Housing code obschedomovye metering devices. Communal heating meters: learning to save in an apartment building
Heat meters are used heat metering devices. Laws oblige the installation of these devices in every home. The procedure is quite simple, but you have to spend money on the device itself and the services of the installing company.
Who should put a common house meter for heating, the advantages of installation
Installation is carried out by specialists who are hired by the housing and communal services service at home. Residents pay for installation apartment building. A common house meter records the total amount of heat that enters the high-rise building. That is why it is worthwhile to understand in more detail the benefits of such a device.
Advantages of using a common house meter:
- You can save on equipment, since self-installation will be quite expensive. The cost of a common house appliance is shared among all tenants.
- Everyone will now be more careful. Residents will be more responsible open doors entrance or damaged window.
The disadvantages include the high cost of the device. In this case, the device may fail, and the residents will again have to pay for its repair. But the main disadvantage is the inability to save on heating the apartment due to less consumption of thermal energy.
The need to install a meter is determined at a general meeting of residents. After a written application to the appropriate organization, the device is installed.
To calculate the heat consumed, the meter data is taken and divided by the area of \u200b\u200bthe room. Of course, there are certain benefits from installing such meters. Otherwise, the payment would take place at inflated coefficients. But at the same time, it is impossible to regulate the heat supply, which is a significant drawback.
The principle of operation of the heat meter
The heat meter has a wide range of functions. It allows you to determine the period of time for the operation of devices, which is indicated on a specific metering station. It also indicates the temperature of the coolant. But the main thing is fixing the amount of heat energy consumed.
The heat meter scheme includes:
- Thermal converters - temperature sensors;
- Calculator - calculates the amount of heat spent;
- Power supplies;
- A flow meter is a sensor for calculating volume.
The heat meter is used to register the received heat, which comes with the coolant. The amount of energy that is used by the device per hour is determined, the temperature of the liquid at the inlet and outlet and into the system is taken into account. This is how the temperature difference is determined for a certain time. For this, a special calculator is provided in the counter.
The calculation of thermal energy has an average error of 3-6%.
The necessary data is supplied by flow and temperature sensors. One temperature sensor must be installed in the supply pipeline of the system, and the second - in the outgoing one. The calculator analyzes the received data and displays the exact consumption figure on the screen.
Varieties of common house heat meters
Different devices have a different principle of operation, installation and maintenance. It is best to provide a choice of the best option for the organization for the installation of such equipment. Specialists will assess the condition of the house and, based on this, provide the necessary type of heat meter.
Varieties of heat meters:
- Tachometric;
- Ultrasonic;
- Electromagnetic;
- Vortex.
Tachometric meters are simple designs that have a mechanical rotary or vane water meter and a heat calculator. The price of the device is affordable. It is mandatory to install a magnetic-mechanical filter.
Such a device does not work well with high water hardness. That is why such options are used in a private house. A significant plus of the system - offline work from a battery that lasts for 5-6 years.
Electromagnetic heat meters in their work use an electromagnetic field. When the volume of the coolant changes at the inlet and outlet, a small current arises. Strict rules are put forward for the installation of such equipment, with which qualified workers are familiar.
Vortex heat meters operate on the principle of the occurrence of vortices behind obstacles that are in the way of the coolant. Suitable for installation on any wiring. The main thing is a straight section of pipes before and after installation of the device.
Service companies will help you choose which heat meters are best. In an apartment building, it is often advised to install a vortex option. Impurities and large parts in the liquid do not distort the readings of the device.
The ultrasonic variety works on the principle of the passage of ultrasound through the coolant. The ideal place to install such mechanisms is new houses with a clean flow of water. Such heat meters are too sensitive to any extra parts in the liquid.
How to install a common house heating meter
The law considers that a heat meter should be installed in almost every home. It is necessary to install a heat meter in every house. But there are also some exceptions. The list of houses that can function without heat meters includes emergency buildings and houses where the cost of the device is higher than payment for heating for six months.
A heat meter is needed for a fair distribution of payment and stimulation of the responsibility of residents. Insulating your home will reduce the cost of heating.
Residents are required to pay for the installation of appliances. This raises questions: is it profitable to install heat meters. Savings are possible only in the case of a well-insulated house.
The order of installation of heat meters:
- Drawing up a project;
- Obtaining permits;
- Installation of the device;
- Registration of the counter;
- It is necessary to check the operability of the unit and draw up the necessary documentation.
