Business for growing vegetables in a greenhouse all year round. Growing vegetables as a business Growing vegetables as a business
Opening your own food production business is always profitable if its owner can justify the inexhaustible interest of consumers. Growing vegetables as a business, however, has a number of features, since it is associated with such a concept as damage to goods, which is simply impossible to avoid if the products were not sold on time. How not to burn out in the field of vegetable growing, we will try to figure it out.
Features of this direction
When starting the production of various crops, you should always remember some rules, the non-observance of which leads to a decrease in sales. These include the timing of sowing, and knowledge of the principles of agriculture in general, and the peculiarities of the temperature regime in your region.
Vegetable growing has several features that may be useful in the business planning process:
- selling vegetables wholesale and retail always brings a quick profit, makes it possible to sell goods in large quantities, but at the same time requires transport and time costs;
- one of the ways to sell products is to sell to visiting wholesalers, which is a very convenient, but less profitable option, since in this case self-delivery is provided, which significantly reduces the price of vegetables;
- You can also offer the harvested crop to restaurants, cafes, sanatoriums, but do not forget that the requirements for its quality will be completely different than if you were selling products on the market;
- you can also grow vegetables on an individual order, but then we will talk about environmentally friendly production technologies;
- this direction does not require large financial investments, but it is necessary to engage in it only when there is interest and certain knowledge in agriculture.
Do not forget that vegetables are much cheaper in summer than in winter, and therefore the main profit can be expected with the onset of autumn and before the new harvest.
Choose a site
If you don’t know where to start a vegetable business, start it by choosing a land plot. This step is the key to the whole process. This is due to the fact that the quantity and quality of the crop will depend on the fertility of the soil.
Finding a suitable allotment in rural areas will not be difficult, the main thing is to coordinate all issues with local authorities.
The whole process of planning this type of business can be divided into three stages:
- The choice of land for the implementation of activities.
- The choice of vegetable crops with which to work.
- The choice of varieties of these vegetable crops.
Having decided on a specific direction, it is necessary to familiarize yourself well with the conditions for growing vegetables, with the type of soil that is suitable for their normal growth, with the conditions of feeding, care, susceptibility to diseases and pests.
It would be nice if you bought a small house along with the plot, since the vegetable growing season lasts from April to October. The question of how you get to your vegetable farm should not be too acute.
Greenhouse business
It should immediately be noted that there can be two ways to grow vegetables:
- On open ground.
- In a greenhouse.
Each of them certainly has its own advantages and disadvantages. But if you are planning to implement growing vegetables all year round as a business, then you should think about greenhouse production.
Do not forget that the production of vegetables on an industrial scale will require the mandatory registration of your enterprise. You can choose from sole proprietorship or LLC. In order to make it possible to realize the result of your work, you will need to obtain a quality certificate issued by the sanitary and epidemiological service.
What you need to remember in order for the greenhouse business to generate income?
Therefore, if you have only one greenhouse, the maximum that you can afford is 2-3 varieties of crops.
Preference can be given to the following groups of vegetables:
We must not forget about the storage conditions of the harvested crop. This is especially true for those crops that you plan to sell during the cold seasons.
Profitability
In order to achieve the goal, in no case should one neglect preliminary calculations, especially when it comes to the production of something.
Vegetable business expenses should include the following items:
- seed or planting material;
- plant protection products;
- rent of a greenhouse or land plot, its arrangement;
- purchase and maintenance of transport and various mechanisms for agricultural work;
- employees' salaries;
- utilities.
It should be noted that the profitability of this direction is very high, and for some types of vegetables it can reach 300% (potatoes). The payback of vegetable growing usually comes in 9-10 months after the start of work.
What is the difficulty
The business of growing vegetables has many nuances that not every novice vegetable grower knows about. The main pitfalls include:
It would be useful to think about hiring workers who will serve your site. These should be people who have already encountered agricultural work, like to work with their hands and spend time among plants. Don't rely solely on own forces. This will lead to the fact that you simply do not have time to harvest in time and sell it in the proper form.
Growing vegetables in modern greenhouses: Video
Does growing vegetables in a greenhouse make sense as a business? Private enterprise attracts people with the prospect of large incomes and at the same time independence. It is quite possible to earn money by devoting yourself to growing vegetables. And you can even make very good money. Especially for those who love and know how to work in the garden and are not afraid of physical labor. After all, people need vegetables all year round. In addition, growing vegetables as a business does not require large investments. You can start with relatively little savings.
Step by Step Plan to Start a Greenhouse Vegetable Growing Business
You will need to register your activity legally. You can register as an individual entrepreneur or a legal entity. You will need to obtain a quality certificate from the sanitary and epidemiological service, which you will need when it comes time to sell your goods. In winter, vegetables are more expensive than in summer, so growing vegetables in a greenhouse as a business is a promising business.
