Scheme of gas heating in the apartment. Dismantling of the old heating system in the apartment. Dismantling of old heating
A high-quality apartment heating system is one of the conditions for a happy and comfortable life in the city. It allows you to create and maintain an optimal indoor climate even in the most severe winter. In addition to the equipment of the heating system in the apartment, it may be necessary to modernize or install sewerage and water supply systems, which are inextricably linked to each other.
Why residents of city apartments are upgrading the heating system
The objective reality of our life is such that even in new apartment buildings, engineering communications leave much to be desired, not to mention old houses and their battered heating systems. AT poor heating apartments are often not to blame for obsolete or poor-quality equipment of the apartments themselves, but also for the unscrupulous work of public utilities that do not provide residents with sufficient heat during the cold season.
According to statistics, many tenants carry out the equipment of an individual, autonomous system in order not only to provide in the apartment optimal temperature, but also not to depend on whims central heating and also save significant money. Replacement and modernization of the heating system in a city apartment is required if:
- insufficient level of heating of the room;
- deterioration of existing pipes, radiators and other appliances;
- the desire to regulate the heating of the room;
- desire to change interior design.
Coordination during the installation of heating systems in apartment buildings
In most cases, when installing new systems or upgrading old ones, it is required to coordinate the changes made with the utilities of the area. To do this, the draft of the upcoming work is sent to the appropriate authorities. In addition, it is necessary to negotiate with neighbors in the stairwell, to whom the changes may bring any inconvenience.
As additional system to improve heating in apartments without approval, it is allowed to install a "water floor" system. With this system, pipes are mounted in the floor of the premises and connected to common system water supply. For this purpose, pipes of a certain type and high-quality connecting fittings are used. Water floors allow you to save money on heating electrical appliances. Even at low air temperatures in the room itself, it will create a comfortable feeling.
A relatively new type, also not requiring approval, can be considered a baseboard heating system. It is installed around the entire perimeter of the room, 10-15 cm from the floor level. In this case, heat is distributed evenly, and heat supply devices do not spoil the interior. Plinth heat supply is implemented both with the use of a water system and with the use of electricity. There are other options that our experienced consultants can tell you about.
Options for heating systems in the apartment
In order to correctly determine which of the currently existing heating systems is best suited for each individual apartment, it is necessary to have an idea of \u200b\u200bwhich systems exist today. They differ in wiring, which happens:
- single-pipe, when heating devices are connected in series, without the possibility of controlling the temperature of each of them;
- two-pipe, when it is possible to turn off individual radiators in the heating system and control heating;
- beam distribution (collector) each radiator is clogged from a distribution manifold in a plumbing cabinet or boiler room, with the ability to control the heat supply from the manifold.
Photos and diagrams can be viewed at the bottom of the page.
The cost of paying for services will be reduced by installing thermostats that automatically supply only the required amount of heat to the room.
Another option for a heating system in an apartment is heating with radiators and convectors, but the installation of such a system will be difficult, since you will have to focus on specifications devices to correctly determine their number, required power, and so on. To install, you will have to turn off the riser.
The replacement or modernization of heating in the apartment should be approached responsibly and professionally. Please contact us in any case if you decide to change the entire system or its individual components, create heating system with pipe laying, installation of collectors and so on. The specialists of our company will select the equipment, carry out not only its high-quality installation in compliance with SNiP and all project documentation, but also dismantle the old system, prepare the walls, the floor and carry out all the necessary types of work.
Installation of the heating system in the apartment
Heating system installation in a city apartment begins with a thoughtful and professional project, made on the basis of a survey of the premises and taking all measurements. Many factors are taken into account, such as:
- length of the heating system,
- room area,
- building material,
- the number of rooms in the apartment,
- number of windows
- insulation, etc.
The collected data will allow you to correctly select all the necessary components for the heating system, the diameter of the pipes, their material, and so on. The design engineer who will be in charge of your project:
- determine the best option and type of media that will circulate in the heating system of the apartment,
- will decide how to wire, which can be serial or pass through the collector;
- will determine which type of radiators will need to be installed in place of old appliances and will outline all installation locations and the type of bracket holders and so on.
