Electric heaters of the heating system. Infrared heating of a private house: an overview of modern infrared heating systems
infrared heating, the pros and cons of which we will consider today, is one of the popular ways to heat rooms. Infrared emitters are used as a heat source.
These devices can be an addition to help the standard system steam heating better to cope with its task, or the main heating elements of the house. Infrared heaters can be used for heating both residential buildings and offices, and so on.
The principle of operation of infrared heating
You need to know the principle of operation of such heaters in order to decide exactly whether it is worth using Pros and cons, the price of which is comfort in the cold season, should be clear to you. By the way, the cost of such systems is about 500 rubles per 1 square meter or 5 thousand rubles for 1 heater.
The heat emitted by the IR source is transferred to the surface of all objects surrounding it. It heats the floor, walls, furniture, and everything in the interior.
When heated, these objects make the air warm, because infrared light does not heat it itself. The heat that such a heater generates is not absorbed by the air (which is characterized by rather poor thermal conductivity), so the surfaces get enough heat. This allows you to achieve 70% energy savings, as the manufacturers of such equipment assure.
Many users consider this statement to be very exaggerated.
House heating
Such heating systems are becoming increasingly popular in private sectors. With their help, you can heat not only the entire room, but also certain sections of it, which allows you to save on heating the area where no one is.
For efficient heating of a small room good decision are ceiling infrared heating systems. Installing heaters on the ceiling allows them to distribute heat to all surfaces of objects in the room and, importantly, to heat the floors well.
Depending on the height of the ceiling, the devices are fixed at a distance of 2.5-3.5 meters from the floor. Manufacturers recommend placing them not directly above the places where people stay, but a little to the side.
If you mount devices on PVC ceilings or near windows, then a lot of heat will be wasted.
In addition to private houses, you can heat which is also called film. This type of underfloor heating is remarkable in that it can be laid under many types of floor coverings. Among them are parquet, laminate, tile and even linoleum.
Varieties of infrared heaters
There are only two main varieties of all devices that provide infrared heating. The pros and cons for consumer health, energy savings and other indicators for these sources are about the same.
The first type of devices is all kinds of heating panels. The second type includes all film heaters.
This separation is due to the scope of these systems. Both types of devices can be used for ceiling mounting, and only film infrared heaters are suitable for making a warm floor.
plinth
Heat emitters are implemented in the form of skirting boards. The plinth, which is always located around the entire perimeter of the room, can heat all the objects that fall into its field of action, and in this field there is everything that is in the room.
Along the walls there is something like an obstacle of heat, which is difficult to overcome by the cold coming from the walls. So in the room you can easily create the desired temperature regime.
Mold will never spread to the corners and walls if you install plinth infrared heating. Pros and cons, its benefits are obvious.
With the help of the length of the plinth, sufficient heater power is achieved. Inside the skirting board there are heat-accumulating elements made of natural materials. This helps him to accumulate heat.
floors
So, you can choose ceiling, wall or floor infrared heaters. The pros and cons in choosing depend on the individual characteristics of the room for which heaters are purchased, but basically they are the same for all devices of this type.
Floors come in power from 15 to 55 watts per square meter.
If we talk about the field, then the fundamental difference from other options is that the heat rises up, which means it will pass through the entire room. Infrared emitters heat up flooring located on them, and it, in turn, heats the air. It rises up, giving way to the cold. Thanks to this natural circulation the room quickly adjusts to a comfortable temperature.
In addition, by warm floor it is pleasant to walk, and when the legs are warm, it is warmer in general.
Part passes through the floor covering infrared radiation. It heats the surfaces of objects in the room.
pros
Infrared heating, the pros and cons of which are described in this article, are able to heat the room to the maximum short term. Even critics of this heating method agree with this.
Unlike other radiators, they do not burn oxygen in the air, do not make the air dry.
Devices work absolutely silently. The room gets warmer immediately after the appliances are turned on.
Power surges are not fatal for such devices. This is important if they heat a country cottage or cottage.
Installation of such systems is very simple, which is also a plus. You can do everything yourself, without resorting to the services of builders.
Minuses
It is not enough to consider only the positive qualities that infrared heating has. There are pluses and minuses in everything in the world, it is only important to understand whether negative qualities appliances in your case, or not.
And these qualities are:
- It is not always easy to fit into the style of the room ceiling heaters, especially if the interior is made in one of the classic styles.
- It is not always possible to correctly organize the heating system with infrared emitters, which is why the declared energy savings of 70% are not achieved.
- Heaters transfer heat only to surfaces. Therefore, if you stand with your back to them, it can remain in the cold. The problem goes away when air is heated from the surfaces of objects.
- Nearby surfaces become very hot. The paper may turn yellow in the office, the smell of plastic may appear.
Efficiency and economy are key parameters when choosing a heating system. The price of energy resources is quite high, and the prudent owners of apartments and private houses try to use them wisely. These two parameters underlie the development of an innovative infrared heating system. By what principle does the system work, is it possible to establish infrared heating of a private house with your own hands, we will consider in the article.
In nature, infrared radiation is included in the spectral region of electromagnetic waves emitted by the main "luminary" of our system - the Sun. Thanks to the invisible wave spectrum emitted by it, all living things are able to develop on our planet.
Scientists divide infrared radiation, which is referred to as "thermal", into three components, highlighting the near, medium and far spectrum. The most efficient for heating and the safest for living organisms are electromagnetic oscillations immediately following the visible red side of the middle spectrum.
