Brick oven for a country house on wood. Brick ovens for wood-fired cottages
Today, there are many options for heating a summer house: centralized gas, boilers, electric heaters. But if it is not possible to realize all this due to the remoteness of the area from civilization, a do-it-yourself brick stove will be an excellent solution.
Reliable and durable - it will gather around itself more than one generation of households, providing the house with warmth and filling it with comfort.
The services of a good stove-maker are not cheap pleasure. Therefore, if you decide to implement a project in the country brick oven, it will be useful for you to read this article, in which we will talk about the principle of operation, features and scheme of laying the furnace structure.
A brick oven can become not only functional device, but also the main highlight of the interior, if it is correctly beaten. Today, there are many ways to beautifully veneer and decorate a stone oven.
Varieties of furnace structures
No matter how much time has passed since the appearance of the first stove structures and no matter how far home heating technologies have gone, the stone stove still does not lose its relevance. Compared to other types of heating (electricity, gas), it is more economical. At the same time, thick stone walls allow you to retain heat for another day after the firewood has burned out.
According to their purpose, furnaces are divided into the following types:
- heating;
- cooking;
- multifunctional;
- combined.
- a combustion chamber, which is purchased ready-made, or laid out with fireclay bricks;
- an ash pan where the ashes are collected;
- chimney.
A fireplace with an open or closed firebox can also be attributed to the same type of design. It is used not only for decorative purposes, but also allows you to effectively heat a room with an area of 15-20 square meters. meters.
Depending on the selected material, wall thickness, masonry scheme, heating furnaces may have different heat output.
The most popular type of oven is the one-brick construction. This allows you to heat the walls up to 60 0 C. According to this scheme, the famous Dutch ovens are laid out.
In terms of dimensions, the heating stove can be wide and full-bodied, or it can have an elongated rectangular shape. It all depends on the area of \u200b\u200bthe room, the style of the interior and the personal preferences of the owners.
Tiled tiles, decorative plaster, decorative stone are usually used for facing such a furnace.
Brick heating stoves in the form of a three-sided prism look very stylish and original, but this option will not work for a beginner, since it requires a lot of experience. Of great difficulty is the hewing of bricks and the requirements for maintaining an angle strictly under 60 0.
Round stoves also look beautiful and unusual, which are laid out according to the scheme of the famous Russian engineer in the stove business V.E. Grum-Grizhimailo. The furnace works on the principle of free movement of gases. To ensure tightness, the outside of the structure is covered with sheet metal. Such a stove is able to heat a large country mansion and will become a real decoration for any home.
The design of the furnace consists of a brick body, inside of which there is a combustion chamber, an ash pan, a chimney. On top lies metal plate(can be built in oven).
- The heating and cooking stove is already a multifunctional design.
This is a more difficult project to implement, as it consists of:
- combustion chamber;
- chimney;
- ash pan;
- hob;
- oven.
The stove looks massive and is usually chosen for summer cottages, where there is no other heating option.
In our country, heating and cooking stoves are the most popular, allowing you to heat the house and cook a delicious dinner for the whole family.
It can be additionally equipped with a drying chamber, where you can make preparations for the summer: mushrooms, berries, fruits. In cold and damp weather, in this chamber you can quickly and safely dry clothes and shoes.
By the way, ovens with drying chambers were first invented in the countries of Northern Scandinavia, where hunters and fishermen had to dry their clothes and boots overnight.
Many schemes of heating and cooking stoves have additional devices in the form of a comfortable stove bench, a dryer for firewood, an oven, and a hot water tank.
The device of the furnace for giving and its features
The main elements of any brick oven for summer cottages are:
10 basic rules for laying a country stove
Which brick stove to choose for a summer residence?
The choice of oven design determines the size and type of room. For large cottages, a massive stove structure with thick walls will be required, which will heat up for a long time, but at the same time be able to maintain the temperature for a long time. Folding such an oven is not an easy task. This will require some experience and knowledge.
But even a novice can handle a small stove for heating a small cottage, if you follow a clear scheme and do not change the rules of masonry.
In the first place in terms of popularity of heating and cooking stoves is a Swede, who enjoys well-deserved love and respect among Russian stove-makers.
This design is a compact ergonomic shape with a small cooking surface, a three-channel chamber. It is ideal for a small cottage, the length ranges from 880 to 1250 mm.
For the location of such a stove, a place is most often chosen between the kitchen and the living room. Thus, the stove performs a dual function: serves for cooking and decorates the living room with a fireplace.
