Preparing houses for winter. Preparing your home for the heating season is a very important moment. Heating accounting systems
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DECISION of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation of September 27, 2003 170 ON APPROVAL OF THE RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR THE TECHNICAL OPERATION OF THE HOUSING FUND (2017) Relevant in 2017
2.6. Preparation of housing stock for seasonal operation
2.6.1. The purpose of preparing housing and communal facilities for seasonal operation is to ensure the timing and quality of work on maintenance (maintenance and repair) of the housing stock, ensuring the regulatory requirements for the residence of residents and the modes of operation of engineering equipment in the winter.
Our experienced installers ensure a professional and efficient installation. If you are using a cover, return it, but make sure there is 3 cm of space at the bottom at the bottom. You may want to inspect and bleed vacuum vents, and especially air return vents. Also make sure the programming on your thermostat has not been changed after business hours. Finally, run the test; turn on the oven to make sure it works as it should. If your heating system is "newer" but more than a couple of years old, you should consider having it serviced on an annual basis to keep it running at peak efficiency.
- With loss and moisture, you can turn off the switch on the air conditioner.
- This will keep your warm air clean and your system working properly.
- If you have a humidifier, make sure it's clean and ready to go.
2.6.2. When preparing the housing stock for operation in the winter period, it is necessary to:
Eliminate faults: walls, facades, roofs, attic floors and over technical undergrounds (basements), driveways, window and door fillings, as well as heating stoves, chimneys, gas ducts, internal systems heat, water and power supply and installations with gas heaters;
No matter how you look at it, new system heating or cooling is an investment in the comfort of your family. There are many factors that determine which system is best for your home: the part of the country you live in, the cost of local utilities and building your home. You deserve the system that best suits your family's comfort and energy efficiency needs.
Autumn has arrived and with it, cold, gray days and low temperatures that invite you to stay at home. But with this new season also come terrible upswings in electricity and gas bills. This is an important expense: 800 euros per year for one floor and about 400 for a house.
bring the territory of households into a technically sound condition with the provision of unhindered removal of atmospheric and melt water from the blind area, from the descents (entrances) to the basement and their window pits;
ensure proper waterproofing of foundations, basement and basement walls and their interface with adjacent structures, staircases, basements and attics, elevator engine rooms, and fire hydrants are in good condition.
To avoid these situations, you must consider several aspects of the job. What's this? Thermally insulates your home: The walls of our homes are not fully insulated, which usually results in heat losses that result in increased consumption of electricity and gas. Therefore, they should be reviewed and their status assessed.
Windows Necessary: Avoiding air leakage through windows is the main action that will keep the interior warm while keeping the need to raise the heating thermostat. For this reason, it is important to invest in quality windows as they can reduce home energy losses by up to 70%.
2.6.3. The start and end dates for winterization of each residential building, boiler house, heating point and heating (elevator) unit are approved by the local government (at the suggestion of the organization servicing the specified housing stock), taking into account the completion of all work in the northern and eastern regions - before September 1, in central - by September 15, in the south - until October 1, including trial fireboxes central heating and ovens. Control over the progress of work on preparation for winter is carried out by local governments, owners of the housing stock and their authorized and main state housing inspectorates.
That is, you can put carpets in large spaces and use curtains as a new insulating layer and keep the blinds at times when the temperature drops. Every year we have to clean and condition it by requesting chimney service because the soot can ignite and start a fire. Check the pipes: Pipes, whether gas or water, if exposed to low temperatures outside or through parts of the house that do not have heating, are at risk of freezing and bursting.
For this reason, before turning on your home's heating system, be sure to check it and repair it if necessary. Take advantage of the sunshine: although we are in the autumn period, we should not underestimate the warmth that the sun radiates. It is a free heat source that can provide great help to avoid overpaying bills at the end of the month. Thanks to sunbeams You can naturally increase the temperature in your home by leaving the curtains open during the day to allow light to come in and close when the sun goes down to keep out the cold.
2.6.4. The schedule for preparing the housing stock and its engineering equipment for operation in winter conditions is drawn up by the owner of the housing stock or the organization for its maintenance and approved by local governments based on the results of the spring inspection and the shortcomings identified over the past period.
In short, it is about combining efficiency and economic savings. We must prepare our home for work optimization heating system. We introduce heaters, radiators and heating systems to ensure your home is at the ideal temperature. This is a water radiator that stands out for its original and versatile design. As well as the presence of interesting accessories. It consists of a steel structure based on vertical tubes with an oval section, giving three versions.