During installation, all necessary cosmetic repairs will be carried out.
Pre-start check of the heating system
Our masters check the autonomous heating system for pressure indicators using special equipment (hydraulic press, etc.), for tightness and pressure, they will test cold water and air. Only after a successful preliminary check will be allowed into the heating system hot water. When replacing pipes and radiators of the centralized heating system, the required check of the utility connection will be carried out in accordance with the established regulations.
High efficiency new system heating
Increase the efficiency of your heating system by insulating pipes to reduce heat loss. In this way, the temperature on the return heating circuit approaches the initial temperature as much as possible. This reduces the costs of the autonomous system.
Installation of heating is a difficult task, and incorrect implementation of the project leads to problems with the onset of the heating season, and to unnecessary expenses. Our masters solve all installation issues at a highly professional level, regardless of the type of system. We give a guarantee for all types of work. The equipment installed by our masters will not leak, will not flood the neighbors and will not require emergency repairs. You can't skimp on installation.
Our company provides all types of services for the equipment of engineering systems in apartments. Order from us the installation and modernization of your heating, water supply or sewerage. Our extensive experience and knowledge of specialists is a guarantee of arranging an economical and most efficient heating system. We will develop a project, select high-quality materials, perform all work on the installation and repair of systems and communications in your apartment.
No matter how technological modern houses In order to maintain a comfortable temperature in a dwelling in winter, a person must artificially compensate for the inevitable heat loss. That is why heating is needed in the apartment. In most countries of the post-Soviet space, the situation with the energy efficiency of the housing stock is still not very good, where, among other things, heavily worn-out systems are operated. When making “European-style repairs” in old buildings, the owners necessarily face the problem of a complete replacement or modernization of heating, almost always it has to be redone by the owners of apartments in new buildings. All activities related to heating are expensive, energy-intensive, and technically complex. Therefore, the customer of the work, who is to replace the heating system in the apartment, should understand the main points.
It is advisable to change the risers in old houses. It is better to agree with the neighbors and do this by passing the overlap
How apartment heating works
Electric, air, and even stove systems are used to heat an apartment, but in apartment buildings, water systems are the most practical and reliable, where water acts as a coolant. It is due to the circulation of the liquid carrier thermal energy transferred from the heat source to the heaters.
This is how a gas boiler is tied in an autonomous heating system
It's important to know. In order for the heating system in the apartment to be effective, it is necessary to ensure not only sufficient water temperature, but also the proper speed of its transportation. To overcome " hydraulic resistance» you need to use pipes of a suitable diameter and from a smooth material, as well as correctly calculate the configuration (the fewer bends, the shorter the system, the better). In the most difficult cases, circulation pumps are used.
What elements make up heating systems in apartments
The design of apartment heating is more complicated than it seems at first glance. The main difference of a well-configured system is its balance, in which the best indicators of efficiency and economy are achieved. Each component is an option, its characteristics must be selected.
Heat source
The source of heat, as a rule, is a centralized heating point. In cases where an autonomous system is implemented, the following applies:
- heating boilers for the apartment (electric, gas, fuel);
- heat exchange units (water is heated by steam or other hotter liquid);
- solid fuel stoves.
The right heat generator must provide both the right temperature and the right pressure. Power is a key indicator of a heat source.
Pipes for heating in the apartment
Pipes provide transportation of heated water, they do not participate in heat transfer, therefore they are insulated. The most important technical indicators of these elements are:
- throughput / cross section,
- resistance to high temperatures,
- pressure resistance.
Now inexpensive polymer products are most often used. They are easy to work with and are resistant to corrosion. There are also fans of copper piping, and steel is slowly becoming a thing of the past.
It's important to know. For installation of heating it is necessary to choose plastic pipes with special reinforcement designed to stabilize the thermal expansion of the material.
