We put the Swedish oven with our own hands. How to make a Swedish oven with your own hands
In Russia, the stove was the main item in the house; it was used not only for heating and cooking, but also for sleeping. Today, people spoiled by civilization voluntarily return to their roots - a stove with a stove bench can be found in hunting huts, and in country houses, and in capital buildings for permanent residence. This design is not only convenient, but also more efficient - it retains heat much longer after heating.
Ordinal schemes of stoves with benches
Modern stove-makers have studied the secrets of distant ancestors and introduced into classic schemes useful changes that increase efficiency and help save fuel. There are plenty to choose from: simple ovens with a stove bench, heating and cooking devices, combined models with a stove bench and a fireplace. The lounger can be used not only for relaxation, it is great for drying mushrooms and berries, it can also serve as a dryer for shoes and clothes.
Russian stove with a stove bench - an undying classic
Stove with a fireplace - maximum comfort
A fireplace stove with a stove bench fits best into the interior of modern houses, filling the room not only with warmth, but also with a magnificent spectacle of a living flame. Due to the increased heating area, the heat efficiency of the fireplace is significantly increased. Increasingly, preference is given to closed fireboxes. long burning- this increases the safety of furnace equipment, facilitates operation and helps to save fuel.
Modern stove-fireplace with trestle bed
An improved stove with a fireplace and a bench works in summer and winter modes. The regulation of the movement of gases is carried out using valves. In summer mode, valves 7, 6 and 9 are opened, while hot gases exit into chimney, and the furnace array does not heat up.
General scheme of a stove with a fireplace and a stove bench
In winter, the stove is fully warmed up with the 7 valve open. To warm up the stove bench and the cooking chamber, dampers 7 and 9 are opened. The fireplace operates with the 5 valve open. To prepare the firebox for baking, first open the 7th and 9th dampers, after the fuel burns out, close them, clean the firebox from the ash, put the bread in the oven and close the 11th damper.
To build a fireplace stove with a stove bench with your own hands, you need to purchase 3000 pieces of fireclay bricks, about 1000 kg of clay, 2000 kg of quarry sand and 300 kg of mortar.
The first rows are laid in a dressing
3 and 4 rows, door installation
Masonry rules 9 and 10 rows
The next stage of masonry, installation of dampers
Steel sheet fixing
Swede with trestle bed - an option for a small house
Heating and cooking stove "Swede" is popular with fans furnace heating thanks to its compactness and ease of installation. Modern masters have supplemented the favorite model of country residents with a comfortable bed. This functional design is recommended to be installed between the kitchen-dining room and the bedroom. It easily copes with heating a room of 25 square meters.
In summer mode, during the furnace firing, both smoke dampers are opened, and in winter the second one is closed (marked in the “2” diagram), due to which hot gases rush along a long chimney, heating the base of the hearth and a place to rest. Base size: 114.8 * 76.5 cm, trestle bed dimensions: 178.5 * 63.8 cm. A stove-maker with basic skills in laying furnace equipment will be able to build this stove-bed with his own hands, using the order below.
For the construction of this structure, 900 pieces of red brick and 200 pieces of fireclay are required. You will also need doors (blowing, furnace, cleaning), a grate, a hob, a steel corner.
Explanations for the scheme:
- 1 - main smoke damper;
- 2 - valve for summer use;
- 3 - ceiling fire cutting;
- 4 - cooking stove made of cast iron;
- 6 - furnace door;
- 7 - blower door;
- 8 - cleaning doors;
- 9 - steel corners and strips;
- 10 - niche for cooking;
- 11 - stoves;
- 12 - blind chamber;
- 13 - caps;
- 14 - horizontal chimneys for winter;
- 15 - vertical chimneys of the cooking mode;
- 16 - ventilation hole;
- 17 - input of heated gases into vertical chimneys for winter mode;
- 18 - gas inlet to the chimney;
- 19 - inlet;
- 20 - bypass;
- 21 - temperature gaps.
Type and scheme of masonry Swedes with a stove bench
Furnace construction scheme
The order of work from 6 to 11 row
Heating and cooking stove with a place to lie
This heating stove with a stove bench, stove and oven is ideal for a country house or a small country home with permanent residence. In the proposed model, the height of the trestle bed is slightly higher than the height of a standard bed, so it will not be difficult even for a child to climb onto it. If desired, the structure can be installed between two adjacent rooms - one side to the bedroom or rest room, and the part where the hob is located, to the kitchen.
