How to make heating from the stove. Preparation for the manufacture of a cannon for an open heater. The optimal scheme for furnace heating
Wood-fired boiler for heating
In the age of unprecedented advances in science, it is already difficult to imagine that someone, somewhere else, heats a room with firewood. However, they are still not forgotten, and even today they are not at all uncommon. True, today these are no longer old Russian stoves, and not even their elegant tiled counterparts.
Most modern ones combine two components - a traditional, centuries-old source of energy - simple firewood and a steam heating system that came into use relatively recently - just some 100-150 years ago.
To a city dweller, of course, this may seem like a relic of a long past. But in many villages and dachas, boilers are still used to heat a wood-fired house. And given the growing demand for all natural, and in cottage settlements more and more to be found solid fuel boilers. And it's not about the high efficiency and high heat transfer of this heating method. It’s just that in the minds of many there is a strong association of an open flame wood stove with a sense of calm, comfort and security.
And in those places of our boundless Motherland, where the main gas pipeline has not yet reached, wood-burning boilers, in fact, are the only way to organize steam heating.
The design of a solid fuel boiler
The design of a wood-fired boiler is nothing new. On the contrary, it was in his image and likeness that the familiar to many of us since childhood was once created. geyser and her "big brother" is a gas boiler. Only instead gas burner in wood boilers the flame of the burning solid fuel, which can be used not only for firewood, but also for any of their substitutes - peat, coal and even combustible household waste.
As in a gas column, a radiator is placed above the combustion chamber, usually made of a heat-resistant pipe twisted in a spiral. The pipe is connected to closed circuit steam heating and at the request of the owners to the hot water system.
Wood-burning heating boiler and its operation scheme
The effect of this simple device is obvious. Water enters the boiler, passing through the heat exchanger, heats up and is fed to the outlet - through a pipe to the batteries. Water supply and pressure in the system is regulated by taps.
Unlike gas, coal and firewood do not burn without a trace. Even in the most efficient furnaces, they still leave ash, which accumulates in a special container - an ash pan. It is located under the stove and is separated by a heat-resistant grate. From time to time, the ash from the ash pan must be poured out. Otherwise, it will accumulate so much that there will be nowhere to put firewood.
A little about firewood
Let's talk now about fuel - about firewood. When planning the installation of a wood-burning boiler, it is necessary to take care of both compliance with a huge number of fire regulations and guidelines, and the supply of firewood for a certain period. You are not going to follow them into the forest every day! You should also think about a place to store them, protected from direct moisture.
Usually, firewood is harvested for the winter and stored in a utility room or in the yard under a canopy. The required amount is determined empirically. It depends on many factors:
- climate conditions
- the thickness of the walls and the material from which your home is built
- its heated area
- your personal feelings of microclimate comfort
Wood-fired boilers
In places remote from the gas pipeline, solid fuel boilers are used not only in living conditions but also on an industrial scale. Industrial boilers for burning solid fuels differ from household ones in size and greater automation of the process.
So, the amount of fuel, water temperature and pressure level in the pipe are monitored by special sensors connected to the built-in processor. Often the same processor controls the automated fuel supply. With the help of indicators, it notifies you about the degree of filling of the ash container. Automation of the process, having reduced energy losses, allowed to maximize the efficiency of the boiler, as well as to minimize the consumption of combustible material and the amount of waste.
It makes no sense to talk about the advantages and disadvantages that wood heating has. Their use is resorted to as a forced measure in the absence of gas. There is no longer a choice. In case when wood heating- the whim of the designer, again, comparisons are unnecessary. Must means must.
In general, wood heating is more troublesome and costly than gas heating. But nothing warms the soul like the crackling of dry firewood in the stove and the sight of an open flame over the firewood.
Steam heating from a wood stove is the most reliable and cheapest scheme for heating a home without a central gas supply. By installing a heat exchanger in the furnace, you get a cheap heat generating unit that absorbs the most affordable fuel - firewood, coal, tori.
At the same time, such a boiler will work much longer than any gas or solid fuel unit.
Example of steam heating from a wood stove
Advantages of furnaces-boilers
Equipping steam heating in a private house from a stove, you get several advantages at once, namely:
- Conditionally free boiler - the stove itself will act as a heat-generating unit, into the furnace of which the “water jacket” of the heat exchanger will be immersed.