Shut-off and control valves
These are taps, split couplings, thermal heads, relief valves, filters, etc. These devices allow you to control the operation of the system and maintain it:
- stop the entire system;
- turn off individual branches and remove devices (radiators, circulation pump);
- locally limit / increase circulation (read: increase or decrease heat transfer in certain rooms);
- clean the coolant.
The thermal head will allow you to lower the temperature in the room at any time and adjust the system as a whole
Heating appliances
They are the main emitters of convective-radiation heat. These are, as a rule, radiators (sectional, panel, tubular). According to the material can be distinguished:
- cast iron,
- aluminum,
- steel,
- bimetallic.
The choice of radiators is carried out, first of all, by power, as well as by working pressure. Additional factors should be considered: thermal inertia, ensuring a given circulation rate, the ability to work with low-quality water.
It's important to know. In centralized systems, the level of electromechanical and electrochemical corrosion is very high, therefore steel radiators under such conditions is not the best option.
To obtain stable convection, radiators are placed under windows. They can not be covered with window sills and heavy curtains.
coolant
The heat carrier in centralized heating systems is water. For local heating, antifreeze is often used, which is difficult to freeze in pipes, and which does not form scale, which excludes corrosion.
To understand how heating is calculated in an apartment, you need to know the golden formula: the calorific value of the system must fully compensate for the heat loss of the building in winter period(1 kW per 10 m 2 is almost always enough). This will be both the power of the boiler and the total power of the radiators.
How to choose a heating configuration in an apartment building
In most cases, there is no choice. If a single-pipe stand-alone system is used in a typical house, then installing heating in an apartment during repairs will consist in replacing pipes and selecting new radiators of the required capacity. But autonomous, as well as apartment systems (when pipes are connected not to common risers, but to individual outlets on each floor), often allow for a more flexible approach to design.
It's important to know. Apartment heating has its pros and cons. The advantages include: variability of the system (type of components, wiring diagram), the ability to turn off apartments from heating separately (for example, for repairs), ease of temperature control and heat accounting. There are very few drawbacks, the main one is that it is possible to cool the walls if the heating is not turned on in the neighboring uninhabited apartment. Autonomous systems have a similar set of positive characteristics, only sometimes homeowners are faced with a difficult to resolve question - how to turn off the heating in the apartment.
Optimal schemes piping layouts are considered in each specific case individually, they are classified according to several key criteria.
- Depending on the method of connecting the radiators, the heating of the apartment will be:
- one-pipe,
- two-pipe.
- According to the location of the pipelines, the wiring happens:
- top,
- lower,
- horizontal,
- vertical.
- According to the nature of the movement of the coolant, the heating schemes of an apartment building are divided into:
- passing,
- dead ends.
A variant of the autonomous heating scheme. Pay attention to the gradation of the pipe section
It's important to know. In many cases, various combinations of schemes perform best.
Replacing heating is a very difficult task and it is most difficult for those who decide to make heating in an apartment with their own hands. Even if you entrust the design to professionals, it still remains great amount purely practical "trifles" for installation, which are known only to specialists. Cold batteries in the back room are not the worst thing that can happen. The main thing is not to arrange a man-made disaster in a single entrance.
Video: do-it-yourself heating in an apartment
Many urban apartments today have central heating. It just so happened that the main housing stock in our cities is included in the service sector of public utilities. First of all, this applies to the issues of providing heat supply to city apartments in heating season. The quality of the centralized heat supply system to consumers has always left much to be desired. The reason lies in the inefficiency of the existing service order. In addition, the rise in energy prices makes people look for alternative ways to heat their own homes.
Many apartment owners are trying to switch to autonomous heating of the apartment. What difficulties do you have to face in this case and how to make heating with your own hands - these are the main issues that concern our citizens today. Let's try together to solve the problem, to find answers to urgent questions.
Obtain permission to disable
The desire of residents to improve heating own apartment in cold period natural, if we take into account in our homes and what kind of expenses you have to bear for a communal apartment. At first glance, everything is simple. There is money, take and install a boiler at home and heat it as you please. But there is one significant "but". In our country, the independence of citizens, even in terms of managing their property, has its limitations. We are forced to heat our own housing using the services of public utilities. Any attempt to change the order of life support for a city apartment runs into obstacles from the state.
