Accounting 10 account materials. Write-off of materials step by step instructions for accounting
To summarize and analyze information about the balances and movement of materials owned by the organization, account 10 is used. In the article you can find information about the features of accounting for account 10, as well as typical postings and examples of operations with materials.
Account 10: accounting features
Account 10 is intended for the accumulation of accounting data on raw materials, materials, spare parts and semi-finished products owned by the organization.
Given the materials for production purposes, the organization, as a rule, reflects the operations for the receipt and write-off of goods and materials in correspondence with production accounts:
Write-off / posting of materials at trading enterprises is carried out using the account of sales expenses:
Operations with materials that were used to repair / purchase fixed assets are accounted for in correspondence with account 08:
Video lesson “Accounting 10 (Materials), postings, examples”
In this video lesson, the expert teacher of the site “Accounting and tax accounting for dummies” Natalya Vasilievna Gandeva talks in detail about Account 10 “Materials”, accounting, typical postings and practical examples. To watch the video, click on it ⇓
The slides for the presentation in the lesson can be found at the link below.
Account 10 in accounting: receipt of materials
The arrival of materials at the warehouse can be carried out both on the basis of primary documents received from the supplier, and without them (the so-called non-invoiced delivery). Let's look at each of these operations with an example.
Delivery according to settlement documents
LLC "Gulliver" purchased materials from JSC "Market" - spare parts necessary for the production of products. The cost of components according to the consignment note amounted to 247.500 rubles, VAT 37.754 rubles. Delivery of components to the warehouse cost Gulliver LLC 64.800 rubles, VAT 9.885 rubles.
Taking into account the received spare parts at the actual cost, the accountant of Gulliver LLC made the following entries:
Uninvoiced delivery
LLC "Avers" signed an agreement with the meat-packing plant "Central" for the supply of minced meat. In April 2015, a delivery was made, in which MC "Central" was not provided with settlement documents. In April 2015 minced meat was transferred for the production of sausages. The cost of minced meat was reflected in accounting at market value (according to the cost of supply of the previous batch of minced meat) - 147.200 rubles, VAT 22.454 rubles. In April 2015, minced meat was transferred to production, sausages were made from it, which were sold in the same month at a price of 182,900 rubles, VAT 27,900 rubles. In May 2015, MK "Central" provided LLC "Avers" documents, according to which the cost of minced meat was 163.400 rubles, VAT 24.925 rubles.
The following entries were made in the accounting of Avers LLC:
Debit | Credit | Description | Sum | Document |
10 | 60 | The cost of minced meat, which arrived at the warehouse of Avers LLC without documents, is reflected in the accounting | 124.746 rub. | |
19 | 60 | Reflected the amount of VAT on the uninvoiced supply of minced meat | 22.454 rub. | Bill of lading for the delivery of the previous batch of materials, Accounting statement-calculation |
20 | 10 | Minced meat transferred to production | 124.746 rub. | |
43 | 20 | The cost of sausage products at the market price (the cost of credited minced meat) has been taken into account | 124.746 rub. | Costing, Bill of lading for the delivery of the previous batch of materials |
62 | 90.1 | Sausages sold | 182.900 rub. | Implementation Report |
90.2 | 43 | Reflected the write-off of the actual cost of sold sausages | 124.746 rub. | |
90.3 | 68 VAT | Accounted for the amount of VAT on sales proceeds | 27.900 rub. | Implementation Report |
51 | 62 | Funds were credited to the account of Avers LLC as payment for the sold sausages | 182.900 rub. | Bank statement |
10 | 60 | Reversal of the cost of minced meat for an uninvoiced delivery | 124.746 rub. | |
19 | 60 | Reversal of the VAT amount on an uninvoiced delivery | 22.454 rub. | Bill of lading for the current supply of materials |
20 | 10 | Reversal of the cost of minced meat transferred to the production of sausages | 124.746 rub. | Bill of lading for the current supply of materials |
43 | 20 | Reversal of the cost of sausages at market price (cost of minced meat purchased) | 124.746 rub. | Bill of lading for the current supply of materials |
90.2 | 43 | Reversal of the write-off of the actual cost of shipped products (sausages) at the price of minced meat (non-invoiced delivery) | 124.746 rub. | Bill of lading for the current supply of materials |
10 | 60 | The cost of minced meat is reflected according to the documents (163.400 rubles - 24.925 rubles) | 138.475 rub. | Bill of lading for the current supply of materials |
19 | 60 | Reflected the amount of VAT on the supply of minced meat | 24.925 rub. | Bill of lading for the current supply of materials |
68 VAT | 19 | VAT sent for deduction | 24.925 rub. | Invoice |
20 | 10 | Minced meat transferred to the production of sausages | 138.475 rub. | Requirement-invoice, Act of material consumption |
43 | 20 | The cost of sausage products is reflected in accordance with settlement documents | 138.475 rub. | Bill of lading for the current supply of materials, Costing |
90.2 | 43 | Written off the actual cost of sold sausages | 138.475 rub. | Implementation Report, Costing |
60 | 51 | Funds of MK "Central" were transferred on account of payment for the supply of minced meat | 163.400 rub. | Payment order |
Write-off of materials on account 10
The main operations for the disposal of materials from the warehouse is their write-off to production.
Consider an example: Revers LLC, whose activities are related to the automotive industry, procure spare parts. For this purpose, 143 units of spare parts were transferred from the warehouse to the workshop at a price of 341 rubles per unit. The purpose of the expenditure of materials in the requirement-consignment note were not specified.
The accountant of Revers LLC made the following entries in the accounting:
Material disposal operations may also be associated with technological losses incurred in excess of or within established standards.
Consider an example: the accounting policy of Industrialnik JSC approved a threshold for technological losses at the level of 0.65% of the weight of materials used in production. According to the results of August 2015 at Industrialnik JSC:
- processed 125 tons of sheet metal;
- the price of 1 ton of sheet metal is 24,700 rubles;
- total cost of processing - 3.087.500 rubles;
- actual losses - 0.95% (1.19 tons, 29.393 rubles).
Hidden text
- standard losses (weight) 0.65% * 125 t = 0.82 t;
- normative losses (cost) 0.82 t * 24.700 rubles. = 20.254 rubles;
- normative losses (cost) 29.393 rubles. - 20.254 rubles. = 9.139 rub.
Such entries were made in the accounting of Industrialnik JSC.
As part of the article in compressed form the necessary minimum of regulatory and methodological requirements for the organization of competent accounting on account 10, in the "Materials" section, is presented. These theoretical basis on account 10 “Materials”, the employee must know in order to perform his labor functions according to the professional standard “Accountant for Materials Accounting”.
