Calculation of a two-pipe heating system for a private house. How is it different from a one-pipe system
Effective work autonomous systems water heating is one of the most important conditions for comfortable living in private households. The availability of installation, ease of operation, economy and efficiency make such complexes quite popular among owners of private houses. Almost today, up to 70% of private households in cities and towns of our country are heated in this way. From existing options in the first place is the two-pipe heating system of a private house - the most practical and affordable for autonomous heating housing.
In everyday life, you can find various schemes for heating a private house, however, it is up to the inhabitants of a residential building to choose which option for supplying heat is better. Many factors influence the choice of the structure of the heating system. Preference is given to one or another scheme based on the availability of funds from the owners of the house, the expected effect and the design features of the residential building. The two-pipe system is used more often in practice due to its high efficiency, reliability and ease of adjustment.
Two-pipe systems autonomous heating still commonly called. In other words, the circulation of the coolant from the boiler to the radiators is carried out along two circuits. The first pipe directly supplies heat from the boiler to the radiators, while the second pipe is designed to transport the cooled coolant back. Despite certain technical difficulties associated with the installation of the pipeline, the wiring diagram of this type of heating circuit is simple and understandable. For comparison, you can look at the diagram of a single-pipe and two-pipe heating structure in order to understand the fundamental differences and the principle of operation.
A single-pipe system is one circuit with a coolant. The two-pipe heating structure of a one-story house, in contrast to the one-pipe one, where the pipe with the coolant is one single circuit, is more flexible and technologically convenient. The batteries in this case are connected in parallel, which plays an important role in the operation process. Depending on household needs, each radiator can be removed from a single system at any time by closing the corresponding valve.
Important! The two-pipe horizontal heating scheme is convenient, practical in operation. Moreover, during the installation process, there is a real opportunity to divide the heating circuit into two wings, providing heat for almost the entire living area of the house.
The installation of a two-pipe horizontal type heating system is mainly used to heat one-story residential buildings, when the task is to connect a large number of radiators. Connecting batteries involves two options:
- ray;
- consistent.
The option with a beam connection of heating devices is also called radial. For serial connection, a conventional pair of pipelines is used. Both the first and second connection types have their advantages. In a radial connection, there is no need to install chokes that control the operation of radiators located close to the boiler. The temperature in all radiators is the same. This type is very convenient for private, one-story houses.
Good heating system with serial connection. Significantly saves consumables.
The good work of heating in a private house depends on many factors, starting with a competent choice of the type and type of heating, ending with a properly drawn up project. Hydraulic calculations, which are integral integral part project - the work of a qualified specialist. Adjustment of a two-pipe heating system is carried out before the start heating season when there is time to correct technical problems and inconsistencies.
Heating a private house may seem like a daunting task that requires the involvement of specialists. But a good owner can do it with his own hands.
Self-installed heating will not only save money, but also allow you to take into account all the nuances, because who, if not the owner of the house, knows him best?
There are supporters of both two-pipe (or double-circuit) and single-pipe home heating systems. Their main difference from each other lies in the names: a single-pipe design has one heat-carrying circuit encircling the entire system, while in a two-pipe design it is separated from the return coolant circuit.
Let's consider them in comparison.
- The main advantage and main feature of the two-circuit scheme is considered the possibility of separate regulation of heat transfer on each of the connected radiators. This allows you to arrange a separate climatic zone in each of the rooms of the house, setting the temperature in it at the request of the tenant.
- Another significant advantage of a two-pipe system is uniform temperature of the heat carrier along the entire circuit. In a single-circuit system, the loss of heat on each radiator leads to cooling of the water, and it will come to each subsequent radiator more and more cooled.
- The two-pipe heating system offers two installation schemes for multi-storey buildings at once. These options will be detailed below.
- The gap in the cost of two- and one-pipe heating systems is not too large.
Many refuse the double-circuit design, believing that the doubled pipe footage required for it will be too hard on the budget. In fact, this is not entirely true, because in systems with separate supply and return pipes of a smaller diameter can be used, and therefore cheaper. The same can be said about shutoff valves, fittings and fittings.