Energy companies are monopolists in the heat supply market, and the state helps them in this by artificially limiting the ability of citizens to switch to autonomous sources of energy supply. A do-it-yourself heating system in an apartment is most often the result of a grueling struggle between residents and regulatory authorities. The whole problem is how to get permission to disconnect from the district heating. Existing technical standards do not allow you to independently, without permission, obtain the right to autonomous heating of a city apartment, even despite the fact that the Civil Code of the Russian Federation does not directly prohibit such actions for homeowners and the owner of the apartment has the right to refuse the services of a centralized heating system at any time. heat supply.
Important! Unauthorized shutdown of elements of the in-house heating system is prosecuted by law and refers to administrative offenses. Article 7.21 of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Violations gives a clear idea of the responsibility of tenants in this regard.
To organize independent heating of your apartment with your own hands means at the initial stage only one thing. You will have to independently seek official permission to turn off the central heating. Already at this stage, you need to decide which type of home heating is best for you.
On a note: in high-rise buildings (more than 9 floors) there is no centralized gas supply in order to increase the safety of the operation of housing facilities. Therefore, gas heating is acceptable mainly for residents of old apartment buildings, where there is a centralized supply of domestic gas.
What to use heating, gas or electricity - you decide. The main thing is that the project meets the necessary building codes and safety standards.
The project must contain all the necessary technical parameters of heating devices, a plan and diagram of their connection, as well as detailed hydraulic calculations. Only after all bureaucratic issues have been resolved can one directly deal with technical side question.
Dismantling of old heating
Having dealt with energy company and having received permission to turn off, you can proceed to the next stage - dismantling the piping system and radiators of the house system in the apartment. In this situation, without help management company or housing office is indispensable. It is necessary to coordinate with these services the procedure for disconnecting the apartment from the internal heat supply communications. Only then can dismantling begin.
In the process of work, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the sequence, cutting out exactly those nodes and elements of the system that correspond to the scheme. Otherwise, in case of violation of the heat supply to other apartments, you will have to answer not only for wrecking under the law, but also bear the financial costs associated with paying a fine. It will be necessary to restore damaged house communications at your own expense.
Work should begin with the dismantling of the main wiring elements. To give integrity to the central heating circuit, which is now useless for you, it is better to replace the riser by inserting a new steel pipe of the same diameter instead of the old pipe. Having isolated from the central heating supply, proceed to dismantle the old pipelines and turn off heating appliances. Having isolated from the central heating supply, proceed with dismantling and shutting down.
For reference! There is a mandatory rule. It is strongly not recommended to use old wiring and radiators for new heating systems. Inconsistency of technical parameters, large contamination can lead to technological violations during the operation of autonomous heating.
Overview of the necessary equipment for an autonomous heating system
Gas or electricity. What's better
Do-it-yourself heating installation begins with a study of the project. All work must be carried out in strict accordance with the technical documentation. Changing the method of heating an apartment on the go, installing a boiler with a larger capacity than indicated in the project and increasing the number of radiators is fraught with trouble.
Retreat: During the test run of the finished heating system, a heating engineer is always present, who is responsible for the functionality of the new gas equipment. In case of obvious discrepancies between the available equipment and the technical data specified in the project, you may be denied an official conclusion on the commissioning gas heating into operation.
Therefore, decide what is best for you - gas heating or electric, which heating appliances must be installed in advance. The following requirements must be taken into account:
- coordination of project documentation with an energy company supplying gas or electricity;
- with gas heating equipment, it will be necessary to install coaxial chimney outside;
- in the case of electric heating, it will be necessary to re-equip the home electrical wiring, install a three-phase meter and circuit breakers;
- apartments equipped gas boilers, need to install supply and exhaust ventilation;
- direct connection of the boiler to the pipeline, carrying out start-up work is carried out by an authorized person, a representative of the gas distribution organization.