The article considers:
- The main features of the work of an accountant with a score of 10;
- Key points of working with a score of 10, a score of 15, a score of 16;
- Practical recommendations for working with sub-accounts of account 10;
- Rules for the recognition of materials as part of the MPZ;
- What should an accountant indicate in his accounting policy for working with account 10;
- Recent changes in legislation for small businesses to simplify the recording of transactions related to the purchase of materials (in connection with the updated version of PBU 5/01 and PBU 6/01, effective from 06/20/2016);
- Development on practical examples of a new legally permitted approach to accounting for materials only at the supplier's price for small businesses;
- Making changes to the accounting policy after 06/20/2016. small businesses that have decided to simplify accounting for the registration of materials.
Advantages of the article:
- Within the framework of the article, everything necessary for competent and conscious work according to the professional standard "Accountant for Materials Accounting" is given;
- The article will be useful for beginner accountants;
- Helps to understand the wording of the elements of the Accounting Policy, incorporated in the 1C accounting programs in terms of working with account 10;
- accessible language of presentation.
When this or that thing arrives at the organization on the waybill, the novice accountant is confused and cannot understand how to take into account the acquired values. Materials? Fixed assets? Products? Which account or sub-account should be credited to?
This article is intended to provide an opportunity to better understand the features of accounting on account 10 "Materials". Of course, no one canceled the legislative and normative documents. However, not everyone can interpret the normative language in the right way.
So, let's talk about account 10 "Materials", consider the key points necessary for understanding the accounting on this account, and the practical side of the accounting methodology.
In order to reflect something on account 10 “Materials”, you need to make sure that this “something” has the right to be accepted on this account.
Since there is no separate definition of such a category as “Materials” in the accounting legislation, it is necessary to first clarify the essence of the terms - Materials, inventories, goods and materials.
The name itself indicates the essence of this category of accounting object. Whether an organization is engaged in business or non-commercial activities, to ensure this activity it will need:
- Property that forms the material basis of the final product of the organization (basic materials);
- Property that contributes to the very process of labor (auxiliary materials);
- In addition, a certain set of things is needed in order to organize the workflow itself, that is, to implement the management function.
And in order to ensure the continuity of various stages and processes of work, these things must be stocked up: create stocks in the required reasonable amount and ensure their safety in storage places. Therefore, this kind of property is accepted for accounting as inventories.
During the operating cycle, materials are consumed, losing their original material form, and the cost of the used materials is fully included in the cost of the final product. Thus, these materials have already passed into the composition of the product and their life cycle as materials in the organization has ended. And now we can talk about them, only arguing about the cost of costs in the form of materials in one unit of production, in 1 hour of repair work, in 1% of any services rendered. The original material form has disappeared and in an altered state, in fragments, the materials are already present in the final product of the company.
Taking into account all of the above, we will not allow such a mistake and will not attribute the purchased electricity to account 10 “Materials”. Yes, it has a unit of measure "kW", it is used in production activities, but it does not have a material form, it cannot be placed in a warehouse and stored, it cannot be transferred from one department to another.
And one moment. All property belonging to the organization on the right of ownership, classified as materials, is part of the inventory and materials (commodity material assets). The word value indicates that materials can be sold by themselves and used for production, the final product of which, if sold, will bring profit, that is, they are an element of economic wealth.
Summary
The accountant will accept for accounting such assets as materials as inventories and attribute them to account 10 “Materials” if they, having an independent value, and not as part of any thing:
- Will be used as materials necessary for the production of products, performance of work, provision of services, changing the form, composition, state;
- Will be used, as a rule, in accordance with established norms or norms of business turnover;
- They completely disappear and transfer their value completely to the manufactured products, work or service rendered;
- Or, being unclaimed, they will be sold, although the material assets that were originally received were not intended for sale.
Main laws and regulations governing the category "Materials"
The rules for the recognition of materials as part of the inventory and their accounting are regulated by:
- By the norms of the Federal Law of 06.12.2011. No. 402-FZ "On Accounting" in the latest edition;
- PBU 5/01 "Accounting for inventories" (as amended on May 16, 2016);
- Methodological guidelines for accounting of inventories;
- PBU 1/2008 entitled "Accounting policy of the organization".
This is the minimum that is required from an accountant who is a candidate for an inventory site of any organization.
Having determined that the items received belong to the category “Materials” as part of the inventory, we have the right to reflect them on account 10 “Materials”.
Now there is a new task - to properly organize accounting in accordance with the Chart of Accounts for accounting of financial and economic activities of organizations and the Instructions for the use of the Chart of Accounts (approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n, as amended on November 08, 2010 No. 142n).
General view of the account 10 "Materials"
Account 10 of accounting is a synthetic account "Materials", designed to summarize information about the presence and movement of the entire set of materials, that is, all materials in general. The amount on the account is indicated in monetary terms.
This account is classified as active, which means that the opening balance will be in the debit of the account, all receipts on the account will be in the debit of the account, and expenses and deregistration will be in the credit. The final balance will be in the debit of account 10. A negative amount on Dt 10 will indicate an error.
Schematically, in the context of economic events, this can be depicted as follows:
To reflect the whole variety of materials with which the accountant has to work, analytics should be opened for the account, that is, a detailed description. In 1C software products, analytical accounting goes through the names of the subconto.
Components of analytical accounting
Nomenclature
The account is kept for each name. If materials are received, the names of which are indicated in one unit of measure, for example, in rolls, and a certain number of meters are required for use on site, then one unit of measure will be converted to another. In 1C accounting programs, this can be done through the disassembly mechanism.
parties
Accounting by batches means that accounting is maintained for each receipt document, indicating the date and number of the document.
Warehouses
Accounting for warehouses means reflecting information on storage locations in a regulatory manner, materials must be delivered to the warehouse under the material responsibility of the employee. Even if there is no warehouse as such, the materials still arrive at some place. It is necessary to fix the storage location in the Accounting Policy by giving it a name, for example: “Office”.
Subdivisions
This analytic reveals information about cost centers. For example, if stationery for the office was received, the place of use of materials is indicated - “AUP”, etc. This analytical accounting is required when using 1C software products.
Very important! Without specifying the unit (that is, where, in fact, they will use the acquired), the 1C accounting program will not perform the month closing procedure.
Important! Data equality must be maintained analytical accounting turnovers and balances of synthetic accounting as of the last calendar day of each month.
Sub-accounts to account 10, classification of materials by sub-accounts and practice of working with them
By account 10, sub-accounts are opened. In the chart of accounts, they are denoted by a dot. The prefix "sub" means subordinate. That is why all sub-accounts act as components of account 10.
