Passport power of the radiator section. Aluminum heating radiators
Radiator- a fragment of the heating system, which serve to provide heat to residential buildings, cottages, summer cottages, offices and other premises.
For space heating, it is necessary to know what heat output the radiator must have to obtain a comfortable temperature in the cold season. Practice shows that for the climate of the middle lane to heat a room with a ceiling height of up to 3 m, with one window and one outer wall, in a standard panel house, 100 W is enough to heat 1 m² of area. Multiplying the area of the room by 100 W, we obtain the amount of heat power required to heat it. Heaters should give this power to the heated room.
They are the most durable and durable, because. have a high degree of resistance to corrosion and are indispensable in systems with poor quality coolant. The thermal power of one section of the cast-iron radiator is 0.185 kW. For example, for heating a room with an area of 15 m², the required thermal power is at least 1.5 kW, and to achieve it, it is necessary to assemble a battery from (1.5 / 0.185 = 8.1) 8 - 9 sections. Modern models cast iron radiators have an improved design, the use of high-quality castings in the manufacture of radiator cases made it possible to significantly transform the manufactured samples. The disadvantages of cast-iron heating radiators include their large weight and inertia.
They have more heat output than cast iron. The power of one section of the aluminum radiator is 0.2 kW. To heat a room of 15 m², a battery of 7-8 sections is required. Aluminum radiators they are light in weight, attractive in appearance, well controlled by means of thermostatic valves. The disadvantages of aluminum heating radiators include a significantly lower strength, they are more critical to pressure drops and carrier temperature in the heating system. If the neutral acidity of the coolant in the heating system is not maintained, aluminum radiators can emit hydrogen, which is not the most favorable for human health.
They have the same characteristics as aluminum radiators, but do not have the disadvantages mentioned. They consist of a steel pipe through which the coolant moves, and an aluminum housing. The coolant, passing through the steel pipe, does not come into contact with the aluminum case. Steel pipe provides high strength bimetallic radiators. The aluminum housing provides high heat dissipation and the same thermal power(0.2 kW), as with aluminum radiators.
Heating radiators are usually installed under windows. The air, heated near the radiator, rises and blocks the cold air from the window in the enclosed space in front of the window.
Many companies offer a wide variety of batteries for heating. Models differ in power, material and design. To choose a quality product, you need to make a calculation of radiators for heating. A correct calculation of the required power will help to avoid overpayment, excess power and bulky and bulky batteries. Aluminum batteries are considered the warmest and heat up quickly. Modern devices made of aluminum have anti-corrosion properties and are able to withstand high pressure drops.
Heat transfer is an important indicator of the transfer of heat energy from solid body in environment. Heat transfer shows how much heat energy one section is able to release. Aluminum has high thermal conductivity data, which are 3 times higher than the parameters of cast iron and steel. The use of transverse ribs inside the frame structure helps to increase heat transfer. Heat transfer increases somewhere by 70%. The presence of wide channels for the coolant is intended to improve heat transfer, even if the heat carriers are of poor quality.
Aluminum batteries can withstand very high temperature water up to 130 degrees. Heat transfer occurs in two different ways by the convection process and by radiation.
Power displays the quantitative parameters of heat in a certain unit of time that the device is capable of producing. The greater the power of aluminum heaters, the greater the area they are able to heat.
How to calculate the required power
When calculating the power required for heating, you need to pay attention to the following parameters:
- accurately determine the value of the area intended for heating;
- take into account unfavorable factors: there is no thermal insulation, double-glazed windows;
- the ability to provide high-quality heating with a balcony and several windows.
If there is a balcony, then 15% should be added to the power, when installing the heater in a closed niche, another 20%. If there is no good thermal insulation, then 10%.
Methods for calculating the power of aluminum heaters.
- Square. Knowing the given length and width of the room, you can calculate the heat output of the heater. In order to heat 10 meters of a room, 1 kW is needed. This means that the power of the radiator can be obtained by dividing the resulting area by 10.