- Absolutely free heat accumulator - the same furnace will play this role, accumulating heat no worse than a storage tank with water.
- Possibility to use the cheapest (after natural gas) fuel - firewood, as well as coal, peat or pellets.
- Substantial fuel savings . A stove for steam heating a house consumes much less wood or coal than an ordinary one. heating device. After all, batteries will warm up the room much faster than a classic stove or fireplace.
In a word, such a heating scheme promises quite tangible benefits. Therefore, every owner of such a heat generating unit should think about the possible transformation of a standard furnace into a boiler.
Disadvantages of furnaces-boilers
- The lack of the possibility of "fine" temperature control in the house . More precisely, there is such an opportunity, but it is available only to experienced "stokers" who are able to regulate the combustion process by dosing "portions" of firewood or coal. A novice user runs the risk of "overheating" the room by raising the temperature in the house to 30-35 degrees Celsius.
- High probability of smoke in the room . Violation bandwidth chimney, raw firewood, high pressure- all these factors will affect the light transmission of air in your home. Simply put: your stove will smoke "into the room" like a steam locomotive. And it is sometimes very difficult to eliminate smoke.
- Insufficient level of security . Any stove should be heated only in the personal presence or under the supervision of household members. That is, you will not be able to throw a melted stove and go somewhere. After all, the risk of fire in this case increases by almost an order of magnitude.
The principle of operation of steam heating connected to the furnace
In a word, boiler stoves have disadvantages, but they do not differ from the “minuses” of classic stoves or fireplaces. Therefore, the owners of such heat generating units practically do not notice them.
Simply put: if you already had a stove, then you will only benefit from the stove-boiler.
How to convert a furnace into a boiler?
Almost nothing. Such a heat generating unit will have to be built from scratch. After all, the integration of the heat exchanger into the furnace will end with a violation of air circulation in the chimney.
Simply put: you will lose draft and, as a result, you will begin to receive a stable "dose" of smoke and soot into the room during each kindling.
How to make a furnace-boiler?
Very simple - for this you need to lay out the first layers of brick, rising above the level of the blower, and lay a pre-prepared heat exchanger on the support. After that, you just have to overlay the water jacket with bricks, forming a firebox, and go to the chimney zone. Borovok and chimney are built according to the "classical" scheme.
Experienced stove builders do not recommend building a stove with an internal heat exchanger based on an ordinary masonry scheme. When arranging such heat generating units, they use special schemes designed to integrate a hollow metal structure (heat exchanger) into the furnace
Where can I get a heat exchanger?
A shirt for a boiler-furnace can be purchased from specialized companies that "rivet" such metal structures in small batches. In this case, a specific type of heat exchanger is chosen according to the displacement or the area of the outer surface of the metal structure. After all, the thermal power of the future "boiler" depends precisely on these parameters.
Jacket for boiler-furnace
In addition, you can “assemble” a water jacket for a furnace with your own hands using drawings downloaded from the network and a welding machine. Thermal power in this case, you can "peep" in the specification or comments on the drawings.
When choosing a heat exchanger, remember that at 1 square meter the area of your home will have to “give away” at least 0.120 kW of thermal power. That is, for a house of 80 "squares" you need a 9.5-10 kW heat exchanger.
How is the distribution of steam heating from the furnace arranged?
Such a scheme of steam heating from the furnace is equipped as follows:
- From pressure pipe heat exchanger, a vertical branch of the pipeline rises, turning into a horizontal one at the very ceiling.
- At the junction of the vertical and horizontal branches of the pressure pipe, a tee cuts in, which is used to connect an open expansion tank. This drive is located behind the ceiling - in the attic.
- The horizontal branch of the pressure pipe stretches to the first battery, at a slope of 2 centimeters per 1 meter of pipeline. Moreover, above the radiator, the horizontal again turns into a vertical, which ends at the upper battery fitting.
- From the upper fitting of the first battery to the corresponding "connector" of the next radiator, a connecting pipe is thrown, the diameter of which matches the dimensions of the pressure branch of the wiring.
- The lower "connectors" of the first and second radiators are "connected" with the same pipe. At the same time, a plug is screwed into the free branch pipe (under the pressure pipe inlet).
- The second battery is connected to the third according to the same principle, stretching a double line from radiator to radiator to the extreme position.