How to properly connect heating equipment, how to install a boiler and start the entire heating system in accordance with established standards, it is better to contact specialists for these and other issues.
It will be appropriate to recall that the choice in favor of electric heating will not give you advantages and real savings. Heating an apartment directly with electricity is an expensive pleasure. Only when installing a multi-tariff meter will you be able to achieve a tangible economic effect. Often, restrictions on the operation of electric heating impose a set limit on consumption. Overexpenditure of electricity will lead to unforeseen expenses for light, to a deterioration in the temperature regime.
Gas boiler. What are the options?
Having decided for yourself the cardinal question - the apartment will have gas heating, start with an assessment of the heating equipment market. Here it is necessary to take into account not only heat losses, but also the limited area of \u200b\u200bthe apartment, the number of inhabitants and their own domestic needs.
When choosing the type of heating boiler, make the main emphasis on the wall-mounted model. Today, the market for such equipment is quite widely represented. You can always choose both a gas and an electric boiler of the appropriate power. You should not immediately grab onto models with high power. For a city apartment, you can get by with a 6-10 kW boiler. An approximate calculation applies here - 1 kW of thermal energy is needed to heat 10 m 2 of living space with average thermal characteristics of the walls .. To this figure, you can add 10-15% for heat losses.
On a note: the power of heating boilers is taken literally - without any allowances and coefficients, since modern models have high efficiency.
Acquisition of a dual-circuit gas boiler- the best option to get real independence from central heating and hot water. How to make heating in an apartment with your own hands using electricity, the answer is simple - you can use wall-mounted heating units with heating elements.
On a note: installation of electric boilers equipped with induction or electrode heaters will require additional installation equipment and control panel.
You can install a warm floor in the apartment, but in this case the best option will not be electric, but a water floor. This method of heating is very convenient, since a water-heated floor can be connected to the main heating circuit.
Mounting. Step by step guide to action
The wiring can be carried out with both metal and plastic pipes.
Making plastic heating with your own hands is much easier and easier than working with steel pipes and valves.
The latter option looks preferable, since it does not require welding, everything is done neatly and quickly. Polypropylene pipes are durable and not subject to internal corrosion. Do-it-yourself heating from plastic pipes is much easier than working with steel pipes.
In the event that the boiler is equipped with a circulation pump, a small two-room apartment the best option would be a one-pipe heating system, in which the number of radiators does not exceed 4-5 pcs.
The diagram shows that for single pipe system ideal is to connect radiators diagonally. In this case, the coolant will be in full contact with the entire inner surface of the batteries.
For apartments with a larger living area, you need to use a two-pipe system, and if you plan to connect a warm floor and a hot water supply system, you will also need a double-circuit boiler. The heating efficiency of all radiators in an apartment with a two-pipe system is higher than with a single-circuit one. With a two-pipe heating system in an apartment, the lower wiring and the corresponding type of radiator connection are usually used. On the diagram you can see how the pipes are located in the apartment, how the batteries are connected and how the hot water supply is organized in the house. The circuit made of plastic pipes can be easily replaced or reconfigured if necessary.
Important! Installation of plastic heating systems is carried out only using reinforced polypropylene pipes. Unlike ordinary plastic pipes, such material is not subject to large linear expansion under the influence of high coolant temperature.
The pipe can be reinforced with fiberglass or aluminum foil. Thanks to this design, reinforced polypropylene pipes able to withstand high pressure(up to 25 atm.) and significant heating, in the range of 70-90 0 C. Pipes reinforced with fiberglass have a higher linear expansion and a tendency to bend under the influence of high temperature. Therefore, it is very important for them to pay increased attention to compensating for thermal elongations.
To ensure the possibility of disconnecting each radiator separately, it is necessary to equip them with shut-off valve and thermostats, with which it will be possible to regulate the temperature of heating in the room.