Scheme of the oven with oven, stove and stove bench
The order of laying heating cooking oven with a bed
Masonry 7-12 rows
The mass of the stove bench is from 3 to 8 tons, so before building it, you should take care of a solid and reliable foundation. This should be a reinforced concrete slab with a larger area than the base of the oven. The foundation is poured so that there is a gap of at least 5 cm between it and the foundation of the house. The depth of the pit should be 80-95 cm.
The bottom of the pit is covered with a layer of sand 10 cm thick and the sand cushion is rammed with water. This is followed by a layer of rubble, which also requires tamping. The reinforcing frame is made of vertical posts and two levels of horizontal reinforcement. The armature is fixed with wire. Concrete is poured so that the level of the foundation is slightly lower than the level of the finish floor covering.
After the slab hardens, two layers of roofing material are laid (for waterproofing) and two rows of bricks are laid - the first dry, and the second with mortar. On the prepared base, you can build a stove with a stove bench with your own hands, according to the chosen scheme.
The construction of a capital brick hearth is a complex process that requires extensive knowledge and compliance with a number of important rules. Lack of experience in the furnace business is the first reason to contact a specialist. Professional stove makers will quickly cope with difficult work, guaranteeing the quality, durability and safety of the structure.
Video: Swede oven with stove bench
Every owner who has a house or a cottage, with the onset of autumn and the prospect of winter, thinks about warm housing, and a do-it-yourself Swedka heating and cooking stove is like a way out of this situation.
Due to the distance from the city heating network and the desire to purchase autonomous heating, like the desire of most residents of sleeping areas, they dream of their own autonomous heat supply, the idea comes up about ways to heat their own homes.
Of all types of autonomous (suburban version) heating, the heating and cooking stove of the Swede type attracts your attention - a cooking stove with a stove.
It has the ability to heat several rooms at the same time and another big plus - you can cook with it! Photos and videos with such a stove can be easily found on the Internet.
Designs and modifications
The design of this furnace has excellent heat transfer properties up to 3.5 kW (3000 kcal / h) with a firing frequency of only once every 24 hours and 4.1 kW (3500 kcal / h) with two heatings.
From an economic point of view, the stove heats a fairly large room due to the closed firebox, where the heat is retained in the direct chimney and the heating effect is transferred to the walls of the stove.
This is the whole efficiency of heat conservation equal to 75% efficiency. For complete utilization of heat, a heat exchanger is built into the furnace - a coil, where water is heated.
The dimensions of the stove are designed to heat the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe house. But this does not mean that it will be able to heat a house of 150 square meters.
When determining the installation of a heating cooking stove, it must be taken into account that a small room is not suitable for this business, since there will not be enough air for the combustion process of the stove. To do this, you need a room of at least 16 square meters.
The Swedish heating stove has a variety of modifications and can satisfy the various whims of the owner, it all depends on what its price is.
In order to build a heating cooking stove as mentioned above, you need to choose the location of the stove itself and its type:
- wall - along a flat wall;
- corner - in the corner of the room;
- island - in the center of the room;
- built-in - built into the wall;
- suspended - suspended from the ceiling.
The attached oven can be placed anywhere:
- near the wall, which is fireproof, in which communications do not pass;
- no electrical wiring;
- gas supply pipes do not pass and it is impossible;
- no water supply lines.
Often, they try to place attached models in the center of the wall, while connecting it to an existing chimney.
The main part of it is located on (in):
- kitchen;
- dining room;
- dining room.
The second part (rear) goes into the next room:
- sleeping room;
- living room;
- children's.
During the construction of the furnace, during the construction of the house, the chimney flues are built into the bearing wall, which is lined with non-combustible materials. In the corner of the room, the stove is installed, in cases where this is due to the interior design or the presence of a chimney.
Advice. Do not place the stove near, to the side or opposite windows and doors, that is, in the path of drafts, otherwise there will be a draft problem.
The scale furnace must be installed on a foundation separate from the building structure. But especially important are the issues related to fire safety.
The stove must be securely isolated from:
- partitions;
- gender;
- other building materials of flammable structures.
If the wall near which the stove is installed is made of materials that are easily combustible, then it is necessary to build another half-brick wall, which should be wider in length than the firebox.
In front of the firebox doors, the construction instruction provides for a free space of at least one and a half meters, which also ensures the fire safety of the site in front of the firebox.
For these purposes, apply:
- stone slabs;
- ceramic tiles;
- metal sheets.
The principle of operation of the furnace
We will keep in mind that the outer wall is made in half a brick, and the oven and the water box are the basis.