The height difference between the previous and subsequent battery should be at least 15-20 millimeters per meter of the pipe connecting the radiators.
- The last (before the furnace) radiator "accepts" the upper and lower pipes from the penultimate one from one edge. On the other hand, a tube is screwed into the lower branch pipe of the last battery, connecting it to the return pipe of the heat exchanger in the furnace. A Mayevsky tap is screwed into the free upper pipe of the extreme battery - with its help, air is bled from the wiring.
- Pressure equipment is mounted between the furnace and the extreme battery - in the return line of the wiring, using a standard bypass for pumps.
Wiring arranged in this way supports both forced and natural circulation coolant. Simply put: your stove will heat your house with radiators even if there is no electricity in the socket. That is, by acting in this way, you will achieve complete energy autonomy of the home heating system.
Probably, stoves in our harsh climatic region began to be built into houses from the very beginning of their appearance. Without their warmth, it would be simply impossible to survive in winter. Much later, the idea of steam heating of houses arose, and stoves were also quite suitable for this. By integrating them into the circuit, it became possible to heat significantly larger volumes than using the classical method of use.
But to be implemented in practice, such a system must be carefully planned. If you decide to develop a stove for your home, then you need to know its features in detail, without taking into account which, you can do great harm to yourself and your property.
Advantages and disadvantages
For the operation of the system, it is possible to either re-equip an existing furnace or build a new one. In any case, it is necessary to mount a heat exchanger in it. All other parts of the steam heating circuit are located outside the furnace. When working in the house, the following events will occur:
- Firewood, burning, warms up the heat exchange capacity of the furnace.
- The water in it boils - steam is generated.
- It reaches the radiators through the pipe and heats them up, while at the same time it cools down.
- As it cools, the steam condenses and turns back into water.
- It flows down the return pipe into the collection tank, and from it back into the furnace.
What are the benefits of heating a house that works according to the described scheme? Furnace option steam system provides the following benefits:
- good heat dissipation, as well as a high heating rate of radiators;
- small dimensions constituent parts(except for the oven itself, but often it is already there, and nothing can be done about it);
- cheapness, both of the system itself and of fuel (however, the latter is not true for all regions - firewood can be inexpensively stocked up only near the corresponding forest areas);
- immunity to freezing (it is possible to use the system from time to time, while when filling the circuits with heat transfer fluid, this mode of operation will lead to damage to pipes and equipment).
But the furnace implementation of steam heating can also deliver certain inconveniences. They boil down to these points:
- high temperature of radiators and pipes;
- high noise level during operation;
- the impossibility of setting the temperature;
- manual control and monitoring (to ensure the optimal mode of operation, it will still be necessary to adapt);
- smoke as a by-product of the furnace.
The first inconvenience carries a potential danger, especially if there are animals or children in the house. In order to avoid sad consequences, it is required to shield the corresponding surfaces with insulating materials. The second inconvenience can be smoothed out with the help of special noise-reducing brackets, using them during the installation of heaters.
If possible, the stove should also be located in a non-residential area (separately). It is almost impossible to deal with the third inconvenience - for steam heating it is simply a given. Similarly, for the oven, the given is what is indicated in the fifth paragraph. The fourth inconvenience becomes imperceptible with the accumulation of some operating experience.
The optimal scheme for furnace heating
In order to best adapt the energy released by burning wood to the needs of steam heating, you should choose the most suitable scheme for this purpose. This seems to be, firstly, closed, and secondly, two-pipe system. Indeed, for an open circuit, it is required to place heaters above the steam generator (that is, the stove), and this hardly seems convenient, unless of course you plan to heat only the attic from the whole house. The schema will look something like this:
- from the outlet of the heat exchange capacity of the furnace, steam is directed first along the vertical section of the pipe (up to the ceiling), then along the horizontal section covering the perimeter of the building;
- radiators are located in the appropriate places of the premises, to which steam descends along vertical outlets cut into a horizontal pipe;
- the second horizontal pipeline, covering the perimeter along the floor, collects through the lower vertical outlets the steam that has done its job in the radiators, but already in the form of a liquid;
- water, accumulating in a collection tank (which can be open or closed), must then return through the pipe to the heat exchange tank of the furnace, and this is usually helped by circulation pump.