On the Internet today you can find hundreds of different masonry patterns. swedish oven with a hob, so it will not be difficult to implement it for a summer residence. Many stove makers have added additional options to the standard masonry scheme, so each design is named after its creator: Buslaev's stove, Kuznetsov's, etc. But the principle of work in them is the same.
Traditionally, a Russian stove can be called a bulky massive structure, which is decorated not only hob with an oven, but also a spacious couch.
This oven is already not only a functional device for cooking, but also a place to relax. It allows you to warm up the room well, retaining heat for a long time, has a beneficial effect on the human body, so that the owners of such stoves are less susceptible to colds.
The building usually has two fireboxes (main and additional). Due to the special design of the furnace, heating is carried out evenly, from the bottom up. For kindling, any solid fuel, and especially strict requirements are not imposed on the materials for laying the Russian stove.
A special place among small heating and cooking stoves is occupied by baby V.A. Potapov, created by a famous engineer at the beginning of the 20th century. For its masonry, only 211 bricks are needed, and the dimensions of the furnace are only 630 * 510 mm.
At the same time, such a baby contains a single-burner stove, a small oven for baking and a hood. This oven option will be an excellent solution for a small garden house or cottages in one room.
In this article, we suggest that you study the rules and highlights of laying a small heating and cooking stove.
Do-it-yourself oven masonry
Step 1. Choose a brick and prepare tools
Which brick for laying a small country stove to choose? We will need 2 types of bricks: fireclay (heat-resistant) for the construction of a firebox and red ceramic (not lower than M-150). You should not save on materials, further operational properties, safety and efficiency of the furnace depend on this.
Fireclay bricks can be easily recognized by their yellowish color and porous surface. The composition of this material includes refractory clay and chips. This material, in addition to its heat-resistant properties, is also valued for its ability to accumulate heat for a long time. Even after the complete attenuation of firewood, such a stove is able to give off heat for a long time.
Heat-resistant fireclay bricks can withstand temperatures up to 1500 0 C, so the combustion chamber should be laid out exclusively from this material.
The smaller the mass of fireclay bricks, the greater the number of pores it contains, which creates aluminum oxide. Such a brick will conduct heat very well. The cost of this material is almost 5 times the price of red brick, but there is no need to save.
But laying out the entire oven from fireclay bricks is also not worth it, the outer part of the structure does not heat up much, and the red ceramic brick looks more attractive.
When choosing a brick for the oven, pay attention to the color and shape.
You can test the material. If you throw a brick from a height of 1.5 meters, and it does not crack, take this batch. But a bad, overexposed brick can break into several parts. Such a brick makes a dull sound when it falls.
The brand of brick for facing the furnace should be M150 or M200. The number in this case means how much weight the brick can withstand per 1 cm 3.
Do not take silicate and hollow bricks. It's not even about the ability to withstand high temperatures - they can handle it. Silicate brick does not conduct heat well and it will not be very comfortable in a room with such an oven.
For masonry mortar, you will need sand, red oven clay and water. It directly depends on its quality and consistency. appearance and oven durability. To prepare it, you should use red oven clay of medium liquid. In a frozen form, it should not fall off, crumble.
The masonry will be made with a thickness of 0.5 mm, in which case the precious heat will not quickly leave.
Also, for construction, you can use ready-made masonry mortar, which is sold in stores. Usually, various impurities are present in its composition, which add strength and heat resistance to the structure. In this case, it will be enough to dilute the dry mixture with water and bring it to a homogeneous state using a construction mixer.
The consistency of such a solution should resemble thick sour cream. If the mortar rolls off the trowel, more dry mix must be added. If it turned out to be too thick, then it will be difficult to work with it and make thin seams. Add some cold water and stir again.
So, for the construction of the furnace, we need the following materials:
- Masonry mortar (sand, red oven clay).
- Red ceramic brick M150 - 120 pieces.
- Chamotte brick - 40 pieces.
- Foundation material (cement, graphite, sand).
- Ruberoid.
- Asbestos cord, galvanized wire.
- Plywood or boards to create formwork.
- Reinforcing mesh for arranging the foundation.
- Grate.
- Metal plate for one burner (cast iron).
- Ash pan and ash pan door (blew).
- Cast iron firebox door.
- Chimney valve.
- Chimney flue.
- Metal cap for the chimney.
Tools you will need to build a furnace.
- Building level.
- Owl shovel.
- Construction marker.
- Goniometer.
- Spatula, rule.
- Master OK.
- Measuring tape (roulette).
- Construction slope.