- The volume of the room. If you use the height of the room and calculate the volume, then you can also calculate the power. For 1 cubic meter 41 watts required. Thus, multiplying the volume by 41, we get the desired power.
- Room features. For each existing door, you need to add 0.1 kW, for a window - 0.2 kW. For a house in the private sector, the power must be multiplied by one and a half times.
To correctly choose the optimal number of sections, you need to calculate how many of them will be needed. In this case, the power of the section is an important indicator.
- The following formula is used to determine the number of sections.
K (number of sections) \u003d S (area of \u200b\u200bthis room) * 100 / P (section power).
This calculation is applicable if we assume that for heating 1 sq. meter takes 100 watts of power. And the ceiling height does not exceed the standard dimensions. - A different formula is used to calculate the number of sections.
K (number of sections) = S (room area) * 100 / P (power of one section).
Aluminum radiators come in heights of 350 mm (short) and 500 mm (regular). At the same time, as the manufacturers assure, the standard power of 1 section of 500 mm varies from 180 to 240 W of thermal energy. And the power of the 350 mm section is from 125 to 160 watts.
How to choose an aluminum heater
When choosing an aluminum radiator, important features must be considered.
First, you need to learn more about radiator manufacturers (Russian, Italian or Chinese.)
Secondly, we choose the optimal heat transfer of one section and select equipment that is resistant to pollution.
Thirdly, we pay attention to general form products, especially for painting.
Fourth, we study the design of the radiator sections. They should be parallel and painted on the front side with a light paint layer.
Fifth, good device will cost a lot, it is also worth remembering that aluminum batteries are not made in Germany.
Little-known Altera R
You can say as much as you like that the heart of the heating system is the boiler, but the heat in the heated room is provided by radiators. The comfort in the house will directly depend on whether their number is correctly calculated. To correctly make a calculation, the power indicators of one section of an aluminum radiator are taken as a basis.
Why aluminum? First of all, because they are significantly superior in their performance to traditional cast iron batteries, and it is they who are increasingly used in the creation of modern heating networks.
Varieties of aluminum batteries
Note! Aluminum radiators are produced by two methods - casting and extrusion. When using the casting method, each section is made separately.
The raw material is silumin - aluminum with silicon additives not exceeding 12%. By casting, sections of various shapes are obtained, capable of withstanding pressures up to 16 atmospheres.
Radiators are not made by extrusion, but their separate parts, which are then fastened together. This method makes it possible to reduce the cost of production, but in terms of technical characteristics, batteries created by extrusion are inferior to cast ones. They also have one more drawback - it is impossible to change the number of sections in the radiator.
It should be noted another type of aluminum batteries - anodized type. They are the most expensive and, of course, high quality. The raw material for their production is purified aluminium. The finished product is anodized, which makes it absolutely not subject to corrosion. Individual parts in such radiators are connected by couplings.
Therefore, inside they are absolutely smooth, which means that they are not afraid of scale fouling. Their working pressure is up to 70 atmospheres.
Important parameters
RoyalThermo Evolution device
- The distance between the axles can be standard - 200, 350, 500 mm - or non-standard. The most common option is 500 mm.
- The height can also be different. Before buying batteries, it is worth measuring the distance under the windowsill. There should be about 10 cm of free space above and below the battery. From the wall to the radiator - about 3 cm. All sections should fit well into the space provided for the radiator.
- Pressure. This indicator includes working and pressure testing. Sometimes a maximum value may also be specified. The standard operating pressure for aluminum radiators is 10–15 atmospheres. For autonomous heating these are sufficient parameters, and for apartments with central heating it is better to choose a model with higher rates - up to 30 atmospheres. Crimping pressure must be at least 30 atmospheres. It is better to buy batteries with a margin. This will help in the event of a malfunction or an unexpected increase in pressure in the system.
- Heat transfer. This indicator is indicated for one section. On average, the heat transfer of a section is 100–150 W. Radiators with high heat transfer more energy efficient. It is for this reason that aluminum models quickly began to lead the market.