Initially, decide which type of radiator suits you. Cast iron radiators more reliable, however, this type is characterized by high cost and bulkiness of the design itself. Bimetallic radiators are most widely used today in heating systems. The combination of steel and aluminum gives high performance characteristics this material. Steel is able to withstand high pressure in the system, and aluminum has excellent heat dissipation.
Low price, high manufacturability and ease of installation provide bimetallic radiators with high popularity. Batteries are mounted on brackets that are mounted directly into the walls. Optimal location installation of a radiator in an apartment - under the window, at a distance of no more than 10-12 cm from the windowsill and at the same distance from the floor. The distance between the panels and the rear wall of the radiator must not be less than 5 cm.
On a note: you should not install heating radiators on walls adjacent to neighboring apartments. In such a case, the connected radiator will heat you and your neighbors. You will pay for heating your neighbors out of your own pocket.
The type of connection of radiators to pipes is up to you. There are four options for connecting batteries to the pipeline:
- diagonal or cross;
- unilateral;
- bottom;
- single-pipe.
The diagram shows all four connection options with all the ensuing consequences.
Conclusion
Having completed the basic work on wiring and connecting radiators in the apartment, you can begin to connect the system to heat-generating equipment. You can adjust the operation of the boiler in the presence of a specialist from gas service. In his presence, it is necessary to check the operation of the gas boiler in all modes, to adjust the operation of the automation.
The video explains in detail how everything can be done with your own hands.
As a rule, in most apartments, the heating systems have not been changed for several decades and are in a deplorable state. And if you want to increase the efficiency of the heating system of your apartment, then you should think about modernizing it. To independently replace the old heating in your apartment, you will need to complete only four points:
1. Coordinate the execution of work with the local housing office;
2. Dismantle the old heating in the apartment;
3. Install new heating radiators;
4. Connect pipes to all radiators.
Coordination of heating works
Since the replacement of heating in an apartment is a very responsible matter and can and can affect the heating system of the whole house, it is necessary to warn the housing office about the work being done. This does not mean that you can call their office and say: "I will change the heating in my apartment." You will have to fill out all the required forms and applications. Thus, the Housing Office relieves itself of all responsibility. After that, the housing office plumbers will block the riser, in case there is water in the heating system. Most likely, you will have to pay for this “complicated procedure”. I think it’s not worth talking about the fact that the installation of apartment heating needs to be done during the inter-heating season!?
Dismantling the old heating system in the apartment
After you have received all the necessary permissions, we proceed directly to the dismantling of the old system.
Work begins with the dismantling of the riser pipe. For a long time of its service, most likely the riser pipe is clogged with rust and other deposits. Therefore, by replacing this section of the pipe with a new one, you will only improve the circulation of water in the system. And since you change it anyway, you can take care of hiding it in the wall, thereby taking care of the overall harmony in the apartment. It would be more expedient to replace the riser in such a way that there are no sections of the old pipe left in the interfloor overlap, this will prevent leaks in the future. To do this, you will have to cut the riser from the sides of the upper and lower floors, having previously agreed with the neighbors. When already changing the heating system, it is best to use modern plastic pipes, they are more reliable and durable. To connect the old metal pipe system and a new plastic one, we will use a coupling connection. To do this, we cut the thread on the pipe, use the MFP tape to seal and wind the coupling.
Connection and installation of heating radiators
First of all, you need to decide on the type of radiators that will be used in the heating system of your apartment.
The most popular are steel and cast iron batteries due to their low cost and practicality. This type of radiator is resistant to corrosion, frequent and sharp pressure drops in the centralized heating system of the house. But if the goal is not worth saving Money on the installation of the heating system of the apartment, then you can use more modern radiators, made with modern material and are called - bimetallic radiators. Radiators of this type have all the advantages of both cast iron and metal, but at the same time, due to the unique top coating, they have greater heat dissipation. But as we have already said, today prices for bimetallic radiators are significantly higher than their counterparts.