A cast-iron stove is used as a cooking surface, which increases heat transfer, and a cooking chamber will be located above it with a niche with steel doors.
Furnaces of this formation are made for both summer and winter operation. In summer, you can cook food and heat water on it.
The oven works like this:
- from the furnace hot comes under the hob;
- the stove is heated, as well as the oven is heated;
- the flue gases are then removed through the chimney flues.
AT winter period year, the process is identical, but the flue gases after the process of heating the stove and cabinet do not go into the chimney, but into the heating ducts and pass into the closed surface of the chamber, heat it, and only then are removed.
Material used in construction
The Swede heating stove during its construction requires the following materials:
- 230-255 pieces of red brick (special for stoves);
- 250 kilograms of high-quality clay for mortar;
- 250 kilograms of fine sand;
- steel corner 45x45x3 mm;
- steel strips 40x3 mm;
- furnace doors 270x300 mm;
- blower doors;
- hob made of cast iron with burners or thick steel;
- view valve;
- water box;
- drying box of any size.
Masonry and construction of the furnace
The foundation is made typical for all buildings.
- The first and second row is laid from solid bricks. A zonal chamber is formed between the third and fifth rows, doors are mounted on the ash pan, and an overlap is installed on the fifth row.
- There is also room for a drying chamber., and the box is taken according to its size.
- The heating and cooking stove Swede of long burning is built up with its own hands inward, starting from the sixth row of bricks. This is done to install the grate, and then the firebox door.
- The eighth and ninth row is the future furnace, here you need to lay a box for drying.
- Then, in the eleventh row, strips of steel are laid out on the surface of the box. Further, this is all covered with a solution of sand and clay.
At this stage, you need to remember to leave room for the future chimney. - Twelfth row. In it, bricks are laid directly on the mortar layer, and a place is also being prepared for the further installation of the hob.
We also determine the size of the consumables that we have already prepared for our oven. - The slabs are laid on top of the thirteenth row, and a hot water tank is also installed, which partially heats the chimney.
- The fourteenth row provides for the installation of a chimney.
After meeting all the requirements, a clear sequence and recommendations, your stove will function for a long time, and will also warm you and your loved ones.
Advice. It is necessary to properly and timely carry out work on the maintenance of furnaces.
It is believed that the most optimal method of warming a small country house- This is the installation of a heating and cooking stove. The most affordable option for such an oven is the Swedish oven. The ordering of such a stove includes the installation of a fireplace and compliance with certain rules.
The heating and cooking stove "Swede", equipped with a fireplace, can be assembled both with your own hands and purchased. However, making it yourself is not so difficult. Even an inexperienced craftsman in the furnace business, subject to the rules and procedures, will be able to make a reliable and safe heating and cooking structure.
Today we will tell you what the order of the Swede oven with your own hands is and what is required for its construction. You can see photos of finished furnace structures below.
Benefits of a Swedish oven
Undoubtedly, one of the key advantages of the Swedish oven is its combined structure. The heating and cooking stove is used not only for heating a small room, but also for cooking. You can also make a stove with your own hands with certain functions that interest you. For example, in such a heating and cooking structure it is possible to build an oven or put a niche for storing food.
Swede oven
Optionally, the stove can be equipped with a lounger and other structures. This heating and cooking model has a number of advantages such as:
However, it is worth remembering that it is impossible to assemble a Swedish oven from improvised materials. They must be of high quality so that the oven can serve you well and for a long time in the future.
Do-it-yourself Swede oven: ordering, materials and installation features
The key material for the construction of a do-it-yourself heating and cooking Swede is a red ceramic brick. Categorically it is forbidden to use previously used brick for masonry, for example, from an old disassembled furnace. Use fireclay bricks for the firebox.
Also prepare the following set of materials for work:
- furnace design;
- blew;
- cleaning doors;
- oven;
- grates and gate valves;
- steel strip.
The quantity of these materials and their dimensions should be selected depending on the type of the furnace itself, its dimensions and in accordance with the chosen order.
Like other types brick ovens, the Swede should be laid on a foundation, which must first be prepared. Its installation does not differ from the installation of a similar one during the construction of other heating and cooking and other types of stove and heating structures.
Remember that the size of the foundation must exceed the size of the furnace. It is laid out on the basis of crushed stone and broken bricks, then poured in layers with concrete. Last foundation layer to be waterproofed and then you can carry out the laying of bricks according to the order of the structure.