Advantages and disadvantages
Aluminum batteries differ from cast iron batteries in a number of ways:
Technical points
- High heat transfer, which means less boiler wear and the ability to reduce heating costs.
- Easily mounted and fit into any interior.
- Well suited for autonomous heating systems, and can also be installed in apartment buildings.
- They can be mounted both in a system with old cast-iron pipes, and in modern plastic and metal-plastic networks.
There is not a single heating device, not a single element of engineering networks, which would be ideal and completely devoid of shortcomings. Aluminum radiators are no exception to this rule.
Among the important shortcomings, it is worth noting:
Sealing gasket
- High risk of leakage at the joints of sections.
- Uneven distribution of heat.
- Little convection heat transfer.
- Short service life compared to cast iron batteries.
- High susceptibility to corrosion except for anodized batteries.
- Sensitivity to pressure instability in the system.
These shortcomings can be considered unimportant in autonomous systems heating, but when replacing radiators in a house connected to a central highway, you need to be careful. In such cases, it is better to choose anodized models, not looking at their high cost.
How to calculate the power of the radiator
Dependence on the number of pipes
No matter how high-quality the batteries are, they will not be able to provide the necessary heat transfer if the initial calculation of the power and number of sections was incorrect. The basis of calculations is the power of one section. It is indicated by the manufacturer in the specification for the product. But keep in mind that the averages can differ significantly from the real ones.
To calculate the heat transfer, the parameter ∆t is used, which is the difference between the air temperature in the heated room and the temperature in the system. In practice, this figure rarely exceeds ∆t 50°C. At the same time, it is declared by manufacturers as ∆t 70 °C, which represents ideal conditions.
When calculating, it is necessary to take into account other data:
Calculation formula
- The location of the room in the house.
- Condition of building structures.
- Dimensions and location of windows and doors.
- The materials from which the house is built.
- Type of boiler equipment used, etc.
The simplest calculation can be done using the formula - the area of \u200b\u200bthe room multiplied by 100 and divided by the power of one section. For example, for efficient heating of a room of 25 sq. m need 16 sections. This figure is obtained from a simple calculation - 25 × 100/150.
Conclusion
The power of each aluminum radiator section is always indicated by the manufacturer in the model specification. When calculating the number of batteries, it is better to take not the declared figures, but the average indicators. In addition, it is necessary to take into account other factors that affect the energy efficiency of the system, as well as the heat in the house.
When choosing a radiator for the home, people most often pay attention to the brand or country of production, to the material from which it is made.
It is also necessary to know specifications , such as heat output, volume of water in the section and weight, while the size of the radiator is equally important.
It depends on him whether the room will be be well heated and how effective his service will be.
The size of the radiator depends from three characteristics:
- distance between axles;
- section width;
- section depth.
Depending on the manufacturer, these characteristics may vary. The distance between the axles can reach 800 millimeters, but most often it is 350 or 500 millimeters.
There are practically no restrictions on the length of the heater, and the battery power largely depends on this indicator. To increase power, if it is really necessary, you can always purchase additional heating sections.
Manufacturers offer aluminum radiators different sizes, for example, Global models have a center distance of 350 to 800 mm, a length of one section of 80 mm, and a depth of 80 to 180 mm.
Aluminum radiator SV - 500/12 from Oasis, one of the the most popular Chinese companies in the Russian market, has the following dimensions: 580 x 80 x 80. This model with 12 sections is able to heat a room up to 24 m 2.
Models of aluminum radiators Russian company Apriori have the same center distance - 500 mm, width and depth vary 70-80 mm and 70-96 mm, respectively.
Elsotherm radiators on the contrary, they have the same width of 80 mm for all aluminum models. Their center distance is 200, 350 and 500 mm, which is evident from the name (for example, Elsotherm 200 is an aluminum radiator with 200 mm distance between the axes).
Italian aluminum batteries have the same depth (80 mm) and width (97 mm). They differ precisely in the distance between the axes, which determine the height of the battery. This company produces 2 types of radiators with a height of 425mm and 565mm.