Device and main elements
Heating system comprises:
- heating boiler, which is a heating element, and can be gas or electric;
- expansion tank, which serves to compensate for the volume of the coolant when it is heated;
- circulation pump- it provides the movement of water along the contours;
- proper pipes along which the coolant moves;
- radiators, that is, metal devices that have a large area of \u200b\u200bcontact with the surrounding air, due to which heat transfer occurs.
Kinds
There are several varieties of two-pipe heating structures, differing in the installation scheme, the type of wiring, the direction of movement of the coolant and the provision of circulation.
According to the installation plan
According to the installation plan heating systems of two circuits are divided into two subspecies:
- Horizontal. In such a system, the pipes through which the water moves are laid horizontally, creating a separate subcircuit for each floor. This scheme is more suitable for single storey houses or buildings of several floors, but of great length in length.
- Vertical. This scheme assumes the presence of several risers arranged vertically, each of which is connected to radiators located in space one above the other. This method is more suitable for two or more storey houses small area.
By type of wiring
There are also two varieties here.
- Top wiring. It is used if the heating boiler and expansion tank are located in the upper part of the house, for example, in an insulated attic. With this type of wiring, the pipes of both circuits are carried out at the top, under the ceiling, and descents are made from them to the radiators.
- Bottom wiring. In cases where the heating element is installed below the main circuit of the system(for example, in the basement), it is more expedient to lay pipes in the gap between the floor and the window sills, which will simplify the connection of radiators.
In the direction of the coolant
There are systems:
- With oncoming traffic. As the name implies, the water in a straight circuit in this case moves in the opposite direction to that along which the chilled water returns to the boiler. A feature of this type is the presence of a "dead end" - the final radiator, in which the most remote points of both circuits are joined.
- With passing traffic. In this design, the coolant in both circuits moves in the same direction.
Circulation
- Systems with natural circulation . Here, the movement of the coolant along the circuits is ensured by the temperature difference in the circuits and the slope of the pipes. Such systems are characterized by a low heating rate, but do not require the connection of additional equipment.
Currently, this option is used more in houses for seasonal living.
- Forced circulation systems. In one of the circuits (most often in the reverse) is built circulation pump, which provides the movement of water. This approach provides faster and more uniform heating of the room.
Hydraulic calculation
A hydraulic calculation is required to optimize the heating. Correct calculation will reduce the consumption of gas or electricity (depending on what the boiler is running on), and at the same time provide heat to the entire heated room.
The calculation allows you to determine the most suitable components for heating, starting from the boiler power and ending with the diameter of the pipes. It is based on the main parameters of the system, such as the length, the number of radiators, hydraulic resistance elements, flow rate, etc.
Do-it-yourself installation
Heating construction consists of several stages:
1. Boiler installation and installation of the upper line, through which water will be supplied to the radiators.
2. To the highway expansion tank is switched on, equipped with a drain cock and a control pipe.
3. Trunk wiring around the room so that its path runs through all the places where the batteries are installed.
4. Parallel to the first highway, the reverse. A circulation pump crashes into it, in a convenient place.
5. T now you can connect radiators. It is better to equip them with shut-off valves both at the inlet and at the outlet - this will allow each radiator to work autonomously, and if one of them needs repair, it can be done without turning off the heating completely.
Important nuances when installing heating in a two-pipe scheme:
- Between the first and last radiators in the chain there should be a slope of about 1 cm/m.
- Should be possible avoid right angle pipe connections, as this may reduce the flow rate of the water. It is better to use a bunch of two half-bends.
- If the boiler and compensation tank are installed in the attic, then the attic must be well insulated. In addition, pipes passing through the attic must be equipped with thermal insulation.
- Radiators must be equipped with Mayevsky taps to bleed air - this will simplify the task of starting and de-airing.
After installation, the system must be pressure-tested to eliminate leaks and poor connections. To do this, all taps are opened, except for external ones, after which water is supplied by an electric or manual pump, and pressure is pumped up to 3-4 atmospheres.
Then a visual inspection of all connections is carried out for leaks.. If there are any, they are eliminated, and the procedure is repeated.
launch
- Immediately before starting, close all taps on the radiators- both inlet and outlet.
- Fill the system with water slowly otherwise water hammer may occur. First, the supply circuit is filled until the working pressure is established in it.