Let's get acquainted with sub-accounts to the 10th account. The names of sub-accounts and their number in the standard plan are predetermined. The Instructions for the Chart of Accounts provide a list of the types of materials that are reflected in each sub-account.
Immediately make a reservation that the list of types of materials recommended by the Instructions for the chart of accounts — not hard. The criteria for assigning purchased materials to one or another sub-account are rather conditional. The numbering of sub-accounts of the synthetic account 10 Materials in the standard plan is built according to their importance in the production cycle of the enterprise. Therefore, one should understand the basic business process that takes place in the company, as a result of which the final product is manufactured and then sold.
Each organization must independently determine on which sub-account to take into account the purchased materials by analyzing its production cycle.
How to analyze? For example, where to take stationery?
There are no clear guidelines. From the customs of business turnover, materials are taken into account on sub-account 10.09. For analysis, you need to build on the statutory activities of the company. Why the company was created, how a specific final product is measured, what role stationery plays in this:
- In the consulting industry, stationery is a very important part of the manufacturing process. We make a decision to reflect the receipt of stationery to subaccount 10.01
- The same is true in the field of education.
Let's say you are an accountant in a commercial kindergarten. Where do you take the sheets? Children's sleep is part of the educational production process. You make a decision - to reflect on the sub-account 10.01.
The decision made is fixed in the Accounting Policy through the working chart of accounts, which specifically lists the subaccounts used and signs what will be mainly included there.
Sub-account 10.01 "Raw materials"
This takes into account the presence and movement of:
a) The property that forms the basis of the manufactured end product(products, works, services). They are necessary components of a unit of output, a unit of work or services rendered.
This is how an enterprise conducting contract construction activities will reflect building materials. But, if the company itself occasionally builds something, then these building materials will be registered on another sub-account - 10.08.
An enterprise providing consulting services (accounting, legal, marketing, etc.) has the right to show office paper on this account, since as a result of the impact of intellectual work, this paper has lost its original shape. The knowledge of specialists has turned into valuable information displayed on paper. However, many accountants reflect such materials on account 10.06.
As a rule, the main materials are consumed in direct proportion to the amount of the final product produced. Understanding this, fix it in the accounting policy, which is mainly reflected in this sub-account as part of the main materials.
b) raw materials.
Raw materials are commonly referred to as agricultural and mining products.
c) Auxiliary materials, which also participate in the main production process, playing a supporting role. They act on the base materials to give the product certain properties.
Suppose a company produces Christmas tree decorations, then dyes and chemicals will be auxiliary materials. The consumption of auxiliary materials may not be directly related to the amount of the final product.
Understanding the above, you can easily determine the types of materials that need to be reflected in sub-accounts. The decision is fixed in the Accounting policy and in the working Chart of Accounts. Do not take the working Chart of Accounts as a formality, "tie" it to the production process in the company.
Sub-account 10.02 "Purchased semi-finished products and components, structures, parts"
Subaccount 10.03 "Fuel"
Fuel is conditionally divided into:
- Technological - for the technological production process;
- Motor - fuel for engines, the so-called fuels and lubricants or fuels and lubricants;
- Household - for heating.
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If there is official transport or various units (gas mowers, gas generators), then fuel and lubricants will be required. Fuels and lubricants include:
- All types of fuel - gas, diesel, gasoline;
- Lubricants - oils, lubricants used in the process of repair, maintenance and operation of vehicles;
- Brake fluids.
On this account, it is necessary to provide accounting for each unit and each vehicle.
A practical example of reflecting transactions for the purchase of fuels and lubricants using fuel cards, indicating the key points of accounting, is considered in ours.
Sub-account 10.04 "Containers and packaging materials"
It is customary to reflect on this sub-account items used for packaging, transportation and storage of various materials and products. Containers include bags, boxes, boxes, barrels, cans, bottles, etc.
We often see bottles mounted on a cooler. It's just a container. Containers can be returnable, like these bottles, and non-returnable: they opened the package - and you still have it. There are subtleties of accounting for these two types of containers.
Sub-account 10.05 "Spare parts"
Here we reflect the materials that are used to repair and replace worn parts of machines and equipment.
Sub-account 10.06 "Other materials"
This sub-account reflects returnable waste, that is, the remains of raw materials, the remains of the main, auxiliary materials, purchased semi-finished products that were formed from materials in the process of their processing in finished product. Waste has lost its original properties, but has not turned into garbage (sawdust, cuttings). Returned materials still have some value. They can be used within the organization or sold, for example, by forming kits for children's creativity. Also here you can reflect the items of office and household equipment that are not directly used in the main production cycle.
Sub-account 10.08 "Building materials"
If you build and repair something and this is the main activity, then building materials are charged to account 10.01. But if an enterprise, for example, a developer, purchases materials to give to the contractor, then this type of material is reflected on account 10.08. Do the same if construction is not the main activity of the organization.
Subaccount 10.09 "Inventory and household supplies"
- Household supplies are general household items.
- Inventory is technical items that are involved in the production process and the general business cycle, but cannot be classified as fixed assets.
For example, office equipment and other items that will be used for more than 12 months and the company does not plan to sell it further.
Here you can reflect low-value and wearing items, fixed assets, less than 40,000 rubles.
Sub-account 10.10 "Special equipment and special clothing in stock"
Special tools and special devices are technical means that have individual (unique) properties and are designed to ensure the conditions for the manufacture (release) of specific types of products (performance of work, provision of services).
Special clothing is personal protective equipment for workers, special footwear and safety devices. It includes overalls, suits, jackets, trousers, dressing gowns, sheepskin coats, various shoes, mittens, glasses, helmets. In large quantities, overalls are used in hazardous industries, in construction, in clearing companies.
Main idea: Overalls are intended for use by an employee in the performance of a labor function. Immediately make a reservation that branded clothing does not fall under the concept of workwear.
Accounting for overalls should be organized in the manner determined by the Methodological Instructions.
Subaccount 10.11 "Special clothing in operation"
The name speaks for itself. A special group is low value fixed assets. On the one hand, they are used in the organization for more than a year, and on the other hand, their cost is negligible.
Currently, the cost limit for accounting purposes is 40,000 rubles. The Company has the right to approve the cost limit for attributing such fixed assets to inventory in order to account for them in accordance with the standards set forth in PBU 5/01. The fact of such an approach to accounting for low-value fixed assets is fixed in the Accounting Policy. Otherwise, the regulatory authorities will consider low-value items as fixed assets.
And here is how the 10th account for sub-accounts looks like in the 1C 8.3 Accounting program:
Turnover balance sheet for account 10 "Materials"
General idea of the balance sheet
Within a month, and even more so a year, the accountant accumulates a lot of transactions. All these postings are included in the posting journal in a form convenient for analysis and work. In a grouped and generalized form, information enters the accounting registers.
