How to make an economical stove with your own hands. Improvement of the stove to increase efficiency. The principle of operation of a potbelly stove for long burning
The potbelly stove in the truest sense of the word saved thousands of people from freezing. Such a device worked flawlessly, but the main drawback was too much fuel consumption. But the installation could be easily done by yourself.
Modern models have some differences:
- Compliance with fire safety requirements.
- Attractive appearance.
- Economy in fuel consumption.
Long burning models
Potbelly stove long burning outwardly resembles ordinary models. But not a single factory is engaged in the production of these devices, they are made by craftsmen on their own. In addition, the new metal potbelly stove looks like another stove - "Slobozhanka", and the difference lies in the way the fuel is burned. As it is used sawdust:
Reasons for cooking a steam oven. Steam ovens are among the best-selling appliances of the current era. It's not just for one reason. Prepare delicious, low-fat foods. Dishes retain their natural aroma and flavor and don't have to be too solitaire. This means that the steam oven bakes both healthy and economical. Steam ovens use much less energy to operate. At the same time, it is the most energy-efficient heat treatment of food.
Proper hot air, hot air with steam - for drying baked goods, grilling fish and vegetables and all types of meat. Manufacturers supplying steam ovens to our market. The current market for steam ovens is dominated by a few well-known manufacturers. Multifunctional steam ovens are their so-called higher level. Preparing food in a steam oven.
- Sawdust or chips for potbelly stoves are quite inexpensive, since fuel is always available.
- If the sawdust is additionally compressed, then they burn out longer, and one load of fuel is enough for 6-10 hours of burning.
The potbelly stove has an elongated shape and is made of two cylinders - a small one is placed inside a large one. The easiest option is to take two barrels of 200 and 100 liters. The small container acts as a combustion chamber, and the ash drawer is removed for cleaning through an opening at the bottom of the large barrel. There are diagrams and descriptions on how to make a potbelly stove with your own hands.
In multifunctional steam ovens, there is not even the smallest problem. The control system is electronic, so each user can set the appropriate function, temperature and time. When baking meat, it is not necessary to follow the set time. Another advantage is the temperature probe. Its task is to determine the temperature inside the meat roast.
The probe is not used for baking fat-free recipes. In this case, the user is directed according to the set time in this mode. When baking, it is recommended to release steam with open door. Then check the power, because steam can cause injury.
The potbelly stove has an elongated shape and is made of two cylinders - a small one is placed inside a large one.
Air is supplied to the furnace through a round hole located at the bottom of the small cylinder. For full combustion, you should slightly open the ash drawer. We advise you to study the material in more detail about that, and add the article to your bookmarks.
Steam ovens do not impose mud like conventional ovens. Remains of food or other contaminants are usually washed hot water and liquid detergent while the oven remains hot or fairly warm. The inner glass plate should be washed once a week with warm water and a few drops of detergent. It can usually be washed in the dishwasher. Separate grates, which are sometimes sprinkled with juice, for example, should be dipped into the sink with water and allowed to sit for a while.
If there is a longer stroke, you can use a sand cleaner. A simple cleaning of the inside of the steam oven can also be done with a bowl of water and lemon juice. It should be warmed up for about 20 minutes. The water will eventually evaporate and any grease and grime will be gone.
From above, the body of the device must be tightly closed with a lid, and a chimney pipe is mounted on the side between the stiffeners.
The principle of operation of a potbelly stove for long burning
The device of a potbelly stove for long burning does not have any tricks. It is designed according to the following scheme:
Modern stoves with a new design lead to much higher productivity, increase their efficiency and combustion quality, and, on the contrary, reduce exhalations. The benefits also reduce heating costs. This is not only a classic stove, but also fireplaces, and especially fireplace inserts or fireplace stoves of various design and construction. Stool in the living room.
Nowadays, heating is used not only for firewood, but also for waste sawdust, chips from branches, pellets, of course, waste wood, even bark, straw and other fuels. It is, of course, the kind of fuel that comes from right choice heater. Fireplaces and later fireplace inserts served as additional sources of heating. However, over time, the pleasant placement of bright flames has become a practical necessity to find and find alternatives to other heat sources, and in many houses and homes, fireplaces naturally burn naturally.
- A cone is placed vertically through the open lid at the top of the potbelly stove.
- The combustion chamber is filled to the brim with sawdust, which is then tightly packed.
