Calculation of payment for heating according to the standard. Why do we pay for heating all year round?
In the bills that come now for heating in Russia, there are two lines. In one - payment for heating your apartment, in the second - for heating common areas (stairs, porches, etc.). The calculation method depends on whether or not there is a common house meter and a heat meter in the apartment.
If there is no meter on the house, the consumption is calculated according to the standards. The standard for the consumption of thermal energy for heating is established by the local authorities by the relevant decree. The same decree approves the payment schedule: you pay only in heating period, or 12 months of the year. If you are interested in specific figures, then the rates for your region can be found in the Management Campaign or by finding the relevant resolution of the local government.
In the absence of a house meter, you need to remember about Decree No. 344 adopted in April 2013. According to this
kazu, if there is no meter on the house (there is a technical possibility), then multiplying factors are applied:
- 01.2015 to 30.06. 2015 coefficient 1.1.
- 07.2015 to 31.12. 2015 needs to be multiplied by 1.2.
- 01.2016 to 30.06. 2016 coefficient 1.4.
- 07.2016 to 31.12. 2016 should be multiplied by 1.5.
- 01.2017 – 1,6.
And this is without taking into account the increase in heating prices. That is, if your house has the technical ability to install a meter, but it has not yet been installed, you automatically pay more. Because according to this decree, the fee calculated according to the standard is multiplied by the corresponding coefficient.
Calculation of payment for heating according to the standard
In the absence of meters, the payment for heating the apartment is calculated according to the following formula:
Payment for heating an apartment \u003d consumption standard * total area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment * tariff
For example: the area of the apartment is 48m2, the established standard for heat consumption is 0.0323 Gcal
The tariff is taken or approved for a given locality, and if there is a common house meter, it is calculated for each house. The tariff is determined once a year, based on many parameters, the most significant of which are: energy prices, energy costs, wages and the average temperature for the heating season (the average temperature for the last five years is displayed). Upon completion heating season the tariff is reviewed, the costs for the past season are recalculated. If the actual expenses turned out to be less, the overpayment, which was formed on the personal account, goes towards the repayment of future services. If the tariff is too low, an additional amount appears on the heating bill.
In houses with heat meters, accruals are carried out differently. Here, after a month, the amount that the management company must pay for heating this house is known. Based on these data, and the amount of residential and non-residential space, the cost of heating 1m 2 for the past month is calculated. This figure is multiplied by the total area of your apartment. The second line indicates your share in paying for heating of common areas (entrances, basements, etc.).
Individual heat meters: to install or not?
The fact that a meter is installed on the house does not mean that you pay for the amount of heat that you consume. Someone in the apartment can have water-heated floors powered by a common house main, and someone has installed twice as many radiator sections. It is clear that they will be warmer, and everyone will pay at the same rate. In this case, the solution is to install an individual heat meter.
If you have an individual heat meter, you pay for the heat that remains in your apartment. How does it work? Indications are taken from the supply pipeline at the entrance to the apartment, and from the opposite - at the exit. The difference in performance will be the amount of heat that is left in the apartment. You will pay for it.
There is also such a benefit: if a coolant with a temperature below the norm enters the meter, heat is not accounted for at all.
When planning the installation of a heating meter, do not forget that you cannot install them yourself. This must be done by an employee of an organization licensed for this type of service. An installation project and its approval is also required. And these services can cost twice as much as the meter itself.
In addition, there are still technical difficulties. If the apartment has horizontal wiring - the pipe has entered, bypassed all the premises, and left - there are no problems. The counter is installed at the input and output. But in practice in high-rise buildings of the old building, the wiring is often vertical. This is when there are risers in all, or almost all, rooms. From them there is a supply to one or two radiators. In this case, it is unreasonable to put counters on each of the radiators: it is too expensive.
If desired, you can install distributors - these are different according to the principle of operation of the device, they are installed on each radiator. And they do not consider the amount of heat that the entire radiator gives off, but only the amount of heat given off by the radiator at the installation site. Then, according to the results of these measurements (recorded in the memory of the device), the control campaign calculates how much heat falls on each unit of readings. Multiplying this figure by the indicators of your distributors, you get the amount for heating.