Aluminum radiators also have good heat dissipation, but their use is not desirable due to its peculiarity of a centralized heating system, or rather, frequent and large pressure drops in the system. Such pressure surges can simply break aluminum battery heating. Another specific feature of the centralized heating system in apartments is the increased acidity of the water. This is done for periodic cleaning of pipes using special tools.
Heating radiators are mounted using brackets. It is not necessary, because of some personal beliefs, to change the location of heating radiators. If the room has a window or several, a radiator must be installed under each of them. This arrangement of radiators is not determined for someone's whim. The heat flow from the radiators rises up by itself, forming a kind of wall that does not allow the cold from the window to penetrate into the apartment.
When installing the radiator, it is necessary to check that it is at a distance of no more than 13 centimeters from the floor and 11 centimeters from the window sill, and it is also necessary that there is a gap of 5 centimeters between the wall and the radiator.
Connecting heating pipes to radiators
As in the case of radiators, so with pipes, it is necessary to determine the type of pipes for the future apartment heating system. In addition to the old proven steel pipes more modern plastic, but no less reliable pipes appeared. Very often, I faced the issue of choosing between metal-plastic or propylene pipes. So, in terms of their characteristics and prices, they are approximately the same, so it's up to you. I can say that the installation of polypropylene pipes is a little easier. You can read more about choosing pipes for heating in our previous article entitled: "".
Connection options for heating radiators:
1. One way connection;
2. Cross connection;
3. Bottom connection;
4. Single pipe connection.
Radiator connection diagrams
Among all the options for connecting heating radiators, the most effective is a one-way connection. With this connection option, a prerequisite is the installation of a shut-off and control pipe. This is necessary to regulate the temperature of the radiator and, if necessary, to turn off the radiator for repair or replacement. In the heating system high-rise building it is very important that, together with the shut-off and control pipe, there is a jumper between the supply and return pipes.
If you are already changing the heating system in the apartment, then it is better to immediately mount the pipes in the walls. But for this you will have to study the process of gating walls. Let me tell you, there is nothing complicated about it. Since we use plastic pipes, we also need pipe insulation. This will prevent condensation on the pipes and allow them to "play" in the wall. As we know, the material tends to expand when heated, and the foam insulation perfectly compensates for this shortcoming.
That's all you need to do to install the heating system in the apartment with your own hands.
DIY gas heating system
Popular:
Connecting heating radiators: wiring diagrams, battery installation
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AT recent times more and more people are abandoning district heating and switching to, as it is much more profitable and efficient. It is quite possible to make heating in the apartment with your own hands. Typically, gas convection boilers are used, from which radiators are discharged. How does this look like heating system can be seen in the photo.
Own heating in an apartment can be different, but as for the water system, there are three options: one-pipe and two-pipe wiring, "warm floor". There are also combined options, they are also quite effective. But radiators are the most popular, because they are the most familiar.
Differences between one-pipe and two-pipe systems
The two-pipe heating system is considered the most reliable, since heat losses are minimal. This is exactly what the device of the heating system of an apartment building is. The coolant, which is water, comes from the supply pipe to the radiator, and from it returns to the "return". Pipes can be located in different ways - pass in pairs, near the floor, under the batteries. There is also an option when the supply pipe is located on top of the radiator.The one-pipe system looks different. In this case, the water entering the radiator returns to the same pipe, but it already has a lower heating temperature (read also: ""). Thus, the farther from the beginning of the system the battery is located, the less it will warm up, since by the time the coolant reaches it, it will have time to cool down in other devices. Such a system is suitable for two or three medium-sized radiators, in extreme cases, this number can be increased to five, but the heating efficiency will decrease from this. One-pipe practically does not occur, since in this situation it is absolutely ineffective.
Single pipe systems may or may not have a bypass. This jumper makes it possible to dismantle the radiator without turning off the circulation of the coolant - you just need to turn off the taps in front of the battery. If there is no bypass, then when the device is removed, the circuit breaks, and the water circulation stops. According to this scheme, coolant is often supplied to heated towel rails in multi-storey buildings.