- The cone can be removed, the lid closed and ignition started.
- For ignition, wood chips, small wood are placed in the ash box and set on fire. The drawer should not be pushed all the way in - this will leave a gap for air circulation.
- The chimney creates a draft that helps the sawdust to smolder, and the stove starts to work.
- Combustion products after leaving the furnace, heat the walls of the potbelly stove and get out through the pipe. This method of space heating makes it possible to obtain up to 40 - 50% of heat from flue gas, that is, a device with high efficiency, and the duration of one burning reaches 10 hours.
Behind the fireplace, we call such stoves where we see a burning fire and which passes part of the radiant heat through the interior. However, this heat source is not only an aesthetic and impressive issue, but must also meet relatively strict standards. The wall on which the fireplace is installed must not be supplied with electricity, water or gas. The room where the fireplace is located must not have an air extraction device that will cause backwashing and leakage of flue gases into the fireplace area.
Air conditioning can only be overpressure. For good burning fireplace insert, it is recommended to supply air from outside into the space below. If this is not technically possible, the air supply must be provided by means of window micro-ventilation.
Rules for the manufacture of potbelly stoves
Before starting the assembly, you should prepare everything in advance necessary tools and materials:
- inverter welding machine;
- grinder equipped with circles for cutting metal;
- drill;
- square with a tape measure;
- other locksmith tools.
Fireplaces - inspirational photo gallery
Additional standards are related to floor loading, insulation, chimney, etc. In many country houses and recreational buildings, the original tiled stove has been preserved. Which of us, in childhood, did not convince Honzu of his roar in a hot oven, who did not hear stories about grandmother's cakes or ducks baked in the same oven on pine cones. It was a recession at the time, but it gradually turned into a simple, effective and, above all, powerful heating. A modern stove stove is built today with a built-in fireplace insert.
Video: long-burning stove from a barrel
The easiest way to make potbelly stoves is to take metal barrels as a basis. The top should be carefully cut off from each, and metal handles and locking mechanisms should be attached to the resulting part by welding for tight contact with the lid.
Advice! Both drums should be thoroughly washed before assembling, as when heated, acrid smoke with an unpleasant odor may begin to come out of them, depending on the previous contents of the containers.
Similar criteria apply to fireplaces. Thanks to the massive tiles and complex solution, the fireplace stove has acquired the ability to accumulate and, in particular, a large area for heat radiation. The alternative are cast iron stoves with a fireplace, lined with fireclay tile fittings. The combination of materials ensures the high inertia of the stones. Both stovetop and cast iron stoves can be equipped with a hot water heat exchanger. Small buildings use hot air distribution systems.
One heat source, for example on the ground floor, can then reliably heat or at least moderate the attic. An alternative, also suitable for residential interiors, is the gas fireplace insert with an excellent heat output of up to 12 kW. However, despite the convenient remote control, the classics argue that the effect of flashing flames and bright burning coals is somewhat artificial. Modern heaters made of high quality cast iron combined with special thick-walled steel.
Assembly steps
- A rectangular opening measuring 25 by 10 cm is made in the lower part of a large barrel - a drawer is subsequently mounted there.
- Two guides from the corner are attached to the bottom of the barrel, the dimensions of which are 2.5 by 2.5 cm.
- For the inner diameter of the container sheet metal a pallet 1–2 cm thick is cut out. In the potbelly stove, it will become a support for the combustion chamber and isolate it from the ash pan.
- A hole with a diameter of 6 cm is cut in the center of the resulting pallet and at the bottom of a small barrel. Then the pallet is welded or placed on a stand of steel supports so that the distance from the bottom of the container is at least 15 cm.
- Before final assembly, a hole for the gas duct pipe should be cut in the barrel body. In order to be able to monitor and change the intensity of combustion, a damper with a handle is built into the nozzle.
Intelligent air distributions provide a clean fire door glass, the design provides both sensitive power control in the range of 2 - 14 kW, as well as a highly efficient secondary combustion system and economical operation. Some products include, for example, a central air supply that allows air to be supplied to the combustion chamber from outside, i.e. unused or less used rooms. Fireplace inserts with this equipment do not depend on the amount of air in the heated room, so they do not divert natural moisture.
- At the end of the work, a small container is installed inside a large one so that all the holes in them coincide.
Advice! A firebox made from an ordinary barrel will not last long, therefore it is possible to make long-burning potbelly stoves on sawdust by using a pipe of a suitable diameter for the combustion chamber equipment.