Important! When laying a stove, a lot depends on the quality of the clay. Ideally, use red river clay of medium fat content, which has been outdoors for at least 2 years. Make exactly as much solution as you can master in "1 call". The solution quickly becomes thick and difficult to work with.
Step 2. We prepare a brick for laying the furnace
Before proceeding with the laying of the furnace, it is necessary to lay out the entire brick in advance and prepare it according to the ordering scheme.
This stage includes dividing the brick into ½ or ¼ parts, squeezing in the corners.
Study the diagram carefully and see what parts of the bricks you will need for each row.
If necessary, you can number the brick, so that later it is easy to navigate in which row to insert it.
How to split a brick? Before “beating off” the necessary part of the brick, according to the scheme, you first need to make a groove. This can be done with a hacksaw or file.
To make ½ brick - draw 1 groove.
For 1/6 or 1/8 bricks, make a groove on all sides of the brick.
Step 3. Choosing a place for the furnace
This is a very important stage in laying the furnace, which is advisable to carry out even at the stage of building a house.
But there are times when the decision to lay the stove arises from the owners of houses already in the process of operating the cottage. In this case, determine the place from where it will be easiest to remove the chimney.
It is also important to estimate the distance between the oven and windows and doors. After all, the cold air blowing from the doors can interfere natural circulation heat in the house, reducing the efficiency of the stove.
In addition, the stove should not interfere with free movement around the room. It should become one with the space, without creating inconvenience. In many ways, the placement of the furnace depends on the purpose.
The heating and cooking model is best placed in the kitchen, and the fireplace stove will look beautiful in the living room.
- The distance to the nearest wall must be at least 25 cm.
- The chimney must not pass through the beams.
- The floor and wall will have to be lined with fire-resistant material.
- The fireplace is best located near the inner wall of the house. To increase efficiency, it makes sense to install the stove in the space between the kitchen and the living room. Thus, one stove will heat two rooms at once.
An excellent place to place the stove is the corner of the room, only if there is no front door opposite the corner, from which cold air will blow out the flame.
Step 4. Building the foundation
For the construction of a brick oven, it is necessary to make a separate foundation. If it is laid on the same cycle with the construction of a house, it is not a difficult task to complete it.
If you have decided to lay the stove after the completion of the general construction, then it will be necessary to remove part of the finished floor and go deep into the ground.
Why is it so important to carry out a separate foundation? A brick oven, no matter what size it is, has a lot of weight, which will create a lot of pressure on the foundation. When shrinking, the house will sag. This should in no way affect the shape and design of the oven.
That is, the general foundation of the house should not pull the stove along with it, as this can lead to a violation of its sealing and deterioration of technical properties.
Attention! Before laying bricks on the mortar, lay out the entire brick "dry". First, it will allow you to see if you have enough material. And secondly, even at the draft stage, you will be able to see difficult moments that you will have to pay special attention to.
Step 5. Laying the stove
Attention! Before laying the stove, dip the bricks in a bowl of cold water to absorb moisture. So they will not pull water from the masonry mortar.
Fill this gap with sand. The entire under the stove will practically be occupied by grates, which will ensure good and simple maintenance of the stove, as well as complete burning of firewood.
We block the door of the blower with a brick.
Installing the furnace door
We install the furnace door, after wrapping it with an asbestos cord. To make it easier to mount it, put the door on a thick wire and support it with bricks on both sides. Then these bricks will need to be removed.
- 6th row. Closes the furnace door.
Here we begin to form a smoke channel pipe, creating overlaps for two vertical channels.
We lay the base of the firebox, which we make of fireclay bricks.
- From row 7-9 we lay out the firebox with fireclay bricks according to the scheme.
In this row, the two bricks that overlap the grate should be cut at a 45 degree angle.
- 10 row - close the oven. We create a partition from a brick, raising it by 2 cm. On the oven, to the level of the partition, we apply a clay-sand mortar. We are preparing a place for the installation of the hob.
It is necessary to make recesses in the bricks for reliable fixation with the slab and create thermal niches for the expansion of the metal. Immediately put the slab on a dry slab and number the bricks - so it will be easy for you to lay the brick on the mortar later and not make a mistake with the correct recesses under the slab.
We lay the asbestos strip on the brick (to expand the metal).
Step 6. Chimney outlet through the roof
This is a responsible step, which should ensure the complete safety of the operation of the furnace.
Be guided by the norms of SNIP when withdrawing brick pipe through the roof. According to these standards, the gap between the roof and the chimney must be at least 13-25 cm.