If all the rooms in the apartment are located along the same line, then installing a heating system in a single-pipe type apartment does not make sense, since the pipe will need to be turned back to the boiler (read: ""). In this case, it is better to use a two-pipe scheme. You can see how the schemes of the heating device look like in the photo.
To install a heating system in an apartment, you will need:
- gas boiler;
- pipes made of propylene or metal-plastic;
- direct-flow radiator valve;
- ball valves;
- expansion membrane tank with a capacity of 18 liters;
- circulation pump;
- check valve;
- thermostatic valve;
- security group;
- Mayevsky valves;
- radiators;
- futorki or plugs;
- ball valve for draining water;
- thermostatic heads.
If the supply and return pipes are made of polypropylene, then their diameter should be 32 mm. The taps to the radiators can have a diameter of 20 millimeters. Experts are recommended to use not only polypropylene pipes, but also taps, as they are more durable than metal ones (read also: "").
Heating radiators and their calculation
Many people know in general terms how heating is arranged in apartment building. It is very common to see cast-iron batteries connected to a centralized system in apartments. These radiators are not suitable. They have too much capacity, so you have to heat a lot of water. And besides, cast iron also warms up for a long time. Therefore, when using cast iron batteries there will be an overexpenditure of gas, and as a result, large financial costs.When repairing heating in an apartment, you should pay attention to radiators made of other materials. Experts recommend installing modern batteries made of steel, aluminum or bimetal (read: ""). All of them are suitable for low pressure in the heating system (this is typical for small water circuits), and also withstand high temperature. If necessary, you can even combine radiators and a “warm floor” system in one scheme.
As for how to improve the heating in the apartment, it is recommended to install aluminum radiators. But they are quite difficult to operate (read: ""). With an increased content of alkalis in the water, it is necessary to add neutralizers to the system. It is also unacceptable to get copper into the circuit, since the interaction of this metal with aluminum leads to their oxidation, and, accordingly, to destruction. In addition, aluminum radiators are not affordable for everyone.
Before buying radiators, you need to calculate desired power and number of sections. If the question arises of how to make heat in the apartment, then this stage should be given special attention.
To calculate the number of sections in the radiator, you can use the Sx100 / P formula if the ceiling height is no more than 3 meters. The area of the room is indicated by the letter S, and the rated power of one section is P. Typically, the power of a section is 180-200 watts. The number 100 is the required amount of watts per square meter area. The result is denoted, for example, by the letter K.
You can see how to calculate the number of sections in the radiator using this formula. For example, the area of the room is 20 "squares". The battery power is 185 watts. The result is: K=Sx100/P=20x100/185=10.81. But the number of sections cannot be fractional, so the resulting number is rounded up. As a result, it turns out that the radiator should consist of 11 sections (read also: "").
If the do-it-yourself apartment heating system involves the use panel radiators, which are not divided into sections, then use a different formula for calculations. In this case, you will have to calculate the power and size of the batteries. The formula looks like this: P \u003d Vx41. The initial power is indicated by the letter P, the volume of the room is V. The number 41 is the number of watts required to heat one "square" of area.
For an example of calculations, you can take a room with a height of 2.7 meters and an area of 15 "squares". So V=2.7x15=40.5. Now it is worth calculating the power of the radiator. The resulting formula is as follows: P=Vx41=40.5x41=1660.5. Since there are no heating devices of such power, it is worth choosing a radiator with indicators of 1.5 kW.
After completing the calculations, you can buy radiators. The distribution of heating in the apartment should take place according to a well-designed scheme.
How to make heating on your own, a detailed video:
Polypropylene welding
Experts advise using polypropylene pipes. For wiring, a pipe reinforced with aluminum foil with a diameter of 20 and 32 mm is used.Polypropylene is heated at a temperature of 280-300 degrees, the pipe and fitting are held on the hot nozzle for 5-6 seconds. Then these parts are removed and connected to each other by insertion. After fixing, they are held for another 5 seconds.
There is nothing complicated in how to conduct heating in an apartment. You just need to carefully study the scheme of the heating system and follow it clearly.