- Now the supply valve opens on the first radiator in the circuit, and then, with the help of the Mayevsky crane, air is bled from it to the maximum.
- When water without air bubbles flows from the Mayevsky tap in an even stream, it must be closed, and slowly open the radiator outlet cock. This procedure must be done with each radiator in turn.
- If, after starting, noises and knocks are heard from some batteries, then you can repeat the above procedure after a while when the air in the battery rises.
However, it is impossible to release all the air from the system at once, it will leave itself through the expansion tank for some time.
Principle of operation
Advantages and disadvantages
Heating is one of the most important issues in a home that needs to be taken seriously. Whether building a new house or changing heating system, comfort in the house and energy saving depend on the right approach. It is not enough to simply decide which type of fuel to use. It is necessary to understand what the system will be in general. One of the most common today is a two-pipe heating system. But before choosing it, you need to get answers to several important questions. What is the working principle of a two-pipe system? How does it differ from the single-pipe version? What are its advantages and disadvantages? How difficult is the installation?
Principle of operation
The essence of the operation of this option is the same as in all heating systems using a liquid coolant. From the pump, the heated liquid flows to the radiators, and then the cooled liquid returns. Thus, a closed system is obtained. However, the difference between this method is two pipe branches. One pipe supplies the coolant to each battery separately, joining them in parallel, not in series. And the second branch, also connected to each radiator, takes the water that has cooled down in them and directs it to heating. But what are its main differences from the one-pipe system?How is it different from a one-pipe system?
The main difference is in the number of pipes connected to the radiators. Unlike the connection method described above, in a one-pipe system, radiators are connected in series to one pipe. In it, water passes through one battery to the next. In general, the single-pipe version is losing its popularity. The reason some people still use it is because of the cheap installation. Such a system requires less material. However, it has many disadvantages in comparison with the two-pipe system, which should not be forgotten.
- Uneven distribution of heat. A single-pipe system has such a problem because the batteries are connected one after the other along the same line. Because of this, the coolant in the first radiator is well heated, but by the time it reaches the last one, through all the batteries, it will already be cooled down. Thus, in the room that is heated first, the temperature is high. But at the same time, it will be cool in the last room.
- Such a system is not effective in buildings with a large area. Especially if the house has several apartments or floors. The first apartment will be very hot, and the last one will be very cold.
- Another drawback is that most often, it is not possible to repair or replace the radiator without stopping the entire system. Therefore, in order to repair something, you will have to turn off the entire highway, and this will bring many problems in the cold season.
Advantages and disadvantages
Of course, this system has both strengths and weaknesses. Therefore, close attention should be paid to both.The advantages of the two-pipe heating option include several main points.
- Uniform space heating. Perhaps this is one of the main advantages. Due to the fact that the radiators are not connected to the line in series, the coolant does not have to go through each battery before heating the last one. Hot water enters the radiators independently of each other. This makes it possible to have the same temperature in the last battery as in the first. Thus, the same temperature is maintained in all rooms of the building.
- Repairs are another plus. Each radiator can be separately dismantled or repaired. This possibility appears due to the fact that the batteries do not depend on each other.
- Adjustment temperature regime. The two-pipe system makes it possible to regulate the temperature of each radiator without affecting the others. You can easily increase or decrease the heat in any room.
- Energy saving. Fuel consumption is significantly reduced when it is not necessary to ignite the boiler strongly, for the sake of good heating of the last room. And if less energy is expended, then less money.
- Material cost. In order to mount this system, more material is required than for a cheaper one-pipe system. And that means you need to invest more money.
- Laborious installation. To install all the necessary equipment, you will have to spend more time and effort. Also, you need to do the right calculations.
Types of two-pipe heating system
There are several criteria by which a two-pipe system can be divided into types.1. Firstly, the system is classified according to the type of expansion tank. It is of closed and open type.
- The open type is used less and less. Such a tank is mounted only at the highest point of the heating main. It is necessary to constantly ensure that water does not spill out of it. The pressure in such a system is not high.
- A closed tank is a completely sealed container. Thanks to a special membrane, it either supplies water to the pipes or takes it away. This option is preferable, as it allows the system to work under high pressure. In addition, the expansion tank closed type does not require supervision.