When laying, it is necessary to observe evenness of the surface and strength. From the inside, the channels should have a smooth surface, and the seams should not contain voids and excess mortar for masonry. The seams should be controlled with a level, they should not be too thick. If a ceramic brick is used, the permissible parameter in this case is half a centimeter, and if fireclay, then 0.3 cm, respectively. Bandage them should be half a brick.
Be sure to monitor the cross section of the smoke channel so that it does not change during the operation of the furnace. If it starts to narrow even a little, flue gases cannot escape normally and can get into the room, forming smoke.
Masonry begins with the first row and it is very important to lay it out with maximum accuracy, because it is he who determines the reliability and strength of the entire furnace. When laying it use a level to control evenness.
After the first row is laid out, put the door for the blower. Then follow the order when laying subsequent rows. To form the inner space of the blower, the firebox and other internal elements of the furnace, the bricks should be slightly chipped. It is very important that the upper masonry part and the height of the doors match. In the next row, the doors overlap.
Remember that bricks and metal have different configurations in terms of heat expansion, when installing them side by side, keep a gap of one and a half centimeters. Fill the gaps with dry sand, and seal the space around the combustion chamber and the firebox itself with fireclay. Avoid deviations and distortions at this stage of work, so that you can easily put a cast iron hob for cooking on the masonry.
Technical characteristics of the Swedish oven
So, we found out that the Swede is equipped with the following features:
- can serve heating device for a room with a small area;
- if you have a hob, you can cook food on it;
- you can use the oven for cooking.
If your Vacation home has an area of more than 30 square meters, it is better to install not an ordinary Swede, but its improved modification, designed for larger rooms. In particular, it will not be easy to heat a two-story house using the classic model.
Even if you choose a furnace of a different design or modification, its dimensions will not be large. Besides, Swedes are incredibly economical in terms of fuel consumption. For example, if you use coal for heating, then in a season you will spend no more than one and a half tons of this fuel. Also used as fuel materials such as:
- firewood;
- peat;
- pellets;
- other types of solid fuel.
It all depends on the design of the furnace and its features.
Most often, the Swedish oven is placed next to the wall that separates the rooms and the kitchen. The front part goes into the kitchen, where there is a stove and oven, and the back part goes into the room. There you can install a sunbed on it or add a fireplace.
How to put the Swedish oven into operation?
It is best to start this type of stove in the summer or when it is warm enough. Thus, the masonry can dry naturally. And if all the work was carried out in winter, then the masonry will have to be dried with the help of various devices, for example, fan heaters or heat guns.
After the masonry is completely dry, you can try to put the stove into operation. The trial run includes the following steps:
- fire drying - heat finely chopped firewood twice a day, each time starting no more than five kilograms at a time. It is advisable to choose wood that does not emit soot when burned, such as aspen;
- the stove is dried out if there is no moisture on the smoke dampers during the combustion.
For heating purposes or cooking, it is impossible to use the stove until it is completely dry, otherwise it will collapse prematurely. After you dry it fire up the stove every day with little fuel.
As you can see from the above, assembling a Swedish oven with your own hands is very simple. So you save yourself from the need to invest heavily in heating the country house and call the masters. The main thing is to clearly follow the order and you will get a reliable design that will last you a very long period.
The Swedish multifunctional heating and cooking stove presented in our publication is a rather serious structure that not everyone is able to fold with their own hands. But if you are keenly interested in its construction and have already built your first stove, then you will surely cope with this task. First, we propose to understand the design of heaters of this type, and then consider the nuances of their construction.
Design features
The classic Swedish oven, shown in the sectional diagram, consists of the following elements:
- the firebox and the ash chamber located under it;
- cast iron hob;
- oven, installed on the same level with the grate;
- above the stove there is a niche for drying things, if desired, it can be divided into several small compartments - a stove;
- the system of vertical channels (smoke circulations) occupies the entire rear part of the heater.
There are 2 indispensable attributes by which the Swede can be unmistakably distinguished from other designs found on the Internet and technical literature. Firstly, this oven does not happen without an oven, and secondly, it always has a network of 3 smoke turns in the back.
Reference. Thanks to its successful design, the Swedish stove became the basis for the development of more complex and efficient heat sources. An example is a two-bell heater without an oven by A. Batsulin or a stove with a fireplace in the back of A. Ryazankin, shown in the photo.
