below are approximate figures for this temperature.
- In the corridor - within 18-20 C.
- In an ordinary living room - about 20-22 C.
- In the toilet - about 19-21 C.
- In the kitchen - within 19-21 C.
- Finally, in the bathroom it is about 24-26 C.
Therefore, if in winter the temperature in your apartment is below the above indicators, it means that your house receives less heat energy than the currently approved standards require. In most cases, the wear and tear of urban heating networks is to blame, in which the generated energy is partially released into the air. Be that as it may, the heating norms are not observed, therefore consumers have every right to file a complaint and demand recalculation of tariff plans.
Basic calculation methods
The choice of one or another calculation method depends on whether a heat meter is installed in the house and apartment. In the absence of a common house meter, tariffs are calculated in accordance with the standards, and those, as we have already found out, are determined by local authorities. This is done through a special decree, which also determines the payment schedule - whether you will pay all year round or only during heating season. And if you want to know the exact numbers specifically for your region, you can:
- find the relevant decree of local authorities;
- contact the management company for information.
If there is no home accounting device, then you must remember Decree No. 344, which was adopted back in 2013. According to this document, in the absence of a meter (but if it is technically possible to install it), multiplying factors are used:
- from January 2015 to July 2015, this coefficient should be 1.1;
- from July 2015 to the end of December 2015 - 1.2;
- from January 2016 to July 2016 - 1.4;
- from July 2016 to the end of December 2016 - 1.5;
- since January 2017 - already 1.6.
Note! All indicators above are given without an increase in the cost of heating services. It turns out that if you do not have a meter in your house, although in theory it can be installed there, then you will a priori pay more. And all because, in accordance with the mentioned document, the tariff calculated according to the standards will be multiplied by a coefficient.
Calculation of the cost of heating according to the standards
Now let's find out exactly how heating calculations should be carried out. A few years ago, the heating standard was a key parameter when calculating the required payment for the heat supply service. The formula itself is extremely simple: it is necessary to multiply the indicator of the standard by the area of \u200b\u200bthe heated room in order to ultimately get the amount of thermal energy that is needed to heat the living space. Further, this number should be multiplied by the current tariff and the total amount is obtained.
It is worth noting that the standard for the consumption of thermal energy for heating also includes the area of various utility rooms; in this case, the absence / presence of hot water supply and a number of other parameters should be taken into account. But not so long ago, the receipt for payment "acquired" another column, called "Common house needs." What does it mean? The government has approved a new standard for heating entrances and stairwells, and users now have to pay for that as well.
Note! To save on heating, many consumers install individual meters in their apartments, allowing them to control the received thermal energy rather than approved heating codes. We will talk about the counter in more detail later.
Due to the use of this device, the real cost of heating has changed. Tellingly, you cannot install the counter yourself - this should be done by a qualified specialist. Upon completion of installation, the device is sealed.
As for the actual calculations, they can be carried out according to one of the three existing schemes (it all depends on the availability of the same counters). Let's get acquainted with them in more detail.
Scheme No. 1. There is no individual meter, there is a common house accounting device
Step one. The managing organization is checking the readings of the device installed in the house. This one can be, say, 250 Gcal. This indicator should be found in the receipt.
Step two. Find information about the total area of the house (with all rooms). Let's say it is 7 thousand squares.
Step Three. Check out current rates. Let's say it's 1.4 thousand rubles per gigacalorie.
Step Four. After that, you need to determine a specific fee, taking into account the area of \u200b\u200byour apartment. If it is, for example, 75 squares, then the calculations will look like this:
75x250/1400x7000 = 3750.
It turns out that you will see the amount in the receipt at 3750 rubles.
Scheme No. 2. Your house does not have both a common and an individual meter
In this case, it is necessary to calculate in such a way that current consumption rates are taken into account. As an example, imagine what this norm is? gigacalories per square meter. Multiply this figure by the area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment, as well as by the tariff in force in your area. After that, add to the obtained value the normative general house fee, which is proportionally divided among all the owners of apartments in the building.