In order for the implementation of a furnace-based system to be successful, it is necessary to select the connecting materials taking into account their resistance to high temperatures. Metal products are best suited for this. Plastic pipes are fraught with use. The assembly of the circuit is carried out approximately in the following sequence:
- we build a heat exchanger into the oven;
- install radiators in the intended places of the rooms;
- we lay pipes according to the marked scheme and connect the stove with radiators with them, not forgetting to provide for shut-off and other valves;
- we install a collection tank and, immediately before returning to the heat exchange tank, a pump.
The considered option of steam heating is not the easiest to implement, but quite convenient for those who are not too lazy to delve into the technology of its installation and operation. Due attention to detail in the manufacture and assembly of components will ensure a high-quality and long service life of the system.
A homemade steam generator, or as it is called a steam gun, can perform the function additional equipment for a sauna stove, or it can be a separate device. Most often, such a device is used in a bath, sauna or hammam to produce soft and healing steam, which is created by adding aromatic herbs. The steam generator can be purchased at a specialized store, or you can do it yourself.
Steam generator or steam gun - description, device, principle of operation, types
The healing properties of steam have been known for a long time, as it can have a healing effect on the human body, if used in the optimal amount and at a certain temperature. If such a device is installed in the bath, then there is no need to regularly pour water on the stones in order for the required volume of steam to form in the steam room. Also, thanks to the steam gun, water is significantly saved. It does not take up much space, is easy to assemble and does not require a lot of expensive materials to create it.
Steam gun for sauna stoves
Device
A traditional steam generator is a device that is equipped with an electric heating element. By the principle of operation, it resembles a conventional electric kettle. We pour water into the steam generator, turn on the heater, the liquid boils and steam is formed. The lid of the device is equipped with a special valve with which you can independently adjust the degree of pressure. As a result, we can independently “create” steam of the required temperature. Steam with a high degree of humidity will create the atmosphere of a traditional Turkish hammam, and hot and dry will make you feel like in a real Russian bath.
The device of the furnace with a bath steam generator
The steam generator can be used in conjunction with a stove - heater. As a result of this “contact”, the steam produced by the device is additionally supplied to the stones for complete heating. Thanks to this scheme, electricity is significantly saved and at the same time the temperature of the stones decreases, the load on the furnace decreases and its service life increases.
If you use a steam generator without a heater, then the cost of electricity will increase significantly, but it will not be necessary to build an expensive large brick oven. In this case, it will only be necessary to choose a heating system for the bath.
The usual "store" steam generator consists of:
- Security sensor.
- Water tanks.
- Pump for the movement of water and steam.
- Preparatory block for water.
- Steam generation unit.
- Control panel.
Outside the device there is an indicator and a display that shows all the information about the operation of the device and its programs.
Species and types
Such devices can have manual and automatic filling of water. Automatic filling provides for the connection of the steam generator to the central water supply. Most modern steam generators are equipped with exactly automatic system, which will itself control the temperature in the steam room. And also they can be ceramic and metal.
There are two types of steam generators:
For a steam room with an area of 10-13 m 3, you can use a steam gun for 8-9 kW. In a room of more than 15 m 3, it is recommended to install appliances for 12 kW. For a small steam room up to 5 m 3, it will be enough to make a steam generator with a power of 5 kW.
Devices that have a power of more than 9kW have a three-phase connection system.
Steam generators can have three types of water heating:
Are there fundamental differences between steam generators for baths, saunas and hammam
Many people are interested in the question, what is the difference between steam generators for a bath, sauna or hammam? Since all three types of structures are intended not only for washing, but also for healing the body, their action is based on the formation of steam. The difference between a bath, a sauna and a hammam is the amount of steam produced, its temperature and humidity level.
Temperature regime of steam rooms of different types:
- The Finnish sauna should have a dry heat - the temperature ranges from 80 to 140 ° C, the humidity level is from 1 to 15%.
- The Turkish hammam must have humid steam - the temperature is maintained at 45°C - the degree of humidity is 100%.
- In a Russian bath, steam should have an optimal humidity level of 50 to 80%, and the temperature should be maintained from 60 to 80 ° C.