But the presence of distributors does not guarantee payment for the amount of heat consumed: it stands on a small radiator, or on a multi-section one, and at an equal temperature of the heat carriers it will show same digits. Although multi-section, of course, will give off more heat. And one more thing: heat metering with such devices is possible only if there is a common house meter, and besides, at least 75% of apartments must be equipped with distributors. And one more condition: thermostatic valves must be on the radiators.
Now let's talk about how payment for heat is made in the presence of heat distributors. In order not to recalculate the readings every month, provisional rates are approved. Residents pay for heat based on these rates. The control campaign is calculated with the heat supplier according to the meter. Once or twice a year, a calculation and adjustment is carried out. Then the balance between payment and actual heat consumption is determined and, accordingly, the tariff is reduced or increased.
Although this is a solution, it is far from ideal. The only thing that heat distributors give is a reduction in heating costs if a supply with a low temperature comes to you. Then you will actually pay less.
The minimum and allowable temperatures by SNiP for apartments are given in the table. But here the measurement technique is important. How to take measurements? The air temperature in the room is determined on one of the internal walls. The distance from the outer wall should be at least 1 meter, from the floor - at least 1.5 meters. There should be no temperature discrepancy with the specified standards. In case of non-compliance with the norms, for each hour of non-compliance, the payment is reduced by 0.15%. What needs to be done to lower it? Write an application to DEZ (do not forget to register and take a copy for yourself). The law has set a period of up to 7 days for verification of the application. During this period, a DEZ employee or an engineer comes to you, checks the condition of communications and temperature, draws up an act in two copies (one copy is left to the tenant). If the complaint is confirmed, the situation should be corrected. The turnaround time is one week.
You can also check whether the temperature of the supplied hot water. It should be from +50 o C to +70 o C. The permissible deviation is 3 o C during the day, 5 o C at night. How is the water temperature measured? Open the tap, put a glass under the stream, immerse the thermometer in the water. In case of deviations, the procedure is the same: write a statement and wait for representatives of the operational campaign.
It is worth noting that according to the law, the supply of heat to apartments during the entire heating period must be continuous. The maximum shutdown during the month is 24 hours, but no more than 16 hours in a row. For each hour of exceeding the standard, the fee is reduced by 0.15%.
All such shutdowns and deviations should reduce heating bills. All this is fine, but in practice it is very difficult to prove that the norms are not observed in your apartment. Writing an application is easy. But then representatives of DEZ come on a warm day, or when the batteries are untouchable, and your statement turns out to be unconfirmed. In general, it's not easy. However, try to get results. They say that water wears away the stone. Maybe they get tired of walking, and during the next prophylaxis they will do something.
I wrote in the topic of the A101 Quarter, but this question arises among residents of almost all houses, so I am creating a topic in the general section.
So let's figure out why in all new buildings there is at least a common house meter, and in houses with horizontal heating distribution there is also an apartment meter, but bills are issued all year round and according to the standard?
First, let's figure out according to what regulations the payment for heating is calculated.
There is which reads in particular:
In accordance with the Government Decree Russian Federation dated August 27, 2012 N 857 "On the peculiarities of the application in 2012-2014 of the Rules for granting utilities owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings" The Moscow Government decides: Establish that in the city of Moscow, when calculating the amount of payment for a utility service for heating, the procedure for calculating the amount of payment for a utility service for heating is applied in accordance with the Rules for the provision of public services to citizens approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 23, 2006 N 307, using at the same time, the standard for the consumption of thermal energy for heating residential premises, approved by Decree of the Government of Moscow dated January 11, 1994 N 41 "On the transition to a new system of payment for housing and utilities and the procedure for providing housing subsidies to citizens."