- Vertical heating system. It is successfully used in buildings with several floors. The essence of this method is that the radiators of each floor are connected to a vertical riser. The advantage of this connection is that the possibility of air pockets is excluded.
- Horizontal heating system. In this case, the radiators are connected to a horizontal pipeline. More often this option is used in one-story houses. To fight air locks Mayevsky crane is used.
- Bottom wiring. The pipe that delivers hot water, is laid at the bottom of the house. It can be carried out under the floor, in the basement and so on. The return pipe, with the cooled liquid, is installed even lower. Radiators must be above the boiler. This will increase the movement of the coolant. Also, with such a wiring, an upper air line is made, which serves to remove air from the line.
- Top wiring. The pipeline with heated water is installed on top of the building. Basically, such a place is an insulated attic. Expansion tank installed at the highest point of the highway.
Mounting
Any installation begins with calculations. Especially when it comes to heating, you should do hydraulic calculation. It is important to accurately calculate the required number of radiators, pipe diameter, boiler power, water consumption, and the like. If a mistake is made at this stage, this can affect the efficient operation of the heating system and additional fuel costs.Having considered everything carefully and purchased the material, you can proceed to the installation. There are basic principles, adhering to which, it will be possible to install the system qualitatively.
- Do not save too much money and time on the installation of the heating system.
- The heating main includes 2 pipes. One way the coolant is supplied to the radiators, and the other way it returns to the boiler.
- The pipe supplying water to the batteries must be higher than the one that gives water to the boiler.
- Do not save on radiator valves, bypasses and other devices that improve the operation of the heating system.
- Do not allow the line to have sharp corners that could create traffic jams or resistance.
- The supply pipe must be well insulated, then there will be minimal heat loss.
- The expansion tank should also be installed in a warm place.
- Boiler installation. This is the very first step. It is best when it is in a separate place. There must be good ventilation to ventilate the products of combustion. Around it, it is necessary that the walls and floor are fireproof. In addition, the apparatus must always have free access for convenient maintenance and control.
- A pipe is diverted from it to the expansion tank.
- Circulation pump. It is mounted after the boiler. Together with it, a manifold cabinet with all necessary equipment is installed.
- Pipe wiring. They are carried out from the boiler to the places where the batteries are located. At this stage, it is important to be very careful and carefully connect the pipes.
- Connecting radiators. 2 pipes are connected to each device. At the top, a pipe is mounted supplying the coolant, and at the bottom, carrying away the cooled water. The batteries themselves are mounted under the window on the brackets. From the window sill, the battery should be at a distance of about 100mm, from the wall 20-50mm, from the floor 100-120mm. Mounted on the sides of the radiator stopcocks, thanks to which the battery will be turned off without disturbing the operation of the entire system. After completing the installation of radiators, carefully check the tightness of their connections with pipes.
If everything is done according to the instructions, the system will work correctly. Before starting, all connections must be checked. They must be sealed. To improve the operation of the system and its operation, it will not be superfluous to install automation. This includes: thermostats, temperature sensors, weather sensors, and so on.
So, as you can see from the above, there are reasons why a two-pipe heating system is the most popular. It evenly distributes heat in the room, enables convenient repairs, and saves energy. When accurate calculations are made and the correct installation is done, then this heating option brings warmth and comfort to any home.
The water heating system is extremely common. According to statistics, more than two-thirds of all buildings are heated in this way. However, the concept of "heating system running on water" is quite general, it includes many varieties. Among them is a two-pipe heating system, a practical and popular way to heat a home.
The principle of operation and the advantages of this scheme
The basic principle of operation of heating structures operating with water is preserved. The system is closed loop through which the heated coolant circulates from the heater to the radiators and back.
A distinctive design feature of the structure is the presence of two pipeline branches at once. One is designed for transportation and distribution of hot coolant. The other drains the cooled liquid from the battery and returns it to the boiler.
A two-pipe heating system is a widespread practical way to heat a home. The undeniable advantages of the system make it very attractive for those who choose the way of arranging heating in their home. Competent calculation and installation of the system guarantee that the house will be both cozy and warm.