Scheme No. 3. If both the house and the apartment are equipped with heat meters
We continue to consider the standard for the consumption of thermal energy for heating. The presence of two meters is considered, perhaps, the most economical option, since you will only pay for the heat that is actually supplied to the apartment, and not vague standards. To get the final amount, in this case, you need to add the consumption of thermal energy in the apartment to the readings of the common house meter (similarly divided between residents).
Many people say that heating standards are too high, especially considering that a significant part of the heat simply goes nowhere. For this reason, people install individual metering devices - in order to pay only for what was consumed.
Note! It must be remembered that there are several schemes for heat supply or hot water supply at home at once. For this reason, before installing the meter, be sure to talk to an independent specialist. After all, if you install the device incorrectly, then you will not save, but, on the contrary, you will overpay.
The feasibility of installing an apartment meter
If a house-wide metering device is installed in the house, this does not mean that receipts will come only for the heat that is actually consumed. For example, an apartment may have twice as many battery sections as it should, or water system"warm floor", connected to the heating line. It is obvious that in such an apartment it will be warmer than yours, although everyone will still pay the same tariff. And best solution in this case, it will be the installation of an individual counter.
How can this device help you save money? The fact is that the indicators will be taken at the entrance to the living space and at the “return”, that is, at the exit. And the difference between both indicators will become the amount of thermal energy that you consumed. You will pay for this. There is another advantage of meters: if the temperature working fluid at the inlet will be below the required norm, then the heat in this case will not be taken into account at all.
As noted above, you cannot install the counter yourself. This can only be done by a licensed specialist, and you must first draw up an installation project and agree on it. And this, frankly, can cost twice as much as the device itself. In addition, there are also technical difficulties. In the case of horizontal wiring, there are no problems. But often in apartments there is also vertical wiring, in which each room has a separate riser, from which one or two radiators are powered. In this case, it is not advisable to install a counter in front of each battery.
More about the temperature standards in the apartment
The rate of consumption of thermal energy for heating is directly related to temperature standards in one room or another. At the beginning of the article, we already mentioned what the temperature should be in each of the rooms. But here the key role is played by exactly how the measurements should be taken. There are certain requirements, consider them.
- The temperature is measured on the surface of any interior wall.
- The minimum distance from the outer wall should be 1 meter, from the floor surface - 1.5.
- Non-compliance of indicators with the specified standards is unacceptable!
- If the temperature still does not match, then for each hour the cost of services should be reduced by 0.15 percent.
Note! To achieve a reduction in tariffs, it is necessary to write a corresponding application to the DEZ. After that, within a week, a master will come to you, check the pipelines and temperature, draw up an act. If the discrepancy is confirmed, then the situation will be corrected within a week.
In addition, you can check the submitted hot water for temperature compliance. According to the standards, it should vary within 50-70 degrees, with a maximum allowable deviation of 3-5 degrees. To check, you need to open the tap, substitute a glass and place a thermometer in the collected water. If there are deviations, then follow the same steps as above (complaint).
It is worth adding that according to the legislation, the heat supply of the apartment must be continuous throughout the entire heating season. For a month, the total cessation of heating should not exceed 24 hours, and not more than 16 hours in a row. If the standard is exceeded, then for each hour the fee should decrease by 0.15 percent.
Who makes the standards?
These standards, as well as the consumption rates of any other utility service (gas or water supply, for example), are a relatively constant value. They are accepted by authorized bodies on the ground (with the participation of the company supplying energy, of course). What is characteristic, the standards remain unchanged for 3 years.
Simply put, an organization that deals with heat supply in a particular region of the country provides local authorities with documentation in which new standards are justified. The documentation is discussed at the city council, after which it is rejected or approved. Further, the consumed heat is recalculated, and the tariffs at which consumers will pay for the service are approved.
When determining consumption standards, climate conditions in a particular region, the degree of wear of heating networks, the material from which the houses are made, and also their (houses) variety are taken into account. As a result, they receive the amount of thermal energy necessary to heat 1 square meter of living space for each specific building. In fact, this is the standard for the consumption of thermal energy for heating.