The "shop" steam generator, which has many operating modes for generating steam, is suitable for all types of steam rooms. Using the remote control, you can set temperature regime steam and its volume. Typically, such devices allow you to select temperatures up to 95°C. Also, steam generators for industrial use are equipped with special built-in programs that can independently create a certain temperature and volume of steam output, imitating a real Russian bath, Finnish sauna or Turkish hammam.
The steam that a steam gun creates is softer and gentler than pouring water on hot stones. Thus, we can say that there are no significant differences in such devices, so they are suitable for any type of pair.
Sauna stove with steam gun
It should be noted that the raw steam, which is necessary for the hammam, is not too heavy for the human body, does not give a feeling of a suffocating atmosphere, since the room heats up only to the maximum high temperature 45°C. And it is with the help of a steam generator that such a result can be achieved.
I would like to note that the modern Russian bath is not too different from the Finnish sauna in its design. Therefore, the amount of steam and its temperature in such steam rooms can be coordinated by the visitors themselves. With the help of a steam generator in any room of the steam room, you can create the conditions that are provided for a bath, sauna or hammam.
Preparing to make a cannon for an open heater
The main task when developing a steam gun drawing is to ensure that the largest possible area of \u200b\u200biron water outlets is in contact with the stones in the furnace. Pipes must be placed as close as possible to stones heated to the maximum temperature.
It is very important to use a steam gun in ovens where an open stove is installed. This is due to the fact that it is almost impossible to create good steam that will be suitable for soaring in a traditional sauna from a stone stove. When water hits the stones, which are located in external places, located closer to the visitors and farther from the stove, it turns into a very wet steam of a coarse dispersion type.
Optimum comfort for people can only be created by dry steam, which is produced in the process of contact of water with the hottest parts of the furnace (the furnace itself and stones). It is not possible to pour water on the firebox, since it is separated from the steamer by a large layer of stones, therefore, steam guns were developed to efficiently deliver water.
The simplest solution was a gun from steel pipe, which is inserted into the free space of the stove, and then stones are simply laid.
Blueprint for a simple steam gun
Drawing of the steam gun
The choice of material for creating a steam gun
We will make the simplest model of a steam gun, which will not require a large amount of expensive materials, and at the same time it will be able to fully perform its functions.
materials
- Corrugated pipe 2 pieces - diameter 4 mm.
- Corrugated pipes 2 pieces - smaller diameter.
- Open stove stove - Shilka model.
- Porcelain balls for laying in the oven.
- Metal funnel.
In order to make such a gun with our own hands, we only need a sharp metal object with which we will make holes in the pipe.
Step-by-step instruction
- We take two corrugated pipes of the same size (selected depending on the size of the free space in the furnace). We make holes in them Ø 8–10 mm at the same distance from each other (about 5 cm). We bend their ends on both sides.
Corrugated pipes with holes
- We place the pipes with the holes up at the bottom of the furnace. The bent ends should "look" up. Both guns are located opposite each other.
The location of the pipe in the furnace with holes up
- At the ends we insert vertical pipes for supplying water.
We insert a vertical pipe for supplying water
- We install funnels on top of the pipes in order to conveniently pour water into them.
Insert a funnel to fill the water
- We take porcelain balls and completely fill the space of the furnace with them, as shown in the figure.
Porcelain balls for oven
- Our simple steam generator is ready to use.
Finished oven with a simple steam gun
Checking work
During the soaring period, such a steam gun showed its effectiveness. For 2.5 hours of "work" at a temperature of 65 to 95 ° C, 3.5 liters were poured. water. This means that about 1.5 liters. water per hour was converted into dry fine steam. After 2 hours, the temperature in the steam room remained stable at around 80°C. This is enough to ensure that the steam room has a comfortable temperature regime for the human body.
Steam gun for the Finnish electric sauna stove
In the electric heater at the bottom, the space does not heat up too much, so you can put a small vessel or container with holes there, which will heat up from heating elements and stones and boil water, creating the necessary steam.
Since the presence of heating elements and stones will not allow installing a large capacity, we choose a copper pipe with special holes for steam to escape.
The stones around the tube are heated up to 120–180°C, so the slowly evaporating water will produce the required amount of steam. Slowly passing steam through a 50 cm layer of hot stones will warm up to optimal temperature, which is necessary for the steam room.
Finnish sauna heater
A thin copper tube will have a small heated mass due to the relatively large volume of water passing through it and therefore be able to cool quickly. Thus, in this design, there is no need to make a check valve. Its functions can be performed by the water itself, located in the upper vessel.