The need to install a meter is determined at the meeting of residents. It is also necessary to collect finances for the installation of equipment. Then they turn to a qualified company. Subsequent verification and, if necessary, repairs are carried out by the same organization.
Where is a heat meter installed for heating in an apartment building (video)
Installation of heat meters is determined at a meeting of residents. General house meters calculate the amount of heat that is supplied to the house and distributed among residents, based on the area of the apartment. Installation is carried out by special organizations, which the housing and communal services service will help to choose.
S. Panev , editor of the department of the Municipal Unitary Enterprise "IIC "Usinskaya nov", Usinsk, Komi Republic
If you believe the statistics, then the Russians are the cleanest nation, and in addition - a broad soul. Our energy consumption per person can wash, drink and heat about two Germans and half a Frenchman. We are not used to saving because Soviet Union taught everyone to live according to the standard - the same for all. With the help of the new legislation in the Russian Federation, a phased transition to the system of accounting for the consumed resources of housing and communal services has been carried out for several years. The latest Law No. 261-FZ “On Energy Saving and Energy Efficiency ...”, adopted on November 23, 2009, obliges the owner to install meters for the services of resource supply companies, as well as to start upgrading housing - at his own expense. The term is given until 2012, but the organization of the installation of meters has already begun in July this year. How much it costs, whether it is profitable, whether it will be possible to shirk responsibility - everything in detail.
Highlights in the law
Until January 1, 2012 (paragraph 5 of Article 13 of Law No. 261 of the Federal Law “On Energy Saving ...”), homeowners in apartment buildings are required to equip their homes with common house meters for used water, heat and electricity, as well as apartment meters for water, gas, electricity . The law applies to all buildings and structures that use energy resources, but we will only talk about apartment buildings. By the way, the requirements of the law regarding the organization of resource accounting do not apply to dilapidated, emergency facilities, facilities subject to demolition or overhaul until January 1, 2013 (paragraph 1 of Article 13).
And if I do not want to change anything, I like to pay according to the established standards, you ask. Nobody will listen. The general house meters of all the resources we use will be supplied by the management company, and the owner will be given another year to install them - until 2013. law enforcement) to the places of installation of metering devices and force them to pay the costs of these organizations for installation. If the owner refuses to pay, he will have to pay the costs of these organizations related to the need for enforcement (paragraph 12 of article 13). And here it doesn’t hurt to remember that the law requires individual devices to be installed on all energy resources, except for heat supply.
Prior to the installation of metering devices, as well as in the event of failure, loss or after the expiration of their service life, calculations will be carried out according to the standards, as before. But (the big “But” spelled out in paragraph 2 of Article 13), at the same time, consumption standards will be calculated in such a way as to encourage resource buyers to install metering devices. That is, the standards for the consumption of energy resources will increase significantly.
To consider water, heat, gas and electricity as new appliances, you will have to spend a lot on them (about prices - later in the article). For a person, even with an average income, this financial burden will not be easy. Where to get money from? In this regard, in paragraph 9 of Article 13 of Law No. 261-FZ, an indulgence is provided for the population. First, from July 1, 2010, enterprises that supply the city with water, gas, heat and electricity are required to organize work on the installation, replacement, operation of common house and individual metering devices. And before July 1, provide apartment owners with proposals on how to equip residential buildings with metering devices. Moreover, they do not have the right to refuse tenants to conclude a contract for installation services.
Secondly, at the request of the consumer, installment terms for five years can be included in the contract for the installation of metering devices. Thus, the price for the purchase and installation of meters includes the amount of interest accrued in connection with the provision of installments, but not more than in the amount of the refinancing rate Central Bank RF, effective on the day of accrual (as of June 1, the refinancing rate is 7.75%). Based on what has been said in the law, it can be concluded that already from July 1 of this year, consumers can apply to resource supply companies and demand an agreement on the installation of meters in installments. The question remains: is it worth the rush and are the companies themselves ready for this?
Water supply
The law, in fact, drew a line under many years of discussions about the need for energy conservation and energy efficiency, outlined the priority areas, the timing of the implementation of key measures, forms of punishment for the negligent and encouragement of the aspirants. This is expected to result in cost savings for consumers. After all, in many regions, up to 70-80% of the cost of housing and communal services is the supply of electricity, heat, gas, hot and cold water. The rest is real estate management, waste removal and disposal, territory maintenance.