Translated into ordinary Russian, this means that the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 23, 2006 N 307 is applied to calculate the payment for heating in Moscow.
decisions of the authorities state power constituent entities of the Russian Federation on the application, when calculating the amount of payment for a utility service for heating, the procedure for making such a calculation, established by the Rules for the provision of utility services to citizens, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated May 23, 2006 N 307 "On the procedure for providing utility services to citizens", using norms for the consumption of thermal energy for heating, in force on June 30, 2012, adopted in accordance with subparagraph "b" of paragraph 1 of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 27, 2012 N 857 "On the features of the application in 2012 - 2014 of the Rules for the provision of public services owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings", are valid until canceled by the bodies that adopted them, but no later than the day from which paragraphs 15 - 28 of the Rules for the provision of public services to citizens and paragraphs 1 - 4 of Appendix No. 2 to these Rules become invalid.
Translated into Russian: This is a confirmation that Decree 307 is valid for heating calculations incl. for Moscow until the moment of its cancellation.
Summary: until July 1, 2016, for the calculation of payment for heating in the territory of Moscow,
Now let's see how the calculation works.
I'll cut the same. In it, we need item "23":
23. When equipped apartment building collective (general house) metering device and equipment partially or completely individual and (or) common (apartment) metering devices for premises in such a house the amount of payment for utilities consumed in residential and non-residential premises, equipped or not equipped with individual and (or) common (apartment) metering devices, is determined by:
<....>
b) for heating - in accordance with subparagraph 2 of paragraph 3 of Appendix No. 2 to these Rules. At the same time, the contractor makes an adjustment of the amount of the fee for 1 time per year in accordance with subparagraph 3 of paragraph 3 of Appendix No. 2 to these Rules.
First, we look at paragraphs 2, paragraph 3 of Appendix No. 2:
3. When equipping an apartment building with collective (common house) metering devices and individual or all premises in an apartment building with individual and (or) common (apartment) metering devices, the amount of payment for utilities is determined in the following order:
<....>
2) the monthly fee for (rubles) in a room not equipped with metering devices is determined by formula 1, and in the i-th residential or non-residential premises of an apartment building equipped with metering devices, is determined by formula 7;
Since in the 3rd stage all apartments are initially equipped with individual (apartment) metering devices, we look at formula 7:
2) the amount of payment for (rubles) in the i-th residential premises of an apartment building is determined by the formula:
V t - the average monthly volume of heat energy consumption for the previous year (Gcal / sq. m);
T T - tariff for thermal energy established in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation (rubles/Gcal).
However, the formula has a note:
In the absence of information on the volumes of consumption of thermal energy for the past year, the amount of payment for is determined by the form ule 1;
Since the houses were commissioned in 2014, the SDMKD does not have statistics for the past year, so we look at formula No. 1:
1) the amount of payment for (rubles) in a residential building or in the i-th residential or non-residential premises is determined by the formula:
S i - the total area of the i-th room (apartment) in an apartment building or the total area of a residential building (sq. M);
N t is the standard for the consumption of thermal energy per (Gcal / sq. m);
T T - tariff for heat energy established in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation (rubles/Gcal);
The value of the standard in this case is set (according to) and is equal to 0.016 Gcal / m 2.
The tariff for thermal energy is set by the Regional Energy Commission for each supplier of thermal energy.
Thus, monthly heating bills are issued in accordance with the standard. However, we remember that Resolution No. 307 also says that " at the same time, the contractor makes an adjustment of the amount of the fee for 1 time per year in accordance with subparagraph 3 of paragraph 3 of Appendix No. 2 to these Rules.