The most commonly used register in accounting practice is the balance sheet (SCB), which is a general report, that is, a summary report.
The balance sheet is a table that groups information about the opening and closing balances and the turnover of each accounting account for the reporting period. Based on this report, it is possible to analyze the situation on each specific date, and not just at the end of the reporting period.
The main features of the SALT and the nuances in its formation on account 10
The balance sheet for account 10 has its own characteristics, since account 10 is one of the few that, according to the standard chart of accounts, must be maintained without fail:
- For individual items;
- Quantity;
- Storage locations, because the same material can be stored in different warehouses.
The specificity of the formation of SALT on account 10 lies in the variety of nomenclatures, warehouses, materially responsible persons and a large amount of primary documents. WWS is first formed for each warehouse, then all statements for warehouses are collected in a consolidated WWS.
The balance sheet for account 10, generated in the context of warehouses, shows the balance of inventories for each materially responsible person.
OSV can be compiled both for individual sub-accounts of account 10, and for synthetic account 10 as a whole. Data on the balance of the synthetic account from the balance sheet is transferred to the balance sheet.
Account 10 is active - this means that the account balance can only be debit, a credit balance is not allowed and indicates an error.
So, the balance sheet for account 10 contains:
- Balance at the beginning of the period in quantitative and value terms;
- Arrival in quantitative and cost terms, which reflects the receipt of materials, called debit turnover;
- Expense in quantitative and cost terms, which reflects the write-off (for example, in production, for sale) called credit turnover;
- Balance at the end of the period in quantitative and value terms.
Let us consider the main points related to the formation of WWS using an example. In particular, how is the procedure for receipt, write-off of materials, and how these movements are reflected in the SALT.
Formation of OSV on sub-accounts of account 10 "Materials" on an example
Suppose a newly formed company Delovoy Center LLC, which is under the general taxation regime, is redecorating its own building. In December 2016, a certain amount of necessary materials was purchased for these needs. At the beginning of the month, the warehouse already had balances for some items of materials. Conditional figures are given in the table.
In the same month, 60 kg of white enamel and 5 kg of yellow enamel, released from the warehouse, were used for repairs. We will determine the cost of the materials used and form the balance sheet for December 2016 in the information base of the accounting program 1C Accounting 8.3.
For simplicity, we will assume that the company did not purchase other materials. Both the receipt and disposal of building materials necessary for the redecoration of the business center were carried out within the same warehouse.
Additional Information. At the beginning of 2016, before starting work in the 1C program, the provisions from the document “Accounting policy of the company Delovoy Center LLC for 2016” were transferred to the Accounting policy section for the purposes of accounting and tax accounting. As a result, the 1C program fixed the following elements of the accounting policy:
- The actual cost of incoming materials is formed on account 10. The sub-account is determined by the type of incoming materials. Construction Materials predominantly reflected in sub-account 10.08 of account 10 “Materials”;
- Valuation of a unit of materials upon disposal is carried out using the average cost method;
- The enterprise is a small business entity and does not apply the provisions of PBU18/02 in case of differences in accounting and tax accounting data.
Example solution.
1. The procedure for receipt, write-off of materials.
As a result of entering data from primary documents on receipt (invoice from the supplier) and disposal (requirement-invoice), the 1C accounting program, based on the settings of the elements of the company's accounting policy, generated accounting entries (postings). The accountant must analyze the postings for the correct indication of the code of materials, the warehouse through which the movement of materials passed, balance sheets.
After checking, the accountant makes a request to the 1C program to generate a balance sheet for subaccount 10.08 "Building materials" of the synthetic account "Materials". SALT is formed automatically, on the basis of primary documents entered into the accounting program.
The result is presented in the table. The information in the table is given as a whole for sub-account 10.08 and for the positions of each analytical component:
2. Reflection in the WWS of the movement of materials on sub-account 10.08 of account 10.
Coming. Columns 5 and 6 of the SALT table reflect the receipt of materials for the month in quantitative and cost terms, respectively.
From the table we conclude that in December 2016 the company purchased 100 kg of white enamel and 30 kg of primer, there was no arrival of yellow enamel.
The valuation of the materials received is reflected in column 6. This shows the cost at which the materials were received from the supplier.
The amount of turnover on the debit of the sub-account on August 10, that is, the sum of all debit receipts, amounted to 23,000 rubles, which, translated into professional accounting language, means: the debit turnover of the sub-account on August 10 amounted to 23,000 rubles in December 2016.
Consumption. Columns 7 and 8 of the SALT table reflect the consumption of materials per month, also in quantitative and cost terms, respectively. From the table we conclude that in December 2016 the company used 60 kg of white enamel and 5 kg of yellow enamel for repairs. The accountant entered these quantitative indicators into the information base from the document “Invoice-requirement”.
And where did such figures for the cost in column 8 come from? The fact is that in column 8 of the SALT, the valuation of the retiring positions of materials is determined according to the calculation that is included in the Accounting Policy. According to the terms of the task, the assessment of a unit of materials upon disposal is carried out using the average cost method. We check. Is it so:
- For the position "white enamel" - line 1, column 8. The cost of 60 kg of spent white enamel will be: ((20000 + 4120) / (20 + 100)) x60 \u003d 12,060 rubles. Yes, it was this figure that the 1C program set;
- For the position “yellow enamel” - line 2, column 8. The calculation of the cost of 5 kg of yellow enamel leaving the warehouse was carried out similarly. Since there was no arrival, the cost of 5 kg of yellow enamel leaving: 2000/10 * 5 = 1,000 rubles. Yes, it was this figure that the 1C program set.
- According to the “primer” position, we see that there was no consumption.
As a result, the total turnover on the loan of subaccount 10.08, that is, the sum of all expenses on the loan amounted to 13,060 rubles, which, translated into professional accounting language, means: the credit turnover of subaccount 10.08 amounted to 13,060 rubles in December 2016.
Sub-account balances. OSV also formed the balances for each acquired item both at the beginning of the period of interest and at the end.
So, the balance (balance) at the end of December 2016 for all positions in the amount amounted to 20,820 rubles. This means that at the end of December 2016 the company has stocks of building materials in the amount of 20,820 rubles.
Since, according to the conditions of the problem, there is only one warehouse, then there will be no consolidated WWS. It is in this amount that the category of goods and materials "Materials" will be reflected in the asset balance as part of working capital at the end of 2016, since there were no other sub-accounts under the terms of the example.