Usually the population does not want to delve into all the subtleties of our legislation until it hits the wallet. And good example this is the story of the transition to a new system of payment for electricity, when two lines appeared on the receipt - intra-apartment and general house consumption of electricity. The new payment system was introduced overnight in some cities of Russia without any preparatory and explanatory work.
Exactly the same situation may arise when paying for the use of water not according to the standard, but according to metering devices. An expert in this field, the director of a company that has been installing water and heat meters since 2000 (part-time a housing stock management company), Petr Raileanu shared his observations with us.
- On the balance of our management company eight houses, all of them are equipped with common house cold water metering devices, - says Petr Eftemovich. - Tenants also pay according to the standard, and with the help of meters we make a real analysis of water consumption. As a result, it turned out that the tenants of the apartment building, according to the meter readings, consume much more than the amount for which they pay Vodokanal. Indicators of common house meters are 10-12% higher standard consumption. But this does not mean that the population uses water more than the established norm. When installing individual water meters in apartments, in the vast majority of cases, homeowners saved up to 40–45% of the cost of Vodokanal services. Those. the standard is about twice as high. The standard is always averaged, it does not take into account either the gender or the age of the consumer, which is very important. One thing is a child, the other is an adult.
In the course of the study, we found out that it is pointless to introduce a settlement system with a resource supply company using a common house metering device if an individual meter is not installed in each apartment. The fact is that when a person pays for the use of water according to the standard, he does not save. And I'm not used to doing it. One has a leaking toilet, the other water faucet not correct. If there are such unreliable tenants in the house who do not take care of their plumbing, all the savings of the rest are in vain.
The new law on energy saving requires the installation of both common and individual water meters. But it may turn out that no one will explain to the population all the risks from innovations, and at first only common household appliances will be installed. And the numbers in the receipts will increase many times, which will cause the same flurry of indignation as after the introduction new system payment for electricity. To avoid unpleasant consequences from the application of the new law, first of all, it is necessary to provide each apartment with individual water meters. Then everyone will be responsible for their losses and monitor the plumbing condition of intra-apartment networks. And the management companies, in turn, must put in order the intra-house networks, and, while there is still an opportunity, include their houses in the overhaul program.
As stated in Law No. 261-FZ, the purchase and installation of metering devices is carried out at the personal expense of homeowners. In our company, the meter itself and its installation costs 3,000 rubles, usually two are required for an apartment - for hot and cold water pipes. Some apartments require the installation of four at once, where the kitchen and bathroom have different risers. In this case, the counters will cost the consumer 2,500 rubles, in total - 10,000 rubles. If a person cannot afford to spend such an amount immediately, then, as already mentioned, the law provides for a system of payment in installments. But are the resource supply companies ready for this, because their duties include providing all the conditions for the population to purchase metering devices. Do they provide services for their installation and will it be done in installments?
Organizations supplying consumers with energy resources are regularly obliged to inform the public about ways to save energy resources and improve the energy efficiency of their use, including posting this information on the Internet, on paper and other accessible ways(Clause 3 of Article 22 of Law No. 261-FZ).
An analysis of water consumption in houses with common house meters has shown that people use water irrationally. Residents will need to get together and decide on the installation of meters in each apartment.
TOTAL ON WATER SUPPLY: Individual metering device - installation is required.
Household metering device - installation is required. Service life - up to 25 years. Costs - 6000-10000 rubles. per apartment, depending on the individual layout of the room. Savings - up to 50%.
Heat supply
Unlike water supply, law No. 261-FZ does not force heat energy to be considered individual metering devices. The fact is that at present the main type of heat distribution around the house is vertical. In each room, a pipe runs from the ceiling to the floor, through which the coolant enters the heating radiators. And the calculation of the consumed heat is made on the basis of the measured volume of the past hot water and temperature difference at the inlet and outlet of the pipes. It is fundamentally impossible to put such a counter on each battery, because. the temperature difference on one battery is comparable to the error of its measurement. Classic apartment heat meters are used for apartments with horizontal heating distribution, when the heating of the entire apartment has one input and one output.
| free download Accounting for resources in an apartment building according to the law, Panev S. ,
Since July 2012, the presence of heat meters is mandatory in every apartment building. But, as elsewhere, there is an exception to the rule. These include houses in disrepair and those in which the installation of meters will exceed the amount of heating costs for half a year. In connection with the innovations in the legislation, residents of apartment buildings are interested in many questions.