Note! According to generally accepted standards, the standard is measured in gigacalories per square meter (Gcal / m?). In this case, the main parameter is considered to be the ambient air temperature in winter time of the year. In theory, this means that if it is relatively warm in winter, then you will have to pay less, although in practice in most cases it turns out differently.
Summing up
The ability to appeal against deviations is, of course, good. But in reality, it is quite difficult to prove all this. Yes, it is not difficult to write a statement, then DEZ employees can come to you, for example, when the radiators are very hot or when it is relatively warm outside; as a result, the complaint was not confirmed.
Order of the Ministry of Housing and Public Utilities of the Moscow Region of December 22, 2014 N 170-РВ
In accordance with the Government Decree Russian Federation dated 05/23/2006 N 306 "On approval of the Rules for establishing and determining standards for the consumption of public services", guided by the Regulations on the Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the Moscow Region, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Moscow Region dated 03.10.2013 N 787/44 "On the establishment of staffing and approval Regulations on the Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the Moscow Region" and Resolution of the Governor of the Moscow Region dated September 16, 2013 N 221-PG "On the Structure executive bodies state power of the Moscow Region and the composition of the Government of the Moscow Region":
1. Approve the attached standards for the consumption of utilities in relation to heating, cold and hot water supply, sanitation, provided in residential premises on the territory of the Serpukhov urban district of the Moscow Region.
2. Establish that the standards for the consumption of public services come into effect from 01/01/2015.
3. The head of the department for interaction with regions, the media and public organizations of the organizational and legal department (M.V. Shemyakova), within 10 days from the date of signing this order, ensure its official publication in the newspaper "Daily News. Podmoskovye", as well as placement on official website of the Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the Moscow Region on the Internet.
4. To impose control over the execution of this order on the Deputy Minister of Housing and Communal Services of the Moscow Region A.A. Pukhov.
Minister of Housing and Communal Services of the Moscow Region E.A. Khromushin
Appendix N 1 to the order of the Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the Moscow Region of December 22, 2014 N 170-RV
STANDARDS FOR THE CONSUMPTION OF PUBLIC SERVICES FOR COLD, HOT WATER SUPPLY AND WATER SUPPLY IN RESIDENTIAL PREMISES IN THE TERRITORY OF THE CITY DISTRICT OF SERPUKHOV, MOSCOW REGION
cube meter per person
Standard for the consumption of utilities for cold and hot water supply |
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including hot water supply |
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1. Multi-apartment and residential buildings equipped with centralized cold and hot water supply, sanitation, with showers and bathtubs |
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2. Multi-apartment and residential buildings equipped with centralized cold water supply, sanitation, equipped with gas (electric, solid fuel) water heaters, with showers and bathtubs |
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3. Multi-apartment and residential buildings equipped with centralized cold water supply, centralized or local water disposal, without showers and baths |
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4. Multi-apartment and residential buildings equipped with centralized cold water supply, centralized or local water disposal, gas supply, without showers and baths |
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5. Multi-apartment and residential buildings equipped with centralized cold water supply |
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6. Multi-apartment and residential buildings with cold water supply from street columns |
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7. Dormitories of non-apartment type, equipped with centralized heating, cold and hot water supply, sanitation, with showers and bathtubs or multi-apartment and residential buildings equipped with centralized heating, cold and hot water supply, sanitation, with shared kitchens and shower units in each section |
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8. Dormitories of non-apartment type, equipped with centralized heating, cold and hot water supply, sanitation, with a shower on the floor or multi-apartment and residential buildings, equipped with centralized heating, cold and hot water supply, sanitation, with shared kitchens and showers on the floor |
Standards for water disposal (sewerage) are taken equal to the value of the corresponding standards for water supply in the "total" column.