Around the place where the pipe passes through the roof, it is necessary to insulate with thermal insulation materials. This will provide reliable protection from blowing cold air and provide reliable fire safety.
If the oven is installed in a residential building with a finished roof, it will be necessary to remove part of the roof. After the pipe is wired, it will be necessary to fully ensure the integrity of the roof in this place so that during rain or snow, moisture does not get inside.
For waterproofing a stone pipe, a special plate is used, which resembles a kind of pedestal around the chimney. The joining of the slate and the metal plate is carried out using a sealant.
If you want to simplify the task, then the chimney will not be difficult to complete using steel pipes sandwich type. They are stylish and easy to assemble. In addition, they have much less weight than bricks and will not create such pressure on the foundation.
Determining the required height chimney, guide not only the height of the roof, but also the height of the ridge.
The efficiency of space heating and the presence of traction directly depend on correctly calculated parameters.
The edge of the pipe must protrude above the “ridge” of the roof by at least 0.5 meters, otherwise the turbulences that form around the roof can prevent good draft and will constantly blow cold air into the chimney.
We complete the construction of the chimney - a metal grate. It will prevent debris from entering the chimney.
From above we put on a metal cap, which reliably protects the pipe from precipitation.
Step 7 Furnace lining
There are many ways to beautifully veneer a stove for a summer residence.
Clinker tiles, tile tiles, decorative plaster, artificial stone, etc. can act as a decorative material.
Or you can just leave the stove in its original form, especially if you bought a high-quality beautiful brick.
Keep in mind that any facing material reduces heat transfer. Therefore, if you do not want to lose thermal properties, you can cover the stove with a thin layer of decorative plaster.
Step 8. Kindling the furnace
After the complete lining of the furnace, it is necessary to take a technological break for 10-14 days until the structure is completely dried. Leave the door wide open.
When you are sure that the masonry mortar is completely dry, you can carry out the first test kindling of the stove. No need to rush and immediately, after laying, kindle firewood.
Premature kindling of a damp stove can cause it to crack. For the first time, use ¼ of the wood, lay small logs. This will allow the structure to dry well from the inside. Do not exceed the maximum temperature of 60-65 degrees in the first week of operation.
- Do not use trash for kindling.
- The firebox door must be closed when kindling.
- Warm up the oven gradually, do not immediately give a strong heat.
- Use high-quality, well-dried firewood.
For ease of use country stove, you can make a stylish one with your own hands, which will become a decorative and functional element in everyday life.
As you can see, if you follow a clear ordering scheme, it is not so difficult to put together a beautiful and solid country stove.
Video. Masonry brick oven "dry"
Below we provide a detailed master class on laying a brick oven for a summer residence.
Video. Master class on laying a stove for a summer residence
2013-01-30 23 411
Despite the large number of finished kiln equipment, classic brick products are still popular. The only criterion that limits the demand for brick heating stoves is that it is not so easy to find a good, sensible stove-maker.
- What ovens for a brick house exist?
- What to look for when choosing it?
- Are there any restrictions associated with the operation of furnace equipment?
Types of stoves for a brick house
There are a large number of different models of furnaces with different purposes and designs. You can separately divide all furnaces according to their functionality and working scheme.Classification by purpose:
- Heating is a conventional brick oven, the main function of which is to heat the room. The heating stove does not provide for the possibility of heating hot water or cooking. With the advent of the possibility of using a water circuit, these stoves have practically ceased to be used for heating houses.
- Cookers - these models furnace heating bricks usually had a low heat output, which made it possible to use them for cooking in the summer. The disadvantage of the brewing equipment was high energy consumption with low efficiency. Therefore, cooking stoves were installed as an additional source of heating in dachas and other premises that did not require constant heating.
- Combined brick heating stoves are the most popular models that efficiently heat rooms and can be used for cooking and heating hot water.
- Specific - these models have a special device that allows you to achieve certain goals. These models include heaters, tandoor, etc.
In addition to the main purpose, furnaces can also be divided according to the design used. The most popular and popular models are:
- Classical Russian stove - has a channel chimney. Thanks to the classic design of the stove, the air in the room is heated evenly and quickly. Heating brick stoves for a classic-type house have another characteristic feature - a lounger for relaxation. There is a hob and oven.
- Swede is a more compact model that combines the functions of heating and cooking. A feature of the Swede stove is a bell-shaped smoke exhaust system. Small dimensions and functionality allow using Swede as the main source of heat in small log houses.