Drawing of the steam generation process with a steam gun
Materials:
- Copper tube with special steam vents - 1 inch diameter.
- Thin copper tube - diameter 6 mm.
- Steel funnel for pouring water.
Tools
- Water soldering (95% tin)
- soldering iron
Assembling the structure of the steam gun
- In order to simplify the task, we simply purchased a ready-made dispensing tube with steam vents.
Dispensing copper tube with funnel
- We solder a long copper tube to one end of the distribution tube. This must be done with high quality, since the device will be located almost at the bottom of a red-hot furnace.
Weld a copper tube to the end of the distribution pipe
- We solder (or screw) a special funnel into which water will be poured into the second end of a long pipe for water inflow.
- In principle, our steam gun is ready and it remains only to put it in the electric heater.
- To do this, we take out the necessary part of the stones from the furnace and carefully place the distributing tube so that it lies between the heating elements. It had to be bent a little. The depth of the tube is about 60 cm.
We put the tube in the oven between the heating elements, removing some of the stones
- We bring the tube to fill the water up and then carefully lay the stones back into the furnace.
Screw the funnel to the end of the tube
- Now you can turn on the electric heater and after the stones warm up well, start pouring water into the funnel. Reaching down the tube, the water at the boiling point will turn into steam, which will exit through the steam outlets and rise to the top.
Finnish stove with steam gun ready to use
If you add various healing decoctions or aromatic oils to the water, then the steam saturated with their aromas will fill the entire steam room.
aromatic essential oils for a bath
Video: do-it-yourself steam gun
How to make a steam generator from a pressure cooker with your own hands
Many craftsmen try to create useful things from the most common materials at hand. The steam generator that is needed in the bath can not be purchased at the store, but simply made by hand. To do this, you must perform the following steps:
- Choose the right cookware.
- Mount the heating element.
- Organize the correct flow of water.
- Perform steam extraction.
- Check device.
Materials for the steam generator:
- Pressure cooker - 1 pc.
- Electric heating elements.
- Plate.
- Studs, bolts, nuts and washers.
- The gaskets are heat resistant.
- Copper tube.
- Water tank.
- Float valve.
- Hose.
Tools
- Drill.
- Wrench.
Stages of work
- We install the heating element at a distance of about 1 cm from the bottom of the pressure cooker. At a certain height, we mark points on the outside of the dishes and drill holes of the desired diameter.
- We prepare holes for the installation of heating elements. To do this, we install a bolt and a stud in each of them, and string washers on both sides and clamp them as much as possible with nuts.
Drilling a hole for the heating element
- Next, we need to make sure that boiling water does not pass through the attachment points of the heating elements. To do this, we use gaskets made on the basis of airtight silicone. You can make them yourself.
- We lay out a sheet of paper on a flat surface and then apply sealant to it. We level it a little and put another sheet of paper and a piece of glass on top. On top we put any heavy object that compresses our workpiece. After the silicone dries, we squeeze the gaskets out of it using a tube of the desired diameter.
We make sealed silicone gaskets
- We install heating elements and carefully tighten the nuts. Pour water into the container and make sure that there are no leaks.
- We connect the power. To do this, we place a copper tube under the heating element, through which water will constantly flow. If we install a tube over a heating element, we will disrupt the entire process of vaporization.
Installing a heating element in a pressure cooker
- If water does not constantly flow into the steam generator, the liquid in it will quickly evaporate and the device will fail.
- Since water must constantly flow into the steam generator, and such a process cannot be carried out directly from the water supply, the following must be done. Not far from the device, install a vessel that will communicate with a copper tube that supplies water. The height of the two vessels must be the same for the process to work. On the bottom of the second tank, we mount a float valve, which will act as an intermediary between the steam generator and the dishes for supplying water. Such a tap will “monitor” the water level and, as it decreases, top up.
Ready steam generator for steam generation
Selecting steam
After the steam generator is assembled, we need to learn how to choose steam from it. To do this, we select a hose of the required diameter. A hose from an old vacuum cleaner may come up. We drill a hole in the cover and fasten the adapter using a threaded connector.
It is important that the pressure cooker has a metal lid in which we can easily drill holes.
