Temperature standard in the apartment. The air temperature in the apartment in winter and the obligation of the management company to ensure the temperature regime
During the heating season must be maintained optimum temperature heating batteries in an apartment, the rate of which is regulated by Government Decree No. 354 Russian Federation dated 05/06/2011. With district heating, as in the heating system of a private house, the heating of the coolant in the network is regulated depending on weather conditions. The goal is to maintain the standard air temperature in residential premises. But often these standards are not observed for various reasons, and residents have to solve the problem on their own.
Requirements for heating networks
With district heating, the source of heat is a boiler house or a CHP where hot water high-temperature boilers are installed (steam boilers at CHPs). The fuel is usually natural gas, other energy carriers are used to a lesser extent. The temperature of the heat carrier at the outlet of the boiler is 115 °C, but the water does not boil under pressure. The need for heating up to 115 ° C is explained by the fact that boiler plants in this mode operate with maximum efficiency.
The transition from 115 ° C to the required temperature value is provided by plate or shell-and-tube heat exchangers. At CHP plants, heat exchangers receive exhaust steam from turbines to produce electricity. According to regulatory requirements, the water temperature in the heating pipes should not exceed 105 ° C, the lower limit depends on outdoor conditions. In this range, the heating of water in the heating network is regulated depending on the weather, for which each boiler room has temperature graph heating systems. For home networks, 2 calculation schedules are used:
- 105/70 °С;
- 95/70 °C.
These figures show the maximum temperature of the supply and return water during the most severe frosts in a particular area. But at the beginning and at the end of the heating season, when the weather is still not too cold, there is no point in heating the coolant to 105 ° C, therefore, a real temperature heating schedule is drawn up, which describes how much water should be heated at different outdoor temperatures. The dependence of heating on weather conditions is shown in the table, which contains excerpts from the schedule for Ufa:
Temperature, °С | |||
outdoor air average daily | on the supply with the estimated schedule 105/70 | on the supply with the estimated schedule 95/70 | in the return line |
+8 | 43 | 41 | 36 |
0 | 56 | 52 | 43 |
-5 | 64 | 59 | 48 |
-10 | 71 | 65 | 52 |
-15 | 78 | 72 | 56 |
-20 | 85 | 78 | 59 |
-25 | 92 | 84 | 63 |
-30 | 99 | 89 | 67 |
-35 | 105 | 95 | 70 |
The table is presented as an example and is correct only for this city, another locality has its own dependence, because climatic conditions across the country are different.
It is quite difficult to find out exactly what the temperature of the coolant in a centralized heating network is. To do this, you need to have a remote thermometer that determines the degree of surface heating. So to determine how the heating standards in the apartment are observed, it is possible only by the air temperature in the rooms.
heating requirements
According to the aforementioned Decree, the start of centralized heating is carried out after 5 days, during which the average outdoor temperature does not exceed +8 °C. If, after 4 cold days, warmth comes again on the fifth, then the beginning heating period delayed until these conditions are met. Heating norms prescribe that the termination of heating operation occurs according to the same principle: 5 days must pass with an average daily temperature of +8 ° C.
There are changes in the Decree that provide for an individual approach to the supply of heat to buildings that fully comply with the requirements for thermal insulation. Heat supply organizations are required to turn on the heating of such houses as soon as the temperature in the street drops to the value provided for project documentation. It is easy to guess that in reality these changes are not carried out very well, and the start of heat supply occurs simultaneously in all residential buildings - insulated and ordinary.
During the heating period, the district heating system must provide multi-apartment residential buildings with a sufficient amount of heat energy. In order for the heat supply service to be considered fully provided, the following requirements for the permissible air temperature in rooms for various purposes must be met:
- living rooms - from 18 to 24 °С, corner rooms - from 20 °С;
- bathroom (or separate toilet and bathroom) - from 18 to 26 ° C;
- kitchen (taking into account the heat source in the form of a stove) - from 18 to 26 ° С;
- pantry - from 12 to 22 ° С;
- corridor - from 16 to 20 °С.
For apartment buildings located in cold northern regions, the lower limit of permissible temperature in living rooms has been increased to +20 °С (in corner rooms up to +22 °С). The increase comes into force on the condition that the frost on the street reaches -31 ° C (on average per day) and lasts at least 5 days. It is also allowed to reduce the temperature in the apartment by 3 ° C from midnight to 5.00 in the morning.
Heat supply to a number of apartments or the building as a whole may be interrupted as a result of an emergency and unforeseen repairs. But for the repair work, regulatory documents allocate a certain time, depending on weather conditions. The colder the outside air, the sooner the relevant service is obliged to rectify the fault. The total duration of breaks in heating operation is no more than 24 hours per month.
Failure to comply with the requirements of the heat supply organization
When the duration of repair measures exceeds the time allocated according to the norms, the heat supplier is obliged to recalculate the payment, its value is reduced by 0.15% for each extra hour of disconnected heat supply. According to the rules, the same recalculation must be carried out for all the time when the temperature in the apartments was below the permissible level (18 ° C). At the same time, the deducted amount of payment cannot be more than the amount for the entire period when sufficient heat was not supplied to the radiators for heating. In some cases, the regulatory document allows for the complete exemption of affected tenants from payment.