We draw up a business plan
Any undertaking should be planned, so draw up a greenhouse business plan. When compiling a greenhouse business plan, consider the following points:
- Which vegetables will be the source of your income. Keep in mind that it is better to grow the most sought-after vegetables: tomato, bell pepper, greens, radish.
- Business scale. If you opted for a greenhouse, it would be right to issue a long-term lease. Away from the city, in the countryside, it will not be difficult to find inexpensive land.
Choosing a site for a greenhouse
The nature of the land plays a big role. The choice of a suitable site should be approached very carefully. You need:
- Find a plot of land with good soil and climatic conditions favorable for growing vegetables.
- Determine which crops grow well in the area.
- Select the most suitable varieties of selected crops.
When choosing a site, consider the pitfalls that exist in this business. It is important to have reliable information about the quality of the land on which you will work. It happens that a producer, intending to conscientiously follow all the rules for growing high-quality vegetables, has no idea that he is growing his crop on land that does not meet environmental standards, as a result of which his products abound in nitrates. You may have difficulty selling such a product, you will not be able to obtain the appropriate certificate and sell the product at a good price to a large wholesaler.
How much money do you need to start a business?
You need to purchase and set up the following components for this business activity:
- Seedlings, seeds, mineral and organic additives to improve the growth and high yield of your vegetables, as well as chemical pest control.
- Conduct water for irrigation, lighting, ensure the desired air temperature in the greenhouse using heaters.
- You will also have vehicle rental costs when delivering vegetables to outlets. The success of your production will largely depend on the distribution channel, so you should think about this issue even in the early stages of your undertaking.
- Do you need to hire workers for harvest time? Harvest must be harvested immediately, and you will not be able to harvest a large harvest quickly on your own. As a rule, workers are paid every day, and the amount of payment depends on the collected kilograms.
Technology of growing vegetables in a greenhouse
Carefully study the basics of vegetable growing, recommendations for growing from seed sellers. You must carry out competent care of plants in a timely manner at all stages of cultivation, and it will be simply impossible to get a rich harvest without chemical treatment and top dressing. And your undertakings will not be able to please you with success.
It is advisable to know the timing of the ripening of your chosen crops, so you can grow two crops. For example, you plant radishes first. If the temperature in the greenhouse is chosen correctly, you will harvest in forty days. After the radish, it will be possible to plant tomatoes or eggplants. Planting two crops is very effective method earning high incomes.
How to organize the sale of greenhouse vegetables?
You need to think in advance how to market your products, to tie and establish the contacts you need. Sales can be done in three ways:
- Wholesale. Here you need to conclude appropriate supply contracts with large retail outlets (supermarkets). Or deliver their products to restaurants and sanatoriums. The possibility of entering into such contracts will depend on the quality of your products and your ability to ensure smooth delivery. You can try to sell your goods to wholesalers in the market.
- Sell your vegetables straight from the farm. Some people are eager to buy an organic product and are happy to be able to buy products directly from the hands of a gardener. In this case, you will need to place an ad in a newspaper or on the Internet.
- Self sale. Rent a stall in the market, hire a seller.
How much can you earn growing vegetables in a greenhouse?
- Open ground - is estimated by the production of gross output in natural and cash equivalents per 1 hectare of land.
- Protected ground - counting the amount of produced products in kind and cash equivalents per square meter of land, funds spent on purchases and maintenance of the crop per 1 centner of products, profit per 1 square meter of area and 1 frame.
Labor costs, when calculated per 1 hectare, are approximately 500 man-hours, per 1 centner - 4-5 man-hours.
The average payback figure for vegetable growing in greenhouse conditions is 10 months.
The profitability of vegetable growing is considered quite high. In the event that you successfully organize the marketing opportunity and manage to properly care for the grown products, you will definitely receive a good profit as a result of the invested effort and finances. Growing vegetables in a greenhouse means growing vegetables all year round, i.e. uninterrupted production and constant income. According to known data, growing potatoes, for example, pays off in the amount of 300%, which means that growing vegetables as an income is a rewarding and profitable business that is worth doing.
What equipment to choose for growing vegetables in a greenhouse
The success of almost any commercial project in the agricultural industry depends largely on the equipment that you will use to grow vegetables or raise animals. In this case, you can not save on the greenhouse, and the equipment necessary for its maintenance.
To implement a business project for growing vegetables in a greenhouse, you need to purchase:
- plant watering system (or pipes, pump and containers to make it yourself);
- electric heaters;
- ventilation system;
- lighting;
- shovels, hoes, rakes, buckets and other agricultural implements;
- backup generator;
- boxes and racks for growing seedlings;
- container for harvesting;
- container for settling water.
Of course, in each individual case there will be their own additions, it all depends on what crops you will grow, on the scale of the business and other individual factors.
What OKVED for business is indicated in official documents
After changes in the all-Russian classifier of types of activity, growing vegetables fell into the category with OKVED 01.13.1.