Schematically, the current work of an accountant in the inventory area can be represented as follows:
Permissible simplifications in accounting for purchased materials
Consider the accounting innovations for small and non-profit organizations, effective from 06/20/2016. Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated May 16, 2016 No. N64n (enters into force on 06/20/2016), amendments were made to PBU 5/01, 6/01, 14/2007, 17/02. The changes expand the range of simplified accounting methods for small businesses and non-profit organizations (NPOs) eligible for simplified accounting and reporting methods.
What are the criteria for small businesses?
Summarizing information on several federal laws in relation to small enterprises, we obtain information on the size of a business that can be classified as small. Here is that table:
The circle is reduced for organizations subject to audit. This limiting factor must be taken into account. In addition, organizations are excluded in which there is mainly intellectual work and, as a result, there is a large consumption of paper and office equipment. Exceptions are housing cooperatives and the like, where there are traditionally many deviations from the accounting rules.
The status of a small business entity is not assigned. It is formed by the Federal Tax Service independently on the basis of reporting and information from other authorized bodies. A unified register of small and medium-sized businesses will be created based on data on income and the average number of employees of companies and individual entrepreneurs.
Here are the amendments that affect the accounting procedure for materials:
- PBU 5/01 "Accounting for inventories" - clause 13.1, clause 13.2, clause 13.3, clause 25;
- PBU 6/01 "Accounting for fixed assets" - clause 8.1, clause 19.
As a result of the amendments, the accounting methodology for small businesses and NPOs is changed.
That is why it is said about "assumptions". The fact is that PBU 1/98 "Accounting Policy of Organizations" divides the main methodological provisions into assumptions and requirements. The word “assumptions” means “consider it possible”, that is, the amendments listed above are forced permissions given by the Ministry of Finance to deviate from the methodology for small businesses and NGOs as a preference for their development.
Therefore, after June 20, 2016 all organizations in their accounting for the category "Materials" continue to follow the requirements of the provisions of PBU 5/01 and PBU 6/01, and small ones may deviate from the generally accepted methodology if they are issued through the Accounting Policy.
Now allowed:
- Valuation of purchased inventories at the supplier's price;
- Simplified write-off of inventory for management needs;
- Separate norm provided for micro-enterprises. Micro-enterprises may recognize the costs of production and preparation for the sale of products and goods as expenses for ordinary activities immediately in full as they are acquired.
- One-time write-off of the cost of production and household inventory;
- Assessment of the initial cost of fixed assets only at the price of the supplier and installation costs. Other acquisition costs are expensed;
- Do not form a reserve for the decrease in the value of material assets.
In the language of specialists, this approach to accounting is called “Now we will more often recognize expenses than form assets.” For a novice accountant, all of the above points mean that when materials are received from suppliers, it is not necessary to post Dt 10 Kt 60, which essentially means the arrival of materials to the warehouse, and then, when leaving the warehouse, do posting Dt 26 (44,20,23) Kt 10. Now it is allowed, bypassing account 10, that is, bypassing the warehouse, to immediately show consumption (use).
Let us show in the diagram the traditional accounting of the initial cost of purchased materials and the new accounting, which can be used everywhere by small businesses and NGOs:
Pay attention! Tax accounting for materials and fixed assets has not changed.
As a result, those enterprises that keep tax records according to common system taxation, there will be differences in accounting and tax accounting, which must be documented by postings in accordance with the requirements of PBU 18/02.
Therefore, it is imperative that in the accounting policy it is necessary to declare the legislative possibility given, again, to small businesses, not to apply the provisions of PBU 18/02. The wording in the accounting policy may be as follows: "The provisions of PBU18/02 for tax purposes are not applied."
Restrictions on the application of innovations in accounting
It is extremely important that you can use the methods described in the following examples only in two cases:
- The nature of the organization's activities does not imply the presence of significant inventory balances. To do this, you can set the materiality level for this case in the Accounting policy.
- If the acquired inventory is intended for management needs.
In addition, all of these new regulatory assumptions in determining the cost of materials for small businesses and non-profit organizations cannot be applied by default. All innovations are permissive. Therefore, in order to switch to a simplified methodology for accounting for materials, it is necessary to draw up an order on the changes made to the Accounting Policy for accounting purposes and prescribe a new method for determining the cost.
The procedure for the transition to a new accounting methodology
Let us consider the obligation to make changes to the accounting policy of small businesses and NPOs when deciding to switch to a new accounting methodology.
The amendments to accounting standards PBU 5/01, 6/01, 14/2007, 17/02 come into force on 06/20/2016. An organization can switch to simplified accounting from any date, for example, from 07/01/2016. or from 01.01.2017 The enterprise can use only part of the innovations.
Here is a fragment of the order to amend the Accounting Policy for the purposes of accounting for a certain organization, a small business entity:
Practice of work on the new methodology
Let's consider the accounting procedure after changes in the accounting policy of small enterprises and NPOs using examples with postings.
Example 1 Valuation of purchased inventories at the supplier's price.
Suppose the Clearing Company purchased 10 snow shovels at a price of 1,400 rubles. and 10 pieces of brooms at a price of 430 rubles. and ordered delivery. Delivery cost 4 000 rub. Let's agree for the sake of simplicity of the example that everything was purchased without VAT. The company is classified as a small company, the taxation regime is OSNO. There is a clause in the accounting policy that the actual cost of the inventory is reflected according to the method through account 10 “Materials”. Supplier invoices are paid on the day of delivery. Changes to the accounting policy were made from 01.07.2016.
Let's make postings before the changes in PBU 5/01 and after:
Here is an explanation of the entries made before the changes were made to the Accounting Policy:
- According to postings No. 8, No. 7. Materials are given to production for use. According to the accounting policy of this enterprise, the accumulation of costs occurs on account 20;
- According to postings No. 1, No. 2. For a clearing company, the cleaning process is the backbone of the production process. Therefore, the cost of purchased goods and materials is referred to subaccount 10.01;
- By wiring No. 3, No. 4. Prior to the innovation, delivery costs are distributed in proportion to the cost of items. For shovels: 14,000/18,300x4,000=3,060 rubles; for brooms, delivery will be 4,300/18,300x4,000=940 rubles.
Here is an explanation of the entries made after the changes to the Accounting Policy:
- According to line #3. TZR are not distributed between units of the nomenclature in proportion to their cost. But this only applies to small businesses. All other enterprises must take into account the price and other related costs as part of the actual cost of the acquired inventory.
Example 2 Simplified write-off of inventory for management needs.