In order to get the discount provided legislative acts, residents apartment building a number of formalities must be completed:
- After taking measurements of the air temperature, report a violation of the standards to the dispatching service of the enterprise supplying thermal energy. It is best to make a written statement signed by those living in the apartment.
- The application must be registered in the prescribed manner.
- According to the rules, after a complaint is received, an inspection must be carried out by the caretaker technicians within 2 hours. They are obliged to visit the dwelling and check how many degrees are in the apartment at the moment.
- Based on the results of the inspection, an act is drawn up, signed by the inspectors and the injured party. If necessary, an additional examination may be appointed, the cost of which is paid by the heat supplier. But if the examination concludes that the standards are not violated, its cost will be included in the payment for thermal energy.
Practice shows that employees of a heating network enterprise may not come with an inspection or their visit does not bring results. In such a situation, the act is drawn up independently and endorsed by at least 2 service users, and then by the chairman elected by the council of apartment building owners. A copy of the act is officially transferred to the heat supply organization and is registered there. The provision of a poor quality service is considered from the moment when the act is signed by all parties.
Further non-fulfillment by the enterprise of its obligations leads to litigation, where the act drawn up earlier, which has legal force, will play an important role. Similar actions against unscrupulous heat suppliers are necessary to encourage them to reconstruct worn-out networks and equipment, and it will be more expensive to pay for claims.
The requirements for air temperature in residential premises during the cold season are contained in GOST R 51617-2000. State standard of the Russian Federation. Housing and communal services. General technical conditions. ”, approved by the Decree of the State Standard of Russia dated 06/19/2000 N 158-st (as amended on 07/22/2003).
The specified GOST, depending on the purpose of the premises, determines the permissible values \u200b\u200bof the air temperature in residential premises: from 18 to 25 degrees Celsius.
So, for example, if general rule, the air temperature in the living room of the apartment must be at least 18 degrees Celsius, then the air temperature in the bathroom or the combined room of the restroom and bathroom must be 25 degrees Celsius.
The permissible air temperature in the lobby, stairwell, common corridor in the apartment building is 16 degrees.
Norms of air temperature in apartments according to SanPiN
SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10 (sanitary rules and norms) approved by the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated 10.06.2010 N 64.
The values of the optimal and permissible indoor air temperature are given in Appendix No. 2 to SanPiN 2.1.2.2645-10 (“Optimal and permissible norms for temperature, relative humidity and air velocity in the premises of residential buildings”).
The name of a room air temperature in degrees Celsius
optimal allowable
cold period of the year
Living room 20-22 18-24
The same, in districts the most 21-23 20-24
cold five days
(minus 31 C and below)
Kitchen 19-21 18-26
Toilet 19-21 18-26
Bathroom, combined bathroom 24-26 18-26
Inter-apartment corridor 18-20 16-22
Vestibule, staircase 16-18 14-20
Storerooms 16-18 12-22
Warm period of the year
Living room 22-25 20-28
The management company must ensure temperature regime not only in apartments, but also on stairwells, attics and basements.
In accordance with clause 4.10.2.1. Rules and norms for the technical operation of the housing stock", approved Decree of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation of September 27, 2003 N 170, housing maintenance organizations during the operation of residential buildings should regularly take measures to maintain the proper temperature and humidity conditions and air exchange in residential and auxiliary premises.
Moreover, the management company is obliged to maintain the temperature and humidity conditions not only in the apartments of a residential building, but also:
AT attic spaces(in cold attic rooms - no more than 4 degrees Celsius above the outside temperature, in warm attic rooms - no lower than 12 degrees Celsius). (clause 3.3. Decree of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation No. 170);
AT basements and technical undergrounds (basements must be dry, clean, have lighting and ventilation. The air temperature must not be lower than +5 degrees Celsius, the relative humidity of the air must not be higher than 60%). (clauses 3.4.1., 4.1.3. Decrees of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation No. 170);
On the stairwells(air temperature - not less than +16 degrees Celsius) (clause 4.8.14. Gosstroy Resolution No. 170).
Not only well-being, but also the state of human health depends on how comfortable the temperature in the apartment is. That is why scientists have identified certain norms that are considered optimal for room temperatures.
What should be the temperature in the room
AT different countries and cities, the norm of a comfortable temperature regime is different, and this is due, first of all, to the climatic features of the area. To determine what air temperature is optimal for a particular room, you also need to consider how humid the air is in it.
In addition, it is worth noting that depending on the season, the microclimate also changes. For example, in winter, the apartment is heated with a battery and the temperature in it is slightly lower than in summer, when heating replaces the warm sun.
In the cold season, the air in the room should be warmed up to +22 degrees Celsius, and in the warm season - up to +25. At first glance, this difference may seem insignificant, but in fact it is not.