- Dutch - this heating stove for a brick house is used exclusively for heating the room. There is no cooking surface at the Dutch stove, which is fully compensated by increased heat transfer. The smoke exhaust system can be channel, combined or without channel.
There are also specific stoves designed for heating baths (heater) and cooking traditional oriental dishes (tandoor). The latest models are practically not used in private homes, but they can often be found in restaurants and cafes.
Which brick oven to choose for the house
It all depends on what requirements are placed on the furnace equipment. A conventional brick oven for the home may be suitable in cases where it is planned to use it exclusively for heating rooms. In addition to the presence of a hob, when choosing, you should pay attention to the following:- Profitability - this criterion is especially important if the stove is planned to be used as the main source of heating at home. The optimal solution will be the one in which, with a small amount of fuel, maximum heat transfer will be ensured.
- Simple design - the more difficult the laying of the stove, the less likely it is that even a qualified stove-maker can cope with its installation.
- The presence of a water circuit - heating furnaces made of bricks are not large in size, but having a built-in heat exchanger for heating the coolant, are more productive than any selected model of equipment without it.
- Appearance - some stoves are installed solely because of the creation of a unique decor for the room. Especially often for decorative purposes, a classic Russian stove is used, which looks stylish and elegant in ethnic style.
- Ease of operation - heating the stove yourself should be a pleasant and rewarding activity that even an "inexperienced" house owner should be able to handle.
Brick stoves for the home are best chosen together with a qualified stove-maker. The stove maker will help you choose the necessary equipment configuration and recommend what material to use for masonry.
How to heat a brick oven
To paraphrase the well-known expression “We are what we eat” regarding the stove, the following conclusion can be drawn: how the stove will work depends on the type of fuel used. And there are certain unwritten rules. Namely:- What can not be burned - garbage, food and wood waste, dust, etc. The stove for a brick house is not intended for waste disposal. Surprisingly, the use of foreign objects for the furnace significantly reduces the efficiency of furnace equipment. No wonder our ancestors considered it blasphemy to burn waste and garbage in the combustion chamber.
- What to heat? Brick heating stoves are both wood-burning and coal-fired. Most models are considered combined and capable of combining these two types of fuel. But true connoisseurs of stove equipment believe that the house should be heated exclusively with firewood.
The choice of fuel for kindling is a personal matter of the owner of the house, but for long-term operation of the equipment it is forbidden to heat the stove and burn garbage and waste in the combustion chamber.
What is the efficiency coefficient of a brick stove
The efficiency of a brick oven for a home, of a conventional design, is about 75%. Almost the same coefficient distinguishes solid fuel boilers. It is possible to remake a wood-burning stove in such a way as to increase the duration of fuel combustion and heat transfer. To increase efficiency, the following methods are used:- Install the heat exchanger in the flue ducts. Hot air in large quantities is simply released into the atmosphere. You can use this thermal energy by installing a coil in the channels.
- Install a water circuit - the efficiency of the equipment increases significantly if the heating occurs not only with the help of a wall in which the smoke channels pass, but also with the help of a coolant circulating through the pipes.
- The dimensions of the combustion chamber - the furnace of brick ovens should not be excessively large, this provides a strong air flow and due to this the heating efficiency of the room is reduced.
Despite the rapid development of new technologies and the improvement of home heating methods, the old proven brick stoves for wood-fired cottages still do not lose their relevance.
Indeed, often in houses remote from civilization or located in areas where power outages occur, and gas supply is not expected at all, wood-burning brick stoves are the only possible means of heating the room.
But sometimes people deliberately choose brick ovens for their country house despite all the blessings of civilization. After all, they help to create that unique comfort, to give warmth and an atmosphere of solitude, which we are all looking for when going out of town.
About the advantages, the design principle and the features of laying a brick oven with your own hands - we will talk today in this article.
Types of brick ovens for summer cottages
The experience of craftsmen and inventor engineers has given the world a considerable number of types of stoves, from which it is not difficult to choose the only one for giving, which will quickly warm up the room in the winter cold and help cook food.
But, despite all the variety of stone ovens, they can all be divided into 3 categories:
- cooking;
- heating and cooking;
- heating structures.
In addition, you can also find multifunctional designs that combine a fireplace, a water circuit, etc. Therefore, before proceeding with the construction of a brick oven in the country, you should immediately decide on the type of construction.
- Cooking type of construction. This type of stove is chosen by the owners of the cottage only if the house is used only in the summer. This option is well combined with a tank for heating water. Often, the owners install such a stove in a house where there is gas and electricity supply, but in order to save money, it is more rational to use a wood-burning stove in the summer.