Testing the steam generator
- In order to check the operation of the device, it is necessary to make sure that both containers are absolutely tight and do not leak anywhere.
- Check water level.
- Connect the steam generator to the network and see how much steam the device produces.
- Steam guns of a simple design, which we considered in the first two options, do not need complex maintenance, since if there is no water in them, then steam simply will not be released.
- The steam generator has a heating element in its design, which, with constant contact with water, will “collect” scale on its surface. In order to increase the life of such a device, it is necessary to regularly inspect the heating elements and remove accumulated formations.
- It is recommended to install the steam generator not in the steam room, but in the next room, so that the device is protected from contact with a humid environment.
Video: do-it-yourself steam generator
If a steam gun is installed in your steam room, then you can be sure that in the winter cold the room will heat up much faster and keep the heat for quite a long time. The main thing is to make such a device correctly so that it works effectively and can create the healing, saturated dry or wet steam necessary for a Russian bath, sauna or hammam. A do-it-yourself steam generator or steam gun cannot fully replace modern factory settings, but if you do not need numerous additional functions, then you should opt for one of the home-made designs.
Stove heating of a private house is one of the most popular in all Russian regions to this day. Previously, several stoves were used to heat a large house, which were installed in different rooms, but this is not the most economical option, as it requires a large amount of solid fuel.
Today, thanks to the developed modern schemes, as well as the fact that many different modern species stoves, organizing heating has become much easier. It happens different types and with different fuels. To choose the most acceptable option for your home, which will be suitable in all respects, you need to take a closer look at some types and find out how they work.
Choosing a heating system
- For small, well-insulated houses, consisting of one or two rooms and a kitchen, one heating and cooking stove made of bricks will be enough.
- For larger buildings, it is necessary to think over the heating system well so that the whole house can be heated from one stove. For this, heating is used with a water or steam circuit.
- For a one-story building, such a circuit can be connected to brick oven or made of cast iron. When installing a system in a two- or three-story house, a cast-iron stove-boiler is more suitable.
The next thing to decide is the type of fuel. The system can be heated with wood, coal, peat, gas, diesel, electricity, or a combination of these. From this choice will depend on which heating stove to purchase.
brick oven
So, as mentioned above, for a small building it is enough to build one stove that will be heated with wood or coal.
The stove model must be chosen in such a way that it can not only heat the premises, but also be an assistant in cooking.
So that this heating structure does not bring any inconvenience and is as efficient as possible, you need to choose a suitable place for it. A well-placed stove can easily heat two rooms and a kitchen.
For example, this model shown in the figure would be a good option for heating three rooms. You need to know that heat transfer from the furnace depends on the surface area of \u200b\u200bthe building, i.e. if one side of the oven is exposed to the room, it will be fully heated. In addition, the massive structure cools down much longer. Having heated the building in the evening, you can be sure that it will give off heat to the room until the morning.
The stove must be laid during the construction of the house, but its foundation must be separated from the general foundation of the building. It is possible to install a brick oven in an already built house, but this will be more difficult, since you will have to raise part of the floor and make a hole in the ceiling and roof for the chimney.
This diagram clearly shows the structure of the building, the foundation, the chimney channels and the passage of the pipe through the floors with all the necessary parameters that must be followed.
Brick structure with water circuit
A brick stove can also be adapted for heating large areas if, during its construction, a heat exchange element is placed near the firebox, through which the coolant will pass, heating up and then circulating in the heating system divorced around the house. In this case, it may be necessary to connect a water pump, which will accelerate the movement of the coolant in the system.
Heat exchange elements can be different forms, the photo shows one of them. It is embedded in the design of the furnace near the combustion chamber, so that, passing through it, the water quickly heats up and enters the pipes and batteries.
The inlet and outlet pipes from the heat exchanger are brought out of the furnace structure, and the heating circuit is connected to them. Next, the system is filled with water, which will play the role of a coolant.
In this case, metal-plastic pipes were used for wiring and connection to the circuit.
In this diagram, the heat exchanger is located above the furnace and is shown as a red grid. The blue line marks the cooled coolant, which passes through the circulation pump and enters the heat exchanger - this part of the circuit is called the return. The red line marks the heated water entering the radiators.
Also installed in the heating circuit membrane tank, which can be located anywhere in the circuit, but it is desirable to install it on the return pipe.