What documents are needed to open a company
Pursuing organizational matters greenhouse business, be sure to check that you have all the necessary paperwork to legally grow vegetables. These include:
- a full package of documents for peasant farms, individual entrepreneurs or legal entities. faces;
- lease agreements for a land plot and premises (for a warehouse, for administration);
- employment contracts with employees;
- waybills and certificates for equipment, fertilizers;
- agreements with utilities.
If you plan to cooperate with large wholesale companies, be sure to open a bank account (the certificate must be registered with the Federal Tax Service) and receive certificates for your products.
Which taxation system to choose
Most entrepreneurs who make money growing vegetables in a greenhouse work on the simplified tax system, and the founders of peasant farms work on a single agricultural tax. But there are situations (as a rule, when it comes to business representatives with a large turnover Money), when the entrepreneur is forced to conduct activities on a common basis.
Do you need permission
In order to grow vegetables in a greenhouse, a license is not required, and the list of permits is limited to the documents of the SES and the fire inspectorate.
Our interlocutor is Gafurov Rasul Usmanovich. He works as a surgeon in the district hospital of a small town in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, but at the same time he also manages to conduct own business- Grows vegetables in the fields. How does he do it?
Main points of the interview:
- Type of activity: growing vegetables
- Location of business: Russia, Kabardino-Balkar Republic
- Occupation before starting business: surgeon (business is conducted in parallel with medical activities)
- Organizational and legal form of doing business: individual entrepreneur
- The amount of initial investment: 50 00 rubles.
- Source of initial capital: personal savings, help from relatives
- Payback period: within the first season of operation
- How to start a business: from planting potatoes on one hectare of land
- The first harvest - 18 tons of selected potatoes (3 tons were planted).
- The formula for success: “The most important thing in business is to have a good attitude towards what you do - the result will always be!”
Hello! Tell our readers about what you do?
In general, I am a surgeon by profession, I work in the Prokhladnensky district hospital. But I also have my own business - I grow vegetables in the fields.
How did you get the idea to do business in parallel with the work of a surgeon?
In general, it is quite difficult to combine the main job with running your own business. But when there is not enough money, you have to look for a way out of this situation. That is why I decided to try to open my own business.
This was prompted by communication with a friend who started growing potatoes. According to him, he earned 9 times more than he invested. Planted 500 kg, and collected 5 tons. Such a profit could not leave me indifferent!
Why did you decide to engage in agriculture, and not something closer to medicine? Where did you get your knowledge about growing vegetables?
In our small town, I did not see any prospects for doing something related to medicine. It is too difficult to open a private clinic, there are already many pharmacies.
My father was a veteran of war and labor, and back in Soviet times he was given a plot (1 hectare). There we worked with the whole family, planting vegetables. Therefore, I have known agriculture since childhood, I know and can do a lot.
Now one glance at a potato is enough for me, and I can tell what variety it is and in what region it was grown.
How did you start your business?
I rented 1 hectare of land and planted potatoes. The harvest turned out to be 1 to 6. I planted 3 tons, collected 18 tons. It was very good result! After that, I firmly decided that next year I would continue growing vegetables.
How is your case registered?
How is the land on which you work?
I lease the land.
What taxes do you pay?
Does the main place of work allow you to devote time to business, or do you take time off and leave during the harvest?
In this sense, I was lucky - according to the law, we, surgeons, have a vacation of 45 days. I divide it into two parts - I take 20 days when vegetables are planted (in the spring), and 25 - when the harvest is in progress, in the fall.
Where do you store the harvested crop and how do you sell it? Have you tried to sell your products through online stores?
I don’t store the harvest anywhere, I sell it directly from the field! I sell wholesale, all at once. Of course, I set the price lower, but there is no need to decide where to store it all, how to sell and transport it, and so on. I don’t have a huge shed at home, nor a capacious dry basement. So I sell directly from the field on the same day when we collect.
But it all depends on what you are growing. For example, once I planted beets. It is collected in November-December, and prices were low. I wanted to earn more, and I found a place where it can be stored. She lay perfectly in the basement for several months, and we sold her for good price later.
I didn’t even think about chain stores, since the problem is with the storage location.
Here you have grown products, and before selling it, do you need to certify it or obtain any permits.
We take a certificate from the collective farm from which we rent land. It is needed for carriers who take products from our field. That's what we call it, "travel". I have not heard about the need to certify grown vegetables.
Does the state help you?
They offered me help - to take a loan with a reduced interest rate. But to be honest, I don’t even have time to delve into the terms of this offer - I’ve been in the hospital all week long, and on the field on the weekends. As long as I'm on my own.
How will WTO accession affect your business?
I don't think so. I have a small business, this will only affect large suppliers.
What mistakes can you warn against those who want to start growing vegetables?