The design is a stove with a hob, a water-heating tank and an oven.
Furnaces for summer cottages are also divided according to the type of construction:
- Russian;
- Dutch (Dutch);
- Swedish (Swedish).
Of course, today you can find many other variations of wood-burning stoves, but these are the most common, which have proven themselves due to their high efficiency, reliability and efficiency.
Russian stove
This design has been used by our ancestors for centuries, and its main feature is the arrangement of a bench and a shelf for drying shoes and clothes. If the house is in use all year round, then this option is very effective. But for a summer cottage, it is better to refuse a Russian stove.
The fact is that the high efficiency of the Russian stove is achieved only with a constant firebox. If you leave such a stove for the winter, then it will take more than one day to dry it later and “start” the stove into operation. By virtue of their technical features, it quickly gains moisture without a firebox.
In addition, during the first firing of wet bricks, it is possible that it will crack.
The Russian stove is a fairly massive structure, so it will not always be appropriate to look at a small cottage.
The only advantage is the unpretentiousness of the material itself for the construction of the furnace and enough a simple circuit masonry.
Dutch
One of the most popular types of stone ovens, the design of which suggests the presence of a smoke channel. Thanks to this, the Dutchwoman effectively heats several rooms at once.
The advantages include:
- small dimensions;
- high efficiency;
- economy of fuel consumption.
But the disadvantages of such a furnace are high quality requirements. building material and wood quality. In addition, at sub-zero temperatures outside the window, such a stove warms up for a long time, so it is better to constantly heat it.
Swede
Such a furnace enjoys well-deserved popularity in our country, as it was developed taking into account the harsh climate of the northern countries. The advantage of the Swede is compactness, high performance, fast heating and the ability to heat several rooms at once.
This is achieved due to the special design of the furnace. The back side with a fireplace usually goes into the living room, and on the front side there is an oven and a hob. For summer cottages, this type of stove is the best choice.
The only drawback of the Swede can be called high requirements for the quality of the material. If a Russian stove can be folded from the remnants of the material, then for a Swede you will have to purchase high-quality ceramic red bricks.
Also, high requirements are placed on firewood "Swedes". They must be well dried, otherwise the stove will not give off heat.
Design features of a brick oven for a summer residence
Depending on the type and design, the oven can perform the following functions:
- Cooking (frying, boiling, stewing, baking, etc.).
- Drying shoes and clothes, as well as preparing food for the winter (mushrooms, berries).
- Heating beds.
- Opportunity to admire the open flames on winter evenings.
In addition to the functional classification, before building a brick oven for a summer residence, you need to decide on the configuration.
- rectangular heating stove;
- T-shaped;
- round oven;
- Russian stove with stove bench;
- baby.
The size of the furnace is also important. Big construction Thick-walled ovens are capable of distributing heat up to 50 square meters. But in order to warm them up well, it will take at least two hours, which is not always convenient.
This is especially uncomfortable in the country, where the owners drop in only for the weekend. A cold house will warm up for at least 3-4 hours before the room temperature returns to normal.
A small stove cannot heat a big house. Its heat is enough for a room of 15-20 square meters. meters. At the same time, it will warm up in 30-40 minutes, giving off heat around. In addition, we should not forget about the efficiency of the furnace. For a large stove, you need to take care of the supply of firewood in advance and prepare a large one from the summer.
The stone stove also has a significant drawback - the impossibility of heating the distant premises of the house. That is why in large houses with several rooms, 2-3 stoves are placed, each of which has its own chimney and performs its function.
According to the principle of construction, brick ovens can be:
- Channel with forced movement of gases.
- Bell-type furnaces with free movement of gases.
Channel stoves include the usual "Dutch" or "Swede". The combustion of firewood takes place in the firebox, from which the smoke channel departs. Under the action of draft, combustion products are discharged through this smoke channel.
The main task of this design is to maximize the heating of the furnace wall, and after that the heat will spread throughout the room for a long time.
Despite the simplicity of design, such a furnace has several disadvantages.
- It all depends on the traction force. The narrow channel obstructs the airflow and a sufficiently high chimney is required to overcome this resistance to the flow. In houses with low ceilings, this is not always convenient. And in the end, after arranging the furnace, the owners are faced with the problem of poor draft in the furnace.
- In addition, the principle of the channel structure of the furnace involves the concentration of hot air at the top of the furnace. That is most of heat is dissipated to the top. Because of this, below, near the floor, it is quite cold.
- The efficiency of such units does not exceed 60-65%. And the average, with standard traction, is even less - 40-45%.