It is also called expansion tank closed type. On its upper part there is a nipple, through which air is pumped into the upper chamber. When the water in the system is heated, it expands, and its excess rises into the tank, stretching the membrane. When cooled down and the corresponding pressure drop, the water is forced back into the system. Thus, possible pressure surges in the pipes are smoothed out, and the risk of damage to the integrity of the system from overheating is minimized.
Video sketch: an interesting version of a fireplace stove with a heating circuit
cast iron stove
Cast iron stoves, although they are small in size, they are able to heat a fairly large room up to 80-90 cubic meters. meters. This option would be ideal for country house, since the device has a function hob. Thanks to their elegant design, today they are also installed with pleasure in expensive mansions, as they are an interior decoration.
The best option of all cast iron models is the oven long burning. It is able to give off heat to the room for a long time, despite the fact that the laying of firewood into it is done once for the entire time of the furnace. This effect is achieved due to the internal design of the furnace, which allows you to reduce the active flame to a slow smoldering.
The long-burning boiler-furnace may also have a water circuit.
Cast iron stoves with water circuit
Cast iron furnaces with a water circuit are produced in different capacities and are designed for heating of various areas. Some of them are able to heat a two- and three-story house. Device heating circuit produced according to the same system as for brick ovens.
Furnaces are made of cast iron and combined type, ie. having electric heating, which turns on automatically when the temperature of smoldering firewood decreases. This combination of oven functions will always help maintain the heating system at the desired temperature.
Cast iron boilers-furnaces can also be provided for a double-circuit heating system, i.e. In addition to the warmth in the house, the owners will also have heated water.
What should be considered when choosing and installing a furnace?
When choosing which heating stove will be installed in the house, you need to correctly formulate the requirements for it, and, based on them, purchase or build a heating device.
- The warming of the entire structure of a brick oven is very important. Therefore, if it is decided to install such a furnace, you need to choose the right project and ensure the perfect construction of the building.
- Economy of work heating system will also depend on the design and layout of the water circuit, as well as the choice of radiators for the heating system. There are furnace schemes that can operate in summer and winter mode - this factor also contributes to the economical operation of the device.
- Part of the savings can be attributed to the long cooling of the furnace, which will use less fuel.
- Ease of operation and maintenance is important.
- The design must comply with all fire safety rules for its location and installation.
- A properly executed design will have the required traction, which will protect the house from carbon monoxide entering the premises.
- The oven must be designed on the for a long period of operation.
- Of course, it would be nice if the oven became a real decoration of the house, and not only functional from a practical point of view.
Positive and negative aspects of stove heating
In most cases, stove heating is arranged if necessary, in the absence of main natural gas. But heating with a stove has its advantages and disadvantages, which it would also be nice to know about.
What are the disadvantages?
To negative points can be attributed:
- Sufficiently long heating of the furnace, and hence the premises. This is due to the prolonged heating of the walls and the coolant in the system.
- Not very high efficiency brick structure. To increase it, you have to arrange a higher chimney, make it of a labyrinth type, so that the heat stays inside the structure longer.
- A brick oven occupies a fairly large area, but only on such a scale is it able to heat several rooms at the same time.
- Unlike natural gas heating, the stove must be supervised throughout its entire firebox, as brick options require constant fuel addition. Long-burning cast-iron stoves are an exception, since firewood is loaded once per firing session.
Positive points
Have furnace heating a lot and positive qualities, which are often decisive in choosing it for a device in a private house.
- Autonomy, which means reliability. The house will always be warm, even when electricity and water are turned off.
- Availability at the price of construction and operation of the structure.
- Profitability in the purchase of fuel and the absence of bills for the main supply of gas or hot water.
- Simplicity in operation - oven does not require programming, and if problems arise, they can be completely eliminated on their own, without the involvement of specialists.
- Since the stove does not require communications for its operation, it can be installed or built in a house located in any region and locality.
Video - how to independently build a furnace with a heating circuit
Due to the fact that even today gas pipelines are not everywhere, stove heating remains relevant and indispensable. Stock up on fuel in advance and keep the fire in the stove - this is all that is required from the owner of a house with stove heating. Therefore, in some houses, even if there is gas heating, are in no hurry to get rid of reliable brick buildings, and also install cast-iron fireplace stoves to create not only a warm, but also a cozy atmosphere in the house.