Even 20 years ago it was possible to give some advice. Now farming is becoming unprofitable and very difficult, so I don’t even know what advice to give.
One of the main problems we have is the appearance of a large number of pests: potatoes have their own, cabbage has their own ... Before this was not the case. All the time you need to process the plants, otherwise the insects will simply gobble up the entire crop. And all the chemistry that destroys them is very expensive.
Therefore, now I can not give any guarantees to those who want to do this. I can’t give an accurate forecast - you plant so much and you get that much. If you have money - invest, you won't be left in the red, but the amount of profit can fluctuate greatly due to such costs. One year I get 1 to 6, the next - 1 to 4 ...
Are you planning to open a vegetable processing shop? Why?
No. I consider it unprofitable. And in general, this is a completely different direction, it needs to be thoroughly understood. It is necessary to make places for storing vegetables, where humidity, temperature and so on will be observed.
Why do you think some people succeed in doing business, while others do not?
If you are good at what you do, the result will always be! In principle, farming is profitable in any case, you just need to have time, finances and special knowledge. It is necessary to consult with those who understand this.
Personally, I even took the soil from my field to the laboratory for analysis, where they told me what was missing in the soil, what needed to be added. Others do not do this, they believe that they can simply unload a manure truck onto the field and not think about anything else. And here problems can also arise - if you add a lot of it, the field will become overgrown with grass, which will have to be poisoned with expensive reagents ... In short, you need to understand, to competently conduct your business!
Your parting words to our readers who want to start their own business.
Acquire knowledge in the area where you plan to open your own business.
Food production is one of the most promising areas of business. According to economists' forecasts, products in this category will only rise in price. Given this, growing vegetables as a business looks like a rather attractive line of business, unless, of course, you have a soul for tasty, natural and vitamin products, of which you are one hundred percent sure.
Features of the initial stage
An entrepreneur who wants to start a vegetable growing business initially faces three challenges.
After solving these problems, you should familiarize yourself with the basics of vegetable growing. Ignorance of the principles of agriculture and unwillingness to learn new things led to a widespread opinion about the unprofitability of agriculture. For example, being aware of the timing of the ripening of various crops and the temperature conditions of the region, it is possible to grow individual vegetables in a season in two crops. And this, you see, will significantly increase the profitability of the business.
Vegetable growing is a fairly large industry, and mastering its basics can take a lot of time. But some approaches and rules need to be learned already when you decide where to start a vegetable business.
Ways to grow vegetables
There are two main ways to grow vegetables:
- Open ground: beds, fields.
- Closed ground: greenhouse, greenhouse.
To say exactly how it would be better to organize cultivation in relation to various indicators - profitability, simplicity, economy, etc. - it is impossible, since here it is necessary to take into account the climate, and the selected crop variety, and production volumes, and many other criteria.
So, for example, growing vegetables all year round as a business is easiest to organize with the help of a greenhouse, while the production of potatoes for wholesale will be optimal on open ground.
Vegetable growing technologies
Many technologies have been developed for growing vegetables, which take into account the characteristics of not only crops, but also various varieties. The largest number of techniques, for example, is proposed for potato farming.
We list the so-called universal technologies, the use of which is possible when growing any vegetables.
Technology | Short description |
---|---|
Hydroponics | Vegetables are grown without land. |
By Mittlider | It provides for a special procedure for fertilizing the soil with minerals, breaking down the plot, planting vegetables and watering them. |
Combine crops | Several crops are planted together. Here it is important to know the principles of compatibility of various vegetables with each other. |
By John Jevons | Biointensive method: based on the treatment of vegetables planted in the ground with a special solution of microbes |
Estimated costs
The quality of products is the main criterion, which in the field of vegetable growing is characterized by an upward trend: consumers are willing to pay even 25-30% more than the average market price if they are sure that they will buy high-quality vegetables that do not contain substances harmful to the body.
The vegetable growing business is accompanied by costs for:
- seed/planting material;
- fertilizers;
- plant protection products;
- construction, lease of facilities, arrangement, repair;
- purchase and maintenance of mechanisms and vehicles;
- payment utilities etc.
A separate item of expenditure will be the remuneration of employees. Their number is usually determined on the basis of one worker per 200 square meters of land.
How to plan profitability
When determining the cost of production, the amount of expenses for growing vegetables is correlated with the mass of the crop. The economic efficiency of vegetable growing, depending on the chosen way of doing business - in open or closed ground - is calculated in different ways.
On average, the full payback of the vegetable business is achieved after 10-12 months of stable operation of the business. The amount of revenue that can be obtained by growing vegetables for sale is determined by many different factors. But the most important thing in the vegetable business, however, as in any other business, will be a well-thought-out business plan.
Business plan and case design
When drawing up a business plan, you will need to accurately calculate the amount of investment, the payback period of the idea and the level of expected profit. Do not lose sight of the competition in the niche, having analyzed in detail the activities of each competing enterprise. It is important to clearly calculate and plan all the opportunities and their associated costs for each stage.