- Due to the large design, such an oven heats up for a long time. To heat the structure from scratch, it will take 2.5-3 hours.
Furnaces with free movement of gases show themselves in a completely different way in everyday life. Their principle was first described by Lomonosov, and later modified by Kuznetsov, which is why in everyday life such furnaces were called "blacksmiths".
The principle of operation is based on the movement of free gases. As we know from physics, hot air rises, displacing cold air. In such a furnace, the furnace and combustion chamber are combined, and hot air circulates freely from one chamber to another.
Such furnaces also have a second and sometimes a third chamber, which are interconnected by a dry seam located at the bottom of the chamber.
Features of laying a brick oven with your own hands
What are the nuances you need to know before proceeding with the laying of the furnace?
Materials that will be needed for laying the furnace.
Tools that will be needed for laying the furnace:
- Building level.
- Owl shovel.
- Construction marker.
- Measuring tape (roulette).
- Construction slope.
- Goniometer.
Important! A lot of things when laying a stove depend on the quality of the clay. It should be moderately thick and have an average fat content. Red river clay, which has lain in the open air for at least two years, is considered ideal for the construction of a furnace. Clay, under the influence of precipitation and natural factors, becomes plastic, homogeneous and will firmly hold the masonry.
Laying a brick oven with your own hands: step by step instructions
If all the conditions of the instructions are met, the laying of the furnace will take 30-35 days. Order is of great importance here. You should not violate it or try to introduce your own adjustments to the design. The laying of rows, their number and installation of elements are clearly verified and require strict adherence to the instructions.
Below is a diagram of the ordering of a brick oven with a hob and an oven.
Step 1. Determine the location of the furnace.
Once you have decided where you will place the stove: in the corner, in the center or against the wall, you should clearly mark the location of the stone structure on the floor.
In order to clearly guess with the construction of the chimney and not to rest against the wooden roof beam when laying the pipe, we use a construction plumb line.
- We draw the layout of the stove and the location of the firebox, chimney, hob and oven.
- Consider the location of windows and doors that will prevent the free circulation of warm air.
In order for the stove to serve for a long time and please you with its maximum performance, we will give some recommendations regarding its placement. And the point is not only in the implementation of fire safety rules, but also in the efficiency of its work.
Today we propose to consider the features of a brick oven with a hob, since it is it that is very popular with summer residents. Our detailed ordering scheme will help you build brick ovens for wood-fired cottages.
Step 2. We build the foundation for the furnace.
The construction of any furnace begins with the construction of the foundation. This is a very important step, on which the strength, reliability of the structure and its efficiency will depend.
Ideally, of course, designing the stove even before the construction of the house. Then both the place and the ideal place for the furnace will be allotted, and the foundation will be laid out at the stage of erecting the floors. But often people think about laying a stove after they have built a home. Therefore, we chose this option so that you can build a foundation from scratch in an already finished house.
In no case should the foundation be connected with the main foundation of the house. When shrinking the house or other phenomena, the base of the stove should not be deformed.
Attention! It is also recommended to perform each new layer first "dry". This is especially true for beginners who first encounter the laying of the furnace. After laying a brick on the mortar, it will be difficult for you to correct your mistakes and inaccuracies.
Step 3. Preparing bricks for masonry.
Immediately measure the amount of brick that you need for the first stage of work. Please note that laying a furnace is a complex and time-consuming process and cannot be completed in a day. Be guided that beginners will be able to master 4-5 rows a day, no more.
Select a portion of red ceramic brick, clean it well and soak for 12 hours in water.
When you lay out a fireclay brick firebox, it will be enough just to rinse it with water.
The process of preparing the material for masonry includes, and the division of the brick into ½ or ¼ parts, squeezing in the corners. See the diagram for what shape of brick you will need for each row. It is better to do this immediately, so that later, when laying a row, not to be distracted by these moments.
Brick splitting also needs to be done at this stage. Keep in mind that before you "beat off" the necessary part of the brick, according to the scheme, you first need to make a groove.
At the same time, one longitudinal groove is enough for ½ brick. But if you need to chip off 1/6 or 1/8 of a brick, then a groove is made on all sides of the brick.
Step 4. We prepare the mortar for masonry.
The correct mortar for laying the furnace is the key to its efficient operation. If you decide to lay a brick oven for a wood-fired cottage with your own hands, then it is better to prepare the solution yourself.
Video. Furnace lining. We make a solution of clay with our own hands.
Although on sale now you can find ready-made factory solutions for laying the furnace, which are of good quality.