We look at paragraphs 3, paragraph 3, applications No. 2:
3) the amount of payment for the i-th residential or non-residential premises of an apartment building (rubles) is adjusted once a year by the contractor according to the formula:
P k.p - the amount of payment for heat energy consumed over the past year in all premises, determined based on the readings of the collective (common house) metering device and the tariff for heat energy, approved in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation (rubles);
P n.p - the amount of payment for heat energy consumed during the billing period in rooms equipped with metering devices, determined based on the readings of individual metering devices, in communal apartments- common (apartment) metering devices and tariff for thermal energy, approved in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation (rubles);
P n.n - the amount of payment for thermal energy consumed during the billing period in premises not equipped with metering devices, determined on the basis of the standard for consumption of thermal energy and the tariff for thermal energy approved in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation (rubles);
S D - the total area of all residential and non-residential premises in an apartment building (sq. M);
S i - the total area of the i-th room (apartment, non-residential premises) in an apartment building (sq. M);
Summary: Don July 1, 2016, for calculating the payment for heating in the territory of Moscow, it is applied, according to whichthe management company makes monthly payments according to the standard throughout the year, but once a year it is obliged to recalculate based on the actual meter readings.
Modified June 2015 by Kirill Barmashev10 users liked this
Tariffs and Regulations
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 603 dated June 29, 2016 offered various options for paying for heating. The population has already been informed about some of the nuances. Some remain incomprehensible.
So, let us recall that from July 1, 2016, the Rules for the provision of public services to citizens, according to which Russians lived in accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No.
The ordinance was issued on May 23, 2006 and declared payments during the calendar year. There were quite a lot of indignations about the fact that you have to pay for heat in the summer, as well as in the first month of autumn and the last month of spring, when the service is not provided. As a result, on May 6, 2011, the sixth paragraph of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 354 canceled the 307th legislative act. The cancellation was scheduled for the current year - 2016. Moreover, almost every year this Resolution was amended. The last time this happened was in December 2015.
Shortly before this, the regions were given the right to decide for themselves how to collect payments - throughout the year or only during the heating season. The new law proclaims the following order: the service is first provided, then paid. But, again, options are allowed. And you can even go back to old system- at the numerous requests of the population and by decision of the regional authorities. Such requests, by the way, have already appeared. Not everyone was satisfied with the transition to pay-as-you-go. After all, at new system there is a big difference in payments.
The amount of payment depends on the air temperature outside. In the cold months, payments naturally rose sharply and no one liked it. In some regions, calls have already begun to pay, for example, as before, in equal payments, and then the resource supply organization will recalculate. The legislator, in principle, also allows such a system of payments. True, it no longer allows you to be self-willed and appoint a different number of months for the distribution of such payments. Now they should not be divided into seven, for example, months, but into twelve. And, of course, this applies primarily to apartment buildings, in which heat meters have not yet appeared.
Note that the legislator does not oblige to install meters in dilapidated, emergency facilities subject to demolition or overhaul in the coming years, as well as in apartment buildings where thermal load less than 0.2 gigacalories. Saved from this obligation and MKD, where it is technically impossible to install a meter. Everyone else will pay a higher rate. According to the law, the cost of heat from the “regulators”, who could, but did not want to install a heat meter, should increase quite significantly. In fact, in many regions, this urgent recommendation has not yet been rushed to take into account, taking into account the already difficult situation of the population.
Decree No. 354 contains separate items on the amount of payment for heating, it is said about the need to adjust the calculations. The formulas for calculating the multiplying coefficient for certain categories of owners are prescribed. The change of the executor of the utility service for heating is also taken into account. And the failure of the common house heat energy meter. If this happened: it broke, the service life ended, it was stolen, then in two months the fee will be charged according to the standard.
The decision on the method of payment for utility services is made by the subject of the Russian Federation a year before the start of the heating season, during which it will be necessary to switch to the chosen method. When changing the method of payment for a utility service for heating, the contractor adjusts the amount of payment for a utility service for heating in the 1st quarter of the calendar year following the year in which the payment method is changed.
We emphasize that homeowners cannot choose the method of payment for heating at the meeting. This is not allowed by the housing laws.
Rules No. 354 establish a ban on presenting utility services to consumers for payment of the cost of an excess volume of a utility service provided for general house needs in the billing period in which such an excess volume was formed. Reimbursement of shortfalls in income to utility service providers is carried out at the expense of funds received by them as payment for the relevant services rendered.