To conduct a vegetable business, two forms of substantive legal activity are possible: a legal entity or individual entrepreneurship. Documentation business can be done both independently and entrusted to a specialized company. In the second case, you will have to pay about a hundred dollars for the services of a specialist, and these costs should also be included in the business plan.
Sales of products
You can sell vegetables at the same time in several ways:
In Russia today, an innovation is such a vegetable business as the production of products grown according to "clean" technologies: on proven soils, without the use of artificial fertilizers and chemical plant protection products.
A feature of the functioning of such a business is that vegetables are grown by order of buyers. Accordingly, the question of choosing a method of implementation in this case loses its relevance. The attractiveness of such activities is provided by the increased cost of goods - 20-25% higher than the standard one. And, given the almost complete lack of competition, today everyone can become a successful pioneer of such a direction in their region.
Growing vegetables in modern greenhouses: Video
Modern urban residents prefer to relax in their dachas: only a few of them are ready to spend the whole summer in gardens in order to please themselves with fresh cucumbers and tomatoes in the fall. Indeed, it is easier for a working person to buy vegetables, fruits or greens in the nearest supermarket. However, it should be noted that the fashion for healthy eating becomes relevant again, and with it the demand for environmentally friendly domestic products returns.
Any entrepreneur familiar with agriculture can constantly earn money on people's food needs: for this, it is enough for him to draw up and implement a greenhouse business plan for growing vegetables all year round. Such products will definitely have an advantage over imported analogues: the fact is that foreign suppliers, in order to simplify transportation, pick fruits in an unripe state, and then process them with special compounds to ensure safety and increase the shelf life.
Business Features
The implementation of the idea of a greenhouse business first of all requires clarifying market needs and searching for types of vegetables that are underrepresented in the region or are in high demand. For example, in the southern regions, the same cucumbers or tomatoes grow excellently even without greenhouses, and therefore the price for them most remains quite low: in such conditions, the prospect of returning significant investments in the enterprise becomes doubtful. On the other hand, the cold northern climate also makes the process of growing many types of heat-loving crops unprofitable, since the cost of heating a greenhouse complex significantly exceeds the cost of delivering similar products from other regions.To take into account these features and turn the industrial cultivation of vegetables into a profitable business, the entrepreneur needs to do some preparatory work:
- Study the range of competitors. It is hardly expedient to sell products that are over-represented on the market at dumping prices;
- Develop a detailed project. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account all the parameters that affect profit - starting with the consumption of electricity for lighting and ending with the cost of delivering products to customers;
- Build a quality greenhouse. The annual costs associated with replacing a damaged covering material or painting the frame can be quite significant;
- Choose the right culture. When growing vegetables in a greenhouse, it is necessary to select varieties taking into account local climatic features and the timing of the growing season of plants in greenhouses;
- Find suppliers and choose the type of planting material. Seeds are much cheaper than seedlings, but their use complicates the production process and leads to a significant increase in the growing season;
- Select cultivation technology. Growing in beds comes with the need to install soil heating systems, and the taste of hydroponic vegetables is not always to the taste of consumers. For some cultures, a compromise may be the use of multi-tiered shelving;
- Control the composition of the soil. In greenhouses for growing vegetables all year round, the soil is depleted very quickly, and therefore its top layer must be completely replaced at the beginning of each cycle.
When developing a project for an agricultural enterprise, an entrepreneur must first familiarize himself with the main advantages and disadvantages of the greenhouse business in order to draw the right conclusions about the prospects for this type of activity.
The main advantages include the following factors:
- As a business, growing vegetables does not require large plots - for the construction of an industrial greenhouse, an area of 6-10 acres is enough;
- Pouring the foundation and erecting the frame takes only a few days - in fact, after two weeks, the first seedlings can be planted on the beds;
- Despite the high price, a greenhouse for growing vegetables pays off in just one and a half to two years;
- This type of business is directly related to agriculture, which simplifies the procedure for obtaining grants from the state;
- Vegetable crops can be planted in a greenhouse in almost any climate, without fear of frost, showers and other weather disasters.
However, this type of business is characterized not only by positive aspects. When growing vegetables in the winter, it is impossible not to notice that:
- To heat the greenhouse, it is necessary to spend great amount energy;
- The profitability of the enterprise is affected by seasonal fluctuations in market prices;
- An entrepreneur must always have a certain stock of working capital for the purchase of soil, seedlings, fertilizers, fuel;
- There are significant fluctuations in the level of demand on the market - if tomatoes sold well last year, this does not mean that they will be sold out as quickly this season;
- There is always a risk of yield loss due to some farmer error or unforeseen circumstances.
What can be grown?