According to the law “On Energy Saving and Increasing Energy Efficiency” adopted on November 23, 2009, all costs for the purchase, installation and commissioning of a heat energy meter are borne by homeowners. By not privatized apartments All costs are borne by the municipality.
The law also provided for the presence of irresponsible apartment owners. To combat them, resource-saving organizations are allowed to legally recover from them the funds necessary for measures to supply the house with a heat meter. In case of losing the trial, these owners will also pay the legal costs of the organization.
How will installing a heat meter affect your heating bills?
This is one of the main issues that concern residents of apartment buildings. After installing a heat energy meter, the amount of the heating bill will noticeably decrease. However, there is a certain principle of action here.
If there are broken windows in the entrances, the door is constantly open, then, accordingly, the amount in the bills will decrease extremely slightly. It is quite possible that it will remain at the same level or even increase. This is due to the fact that heat is consumed in large quantities and not without reason, because in this case the street is heated. You can avoid this situation by glazing, and even better by installing plastic windows in the entrance. If there is no door, it must be installed and constantly closed during the cold season, keeping the heat inside the house.
AT recent times more and more often there are houses with foam-insulated walls. This is also done to reduce heating costs. Such activities can reduce the amount in the account up to 30%.
Can I install an individual (in my apartment) heat meter?
In almost every apartment building there are malicious non-payers utilities. Quite often there is a practice where the debts of such defaulters are equally divided among all residents of the house. Wanting to avoid such a situation, many subscribers of the heating network are interested in the issue of installing an individual heat energy meter.
Apartment buildings come with two types of heating pipe wiring. In earlier buildings, vertical wiring was used, in which several pipes entered one apartment. Batteries have already been connected to them. With a strong desire, you can install a heat meter in such an apartment, but the catch is that such a device must be on each incoming pipe.
In later buildings, horizontal piping is used, in which only one heating pipe enters the apartment. All radiators in the apartment are looped. In this case, installing the counter is quite simple.
The principle of operation for installing the counter is as follows:
- Obtain permission from the service company.
- Select counter type.
- Draw up a project for connecting the meter.
- Coordinate the prepared project with the Housing Office or the management company.
- Mount, start and seal the counter.
Installation, adjustment and commissioning of the heat energy meter is carried out by specialists qualified in this field. The seal is installed by representatives of the Housing Office or the management company. It is also necessary to sign an act of accepting it for work.
The procedure for calculating heating bills
Another important issue for heating network subscribers is the calculation of the heating bill. There may be several options here:
- There is a common house heat meter, there are no individual ones;
- There is both a common building and an individual heat meter;
- There is a common house meter and individual ones are installed in several apartments.
In the first option, you first need to calculate:
- Price for heating one square meter. To do this, readings for the past month are taken from the common house meter and multiplied by the tariff. Then the resulting figure must be divided by the total area of all residential and non-residential heated premises.
- What share falls on the apartment from common house property. To calculate, you need to multiply the area of entrances, attics, basements by the area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment and divide by the sum of the areas of all apartments and non-residential premises.
Now it remains only to add up the two areas: the apartment and its shares in the property of the house, multiply the resulting number by the amount of the cost of heating per square meter.
In the second option, everything is a little different. In this case, the heating of the apartment itself and its share in the property of the house are paid. From all apartments, meter readings are taken, the data is verified with a common house meter. The resulting difference falls on the share of entrances, attics, basements. It is divided among tenants in proportion to the area of their apartments. Thus, the cost of heating consists of two numbers - the amount of heating of the apartment itself and the amount of the share of non-residential premises (entrances, attics, basements).
In the third option, it is necessary to take readings from all individual heat meters. The received data is summed up and subtracted from the total counter data. The resulting difference is the amount of heat consumed by the rest of the apartments and the total area. To determine the proportion of apartments, you first need to calculate the amount of heat per apartment. To do this, first follow step 1 of the first calculation option. Then multiply the resulting amount by the area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment. After that, follow step 2, multiply the amount received by the cost of heating per square meter. Both of these amounts are payable.
Varieties of counters
Heat meters perform the same function, but differ in installation and maintenance requirements. Residents of the house do not have the right to independently choose which heat meter to install. For this there is a certain principle of action.