The traditional Swedish oven works like this: when wood is burned in the firebox, infrared heat from the flame is transferred hob, and from it to the room air. The other part of the heat, together with the products of combustion, passing through the vertical partition, washes the body of the oven, and then rushes through the passage in the lower part into the duct system. There, the flue gases make 3 turns, heating the solid brickwork of the back wall, and are thrown out through the chimney.
The front niche, located at the top, receives heat from 2 sides - from below from the stove and from behind from the chimneys. Thanks to this distribution and the developed system of thermal extraction from flue gases, the efficiency of the heating unit reaches 60%. The device and the order of construction of a classic Swede, see the video:
Pros and cons
The popularity of the heating and cooking Swedish stove is due to its many advantages:
- high efficiency (efficiency of about 60%);
- relatively small dimensions in plan;
- the ability to transform under the individual conditions of the developer;
- multifunctionality;
- reliability in work.
Note. Like the Dutch oven, this design can be “stretched” over 2 floors, although it will lose a little in efficiency. For the organization of furnace heating two-story house the height of the rear part with vertical gas ducts is increased, as is done in the diagram.
Of the minuses of the Swede, it is worth noting:
- The complexity of construction, as well as the demands on the quality of materials and chimney draft. The latter should be enough to ensure the movement of gases through a developed network of channels.
- A secondary drawback is that, due to the structural features, the stove heats the floors, which is “treated” by laying 4-5 sheets of basalt cardboard on the foundation as thermal insulation.
- There is nowhere to put a water boiler in the furnace. Instead of an oven, it cannot be mounted - due to the sharp cooling of gases at the exit from the furnace, their movement through the channels will slow down greatly.
Laying guide for classic swedish
The step-by-step construction of a Swedish oven made of bricks with your own hands looks like this:
- Procurement of materials in accordance with the selected scheme.
- Laying the foundation of a house.
- Construction of the heater and chimney.
- Trial ignition and warm-up.
Ideally, work is carried out during the construction of the building, when the floors and interior cladding of the premises have not yet been made. In a residential building, you will have to disassemble the floors and even break the screed at the installation site, since it cannot act as a reliable foundation for a structure weighing a ton or more.
In the photo - a classic Swede built into an interior partition
Advice. The best option for placing the stove is to build it into the partition between the kitchen and the living room. Then the entire plane of the back wall will serve as a heating shield for a large room. It is desirable that in this case the chimney does not fall into the ridge beam of the roof.
Building materials kit
To consider the laying of a traditional Swede, we chose a model with a capacity of 3.2 kW, which is guaranteed to provide heat for rooms with a total area of up to 40 m², and with good insulation - up to 50 m². The structure shown in the photo has dimensions in terms of 1080 x 885 mm and a height of 203 cm (excluding the chimney).
For construction, it is necessary to purchase the following materials and furnace fittings:
- full-bodied ceramic brick - 551 pcs.;
- fireclay bricks (brand SHA-8) - 32 pcs.;
- grate 20 x 30 cm;
- oven dimensions 45 x 25 x 29 cm;
- cast iron hob 410 x 710 mm;
- doors: fuel 21 x 25 cm, ash pan 14 x 25 cm, revision 14 x 14 cm (3 pieces are needed);
- valves: exhaust 130 x 130 mm, chimney 250 x 130 mm.
To form a niche, you will need a steel corner with equal shelves 45 mm wide and a 50 x 5 mm tire. Masonry mortar is strongly recommended to be made from ready-made building mixtures for stoves and fireplaces, sold in dry form. As mentioned above, the Swede is very demanding on the quality of building materials, so you should not lay it out of ravine clay.
Rubble foundation device
The base of the stove must protrude beyond its dimensions by at least 5 cm on all sides, it must be separated from the foundation of the building with the same gap. In our case, the size of the pit will be rounded to 120 x 100 cm. It is easy to determine the depth: be guided by the existing foundation tape on which your private house rests.
After digging a hole, proceed to lay the foundation, using the algorithm:
- Make a compacted sand cushion 100 mm thick.
- Fill the pit with broken stone (but) to the level of the soil and thoroughly spill all the cavities with a liquid solution of clay mixed with cement.
- Using the same solution, form a flat area, which, after solidification, must be covered with 2 layers of roofing material for the purpose of waterproofing.
The foundations of the building and the stove are laid to the same depth, but are not connected to each other
Note. Before backfilling the walls of the pit with stones, it also does not hurt to wrap it with roofing material so that the liquid solution is not absorbed by the soil.