Attention! The distance between the axles determines the height of the heater, as well as the weight. It is important to remember that the heavier the radiator sections, the more difficult it is to mount them.
Calculation of the number of radiator sections
Number of sections, which is necessary for a particular room, depends on its area and the size of the radiator sections. If they are not enough, the battery will not warm up the room during winter frosts.
Calculation by room area suitable for rooms with low ceilings up to 2.6 m. In order to calculate the amount of power required for the entire room, you need:
where S is the area of the heated room, Q is the thermal power of the 1st section and N is the required number of sections.
division result rounded up, rounding down is only possible for rooms such as the kitchen.
Calculation of the number of sections for rooms with a high ceiling is made according to its volume. According to the recommendation of SNIP, 41 W (34 W per m 2 for apartments with modern double-glazed windows and external insulation) of thermal power is needed to heat 1 m 3 of a residential building:
where V is the volume of the heated room, Q is the thermal power of the 1st section, N is the required number of sections.
rounding it is made according to the same principle as described above - down for the kitchen and up for the rest of the rooms. You will find examples of calculating the number of radiator sections in the article "".
The first step when choosing a radiator is to measure the distance from the floor to the window sill if the battery is located under the window. This is necessary in order to calculate the optimal battery height. By regulatory documents the distance from the floor to the radiator should be at least 10-15 cm, and the same from its top to the window sill. This is important so that the heated air flows freely into the room.
So, choosing an aluminum heating radiator is a must pay attention on the size of the sections, since it depends on whether the radiator can heat the air in the room even in cold weather.
Even if the initial calculations were made incorrectly, the situation can be corrected. Luckily, it's always possible to add one or more sections with a radiator wrench. They can be purchased, but if it is impossible to find a suitable one, you can make it yourself.
Anyway, much easier initially correctly calculate the number of sections, and in this case you do not have to fix or redo anything.
Calculation of aluminum radiators by area, see the video below:
Aluminum radiators are called the warmest. Due to the high thermal conductivity of aluminum, the small battery has a high thermal output. AT recent times Such heaters are widely used in apartments, offices and private buildings.
Advantages of aluminum radiators
An important advantage of aluminum heating appliances is their extremely low inertia. That is, when the heating system is turned on, the heating of the battery occurs very quickly, which makes it easy to control the system and makes the heating process more economical. (See also: )Compared to steel, aluminum is more reactive. Therefore, manufacturers of aluminum radiators began to use special anti-corrosion coatings applied to the inner surface of the device, which makes it the most acceptable in a wide variety of heating systems.
Modern aluminum heaters are able to withstand pressure surges up to 18 atmospheres.
Excellent performance characteristics aluminum radiators are explained:
The use of high quality aluminum;
Automated production system using the most modern equipment;
Tight control on overpressure.
When calculating the power of a radiator, it is necessary to know the thermal power of one of its sections. Data can be obtained when buying in the store itself or using the Internet, if you know the exact model of the device.
So, if you decide to install aluminum heating radiators, it is powerful to calculate the power of the sections as follows. To determine the number of sections, it is necessary to calculate the area of \u200b\u200bthe room in which the heating system. It is assumed that in order to heat 1 m 2 of the area, 100 W of power will be needed. This value can be used if the ceilings in the room have a standard height and do not exceed 2.7 meters. Then the formula for calculating the number of sections is as follows:
K \u003d S * 100 / P
K is the number of sections,
S is the area of the room,
P is the power of one section.
K \u003d 22 * 100/200
K = 11 sections.
However, this formula is valid if the room has one outer wall. If the room is angular or located at the end of the building, then the number of sections should be increased by 20%.
An increase in the number of purchased heaters must also be provided for options for too wide window sills, when the effect of the thermal curtain drops significantly. Reduces the flow of heat from the batteries, the presence of various decorative grilles and panels on them.
This formula is rather approximate due to the lack of data such as physical properties the material from which the walls are made, the presence or absence of an insulating layer, the humidity of the room.
When purchasing radiators, it is still better to get advice from a specialist with good professional experience beforehand.
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