Types of counters:
- Tachometric. The principle of its work lies in mechanics. Due to the fact that it does not have electronic devices, it is suitable for use in damp rooms. Plus, it's the cheapest option. Its disadvantage is that when working with water of increased hardness, the filter becomes clogged.
- Electromagnetic is suitable for working in clean water areas. At correct installation and timely qualified service shows the most accurate data. But, in the presence of metal impurities in the water, the device may show inflated numbers.
- The vortex ones are easy to install, show accurate data, and are equipped with a radio interface that helps to quickly find faults in the system. Another plus is the ability to take readings remotely.
- Ultrasonic devices are not the most reliable, as practice shows. Due to poor water quality, such heat meters often break down.
All common house meters are subject to regular checks, which will help to avoid frequent breakdowns and the correct calculation of heating bills.
Heat supply
You can do without a common house heat meter, but it will soon become an expensive pleasure. If your house does not have a meter, then you pay according to the standards. On top of that, you already have multipliers applied to you. Every year they will grow. It is legal. It is spelled out in Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 16, 2013 344. The document says about the following multiplying factors for residential premises without metering devices:
since 2017 1.6.
Let's add, in comparison with the standards, even without a multiplying factor, the payment in apartment buildings with metering devices is still lower. True, savings will not work if the windows are broken in the entrance, the attics are blown through, and there is ice in the basement. According to the norms, the entrance should be at least 12 degrees Celsius. And if there is no access heating, the walls of the apartments begin to “cry”, the temperature drops by 4-5 degrees. It makes no sense to install heat meters in such houses.
Let us recall that initially federal law 261, all apartment buildings with central heating should have been equipped with common house metering devices before July 1, 2012. Then the dates were repeatedly postponed, until 2015. Today, fines in violation of the law threaten management companies, HOAs and housing cooperatives, that is, legal entities. And the residents of such houses will simply pay more for heat.
When the installation of metering devices is not possible
The increasing factor is applied only if it is technically possible to install the meter. There are residential buildings that are exempt from the installation of common house heat meters. Their list is determined by the Ministry of Regional Development of Russia in Order 627 of 12/29/2011.
Installation of metering devices is not possible if this requires:
Reconstruction;
Capital repairs;
Creation of new house systems.
Common house meters are not installed if it is not possible to ensure compliance technical requirements and create conditions for their proper operation.
The reason for this may be:
Emergency state of house systems;
Non-compliance with the temperature regime;
Non-observance of permissible humidity;
Failure to comply with permissible electromagnetic interference;
Inability to provide access for reading and maintenance.
In this case, the managing organization or the HOA should take care of drawing up a special act and provide it to the heat supply organization.
Necessary actions for the installation of general house heat meters
1. General meeting of residents. First of all, the tenants must hold a general meeting and decide on the installation of a meter and the financing of its installation, because the heat metering unit belongs to the common property of an apartment building. 2. Application for technical specifications. The next step is an application to the organization supplying heat to your home. There you will be given the technical conditions that are needed when drafting the project. Without technical conditions, the heat meter readings will not be taken into account in the calculations. The technical conditions indicate the parameters of the heat supply system: configuration, thermal load, maximum flow rates of the coolant, design pressure, temperature graph.
3. Choosing a contractor. Owners need to choose an organization that will prepare a project, install a meter, and deal with warranty and after-sales service. The organization must be licensed.
4. Equipment selection and project development. You can choose a metering device yourself or entrust it to a company with which the residents decide to work. It is necessary to take into account the features of heat meters, efficiency, service life, cost.
5. Project approval. This should be done by the company with which the contract for work on the metering device has been concluded. The company coordinates the project with the heat supply organization.
6. Installation and commissioning. Installation work on the installation of a common house appliance is usually carried out within one day at temperatures not lower than minus ten degrees. After the meter is installed, it is necessary to invite an inspector from the heat supply organization. The inspector inspects and seals the metering unit, draws up an act of admission of the metering unit. The act is signed by the inspector of the heat supply organization and the representative of the owners. Starting next month, payment for heat supply should be charged according to the readings of the meter. And for the previous months - according to the standard, taking into account the increased coefficient.
How to pay for the meter
Heat meters cost a lot. Citizens can choose one of two options: pay immediately (in this case, the tenant will have to pay about 1.5 - 3 thousand rubles), or repay these costs in installments over several years. In this case, several tens or hundreds of rubles will be added to the usual bill for a communal apartment every month, depending on the cost of the meter and the chosen payment term.