One of them includes three hangers in solid cherry wood. The other includes two cherry wood hangers and a mirror in the center of the radiator. The third one consists of two hangers, two mirrors and two solid cherry wood shelves. One of its advantages is that it can be adapted to new or updated work. To keep warm at home in the next cold season, we resort to home heating. We don't know how big the economic costs are depending on how we use it.
2.6.5. Preparation for winter (carrying out hydraulic tests, repair, verification and adjustment) is subject to the whole complex of devices that ensure uninterrupted heat supply to apartments (boiler rooms, house networks, group and local heating points in houses, heating systems, ventilation).
Boiler rooms, heat points and units should be provided with automation equipment, control and measuring instruments (CIP), shut-off control equipment, wiring diagrams for heating systems, hot water, cold water, supply and exhaust ventilation, structures indicating the use of equipment under various operating conditions (filling, make-up, draining water from heating systems, etc.), equipment technical passports, regime cards, parameter recording logs, equipment defect logs.
The use of internal heating covers a third of energy consumption. Learn how to choose the type of indoor heating and save a lot of money when the cold season arrives in your city. You may also know what is best. If you're looking to renovate your home, changing your heating system is one of the best long-term investments. Discover the types of home heating you can use to improve your family's economy. The choice of these devices depends on the type of climate you are in.
Fighting the cold with a heat pump
Choose between these options and enjoy the cold season without worrying about energy consumption. One type of home heating that you can install at home is a heat pump. It is ideal for areas where the temperature drop is not so great. There are different sizes designed for the space they will be used in. You need to know what is the size of your room or the room where you want the heat pump to work properly. Do not buy without this information, you will spend money on a mistake that not everyone takes into account.
Adjustment of intra-quarter networks should be carried out with adjustment of the calculated diameters of throttling devices at the thermal (elevator) unit.
Gas facilities must undergo adjustment of shut-off safety valves and pressure regulators for the winter period.
The equipment of pumping stations, fire-fighting equipment systems must be equipped with main and standby equipment, automatic switching on of standby pumps in case of failure of the main pumps should be ensured, adjusted and in good order.
The installation of this device must be carried out by a specialist. One of the benefits you have when using a heat pump is that you can program the hours of use and keep your home warm. The energy you consume is very low and you can choose the temperature to regulate the space you are in. In terms of maintenance, the most important thing is to periodically clean the air filter. Installation can be expensive, but the benefits are long term.
Types of internal heating with gas
In addition to relaxing in winter, with a heat pump you can enjoy air conditioning in the hot summers of your city. This heating is the most commonly used because it does not pollute the environment and its efficiency for homes is very high. You can install the devices you need in all areas of the house where it is needed to keep warm. For installation, you must have a central boiler that connects to the water supply.
2.6.6. During the preparation of the housing stock for work in winter conditions, the following is organized:
training and retraining of personnel for employees of boiler houses, heating points, emergency service workers and maintenance workers, janitors;
preparation of emergency services (vehicles, equipment, communications, tools and inventory, supplies of materials and staff briefing);
Preparation of housing stock for seasonal operation
The way to heat all the rooms and rooms in the house is very simple. The boiler heats water through a pipe. The water reaches all the radiators, which are responsible for radiating the heat that has been created. If the water cools back to the boiler in another pipe. So these types of home heaters work. It does no harm environment because it doesn't come from additional chemicals or direct gas emissions in your home.
There are many benefits to these types of home heating. When working, it does not create noise. You can place all the radiators you need in your home. This type of heating becomes cheaper if you know how to use it. Most importantly, they do not affect your health.
preparation (restoration) of schemes of in-house systems of cold and hot water supply, sewerage, central heating and ventilation, gas, indicating the location stop valves and switches (for locksmiths and electricians to eliminate accidents and malfunctions of intra-house engineering systems);
in unheated premises they provide repair of insulation of water and sewer pipes, fire-fighting water supply.
Types of home heating: radiant heating
They have gained a lot of popularity due to how efficient they are during use and can also save you a lot of money on energy consumption. If you want to use this type of heating, we recommend installing a water-based radiant floor. He is very similar to gas heating. This is a water heater that raises the temperature of the water. Pump all the pipes that have been installed under the floor of your home.