Oblako LLC (a small business) purchased from a supplier 5 boxes of printing paper for a total cost of 3,000 rubles. excluding VAT (for ease of posting), 5 packs of pens with a total value of 400 rubles. and 2 hole punchers with a total cost of 300 rubles. Suppose that there were no other receipts from the office direction. Purchased goods and materials in the amount of 2 boxes of paper and 2 hole punches were given for use in structural subdivision- accounting. The supplier's invoice has been paid. The day of delivery and payment passed simultaneously. OSNO tax regime. According to the accounting policy of the company, the formation of the actual cost of the inventory takes place on account 10, office household supplies are reflected on sub-account 10.9. Changes to the accounting policy were made on 01.07.2016.
Small businesses are now free to include such costs as part of the costs of ordinary activities in full as inventory is acquired. Thus, it will greatly simplify the accounting of stationery.
Let's make postings before the changes in PBU 5/01 and after for the reporting month:
Explanations for entries made prior to changes to the Accounting Policy:
- To wiring No. 2, No. 3, No. 4. Acquired inventory and materials for office purposes according to the accounting policy of the company are taken into account on sub-account 10.09 “Inventory and household supplies”. On this account, the company records office and household items that are not directly used in the production process.
- To wiring number 5. Inventories and materials were transferred for consumption and use for management purposes, but the fact of use must be documented. To do this, an expense report is drawn up, according to which used goods and materials are written off. The act is drawn up in the unit to which these materials were issued. The form of the act is developed by the company independently, or you can use a unified document in the form of M-11. But the form of the act must also be fixed in the Accounting Policy. To automate the procedure for writing off used goods and materials, you can draw up a form for external processing of the act by programming tools and use it in the 1C program through the mechanism of additional processing. Usually, an accountant forms acts on the use of stationery every ten days.
- To wiring number 6. According to the company's accounting policy, general business expenses are included in the cost of production using the direct costing method, that is, they are accumulated on a separate sub-account 90.08 "Administrative expenses".
Explanations for entries made after changes to the Accounting Policy.
- To wiring #2. Now, the regulatory assumptions under RAS 5/01 allow the entire amount of goods and materials to be attributed immediately to costs on the day of purchase. Then they are included in the expenses for ordinary activities according to the method determined in the Accounting policy, in this case, the direct costing method.
Of course, it is necessary to remember about the preparation of write-off acts as a result of the actual use of inventory for management needs.
Example 3 Estimation of the initial cost of fixed assets only at the price of the supplier and installation costs
Let's see what the accountant should do if after 06/20/2016. the organization will make the above changes to its accounting policy and will evaluate the acquired inventory only at the price of the supplier, and the low-value fixed assets purchased for a fee (less than 40,000 rubles) only at the price of the supplier and installation costs without including additional costs. We will draw up accounting entries using the example of low-value equipment that falls into the category of household inventory. Let's see what postings will be in accounting and tax accounting.
Please note that the formed initial cost of low-value equipment according to tax and accounting data will be different.
For example, the organization Orion LLC, a small business entity, applies OSNO, is engaged in the production of windows, and is a VAT payer. 27.08.2016 a machine was purchased for 42,834 rubles, incl. VAT 18% - 6,534 rubles. The supplier's invoice is available. The cost of delivery of the machine was 5,000 rubles. without VAT. The cost of consulting services for setting up the machine is 8,000 rubles. 28.08.2016 the machine is put into operation (information on payment is not given to focus on the main thing).
Additional Information. In accordance with Accounting policy organizations:
- The value limit of fixed assets for accounting purposes is 40,000 rubles. Objects costing below this amount are recognized as inventory.
- The organization uses the right to simplify accounting for fixed assets - the initial cost of fixed assets when they are purchased is formed only at the price of the supplier and installation costs. Additional expenses are included in expenses for ordinary activities in the period in which they were incurred (clause 8.1 PBU 6/01).
- The organization uses the right to simplify accounting for inventory. The initial cost of purchased inventories includes only the price of the supplier. Other costs directly related to the acquisition are included in the cost of ordinary activities in the full amount in the period in which they were incurred (clause 13.1 PBU 5/01).
- It does not apply the provisions of PBU 18/02, does not draw up accounting entries for the amount of differences between tax and accounting accounting.
- General business expenses recorded on account 26 are written off monthly to account 90.08 using the direct costing method.
Solution. In this example, I would like to emphasize that the postings are made taking into account the provisions of the accounting policy. To transfer this example to real life one-on-one, take care of the above items in the accounting policy. If you do not use the preferences given to small businesses in terms of fixed assets and inventories, then the postings will be different.
So, let's form the accounting entries for the simplified accounting of low-value equipment:
Explanations for entries made after changes were made to the Accounting Policy.
To wiring #1. Accounting. Guided by the new rules of approach to the formation of the initial cost of purchased equipment, fixed in the accounting policy, we will separate the cost of the machine at the price of the supplier and additional costs.
The cost of the machine will be 36,300 rubles. Since the cost of the object does not exceed the limit of 40,000 rubles established in the accounting policy, we make a decision based on the norms of PBU 6/01 and reflect the machine in the accounting as part of the inventory, having taken account 10 “Materials” under subaccount 10.09.
To wiring #1. Tax accounting. In tax accounting under OSNO, the value of property is formed taking into account all costs. In our example, having previously added all the components, we understand that the cost of the purchased equipment will be 49,300 rubles, VAT is not included. In tax accounting, the threshold for depreciable equipment is 100 thousand rubles. (Clause 1, Article 256 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). That is, this machine cannot be recognized as a fixed asset and the cost at the price of the supplier will also be attributed to subaccount 10.09 of account 10 “Materials”.
To wiring #2. Accounting. Since the organization is in the general taxation regime, the VAT presented on the invoice and allocated in the invoice is credited to the accounting account on 19.03.
To wiring #2. Tax accounting. The VAT presented on the invoice falls into the tax register "VAT submitted". After all the conditions for the deduction (reduction of obligations to the budget in terms of VAT) are met, VAT will be removed from the account on account 19.03 and attributed to Dt 68.02. The VAT amount will then be included in the Purchase Book, and then in the VAT Declaration in terms of the deduction.
To wiring #3. Accounting. We have the right to make a VAT entry Dt 68.2 Kt 19.03, if the criteria set forth in Article 172 of the Tax Code are met:
- The acquired values are necessary for the implementation of production activities subject to VAT (specified in the conditions of the example);
- Accepted values are accepted for accounting on the balance sheet account;
- The organization has a supplier invoice with a dedicated VAT line and is properly formatted.
To postings No. 4 and 5. Accounting. For accounting purposes, the costs are immediately included in the expenses of the current period. Shipping and consulting costs will be included in the cost of ordinary activities in full.
To postings No. 4 and 5. Tax accounting. The cost of the property is formed taking into account all the costs associated with the acquisition of this object. Thus, for the purposes of tax accounting (by condition we have a general taxation regime), costs are included in the cost of equipment. In this case, we attribute it to the account of 10.09, as if specifying the cost of the object. As a result of all costs charged to account 10.09, the cost of the machine in the tax accounting information base will be 49,300 rubles.