This leads to the maintenance of a stable and pleasant climate. It does not consume once heated air and results in lower energy costs. Approximate area of heated premises is 250 m². The boiler is equipped as standard with a microprocessor controller and blower.
The price includes the cost of transportation to the place indicated by the client. Equipped with controller and blower for efficient and economical heating premises with an area of not more than 250 m². A microprocessor controller connected to the blower helps to reach the desired temperature and then maintains it 24 hours a day. The control of the combustion process is carried out automatically, so that the operation of the furnace is limited to the minimum necessary. In addition to fuel, it is important to burn combustible gases, which positively affects the efficiency of the boiler.
- The final stage of the assembly of the structure is the formation of a cone for loading fuel 1.5 meters long. It can be made from wood or metal. Regardless of the material, the bottom of the cone must fit well through the round hole in the pan.
Covering the oven with bricks
- Before proceeding with brick lining, it is necessary to check the strength of the floor. In the absence of a foundation, a stove weighing up to 800 kg can be installed on a floor made of wood, provided that it is in good condition. A sheet of metal must be placed under the potbelly stove.
The structure of the furnace is made of high-quality 6 mm sheet metal, protected by thermal insulation, which is responsible for reducing heat loss. The oven is suitable for connecting an internal heat exchanger. The kit includes a thermometer, controller, blower and oven cleaning tools. We offer the option of upgrading the kit with a pump, a three-way valve or a four-way valve, boiler connections and especially recommended smoke and smoke detectors. To determine the exact contents of the kit and its price, please contact us by e-mail or by phone.
- A sheet of steel is attached to the walls of the room near the furnace, equipped with a substrate of their asbestos cement.
- Between the laying of the furnace and the sheet of metal on the wall, you need to leave a gap 3-5 cm long. During heating, the metal heats up more than the brick and expands, so if the stove is tightly located, it may subsequently collapse. And free space also helps the process of air convection.
Chimney outlet direction: centrally behind; up; left or right, Oven door opening direction - right or left. We invite you to take advantage of our services, backed by many years of experience and the satisfaction of hundreds of customers. Condensation pumps are much more efficient than the most modern non-condensing pumps. As a result of combustion, carbon dioxide and water are formed, as well as some residues from the combustion process, which do not affect the efficiency of the condensing boiler. And there is a source of potential savings.
If the boiler condenses the water vapor in the exhaust, it will take heat from it and transfer it to the boiler room. Condensation is simply the condensation of water vapor and hence the name condensing boilers. The definition of boiler efficiency was established in the past, referring to the calorific value of the fuel. This, however, is only a fraction of the energy that can be used in the combustion process, since it does not take into account the heat lost along with the water vapor contained in the exhaust. Only by condensing water vapor will we fully use the heat released during the combustion of fuel, that is, its calorific value.
- Immediately before the start of laying, marking is carried out taking into account the gap. The outer boundary of the furnace is marked and the first row should be solid. The next row necessarily contains 1 - 2 holes in accordance with the size of the potbelly stove. Other rows are made according to the principle of the first row.
- The outer wall of the device is lined for ease of use - the door must close tightly.
- A metal corner is formed above the door and the upper rows of bricks are already located on it.
It is always higher than the calorific value of the heat of the water vapor condensate, also called the latent heat. With a closed combustion chamber and, as a rule, condensing boilers, you can safely install them outside the boiler room, for example, in the kitchen or in the bathroom, without worrying about your own safety.
Standing, hanging, with or without tray
Exhaust flue gases with an air duct / chimney allow you to install the boiler in the attic. Plain chimney With high temperature with an open combustion chamber is often too short. Join us and stay tuned for updates. Many manufacturers also offer standing boilers with a built-in storage tank, mostly layered. In order for the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing from the heat exchanger to fall below the dew point, the temperature of the heating water returning from the system to the boiler must be as low as possible.
The outer wall of the potbelly stove is lined for ease of use - the door should close tightly.
- The top of the potbelly stove is lined at the discretion of the owner, since in terms of work it does not play any role. The vault can be built as a vault or, conversely, made flat.
The lower the temperature of the environment, the lower the temperature of the wall of the heat exchanger in the boiler and more water vapor condenses. This increases the amount of heat that is generated. They only happen a few dozen times a year. More low temperatures return can be achieved through the use of thermostatic valves, usually installed in individual houses.