- fill the reinforced concrete slab to the level of the finished floor, as written in;
- lay out the walls of red brick at the same height, and again fill the inner cavity with a rubble and level it with mortar in accordance with the diagram:
We lay out the oven in order
Before you start directly laying the Swedish stove, read the rules for its implementation:
- Each row of bricks, starting from the first, is best assembled dry. So you make sure that the masonry is correct and you can clearly file the stones in the right places.
- Refractory and ordinary masonry is built separately with a gap of 6 mm; dressing of different bricks is not allowed.
- Red bricks are soaked in water before laying, while fireclay bricks are only rinsed.
- The maximum joint thickness is no more than 5 mm, in refractory masonry - 3 mm.
- Each brick is aligned horizontally with the adjacent one by lightly tapping with a rubber mallet. The vertical is checked with a plumb line in different places after laying the next 2 rows.
- Excess mortar from the outside is removed with a trowel, and inside the entire surface is rubbed with a wet cloth in order to achieve maximum smoothness.
Reminder. For masonry of different materials, use a different solution. Red brick is bonded with a clay-sand mixture, and fireclay stone with a special refractory mortar.
Before starting work, draw a contour on the foundation slab where the Swede stove should be built according to the rules. Then lay a sheet of roofing iron and basalt cardboard, and then proceed to prepare the masonry mortar, strictly observing the proportions (indicated on the bags).
The first 2 rows are laid continuous, and starting from the third, an ash pan and bottoms of vertical smoke turns are formed. A blower door is installed with wire fixation, then the walls of the chamber are laid out of red bricks, the refractory lining goes above. Next, a grate and an oven are mounted, and then a cast-iron stove.
Rows from the 12th to the 17th form vertical gas ducts and an opening above the slab, after which corners are installed on the walls. Then there are 3 rows of overlapping (from the 18th to the 20th), and starting from the 21st, a niche with stoves is laid out. The three contours of the smoke channels on the back wall are invariably repeated up to the 31st row.
On the 31st row, an overlap is again made with steel corners, and the next 32nd level covers all holes and channels, except for the chimney. The last 33-35 rows are continuous, then the laying of the pipe begins. Its height depends on the design of the roof, and cutting must be made in the ceiling to protect the ceiling material from fire. The size of the cut, fluff and all fire indents are shown in the diagram.
After 10-14 days, when the clay and fireclay solution dries (it dries, not hardens), the Swede can be ignited for the first time. The rule is simple: do not rush and do not throw a lot of firewood at once, start with chips and gradually add more logs. The goal is to slowly and evenly heat the furnace body, monitoring the condition of the walls and noting cracks if any occur.
The entire construction procedure from foundation to masonry is detailed in the following video:
Stove with stove bench
A stove bench measuring 65 x 178 cm can be attached to a traditional Swedish stove, as shown in the diagram. This horizontal part is heated by flue gases directed through channels from the fuel compartment.
Having passed the gas ducts of the bed, the combustion products enter the network of horizontal channels arranged in the upper part of the heater. Having transferred heat to the brick walls, they are safely removed through the chimney. The construction process in this case differs only in the shape of the foundation and the stove itself. The design is detailed in the next video.
Conclusion
To fold the Swedish oven yourself, you need to have some skills in this area. Therefore, our publication is designed for beginners who are already familiar with the basics of furnace business. If you have never built simpler brick heaters before, then you should not immediately take on the Swedish stove, without proper practice you will make a lot of mistakes.
The Swedish stove is a rather complex design. A beginner with its construction is unlikely to be able to cope. You need to have at least minimal experience as a mason to create such a structure. In terms of efficiency, it is not much inferior to the Russian stove, but it heats up much faster and takes up less space. She is loved at least for these two qualities, which she is not limited to. Let us consider in detail what a Swedish stove is and how to build it.
Description of the model "Swede"
The Swede oven is a kind of modern version heating equipment. This heating and cooking structure is usually installed in the wall between the bedroom or living room and the kitchen. From the side of the room adjacent to the kitchen, at the discretion of the owner, you can attach a comfortable couch that can be adapted under the bed, thereby saving space, or a fireplace. There are 3 main models of Swedes: heating and cooking, not providing for other elements; a fireplace stove and a “Swede”, which has a comfortable warm lounger, indispensable in winter. It is believed that if you catch a cold, then you need to sleep on warm bricks, and the cold will be removed as if by hand. It will also be useful to lie down on such a stove for those who have sore joints and lower back. Depending on the free area, you can choose one or another model of construction.