To wiring number 6. Accounting. The cost of the machine included in the inventory will be written off at the time of its commissioning. The costs are now taken into account on account 26 (links are given in the table).
To wiring number 6. Tax accounting. According to clause 1 of article 256 of the Tax Code, the machine cannot be recognized as depreciable property (the limit in value for inclusion in the fixed assets is 100 thousand rubles), so its cost can be included in material costs after commissioning in full.
To wiring no. 7. Accounting. The machine was deregistered within the framework of the existing rules and transferred to a financially responsible person, but it is actually used, operated, and in order to ensure further control over its fate, it is advisable to take the machine into account on the off-balance account MC 04 “Inventory and household supplies in operation”. The write-off of the machine from this off-balance account will occur upon disposal, that is, when it will no longer be used.
To wiring number 8. At the end of the month, account 26 is closed. It closes in accordance with the method specified in the accounting policy. In the example, the method is indicated. The costs are included in the expenses in the full amount both in accounting and in tax accounting, as they are documented and the machine was purchased for use for production purposes.
This section does not consider the disadvantages of the new methodology, but they are.
Summing up
In this article, the main requirements of the legislation on accounting for business transactions on account 10 "Materials" and the algorithm of the accountant's actions in the most common business situations were studied. The acquired knowledge will allow you not to make annoying mistakes that lead to additional taxes.
The information obtained in this article, adapted to specific business situations within a particular company, will form the basis for understanding the specifics of working with account 10 “Materials”. You will be competent in matters of accounting materials (from Latin competere - to comply, to fit - a range of issues in which you are well aware). We wish you good luck!
Account 10 "Materials" is designed to account for the inventory of the enterprise (raw materials, fuel, spare parts, etc.).
The account is active, synthetic, has several sub-accounts. You can read about what accounts are. In the context of the account, you can keep analytical records by types of material and production values.
To account 10 “Materials” sub-accounts can be opened:
- 10-1 “Raw materials and materials”;
- 10-2 “Purchased semi-finished products and components, structures and parts”;
- 10-3 “Fuel”;
- 10-4 “Containers and packaging materials”;
- 10-5 “Spare parts”;
- 10-9 "Inventory and household supplies";
- and others.
On the Debit of account 10 any receipts of materials are reflected, on the Credit they are written off (disposal).
The balance of account 10 "Materials" can only be debit, since the account is active!
I propose to consider the main typical postings on account 10.
- Materials received from supplier D-10 K-60/76
- Reflected VAT on received materials D-10 K-60/76.
- Materials were received from the accountable person D-10 K-71.
- The materials brought in as a contribution to the authorized capital of D-10 K-75 were capitalized.
- During the inventory, unaccounted materials D-10 K-91 were identified
- Capitalized materials received as a result of the liquidation of the fixed asset D-10 K-91
- Received materials donated by another organization D-10 K-98.
- Materials written off for non-production needs (improvement of working conditions) - D-91 K-10.
- Returned materials from the production of D-10 K-20.
- Written off materials for the construction of fixed assets D-08 K-10.
- Materials for the main production of D-20 K-10 were decommissioned.
- Materials for auxiliary production of D-23 K-10 were written off.
- The cost of materials is included in the cost of selling D-44 K-10.
- Written off the cost of materials affected by emergency situations(fire) - D-99 K-10.
The enterprise has the right to write off materials for production by the following valuation methods:
- at the cost of each unit;
- (FIFO method);
- at the cost of the most recent purchases (the LIFO method has not been applied since 2008).
The method must be selected and specified in the accounting policy.
Let's solve a small problem to fix the topic:
The furniture manufacturing plant purchased boards in the amount of 7 pieces at a price of 100 rubles per m, excluding VAT. Accrued for the delivery of boards 150 rubles, excluding VAT. From the current account it was paid for materials and delivery. 3 boards were written off for the production of the cabinet at an average cost.
Make wiring.
Solution:
- Let's calculate VAT on boards = 700 * 0.18 = 126 rubles.
- Calculate VAT on transport costs = 150 * 0.18 = 27 rubles.
- Transport costs are evenly distributed on the boards.
- We calculate the amount of decommissioned boards using the average cost method: 850/7 * 3 = 364.29 rubles.
Let's make the wiring:
- Received materials from the supplier D-10 K-60 - 700 rubles.
- Reflected VAT on purchased materials D-19 K-60 - 126 rubles.
- Reflected transportation costs - D-10 K-60 - 150 rubles.
- Reflected VAT on transport costs - D-19 K-60 - 27 rubles.
- Materials D-20 K-10 written off for production - 364.29 rubles.
Other inventories -what applies to them? In accounting, depending on the type, characteristics, areas of application in the activity, materials are classified into different groups. What materials have the qualities of other materials?
Other inventories - what they include
As a rule, the activity of the organization involves the use different materials. Their diversity directly depends on the type of economic activity of the organization. The main role among inventories belongs to such stocks as raw materials and basic materials, components, fuel and spare parts, inventory, household supplies and others. In addition to these most important, basic materials, there are such inventories as others. What are the hallmarks of other inventories - what applies to them?
In the process of production or performance of work, provision of services, inventories may appear that are later unsuitable for use in the main production, have lost their original qualities, but, nevertheless, are of value, have a cost and can bring income to the organization. These are such inventories as scrap metal, trimmings or stumps of materials, shavings, irreparable marriage; parts obtained during the dismantling of fixed assets; worn tires, etc. They are other materials. The exception is other materials used in the future as fuel - they must be taken into account as fuel.
According to PBU5 / 01 "Accounting for inventories", approved. order of the Ministry of Finance Russian Federation dated 09.06.2001 No. 44n, assets are recognized as assets used as raw materials or materials in the production of products, performance of work, provision of services, for the purposes of management needs or for sale. Other materials can once again serve the organization in the course of its activities, but not in the original, but in a different capacity. For example, scrap metal can be sold, some parts of scrap metal can be successfully used in the repair of buildings, structures, equipment, etc. This means that inventory accounting standards can be applied to account for them.
Reflection of other materials in accounting
In the Chart of Accounts for accounting of the financial and economic activities of organizations and instructions for its use, approved by order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n, a synthetic account of the same name 10 "Materials" of the same name is allocated for accounting materials. On account 10, information is collected on the presence, movement of material assets. To account 10 The chart of accounts involves the use of sub-accounts from the 1st to the 11th. Of these, account 10 with sub-account 6 (10-6) "Other materials" is provided for accounting for other materials.