The heaters in such installations often have oversized heating surfaces and may remain unchanged even after the condensing boiler has been installed. Although condensing boilers are generally considered to operate most economically in systems floor heating, they can also work with heatsinks. However, when the system supply water temperature is lower, the radiator surfaces must be larger so that they can provide enough heat to the room. Calorific value is the amount of heat released during the complete and complete combustion of 1 m 3 of fuel, when the resulting steam is removed by the exhaust. from the boiler. The calorific value is the amount of heat released during complete and complete combustion of 1 m 3 of fuel, and the extraction of heat contained in water vapor, i.e. during its condensation. Condensing boilers are made as hanging or standing, one - and two-sided.
How to fire up the oven
- To kindle a potbelly stove, you first need to remove the lid from it and remove the device through which air enters.
- Next, you can start laying firewood. When stacked vertically, more fuel enters the firebox.
- The top layer is laid with dry chips to increase heat transfer, and a rag or paper soaked in a combustible substance is placed on them.
- Firewood is covered with a pancake to organize the air supply and a lid from the stove.
- After opening the damper, a burning rag or paper is thrown into the pipe where the air circulates.
- After the firewood is lit, the damper closes completely.
Note! A long-burning potbelly stove with proper operation can work without adding fuel for more than 24 hours.
Tips for the correct use and care of the device
- Putting a potbelly stove in a residential area is not so easy, you should carefully approach the solution of this issue. Do not place the oven too close to a wall or other load-bearing structures in the room. It is important to observe a minimum distance of 5-7 cm. It is best to prepare drawings in advance.
- Before installing the stove on the floor, it is required to lay non-combustible material as a basis for a potbelly stove. This fire safety rule will help to avoid fire when a spark hits the floor.
- Installing the oven yourself is not too difficult, but you will need to figure out the diagram and instructions. A man can easily master this work.
- It is also necessary not to forget about the rules for handling the chimney. If the potbelly stove works with gas, then it is recommended to use a coaxial method for removing carbon monoxide. Provided that the fuel is coal or wood, a vertical chimney should be built. coaxial chimney may not cope with the large amount of soot resulting from heating the room with wood or sawdust.
- Modern models are able to work on a firebox different materials. Naturally, the first potbelly stoves worked only on solid fuel, but the presence of other energy carriers in human life played a role and made it possible to design even more modern units. So, in accordance with the way the potbelly stove works, it is installed on it gas-burners or special heating elements.
An economical potbelly stove is easy to operate and it works on the burning of sawdust, it is perfect for heating large rooms. All that is required from the master is the desire to build a furnace, time and some professional skills. A potbelly stove with a high heat output is increasingly becoming an indispensable means of heating, both in summer cottages and in apartments.
When you need an affordable and economical way of heating, many people think about making a potbelly stove that runs on waste oil. In this article you will find a description of a typical design, as well as ways to increase the efficiency of the device and make the oven more autonomous.
Working principle of oil furnace
Initially, burning used oil was only one of the available means of its disposal. Craftsmen could not get past such an energy-intensive fuel and created stoves in which oil burns with minimal soot and soot.
1 - waste oil; 2 - lower oil tank; 3 - damper for regulating the air supply; 4 - pipe with holes for air; 5 - combustion chamber; 6 - upper container; 7 - partition; 8 - chimney
Any oil or fuel oil can be used as fuel, as well as some pasty lubricants. Volatile liquids such as kerosene, gasoline or solvents cannot be used in the oven, but a small amount of them can be used when lighting.
Design Description
Structurally, the oil furnace consists of two combustion chambers connected by a fairly wide perforated pipe. Since most furnaces are made from improvised materials and scrap metal, it makes no sense to adhere to strict dimensions, the proportions of individual structural elements are much more important.
The lower chamber of the furnace is a tank of arbitrary shape, which, when filled by 2/3, can hold 5-7 liters of fuel. The power of the furnace and the rate of combustion of the fuel are directly proportional to the area of the lower chamber. The frequency of adding oil to the furnace depends on its capacity, so often the lower chamber is made very voluminous, up to 20-30 liters. Such a downward shift of the center of gravity ensures, among other things, the stability of the structure.