Appendix N 2 to the order of the Ministry of Housing and Communal Services of the Moscow Region dated December 22, 2014 N 170-RV
THE GOVERNMENT OF MOSCOW
RESOLUTION
dated January 11, 1994 N 41
On the norms for the consumption of thermal energy and gas used to calculate the payment for utilities *
Withdrawn from control due to changes in objective conditions based on
of March 12, 1996 N 215
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Document as amended by:
Decree of the Moscow City Duma of March 16, 1994 N 22 (Vedomosti of the Moscow Duma, N 3, 1994);
Decree of the Government of Moscow of June 21, 1994 N 500 (Bulletin of the Moscow Mayor's Office, N 16, August 1994);
Decree of the Government of Moscow of July 28, 1998 N 566 (Tverskaya, 13, N 27.08-02.09.98);
Decree of the Government of Moscow of January 12, 1999 N 16 (Tverskaya, 13, N 7, 11-17.02.99); (Bulletin of the Moscow City Hall, N 4, 1999)
Decree of the Government of Moscow of April 20, 1999 N 331 (Tverskaya, 13, N 23, 03-09.06.99); (Bulletin of the Moscow City Hall, N 12, 1999)
Decree of the Government of Moscow of December 23, 2003 N 1062-PP (Bulletin of the Mayor and the Government of Moscow, N 4, 14.01.2004);
Decree of the Government of Moscow of November 29, 2011 N 571-PP (Bulletin of the Mayor and the Government of Moscow, N 67, 06.12.2011);
(Official website of the Mayor and the Government of Moscow www.mos.ru, 15.07.2015);
(Official website of the Mayor and the Government of Moscow www.mos.ru, 03.10.2016) (for the procedure for entry into force, see paragraph 4 of the Decree of the Government of Moscow dated September 29, 2016 N 629-PP);
Decree of the Government of Moscow dated December 13, 2016 N 848-PP (Official website of the Mayor and the Government of Moscow www.mos.ru, December 13, 2016) (changes came into force on July 1, 2017).
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
It operates in the part that does not contradict the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 18, 1996 N 707, which repealed the Decree of the Council of Ministers - the Government of the Russian Federation of September 22, 1993 N 935.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
This resolution was declared invalid on the basis of the Decree of the Government of Moscow dated June 13, 2006 N 381-PP.
Decree of the Government of Moscow of June 13, 2006 N 381-PP has become invalid in terms of the cancellation of this resolution - Decree of the Government of Moscow of July 25, 2006 N 538-PP.
____________________________________________________________________
________________
* Name as amended by Decree of the Government of Moscow dated September 29, 2016 N 629-PP. - See the previous edition.
In accordance with the Housing Code of the Russian Federation, the Government of Moscow
(Preamble as amended by Decree of the Government of Moscow dated September 29, 2016 N 629-PP. - See previous edition)
decides:
1. The clause has become invalid - . - See the previous edition.
2. The clause became invalid from January 1, 2012 -. - See the previous edition.
3. The clause became invalid on January 1, 2012 - Decree of the Government of Moscow dated November 29, 2011 N 571-PP. - See the previous edition.
4. The clause became invalid on January 1, 2012 - Decree of the Government of Moscow dated November 29, 2011 N 571-PP. - See the previous edition.
5. Approve for the population the standards for the consumption of utilities (Appendix 4).
(Paragraph as amended by Decree of the Government of Moscow dated September 29, 2016 N 629-PP. - See previous edition)
The paragraph became invalid on January 1, 2012 - Decree of the Government of Moscow dated November 29, 2011 N 571-PP. - See the previous edition.
6. The clause became invalid on January 1, 2012 - Decree of the Government of Moscow dated November 29, 2011 N 571-PP. - See the previous edition.
7. The clause became invalid on January 1, 2012 - Decree of the Government of Moscow dated November 29, 2011 N 571-PP. - See the previous edition.
8. The clause became invalid on January 1, 2012 - Decree of the Government of Moscow dated November 29, 2011 N 571-PP. - See the previous edition.
9. The clause became invalid -, from January 24, 2004 - Decree of the Government of Moscow dated December 23, 2003 N 1062-PP. - See the previous edition.
10. The clause has become invalid - Decree of the Government of Moscow of June 21, 1994 N 500 - See the previous edition.
11. The clause has become invalid - Decree of the Government of Moscow dated September 29, 2016 N 629-PP. - See the previous edition.
12. The clause has become invalid - Decree of the Government of Moscow dated June 21, 1994 N 500. - See the previous edition.
13. The clause became invalid on January 1, 2012 - Decree of the Government of Moscow dated November 29, 2011 N 571-PP. - See the previous edition.