Other materials are accounted for at the price of possible use or at the market price. Other inventories received upon disposal of an item of fixed assets must be capitalized at market value. The accounting entry will look like this:
Dt 10-6 Kt 91-1 - other material released during the dismantling of the fixed asset was capitalized.
The sale of other materials in accounting is reflected in the same way as the sale of materials:
Dt 62 Kt 91-1 - proceeds from the sale of other material to the buyer;
Dt 91-2 Kt 10-6 - write-off of the cost of other material.
In the production of products, marriage occurs, it can also be attributed to other materials. If defective products cannot be corrected, then they may later be suitable for internal use as material or for sale. In this case, the defective product must first be recorded as other material. accounting entry will look like this:
Dt 10-6 (43) Kt 28 - posting of defective products.
The posting of waste after the liquidation of an irreparable marriage is similarly reflected.
Returnable production waste as other inventories
In different industries, there are different recyclable waste products that an organization can use for its own production needs or sell. And those production wastes that cannot be used in the future, and also do not have a buyer due to lost technological properties, are called irretrievable waste. For example, the following returnable waste occurs:
- in oil refineries - slag, exhaust gases, bitumen and coke waste, tar;
- in mechanical engineering - metal shavings, stumps and scraps of metal;
- in the oil and fat industry - husks, oilseed husks, cake, pulp;
- in the dairy, butter and cheese industry - skimmed milk, buttermilk, whey;
- in the bakery industry - slices of bread when it is cut into crackers, a product returned from the laboratory after the analysis;
- in the clothing industry - flaps, fabric scraps, etc.
The posting of returnable waste is documented by filling out an invoice for internal movement and is reflected in the accounting by posting:
Dt 10-6 Kt 20 - returned waste from the main production was received at the warehouse.
If the received returnable waste immediately arrives at the warehouse of another division of the organization as a full-fledged material, then they should be reflected in the accounting on the corresponding sub-account. For example, if the waste of one production is a raw material for another production, then it is taken into account on account 10-1.
The value of waste is determined by the organization either at the price of possible use or at the sale price.
Results
We have decided on other inventories - what applies to them. These are those material values that cannot be used as raw materials, materials, fuel, spare parts in the organization, but have their own value.
Materials are a type of stock of an organization, which include raw materials, basic and auxiliary materials, purchased semi-finished products and components, fuel, packaging, spare parts, construction and other materials (clause 42 of the Order of the Ministry of Finance of December 28, 2001 No. 119n). To account for them, the Chart of Accounts and the Instructions for its use provide for an active account 10 “Materials” (Order of the Ministry of Finance dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n).
Sub-accounts 10 accounts
The chart of accounts for account 10 provides for the opening, in particular, of the following sub-accounts:
Sub-account to account 10 | What counts |
---|---|
10-1 "Raw materials and materials | - raw materials and basic materials (including construction materials - from contractors) that are part of the manufactured products, forming its basis, or being necessary components in its manufacture; - auxiliary materials that are involved in the production of products or are consumed for economic needs, technical purposes, assistance to the production process; - agricultural products prepared for processing, etc. |
10-2 "Purchased semi-finished products and components, structures and parts" | Purchased semi-finished products, finished components (including building structures and parts - from contractors), purchased for the acquisition of manufactured products (construction), which require costs for their processing or assembly |
10-3 "Fuel" | - petroleum products (oil, diesel fuel, kerosene, gasoline, etc.) and lubricants intended for the operation of vehicles, technological needs of production, energy generation and heating; - solid (coal, peat, firewood, etc.) and gaseous fuels |
10-4 "Containers and packaging materials" | All types of containers (except for those used as household equipment), as well as materials and parts intended for the manufacture of containers and their repair (parts for assembling boxes, barrel staves, hoop iron, etc.) At the same time, trade organizations take into account containers for goods and empty containers on account 41 "Goods" |
10-5 "Spare parts" | Spare parts purchased or manufactured for the needs of the main activity, intended for repair, replacement of worn parts of machines, equipment, vehicles, etc., as well as car tires in stock and in circulation. At the same time, car tires (tire, tube and rim tape) that are on wheels and in stock with the vehicle, included in its initial cost, are accounted for on account 01 "Fixed assets" |
10-6 "Other materials" | - production waste (stumps, cuttings, shavings, etc.); - irreparable marriage; - material values received from the disposal of fixed assets that cannot be used as materials, fuel or spare parts in this organization (scrap metal, salvage); - worn tires and scrap rubber, etc. |
10-7 "Materials transferred for processing to the side" | Materials transferred for processing to a third party, the cost of which is subsequently included in the costs of manufacturing the products obtained from them |
10-8 "Building materials" | Materials used directly in the process of construction and installation works, for the manufacture of building parts, for the erection and finishing of structures and parts of buildings and structures, building structures and parts, as well as other material assets necessary for the needs of construction (sub-account is used by developers) |
10-9 "Inventory and household supplies" | Inventory, tools, household supplies and other means of labor, which are included in the funds in circulation |
10-10 "Special equipment and special clothing in stock" | Special tools, special fixtures, special equipment and special clothing in storage |
10-11 "Special equipment and special clothing in operation" | Special tools, special devices, special equipment and special clothing for operation (in the production of products, performance of work, provision of services, for the management needs of the organization) |
The receipt of materials is reflected in the debit of account 10, and the disposal of the loan. At the same time, account 10 corresponds with different accounts depending on the source of receipt or direction of disposal of materials.
Typical accounting entries for account 10
Here are some typical accounting entries using account 10 in the table:
Operation | Account debit | Account credit |
---|---|---|
The receipt of materials is reflected (if account 15 “Procurement and acquisition of material assets” is used) | 10 | 15 |
Reflected the release of materials from the main production | 20 "Main production" | |
Reflected the manufacture of materials by auxiliary production | 23 "Auxiliary production" | |
Received materials from the supplier | 60 "Settlements with suppliers and contractors" | |
Reflected the acquisition of materials through an accountable person | 71 "Settlements with accountable persons" | |
Materials received as a contribution to the authorized capital | 75 "Settlements with the founders" | |
Reflected the surplus of materials based on the results of the inventory | 91 "Other income and expenses" | |
Written off materials for the construction of fixed assets | 08 "Investments in non-current assets" | 10 |
Transferred materials to the main production | 20 | |
Allocated materials for general business needs | 26 "General expenses" | |
Written off materials for the correction of defects in production | 28 "Marriage in production" | |
Reflected the write-off of materials in the trade organization | 44 Selling costs | |
Written off the cost of goods sold | 91 | |
Shortage of materials detected as a result of inventory | 94 "Shortages and losses from damage to valuables" |