3 or 4 legs with bolts at the ends are welded to the bottom of the chamber so that it is possible to adjust the installation level. Also, an oil supply pipe cuts into the bottom, which bends into a siphon for a water seal. It makes sense to bring the end of the tube into an adjacent container of approximately the same size, which acts as a fuel tank. The bottom of the tank should be 2-3 cm below the bottom of the stove in order to completely drain the oil.
A hole with a movable damper is necessarily cut out in the upper wall of the lower chamber to regulate the incoming air and, accordingly, the oil heating temperature. Also, a pipe with a diameter of at least 100 mm and a length of 35-70 cm is cut into the upper wall. Holes 12-16 mm in diameter are made on its surface in 6 or 8 rows at a distance of 7-10 cm from each other.
The upper chamber of the furnace usually duplicates the lower one in size and shape, but it can be much larger. The higher the internal volume, the more complete combustion can be achieved, but in a chamber that is too spacious, the temperature will be insufficient.
It should be remembered that the manufacture of the furnace and its further refinement are purely experimental in nature, the same product, depending on the placement conditions, can work with different efficiencies. Over time, from a simple potbelly stove for heating a garage or workshop, such a stove can turn into a full-fledged heating unit for the whole house, capable of operating in automatic mode. To do this, the furnace is equipped with a drip oil supply, a water heat exchanger or forced pressurization.
Why you need boost
To improve the efficiency of the furnace, air fans of two types are used: pressurization and external blowing. The latter option is appropriate if an impressive room is heated by the stove and it is not necessary to rely on natural air convection. In this case, a conventional fan helps the case to transfer heat more efficiently, the air flow is directed to the place of greatest heat.
The internal blower is designed to enrich the upper chamber with oxygen, which contributes to a deeper decomposition of fuel particles, as well as its longer burning. With the use of forced air, the so-called "blue flame" appears, indicating a smokeless combustion process.
Air is supplied by a conventional duct fan with a capacity of 250 m 3 per hour. It is usually placed on the floor next to the stove and connected to the upper chamber by a rigid air duct with a diameter of 100 or 110 mm. To connect the air duct, a piece of pipe of the required diameter is cut into the upper chamber, into which a damper is inserted to regulate the air flow. To avoid the occurrence of counterdraft, it is recommended to install a sensitive check valve immediately after the fan.
Oil oven with heat exchanger
Often, an oil furnace is used as a water heating boiler. This is possible after installing a heat exchanger in the upper combustion chamber. For good heat transfer, you will need a capacity of impressive size - about 30-50 liters. A heat exchanger is mounted inside the chamber, it can be a coil or a steel pipe system, or an internal tank.
Due to the fact that the passage of combustion products near the heat exchanger is difficult, soot and soot are formed much faster, and condensate may also appear during the ignition process. To facilitate cleaning, the heat exchanger must have at least one flanged connection sealed with asbestos cord.
The role of the coolant in the system is usually assigned to antifreeze or special liquids. The coolant must constantly move, so a circulation pump is built into the heating circuit.
Chimney Rules
For an oil stove, it is very important to have a stable and powerful draft, so the height of the chimney must be at least 4 meters. Usually for the device of the chimney channel use steel pipe diameter from 100 mm.
No more than two turns of the chimney are allowed, but only when correct device connections at corners and only from vertical to horizontal direction. Turns must be made through tees mounted on vertical segments. One of the branches of the tee must be directed straight down and have a removable metal plug to collect the resulting condensate.
The final vertical segment of the chimney can be made of asbestos-cement pipe, but a protective well made of bricks to a height of 2-2.5 meters will be required.
Ignition and operation of the furnace
For ignition, you can use paper or rags, or flammable liquids. In the first case, oil should be added in small portions to the combustion source. In the second, you need to add a small amount (50-70 grams) of solvent or gasoline to the first chamber, filled with oil by 2/3, and set it on fire with a lighter with a long torch as soon as possible, without waiting for the formation of explosive fumes.
In operation, the oil furnace is completely fireproof, its design does not allow the formation of an open flame. However, there is a risk of oil being ejected from the chamber due to overflow or water intrusion.
About once a month, you need to clean the oven: remove carbon deposits in a container with oil, after tapping the oven with a hammer. In the upper chamber, especially in the presence of a heat exchanger, soot accumulates faster and is poorly chipped, it must be brushed off with a metal brush. For ease of maintenance and cleaning, it is recommended to make the camera housings detachable. For example, using double-shouldered lids. The connection of the furnace to the chimney and fan must also be detachable.