Currently, there are types of indoor underfloor heating that allow you to regulate the temperature of each room through the flow of water. One of the benefits of using these types of home heating is that you can use the space that a gas heating or heat pump can take up.
If there is water in the basements, it should be pumped out, the irrigation water supply should be turned off and disassembled, the water meter unit should be insulated; ensure the uninterrupted operation of sewer outlets, manholes of the yard network and general outlets at the ends of the building from a prefabricated pipeline laid in the basement (technical underground)
2.6.7. In unheated premises, during the preparation for winter, it is necessary to check the condition and repair the insulation of the pipes of the water supply and sewerage, central heating and hot water supply, and insulate the fire-fighting water supply.
Similarly, there is underfloor heating based on air and electricity. They are usually more expensive and require a special type of soil to keep you warm. Installation may have a higher price. We highly recommend the use of water-based radiant heating.
We know that you are looking for energy savings. There are various options with which you can rely on the use of internal heating with electricity. It could be good option if you are not sure about the previous ones. The advantage of this type of heating is that they work individually. This allows you to control the heating in all areas of the house where you are.
2.6.8. Air vents in basements and technical undergrounds can be closed for the winter only in case of severe frosts.
2.6.9. The start of the heating season is set by local governments
2.6.10. The readiness of housing and communal services for operation in winter conditions is confirmed by the presence of:
Passports of readiness of the house for operation in winter conditions (Appendix N 9);
Preparing for winter gutter system at home
You can place them wherever you want as they don't require a specific installation location. The operation varies depending on the type of system you are purchasing. There are very affordable heaters, both low consumption and storage.
These types of home heating systems need to know how to use them, or the cost of energy consumption can rise to unimaginable numbers. It is ideal for use in holiday homes or holiday homes. In places where your stay is temporary and its use is periodic.
Acts on the serviceability of safety automation and instrumentation (checkpoints) of boiler rooms and engineering equipment of buildings;
Acts of technical condition and serviceability of fire-fighting equipment;
Provision of fuel for boiler houses and the population before the start of the heating season: solid fuel not less than 70% of the heating season's demand, liquid fuel - according to the availability of warehouses, but not less than the average monthly consumption; a supply of sand for sprinkling sidewalks at the rate of at least 3-4 m3 per 1 thousand m2 of harvested area;
You already have all types of home heating that can be better tailored to your needs. Do not get under the sheets and enjoy at home during the cold season. With these tips, you can have proper heating for your home and control your energy consumption. Keep your home in good condition and we'll take care of cleaning it.
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Your homeowner must ensure that the temperature of your home is comfortable in all seasons. If you have a heating problem, you should contact your landlord first.
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The landlord is responsible for ensuring the proper functioning of the heating system and, when responsible for heating the dwelling, ensures that the tenant has sufficient room temperature regardless of the season.Acts on the readiness of cleaning equipment and inventory;
Acts on readiness for winter with an assessment of the quality of preparing buildings and apartments for winter and an act for each object, as well as acts for testing, washing, adjusting cold, hot water supply and heating systems.
2.6.11. In winter, uninterrupted operation of sewer outlets, manholes of the yard network and general outlets at the ends of buildings from a common pipeline laid in the basement should be ensured.
2.6.12. After the end of the heating season, the equipment of boiler houses, heating networks and heat points, all heating systems must be tested with hydraulic pressure in accordance with the established requirements.
Defects identified during the tests must be eliminated, after which repeated tests are carried out. Thermal networks are tested in accordance with established requirements.
2.6.13. During the summer period, the following work should be carried out:
a) for boiler houses - revision of fittings and equipment of instrumentation (control and measuring devices) and automation, elimination of gaps in the brickwork of boilers and chimneys, a contingent of operators was prepared and fuel was delivered: solid - in the calculation of 70% of the need for the heating season, liquid - according to availability of warehouses, but not less than the average monthly stock. The calculation of the required amount of fuel should be made in accordance with the current regulatory documents. Fuel storage should be carried out in accordance with established requirements;
b) for heating networks - flushing systems, revision of fittings, elimination of permanent and periodic clogging of channels, restoration of destroyed or replacement of insufficient thermal insulation of pipes in chambers, underground channels and basements (technical undergrounds);
c) for heating points - revision of fittings and equipment (pumps, heaters, etc.);
d) for heating and hot water supply systems - revision of taps and other stop valves of expanders and air collectors, restoration of destroyed or replacement of insufficient thermal insulation of pipes in stairwells, basements, attics, and in the niches of sanitary facilities. In the presence of non-heating of the radiators, their hydropneumatic flushing should be carried out. Upon completion of all repair work, the entire complex of heat supply devices is subject to operational adjustment during a test furnace;
e) for cleaning equipment and inventory for janitors - inspection, repair, replacement;
f) importation of sand for sprinkling sidewalks (at least 3 m3 per 1 thousand m2 of harvested area) and salt (at least 3-5% of the mass of sand) or its substitute;
g) explaining to tenants, tenants and owners of residential and non-residential premises the rules for preparing residential buildings for winter (installation of sealing gaskets in the porches of window and door openings, replacement of broken glass, etc.).