Room temperature
Perhaps it is no secret to anyone that the air in the apartment is heated unevenly. The temperature regime largely depends on what is the function of the room?
Additionally, it is worth noting that the proper temperature regime must be maintained in all rooms and at the same time try to ensure that when moving from one room to another, you do not feel too strong changes in air temperature. A normal and comfortable temperature regime for a person implies that by moving, for example, from the living room to the kitchen, you will not feel a significant difference, as the temperature will change max 2 degrees to one side or the other.
Temperature regime for newborns
In the development of the baby, the conditions surrounding him play almost one of the most important roles and that is why it is necessary to observe the proper temperature regime in the room in which the child rests and spends most of his time. In order for the newborn not to get sick and his health not to be shaken, it is important not only to avoid hypothermia, but also excessive overheating.
The temperature norm for a baby also depends on its physical data:
- A newborn born right on time and without any abnormalities will feel comfortable at 19°-21°C.
- A premature baby requires more attention and therefore the air temperature in his bedroom should be approximately 24 ° -25 ° C.
What causes hypothermia or excessive overheating of the child's body
Room temperature for newborns should be comfortable and comply with the standard according to GOST. After all, heat in infants is released more intensely than in older children and they sweat more, because of this, the child's body loses the water and mineral salts it needs.
In order to prevent this from happening, you need to carefully monitor how much the air in the room warms up. It is also worth noting that there are a number of symptoms indicating that newborn overheated:
- The child's body temperature is slightly higher than normal
- The newborn begins to breathe through the mouth
- The baby's breathing is difficult due to the appearance of hard crusts in the nose
- Redness and diaper rash appear in the folds on the skin
- The baby may have a tummy ache
Due to even a slight hypothermia, a newborn can get sick, so you need to ensure that the temperature in the child’s bedroom does not drop even a couple of degrees.
How to create a comfortable temperature for the baby
Usually the temperature in the apartment does not fall below 18 - 20 degrees. With the exception of the period when the heating in the apartments has only recently been turned off or is about to be turned on.
Therefore, if you notice that the air in the room has become too cold and the newborn is freezing, you need to artificially “warm up” the room. In addition, it will also be useful to additionally warm the baby itself by covering it with a warm blanket or blanket.
Today, as well as at all times, one of the important criteria in human life is the comfort of his living environment, which includes favorable temperature indicators in his house at any time of the year. A person, no matter what the weather outside, wants to come home to feel not only like in a reliable fortress, but also to relax under the most appropriate temperature conditions.
Let's start with the summer. What temperature should be in the apartment during this period? According to regulatory documents, it should be + 23-25 degrees with a relative humidity of 40-60 percent and an air speed of 15 meters per second, with the obligatory presence of good ventilation in the house. Noise, by the way, should not be more than 30-40 decibels.
In autumn, when the temperature of the external environment begins to drop, heating of dwellings comes to the rescue to maintain comfort. Because the most of of the population uses the services of the centralized heating system, the utilities before the start of the heating season carry out its flushing and pressure testing. This is a test of pipes and pipelines for tightness and endurance in order to avoid emergency replacement of their sections during the season, as well as for the normal functioning of the coolant.
When does it start heating season? In the Rules governing the provision utilities heating consumers, it is clearly indicated that if the outside air temperature is below 8 degrees for 3 days, then the heating season begins on the next day from the last recorded day
And the question immediately arises: what temperature should be in the batteries? In direct proportion to the air temperature outside. The higher this indicator, the lower, respectively, the temperature of the water in the batteries. With an average daily temperature fluctuation from +1 to +2 degrees, batteries should be slightly warm with a temperature of +40 degrees. If frosts rage outside the window, then the water temperature in them can reach +90 degrees. As for the off-season, there are no standards here, and everyone can warm up as best they can.
One follows from the other: what temperature should be in the batteries depends on what temperature should be in the apartment.
The air temperature is measured in each room on its inner wall at a distance of 1.5 meters from the floor and from the outer wall at a distance of one meter.
What should be the temperature in the apartment in winter in an apartment building, regulates SNiP According to this normative document, should be as follows: +20 degrees in the corner room, +18 degrees in the living room and +25 degrees in the bathroom. What temperature should be in the apartment, you now know. By the way, in the stairwell this figure should be +16 degrees, in the elevator room +5 degrees and +4 degrees in the attic.
And one more thing: what temperature should be in the apartment if a newborn stays in it? Not higher than 22 degrees, since the metabolism of the baby is intense, a lot of heat is released, therefore, so that the baby does not sweat, the temperature is quite comfortable for him 18-20 degrees, and he should be dressed freely.
And such an important detail: a comfortable living environment is simply unthinkable without hot water, which consumers, according to the regulatory Rule for the provision of services, must be provided year-round, and the supplied water must be strictly within the temperature range from 50 degrees to 75.
It is desirable that the question of uninterrupted supply never arises. all year round, as well as about what should be the temperature in the apartment in winter. These questions should sink into oblivion and the components of comfort for each person should be taken for granted.