Some may think that stoves are a long forgotten past. However, it is not. Increasingly, owners of suburban dwellings are installing this structure for themselves. This is because the brick oven is environmentally friendly for the home in the first place. It is also an economical heat source. And, in the end, it's so beautiful!
Photo gallery: varieties of Swedish ovens
Swede with a fireplace
Cooking part of the Swedish with an oven and a place for drying fruit
The Swedish stove is not only useful, but also a beautiful thing. Erecting it can be used to decorate arched vaults, figured bricks. You can additionally finish it, for example, with tiles.
Advantages and disadvantages (table)
Advantages | Flaws |
Small size. | Furnace laying is a long and painstaking process. This design also dries for a long time. |
High efficiency. Even the smallest stove can heat a house of 35 square meters. | The firebox of the structure is made in the entire width of the furnace, which is why it is not very convenient to lay out firewood in such a long space. |
"Winter" and "summer" mode. | |
The firebox and channels are made of refractory bricks for greater reliability. | |
Its location in the wall between the kitchen and the room affects the practical simultaneous heating of both rooms. | |
Materials for construction and equipment for its installation are simple and not expensive. | |
The ability to make a comfortable bed or fireplace. |
The principle of operation and the device of the stove
Every Swede has a metal oven designed for more than just baking. The flame does not reach it, but the heat quickly heats the metal and when the door is open, it begins to emit heat. Thus, firewood is burned in the furnace part, and the heat goes through the channel to the oven and from there it spreads through the kitchen. The oven is located below the firebox, but the stove channels are designed so that heat descends through them and the stove is heated from the floor. At the top of the stove there is a spacious niche where you can put and dry outerwear. It also has a niche above the stove, which is closed with a wooden lid. It is needed in order to put cooked dishes there, where they will keep warm for a long time.
In the Swede there is no outlet between the firebox and the chimney. Instead, an overflow is made under the oven, which saves money and makes the product easier.
Remember about the view! It must be closed at the moment when all the fuel has burned down and only smoldering coals remain. Do this earlier, and carbon monoxide will go into the room; forget to close - the heat will quickly go away.
There are two ways to build furnace channels: vertical and horizontal. Earlier it was said that the heating comes from the bottom up. Heating comes from smoldering coals and a second heat. When installing a vertical channel system, the bottom warms up more weakly, but there is less soot accumulation. The horizontal system gives best heating stove, but it needs to be cleaned regularly.
Schemes of vertical and horizontal masonry channels
In order for the product to serve for a long time and properly, it is necessary to use only high-quality materials and not skimp on them, to comply with all sizes, rules and order when laying is not just necessary, but mandatory!
Some building details
- The quality of heating depends on the size of the firebox.
- All dimensions of the building must exactly correspond to professional drawings.
In this regard, some sizes have been approved:
- The plate should be 71x41 centimeters.
- Firebox - 330x356x506 millimeters.
- Wind department - 305x381x506 millimeters.
- The size of the walls of the oven is very important. If you make them too thin, they will quickly burn out. And if you make them thick, they will warm up for a long time and quickly give off heat. This will lead to incomplete combustion of the fuel and the deposition of soot. In this case, the efficiency will drop significantly. The size of the walls should be from 4 to 6 millimeters.
- The plate must be made of cast iron or special steel.
Step-by-step instructions: design with a stove bench
The model of this design is very bulky due to the sunbed attached at the back. But it's a great idea to replace the bed in country house. Housing of 30 squares will be perfectly heated by a stove measuring 1781x1280 millimeters, where the length of the lounger itself will be 1781 millimeters, and it will be 630 millimeters wide.
Required materials (table)
Foundation
It is recommended to do it even at the stage of laying the foundation of the house itself, where the stove will be located. But the oven is not always planned at the stage of building a house, so you often have to make holes in the finished floor. But in any case, the foundation of the stove and the foundation of the concrete building must be separated from each other. Otherwise, in case of unsuccessful shrinkage of one side, the other may also warp, thereby deforming the entire masonry.
For the construction of such a powerful unit, an appropriate foundation is needed, which will go into the depth of the soil by almost a meter, or rather by 70 centimeters. If the soil freezes deeper, then the hole, respectively, should be dug deeper. This information should be taken care of in advance.
If the construction of the stove takes place in an already finished house, and not at the construction stage, then the marking of the future Swede is right on the floor, with the condition that the hole in it should be 10–15 centimeters larger than the foundation in all directions.