h) availability of primary fire extinguishing equipment.
Most of the territory of our country is located in climatic zones with cold winters, so the question of preparing the house for heating season is relevant to all property owners.
If for the state high-rise building answers Management Company or HOA, then the owners of private houses can only rely on themselves. Therefore, after one heating period they need to immediately start preparing for next winter.
And do not think that it is only a performance test heating furnace or, it is necessary to carefully inspect the entire house and determine all possible places of heat loss, check the waterproofing of the house, take care of the fuel for the stove or boiler.
Checking the thermal insulation of the house
Heat can leave the house in a variety of ways:
- 18 - 20% of heat escapes through windows and doors;
- with the help of a ventilation system (including a chimney) - 15%;
- poorly insulated floor - 10%;
- not insulated or wet walls - 30 - 35%;
- attic floor - 20%.
Therefore, all these sources of heat loss must be carefully checked and, if necessary, insulated. It is easy to insulate windows and doors both with the help of a modern sealant and with the old "grandfather" methods using cotton wool, newspapers, adhesive tape, foam rubber.
If you still have old wooden frames with dangling glass, then in the summer it is necessary to replace the glazing beads with new ones, putting them on window putty. This is heat loss through the window frames.
Wall revision.
If in the previous winter period or in the spring you found the walls jammed, then in the summer period it is necessary to find out the causes of this phenomenon and be sure to eliminate them.
- If the outer walls become damp almost evenly over the entire area, then it is worth considering whether you are using good enough wall insulation? With an insufficiently thick layer of insulation, the dew point shifts towards the inner surface of the wall and leads to moisture protruding on the walls. In this case, it is necessary to carry out additional insulation of the outer walls with modern insulation. If the house is brick, then you can use the finish "warm plaster".
- If the walls are damp from below, then this can happen for two reasons:
- destruction of the horizontal waterproofing of the foundation, as a result of which capillary moisture can enter the walls;
- there is no lining of the basement of the building with waterproof material, and there is also no blind area at home.
In the summer, it is necessary to restore the blind area and repair the lining of the basement.
- If the upper part of the walls gets wet, then there is a high probability that not everything is in order with the roof and moisture, falling on the attic floor, seeps onto the walls.
Inspection of the attic makes it possible to detect the following faults:
- Roof leaks that need to be fixed as soon as possible.
- Accumulation of condensation on the attic ceiling, which indicates insufficient vapor barrier of the attic floor or a malfunction of the house.
Communications audit
In the summer, it is necessary to check all engineering systems at home:
- ventilation system and chimneys;
- stove or heating boiler;
- water supply system;
- drainage systems;
- power supply system.
Checking the heating system consists in a thorough inspection of the pipelines and heating appliances for leaks and leaks. To do this, it is necessary to carry out a test run of the heating system in advance:
- Fill it with water or other coolant through the drain cock located at the lowest point of the system. Rising up, the coolant will gradually displace all the air accumulated in the pipelines and squeeze it out through the air vent valves.
- at least half an hour, checking at this time the tightness of all connections and heating devices for leaks.
- Using a manometer at the inlet to the system, you need to make sure that the pressure in the system is stable. If it falls, it is necessary to find leaks.
- If there are leaks, then the coolant must be drained and all defects eliminated.
- Then the test is repeated.
- Next, you need to raise the temperature in the system and check how quickly and evenly the devices warm up. If there are problems, they are eliminated.
- Then the temperature in the system is gradually reduced.
Checking the ventilation system and chimneys
The importance of proper chimney operation cannot be underestimated. The quality and safety of people living in the house depends on their condition.
If the chimneys are brick, then their serviceability must be checked at least once a quarter. In this case, the chimney is examined for the presence of destruction and cracks, which must be immediately eliminated. Chimneys made of other materials are usually checked once a year before the heating season.