In Russia, the cultivation of vegetables, if possible, should involve the use of early varieties and hybrids of domestic selection, adapted to local climatic conditions. Such plant species are characterized by high yield, short growing season and the ability to self-pollinate.In addition, novice farmers should remember that the simultaneous cultivation of various vegetables in the same room is not only impractical, but also technically impossible due to large differences in optimal temperature conditions and light levels. Therefore, for each crop it is necessary to allocate its own greenhouse.
What can be planted in the beds:
- Zucchini. This type of vegetable is rarely found indoors, however, farmers who grow zucchini in greenhouses note an increased yield and a special delicate taste of the fruit. With a growing season of 40-60 days per year, you can harvest up to five crops, receiving an average of 12 kg per square meter;
- Eggplant. Extremely demanding to temperature regime and quality of fertilizer crop. However, when growing eggplants in a greenhouse, the plants reach a height of two meters and bear fruit much more intensively. The growing season is up to 120 days: three crops of 10-16 kg per square meter each can be harvested per year;
- Tomatoes. Growing tomatoes - classic look greenhouse business. Indoors, plants begin to bear fruit two weeks earlier and produce 2.5 times more tomatoes than in a regular garden. With a growing season of 120 days per year, three crops are harvested in the amount of 16–20 kg per square meter;
- Cucumbers. Greenhouse structures allow growing cucumbers even in cold regions, including Siberia. Due to the high average cost of fruits, the possibility of obtaining three harvests per year and a productivity of 18-22 kg / m², the crop is considered one of the most promising for farmers;
- Bulgarian pepper. A fairly thermophilic type of vegetable - when growing bell peppers indoors, it is necessary to maintain a temperature of 25–26 ° C. Due to the growing season of 120 days per year, 15-18 kg of fruits are collected three times per square meter of the garden;
- Cauliflower. Despite the fact that this type of vegetable is cold-resistant, long-term exposure low temperatures can kill seedlings. Therefore, greenhouse owners practice growing cauliflower from seedlings, followed by transplanting into open ground. The vegetation period of 110 days allows you to collect three crops per year, but the productivity of the crop is low - no more than 5–6 kg / m²;
- Pumpkin. The culture also does not belong to greenhouses, including due to the low planting density, therefore, when growing pumpkins, only young shoots are planted in closed ground, which are subsequently transferred to the beds. Productivity - within 10-12 kg / m², vegetation period - about 120 days.
Business registration
Starting the industrial cultivation of vegetables in a greenhouse all year round, the business must be registered, because corporate clients prefer to cooperate with legal SPD. In addition, the presence of official status somewhat simplifies the procedure for obtaining various quality certificates and other accompanying documents.
A novice entrepreneur in the process of creating a greenhouse business can use one of the following forms of ownership:
- Personal farm. Formally, for this option there is no limit on the number of greenhouses, however, the total area of the site should not exceed 2.5 hectares. In addition, the owner of the household plot does not have the right to use the labor of hired workers, which turns growing vegetables at home into a family business. No official registration is provided by the legislation, except for the need to obtain a certificate from the administration that the farmer owns the appropriate land plot;
- Peasant farming. For peasant farms, there are no restrictions on the area of the plot, the number of employees and the annual turnover of the enterprise. The enterprise is a collective form of ownership of citizens united by family ties - spouses, their parents and children, brothers and sisters. The head of the farm, determined at the general meeting, must receive the TIN of the entrepreneur and register with the tax authorities, and in the process of work regularly transfer contributions to the relevant funds;
- Individual entrepreneurship. By analogy with KFH, there are no restrictions for individual entrepreneurs, which makes it ideal for a large greenhouse enterprise with a large number of hired workers. If there are several owners, it is more expedient to choose an LLC and form an authorized fund of 10,000 rubles.
In the process of registering a peasant farm, individual entrepreneur or LLC, an entrepreneur must choose the UAT taxation system with a payment of 6% of the profit, and also indicate in the application the appropriate OKVED code for growing greenhouse vegetables (01.13.12).
Site search and preparation
The correct choice of the location of greenhouses determines the efficiency of the organization of production processes and the amount of costs associated with ensuring the successful functioning of the enterprise. Therefore, at the initial stage of the construction of a greenhouse complex, in the absence of its own premises, an entrepreneur must rent or purchase a land plot that meets several basic requirements:
- It is advisable to initially make sure that the business can be expanded in the future by installing additional greenhouses;
- A paved road must pass in the immediate vicinity of the site - otherwise the process of delivering raw materials and finished products can become much more difficult.
- Growing vegetables with your own hands requires electricity and gas (except for greenhouses heated by coal and wood), so it is desirable to have power lines and gas pipelines nearby;
- It is necessary to decide on the method of water supply, and then connect the complex to the central water supply or install your own well;
- The location of greenhouses at any time of the year should exclude their shading by trees, other buildings or relief folds;
- Permissible slope of the construction site - no more than 3–5%;
- You should not place a greenhouse on windy hilltops and in lowlands, where frosty air lasts longer;
- It is advisable to choose a site protected from the prevailing winds by terrain folds or a forest belt, while avoiding greenhouse shading;
- Groundwater should not be close to the surface - otherwise, flooding, soil subsidence and rotting of plant roots are possible.