To do this, you need sand and red river clay. It is clay that is the indispensable material, without which no masonry mortar is inconceivable. Due to its unique properties, soft and plastic, it, under the influence of fire, turns into a durable stone.
After firing, it acquires the strength of a brick and can endure the highest temperature. However, in order for it to really be strong and securely fasten the masonry, it is necessary to observe the correct proportion of all ingredients.
One of the main indicators of the quality of clay is its fat content. If you take "skinny" clay, then when heated, it can crack.
We will not indicate the exact amount of ingredients, since there is no ideal proportion. Depending on the quality of the clay, its fat content, the solution is made "by eye".
It should have the consistency of thick homemade sour cream, not dripping from the trowel. At the same time, in no case should there be grains in it, so the solution should be thoroughly kneaded.
We measure the required amount of clay that will be needed for masonry, and fill it with water. You do not need to immediately prepare the solution for the entire furnace, if you do not plan to finish the masonry in 1 day. Measure as much as you can.
Attention. Clay mortar is not suitable for arranging the foundation and chimney. Usually cement mortar is used for this.
Step 5 We are building a furnace.
The first row is very important in the furnace and the whole form of the structure depends on it. Therefore, first lay out the first solid row “dry”, and put the building level on top. Keep straight corners. They can be checked in the process with a plumb line.
Before proceeding directly to the laying of bricks, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with detailed instruction and tips for building a furnace.
Video. Learning to lay a small stove.
Advice! Even seams may not work the first time. To do this, you can use wooden slats, equal in thickness to the thickness of the seam. They are laid on a row, after which the solution is applied and the second row is placed. Prepare so many slats that they are enough for three rows. By the time you have completed the third row, you will be able to remove the sizing tool from the first row and use it further.
Before laying the first row of bricks on the roofing material, make markings with chalk.
Advice! So that the stove does not go to the side during laying, and it is not necessary to check the vertical of the stove after each row, you can pull 4 sheer threads in the corners, which are fixed to the ceiling. They will serve as a kind of beacons as landmarks for the furnace.
Attention! If the burners of the hob have different diameter, then it is necessary to place large holes above the combustion chamber, and smaller holes above the oven.
Attention! When laying out the smoke channels, make sure that the solution does not remain inside. Remove the remains of the solution with a washcloth or trowel, otherwise it will then interfere with the unhindered circulation of hot air.
Step 6. Laying the chimney.
The location of the chimney is indicated at the design stage of the furnace. But in any case, for normal draft, the height of the chimney should not be less than 5 meters.
Also make sure that there is no residue of the solution inside, otherwise it will interfere with normal traction.
Taking the pipe out of the house through the roof, consider the height of the visor. It should be 50 cm below the top chimney otherwise turbulence may form around the pipe.
We complete the laying of the chimney with a metal grate that prevents debris from entering the chimney. You can also install a cap (umbrella) on the top of the chimney, which will reliably protect the pipe from precipitation.
Step 7. Finishing lining of the furnace.
After the oven is completely laid out, you can proceed to the finishing lining. As an outer layer, you can use a facing decorative stone, ceramic tiles, Red brick.
Remember that any additional material applied to the outside of the stove will reduce heat output.
Therefore, if you are more interested in the efficiency of the furnace than its appearance, you can simply cover the brick with a layer of decorative plaster.
Step 8. Drying the oven.
Having completely finished laying the furnace, it is necessary to dry it well, since it now contains a large amount of moisture from the solution.
To do this, open the door of the combustion chamber and leave the stove for 7-10 days. Brick and clay-sand should dry well, otherwise from high temperature"Raw masonry" can be deformed.
If you build a stove in warm weather, then it will dry naturally. In cold weather, use a fan.
Another option for forced drying is a 200-300W electric light bulb, which is installed inside the firebox and left to burn for 7-10 days. But this is a forced measure that must be taken only if the temperature outside is less than zero degrees Celsius.
Step 9. Kindling the furnace.
When all finishing work is completed and the oven is well dried, it is necessary to carry out the first test kindling. This is not a tricky thing, but it’s better to follow our advice to avoid trouble and maximize the efficiency of the furnace:
- Do not use garbage or glossy magazines for kindling.
- Keep flammable items away from the oven.
- Close the firebox door tightly before the flame ignites.
- Do not immediately apply strong heat to the oven. You need to warm it up gradually.
- Use only high-quality, well-dried firewood.
The video describes in detail the process of laying on a dry simple brick oven
Video. Detailed laying of a brick oven for a summer residence.