After the markings and the hole in the floor are made, you need to mark the ground and dig a pit. Fill the bottom with sand moistened with water. Tamp him down too. The thickness of the compacted sand layer should be 10-20 centimeters. Specific data depends on the depth of the excavated pit. Then comes a layer of rubble 15-15 centimeters, also well-packed. Next, install the formwork, fix roofing material on its walls for waterproofing. The formwork should rise above the soil layer to the entire height of the foundation, which either does not reach the floor by 1 layer of bricks, or rises above it by 8–10 centimeters.
Coarse crushed stone + cement + sand = concrete for pouring the pit. This layer should be about 15 centimeters thick. Install the reinforcing mesh and press it into the concrete solution.
The next layer is a thinner cement mortar. It is poured into the height of the soil, leveled and left to harden. On a slightly hardened surface, the reinforcing structure is again laid and poured with concrete to the height of the entire formwork. This layer is leveled and left until completely hardened, for about a month.
When everything is ready, it is necessary to remove the upper part of the formwork and lay waterproofing on the foundation (2-3 layers of roofing material, which must first be glued in thickness).
Another version of the foundation for the furnace
The foundation is finished. Now you can proceed directly to the laying of the furnace itself.
Furnace masonry
Laying is carried out according to the ordering scheme.
Scheme-ordering the stove with a stove bench
If you follow this scheme, then the work will proceed as follows:
- The first two rows set the direction of laying the entire structure. They are laid flat.
- On the third row, gas outlet channels, a blower chamber begin to form, and the door is installed.
- The fourth row provides for the installation of doors for the cleaning chamber and the preparation of a place for a grate.
- 5th row - installation of firebox doors and grate laying.
- 6th row - the oven is mounted.
- The 7th row finishes laying the lounger and begins laying the hob of the stove.
- The 8th, 9th and 10th rows are stacked according to the scheme. The walls of the firebox are erected in them, and a chamber is also built around the oven.
- The 11th row provides for the installation of a hob. It is necessary to lay pieces of asbestos under its edges, and fix its front part with a steel corner.
- 12–16th rows - the wall surrounding the hob is lined up.
- On the seventeenth row, the niche must be covered with metal strips and reinforced with a corner. At the same stage, the first chimney valve is installed. First, the valve frame is mounted on the solution, then the movable part is mounted on it.
- The 18-26th rows are laid out strictly according to the scheme.
- The second chimney valve must be installed on the 27th row.
- The last stage is the construction of the chimney pipe.
Video: building a Swede with a stove bench
Swede with a fireplace: construction stages
As in the previous case, for the construction of a stove with a fireplace, in no case should you skimp on good stuff. If you build, then build with quality! When purchasing materials, it will be better if you purchase bricks and mortar with a margin of 15%.
Materials (table)
Name | Amount) | Size (millimeters) | Purpose |
Red clinker brick | 717 + on the chimney pipe | Main masonry | |
Silicate / fireclay brick | 154 | Turning chambers | |
Sand | For a mixture of mortar | ||
Clay | |||
Cement | |||
steel wire | Diameter 4/5 mm | Fixing cast iron parts | |
Asbestos sheet and cord | Fire Safety | ||
steel corner | 2 | 50x50x5x1020/1030 mm | Fixing the hob surface |
steel strips | 3 | 50x5x920 | Creating the basis for laying a brick row above the cooking chamber |
2 | 50x5x54 | ||
2 | 50x5x48 | ||
grate | 1 | 200x300 | |
Furnace door | 1 | 210x250 | |
Cleaning chamber door | 8 | 140x140 | |
Blower door | 1 | 140x140 | |
Oven | 1 | 450x360x300 | |
Chimney dampers | 3 | 130x250 | |
hob | 1 | 410x710 | |
fireplace grate | 1 | 690/700 | |
A metal sheet | 2 | 500x700 |
The size of the future structure will be 102x890x217 cm + the fireplace insert, which will recede by 13 cm.
Furnace masonry
The foundation is being built in the same way as in the previous version of the furnace. As well as with a Swede with a stove bench, it is necessary to strictly follow the ordering plan. The photo gallery below shows a detailed masonry plan of this design.
Ordering a Swede with a fireplace (photo gallery)
1 row 2 row 3 row 4 row 5 row 6 row 7 row 8 row 9 row 10 row 11 row 12 row 13 row 14 row 15 row 16 row 17–18 row 19 row 21 row 22 row 23 row 24 row 25 row Row 26 Rows 27-28 Rows 29-30 Row 31 Row 32 Rows 25 and up Rows 13-24 Rows 1-6 Rows 7-12