Greenhouse construction
Beginning entrepreneurs can build a greenhouse on their own or assemble it from ready-made structural elements offered by suppliers. The frame is most often mounted from metal profiles of various sections, and as a covering material they use:
- Polyethylene. The main advantages of polyethylene film are the lowest price and low weight. At the same time, the disadvantages include unsatisfactory transparency (especially in the presence of reinforcement), short term operation and high vulnerability to mechanical damage. During the construction of greenhouses, the material is laid in two layers (outside and inside the frame) in order to create an air gap inside and thereby reduce the overall heat loss of the structure;
- Glass. Due to its high light transmission, this material is ideal for the construction of large greenhouse complexes, allowing the entrepreneur to save on artificial lighting. To increase the strength in agriculture, tempered glass 6 mm thick is used, which is characterized by a rather significant weight. In addition, the high thermal conductivity of the material in winter time causes an increase in the cost of heating the greenhouse;
- Polycarbonate. Cellular polymer material successfully combines such advantages as high light transmission, good strength and low weight. In addition, growing vegetables in a polycarbonate greenhouse in winter becomes more cost-effective due to low odds thermal conductivity of plastic. The main disadvantage of this coating is high temperature deformation - up to 5 mm/m in the temperature range from -30°C to +40°C.
Comparative characteristics of various covering materials are given in the following table. The calculation of the glazing area and the amount of heat loss was carried out for a modular arched greenhouse with dimensions of 29.4x7.5x3.8 m:
Comparative characteristics of covering materials
Greenhouse equipment
With the construction of the greenhouse, construction and installation work is not completed. At the next stage, the entrepreneur must install various units inside that are necessary to create the required microclimatic conditions and automate some production processes. As part of a business plan for growing vegetables, attention should be paid to the design of systems such as:
- Beds. Shelving shelves are suitable for cultivating low-growing plants with a small root system. Tall cucumber and tomato bushes should be planted on heated beds and tied to trellises as they grow. It should be noted that in a structure with dimensions of 29.4x7.5 m, the total area of the beds, minus the passages and vestibules, is 140–150 m²;
- Ventilation. To ventilate large greenhouses, an open window or door is not enough. Therefore, in such structures, ventilation hatches with automatic control are provided or powerful exhaust fans are installed. In addition, in winter, cold outside air must be heated by passing it through heat exchangers with hot water;
- Heating. To grow vegetables all year round, greenhouses need to be well heated. The most convenient energy carrier is natural gas, but the laying of a separate pipeline is usually associated with significant costs. Therefore, many farmers heat their greenhouses with coal or wood, burning them in hot water boilers: at the same time, the power of the equipment must correspond to the heat losses of the structure, determined for the lowest winter temperature.
Comparative characteristics of energy carriers
- Soil heating. In winter, even in greenhouses with an efficient heating system, the soil in the beds quickly cools to low temperatures, which leads to damage to the roots of plants. The soil is heated using electric mats or water heating circuits buried in the ground connected to the same hot water boiler;
- Lighting. In the cold season, the length of the day decreases, as a result of which the plants do not have enough light. Therefore, additional lamps are installed in greenhouses to maintain the required level of illumination for 12–14 hours. Ordinary incandescent lamps are not suitable for these purposes: it is recommended to use sodium, gas discharge or LED instead.
Comparative characteristics of lamps
Index | sodium | gas-discharge | LED |
Power consumption, W | 150 | 150 | 72 |
Price per unit, rub. | 890 | 1320 | 4050 |
Luminous flux, lm | 17500 | 14500 | 12000 |
Service life, hours | 16000 | 15000 | 50000 |
Equipment cost, rub. | 53400 | 79200 | 303000 |
Greenhouse energy consumption, W | 9000 | 9000 | 4320 |
Monthly fee, rub. | 6480 | 6480 | 3110 |
- Watering. Beds in small greenhouses can be watered with a watering can. However, in a large farm, it is better to automate such processes. For these purposes, a large-capacity tank is installed on an elevation, and then a system of pipes and capillaries is connected to it, supplying water and fertilizers directly to the roots of plants.
- Additional equipment necessary for the operation of the greenhouse complex is various tools (shovels, shovels, wheelbarrows), temperature and humidity measuring instruments, as well as large-capacity cold storage chambers designed to store vegetables awaiting sale.