The correct operation of the chimney and the ventilation system of the house is checked in the same way. In the case of a chimney, proceed as follows:
- Bring a small strip of paper or a lighted match to the viewing hole of the firebox. If the draft is normal, then the strip or flame of the match is drawn towards the hole.
- If the paper strip or the flame is deflected in the opposite direction, there is no thrust. So, it is urgent to clean the chimney.
In the case of ventilation, proceed as follows:
- A piece of paper or a lit match is brought to the vent while the window is open in the house. If the paper sticks to the grate or the flame is drawn towards the vent, there is a draft.
- Otherwise, if the paper is deflected back into the room, then there is reverse thrust. Ventilation ducts must be cleaned or blown with compressed air.
If the house has a fireplace, then fall also its chimneys.
Heating boiler test
Most often, water or antifreeze is used as a coolant in boilers. Antifreezes are liquids that do not freeze when low temperatures. Their integrity of the heating system in the event of an accident. Antifreeze, unlike water, does not freeze and expand when cooled, breaking pipes.
If the boiler is designed to work with antifreeze, then it is necessary to use only those brands that are indicated in the passport for the boiler.
For a scheduled check of the heating boiler's performance, it is better to use the services of specialists who will thoroughly check the boiler and draw up an inspection report. They know better all the possible malfunctions of a particular brand of boiler, so they will carry out better Maintenance unit.
Checking the water supply system
If the house has pipelines that are not used in the winter, it is necessary to block them, and drain the liquid from them with a hose. If there are pipes passing through cold rooms, then their additional layer of thermal insulation (mineral wool or polyurethane foam shells can be used).
- Before the onset of winter, you need to check the serviceability of all taps and valves available on the water supply. Pipes should be checked for leaks and repaired immediately. If possible, it is better to replace sections of pipes with defects with serviceable ones.
- If you have your own source of water supply - a well or a well, the water from which enters the house using pumping station, then it is better to install the station in a heated room, since it cannot work in the cold.
- If water is pumped into the storage tank using submersible pump, then it can be left in the water during the winter period. This is possible because usually the level of a well or well is below the freezing depth of the soil, so the water in them does not freeze.
- If the storage tank is located in a cold attic, then it must be insulated from the outside.
- If there are pipes in the system through which the liquid does not move constantly, especially if they are of small diameters, then there is a high probability of their freezing. To avoid this for their heating cable.
- Water supply pipes lying in the ground must be insulated if they are above the freezing depth of the soil. If they are located deep enough, then only that section of the pipe that is located at the entrance to the house will have to be insulated.
Preparing for winter gutter system at home
If your house is equipped with a drainage system, then it also needs to be prepared for the winter. To do this, an inspection of all parts of the drain is carried out:
- Gutters and funnels are checked for integrity. Defective parts must be replaced.
- It is necessary to check the strength of the brackets holding the gutters - the drain should not sag, otherwise, filled with frozen water, it may bend and collapse.
- , then it is desirable to use anti-icing systems consisting of a heating cable laid along gutters and downpipes.
- In order to keep the gutter system during the snow melt in the spring, you can use snow retainers that prevent large masses of snow from falling off the roof.
Anti-icing systems can be equipped with thermostats that turn on the cable when a certain temperature is reached. This allows you to save energy. Snow guards come in a variety of types and locations on the roof. It depends on the type of roofing material.
Audit of the power supply system at home
In especially cold winters, it is often necessary to use additional heaters and reflectors, which put a large load on the power grid. As a result, in houses, especially old ones, fires occur in winter.
Therefore, no matter how reliable the power supply system at home seems to you, it is necessary to revise it:
- It is necessary to check the strength of fastening of all sockets and switches. If you find somewhere that the device is heating up, then the electrical contacts are not reliable and must be repaired.
- If there are places where the wiring is hidden, you need to check them. It is also worth measuring the insulation resistance of the wires.
- in the shield, especially on the neutral wire. The weakening of this contact can lead to "phase imbalance", in which Appliances may fail.
- If a machine often knocks out, replace it with a new one. Keep a few fuses on hand.
- If power is often cut off in your area, and it’s worth it in your house, then it would be nice to have an additional power source that will help out during an accident.
All these works can be done slowly in the summer and autumn. Then the winter, no matter how long and cold it turns out to be, will pass without unpleasant surprises.