14. The clause became invalid on January 1, 2012 - Decree of the Government of Moscow dated November 29, 2011 N 571-PP. - See the previous edition.
15. The clause became invalid on January 1, 2012 - Decree of the Government of Moscow dated November 29, 2011 N 571-PP. - See the previous edition.
16. The clause became invalid on January 1, 2012 - Decree of the Government of Moscow dated November 29, 2011 N 571-PP. - See the previous edition.
17. The clause has become invalid - Decree of the Government of Moscow dated June 21, 1994 N 500. - See the previous edition.
18. The clause became invalid on January 1, 2012 - Decree of the Government of Moscow dated November 29, 2011 N 571-PP. - See the previous edition.
19. The clause became invalid on January 1, 2012 - Decree of the Government of Moscow dated November 29, 2011 N 571-PP. - See the previous edition.
20. To consider invalid paragraphs 2 and 3 of the Decree of the Government of Moscow dated January 5, 1993 N 3 "On the development of a concept for changing rents and housing subsidies in Moscow" .
21. The clause has become invalid - Decree of the Government of Moscow dated September 29, 2016 N 629-PP. - See the previous edition.
22. Control over the implementation of this resolution shall be entrusted to the Deputy Mayor of Moscow in the Government of Moscow for Housing and Communal Services and Improvement Biryukov P.P.
(Clause as amended by Decree of the Government of Moscow dated September 29, 2016 N 629-PP. - See previous edition)
Prime Minister of the Moscow Government
Yu.M. Luzhkov
Appendix 1. Timeframes for a phased transition to a new system of payment for housing and utilities
Appendix No. 1
to the decision
Moscow Government
dated January 11, 1994 N 41
____________________________________________________________________
Lost power -
Decree of the Government of Moscow of September 29, 2016 N 629-PP. -
See previous edition.
____________________________________________________________________
Appendix 2. Rates of payment for renting residential premises in the houses of the municipal and state housing stock of Moscow (lost force)
Appendix No. 2
to the decision
Moscow Government
dated January 11, 1994 N 41
____________________________________________________________________
Revoked due to
Decrees of the Government of Moscow
dated June 21, 1994 N 500. - See the previous edition.
____________________________________________________________________
Annex 3. Rates of payment for housing under a rental agreement for the maintenance and repair of houses in the municipal and state housing stock and rates of payment for housing maintenance services of citizens who have privatized their occupied ... (lost force)
Appendix No. 3
to the decision
Moscow Government
dated January 11, 1994 N 41
RATES
payment for housing under a rental agreement for the maintenance and repair of houses in the municipal and state housing stock and the rates of payment for services for the maintenance of housing of citizens who have privatized the occupied apartments (room), as well as houses of residential complexes and housing cooperatives, consisting of the maintenance of municipal housing organizations in Moscow
____________________________________________________________________
Revoked due to
Decrees of the Government of Moscow
dated June 21, 1994 N 500. - See the previous edition.
____________________________________________________________________
Appendix 4. Standards for the consumption of public services for the population
Appendix No. 4
to the decision
Moscow Government
dated January 11, 1994 N 41
(as amended on December 13, 2016)
unit of measurement | Consumption rate per month of the calendar year Gas consumption standard: | ||||
3.1. If there is gas in the apartment | cubic meters/person | ||||
3.2. If there is gas in the apartment | cubic meters/person | ||||
3.3. If there is gas in the apartment (The paragraph is additionally included from January 1, 2017 by Decree of the Government of Moscow of September 29, 2016 N 629-PP) (The note was additionally included from July 26, 2015 by Decree of the Government of Moscow dated July 14, 2015 N 435-PP) Water consumption standards for household and drinking needs of the population in the housing stock of Moscow (lost force)(Introduced from March 1, 1994) Annex 5. Utility payment rates for the population (repealed)Appendix No. 5 ____________________________________________________________________ Appendix 6. Regulations on the procedure for providing citizens with subsidies for paying for housing and utilities in MoscowAppendix No. 6 ____________________________________________________________________ Appendix No. 8 ____________________________________________________________________ Revision of the document, taking into account |