Greenhouse equipment
Name | price, rub. | Quantity, pcs. | Cost, rub. |
greenhouse construction | |||
Greenhouse frame 29.4x7.5x3.8 m | 226300 | 1 | 226300 |
Polycarbonate 10 mm, sheet 12x2.1 m | 7100 | 16 | 113600 |
Foundation strip 74 m | 74000 | 1 | 74000 |
Greenhouse assembly | 10000 | 1 | 10000 |
Heating system | |||
Solid fuel boiler 100 kW | 161800 | 1 | 161800 |
Polypropylene pipe | 65 | 250 m | 16250 |
Steel radiator 3 kW | 6100 | 25 | 152500 |
Soil heating pipe | 65 | 150 m | 9750 |
Forced circulation pump | 4000 | 2 | 8000 |
Shut-off valves | – | – | 5000 |
Lighting system | |||
Lamp DNAt150 | 890 | 60 | 53400 |
Reflector with cartridge E40 | 600 | 60 | 36000 |
Electrical cable 3x4 mm² | 50 | 250 m | 12500 |
Automatic switch | 210 | 5 | 1050 |
Ventilation system | |||
Greenhouse fan 1500 m³/h | 3700 | 4 | 14800 |
Air filter | 900 | 8 | 7200 |
Water heat exchanger 25 kW | 4500 | 4 | 18000 |
Drip irrigation | |||
Plastic water tank 2 m³ | 32000 | 1 | 32000 |
Polypropylene irrigation pipe | 65 | 150 m | 9750 |
tank pump | 2500 | 1 | 2500 |
Shut-off valves | 80 | 10 | 800 |
drip irrigation system | 1800 | 5 | 9000 |
Optional equipment | |||
Refrigerator 4.4 m³ | 57400 | 1 | 57400 |
garden tools | – | – | 6000 |
Tapestry 4m | 10 | 500 | 5000 |
Thermohygrometer | 900 | 2 | 1800 |
Vegetable drawer | 30 | 50 | 1500 |
Total: | 1045900 |
Sales market
Simultaneously with the arrangement of the greenhouse for growing vegetables, the business plan should provide for the organization of uninterrupted and reliable distribution channels: almost all vegetables have a short shelf life, which makes it very difficult to avoid damage to the goods with any delays in the implementation. In addition to self-selling to retail customers, which the owners of large greenhouse complexes usually do not practice, there are four ways to solve this problem:
- Sale to wholesale bases. Cooperation with wholesalers saves the time needed to sell the goods, but at the same time, the farmer is forced to reduce prices and deliver the goods to buyers on his own;
- Sales to resellers. Some entrepreneurs buy vegetables and other agricultural products from farmers for resale. Such clients most often have their own transport, which allows them to purchase products on a self-delivery basis;
- Retail work. A method that allows the farmer to get the maximum profit. However, negotiating with store owners, concluding contracts and organizing logistics are labor-intensive processes that require hiring at least a sales manager and a freight forwarder with a car;
- Sales to processors. Canneries and other processing plants also need regular supplies of raw materials. The farmer can sell quite large quantities of goods to such customers at adequate wholesale prices.
Capital investment
As a business, growing vegetables all year round requires a significant investment in preparing the production base. Also, the entrepreneur needs to register his company, clear the site for construction, connect the greenhouse to engineering networks, ensure the presence of the company on the Internet and purchase various consumables. It is also desirable to have an additional financial reserve to compensate for current costs, since the business owner will be able to receive profit only after the sale of the first harvest.
Investments
At the beginning of each production cycle, the farmer must prepare or purchase greenhouse soil, grow seedlings or order seedlings from suppliers, and purchase fertilizers. In addition, in the process of work, he will have to regularly replenish fuel supplies, pay for electricity and services. transport companies, as well as bear the costs associated with the issuance of certificates for vegetables.
Video: How to make money growing vegetables in greenhouses
Annual expenses
Profit and profitability
The most important step in drawing up a business plan for a greenhouse for growing vegetables is the calculation of the profit received from the sale various kinds products. To predict the amount of income, you need to take into account the crop yield, the number of cycles per year and the range of seasonal fluctuations in wholesale prices.
Greenhouse income (before taxes)
culture | Average price, rub./kg | Annual yield, kg | Profit, rub. | Profitability, % |
Zucchini | 80 | 9000 | 338520 | 88,7 |
eggplant | 65 | 7200 | 86520 | 22,6 |
tomatoes | 70 | 9000 | 248520 | 65,1 |
cucumbers | 95 | 9900 | 473520 | 124,1 |
bell pepper | 110 | 8100 | 509520 | 133,5 |
Cauliflower | 70 | 2700 | -192480 | 0 |
Pumpkin | 45 | 5400 | -138480 | 0 |
It is obvious that the cultivation of cauliflower and pumpkin indoors in winter is not profitable, since the overhead costs in this case far exceed the possible income. Therefore, it is better to plant zucchini, tomatoes, bell peppers and cucumbers in the greenhouse. You can also do fresh herbs: for example, when growing spinach, an entrepreneur will receive a crop every two months and earn at least 700 thousand rubles at the end of the year.