Almost 50% of the solar spectrum is occupied by infrared rays - the closest to the radiation of the human body
The wavelength range of radiation, referred to as the "rays of life", ranges from 8 to 14 microns. In a number of sources, the "life-giving" interval is somewhat increased: from 6 to 20 microns. However, even these discrepancies in the testimony are not critical.
It is the long-wave spectrum, close in value to the radiation of the human body, that is involved in the development of equipment and the arrangement of the heating system with infrared heaters.
Heating plates used in the arrangement of infrared heating emit heat with an operating range of 5-15 microns
Infrared installations can be considered a kind of mini-sun. The only difference from the natural "luminary" is that they will warm up the space constantly, regardless of the weather conditions outside the room. Such installations work in everyday life from a network of 220V.
Infrared rays, passing through air barriers, heat the solid surfaces of objects in the room, and they subsequently redirect heat into space
The heating element, which is the main component of the device, propagates light waves. Thanks to the reflector, during the operation of the equipment, the object at which the device is directed warms up. The role of "receivers" and then "radiators" of heat can be performed by any objects in the room: ceramic and stone objects, wooden and glass surfaces, living organisms.
Objects receive heat or transfer it to a nearby space. During operation of the equipment, the surfaces of interior items in the radiation zone are warmer than the surrounding air by 7-10 degrees.
Heating with infrared rays is perfectly combined with other traditional methods of heating, making it easy to organize a "heat island" in any room with minimal effort - a zone of increased comfort. Both at the household level and on an industrial scale, this type of heating is convenient to use as an auxiliary or emergency heating. Heat loss during its use does not exceed 10% on average.
Image gallery
Advantages and disadvantages of the system
The heating system based on infrared radiation in comparison with convector heating methods has a number of undeniable advantages:
- Wide scope. Infrared heating panels are used for heating rooms of all types. With their help, they increase the temperature in warehouses, livestock farms, in utility rooms and in garages.
- High heating rate. The feeling of thermal comfort from the moment the equipment is turned on comes in a matter of minutes. This is due to the fact that the air does not absorb heat radiation, and energy is consumed for its intended purpose with minimal losses. And even after turning off the device for some time, it will continue to radiate heat.
- Quiet operation. The operation of the heaters is not accompanied by any vibrations and noises, and no combustion products are emitted during the heating process.
- Safety for the health of households. By its nature, infrared heat is as close as possible to the sun. It is the most comfortable for a person. The devices used do not emit an unpleasant odor, do not emit toxins and harmful substances, being absolutely safe for human health.
Heaters of this type are not afraid of moisture. Due to this, they can be safely used for arranging "islands of heat" in the open air, using for heating garden gazebo and verandas.
By installing IR heaters, you can significantly reduce heat costs and minimize the problem of irrational temperature distribution
Unlike spiral heaters, infrared systems do not burn oxygen out of the air and do not overdry it. The distribution of heat in the room is carried out evenly without accumulation in the upper half, closer to the ceiling, of the room.
And in the process of heating, convection air currents that are capable of raising dust are not involved. Thanks to this, it is possible to maintain a constant microclimate, providing conditions for a comfortable stay of households.
Heaters are placed in the floor, ceiling or simply attached to existing ceilings. They are often used in the arrangement of the "smart home" system.
Infrared panels and film coatings are famous for their compactness, occupying a minimum of usable space in the room and giving off maximum heat at the same time.
In favor modern system also serves as an argument for the fact that last years Infrared saunas are gaining more and more popularity among connoisseurs of spa treatments. According to research by Japanese scientists, they are an excellent prevention of many diseases. Penetrating under the skin of a person, the rays heat up the blood vessels, thereby contributing to the rapid spread of heat throughout the body.
But the infrared heating system is not without its drawbacks. These should include:
- Infrared rays have a point effect. Therefore, within the same spacious room in one place it may be too warm, in another, on the contrary, it is cool.
- Since infrared rays do not heat the air, but objects, then in the process of heating a room, the interior of which is made up of technical items, a subtle smell of plastic may appear.
- In aesthetic terms, such pendant heaters are not always able to successfully fit into the overall interior design.
Rather energy-efficient infrared heating cannot be fully considered cost-effective. Firstly, the equipment itself will initially have to invest a significant amount. Secondly, in order to achieve rational energy consumption with it, you will have to spend money on compliance with a number of key requirements. For example: for the insulation of a building, the arrangement of reflective screens that reduce heat loss.
Such devices consume, depending on the power, approximately from 50 to 200 W per square meter per hour of operation.
But subject to all necessary conditions installation, the efficiency of the system can reach 95%. And in order to maintain a comfortable microclimate, it is enough that the film coating occupies 50% of the surface of the walls or floor.
Varieties of infrared heaters
The modern industry for an infrared heating system produces two types of heaters: a film version and a panel version.
The principle of operation for both types of device is identical: it is based on an emitter and a reflector that focuses the IR rays in the required direction
The differences between film and panel radiators are only in design features. When arranging ceiling infrared heating, both film emitters and panels are used. But for floor heating, only film-type equipment is used.
Infrared panel heaters
Flat heating panels are good because they allow you to save the area of \u200b\u200bliving space with a constant room height. This is very convenient when arranging rooms with low walls and sloping ceilings.
During the operation of IR panels, only 10% of the energy is spent on air heating, the main part of the heat 90% is directed to objects
Structurally, such devices include the following main elements:
- TEN - heating element.
- A panel that receives heat from a heating element and transfers energy to heated objects.
- Insulation located on the back, preventing the loss of thermal energy.
- Plate - reflecting electromagnetic waves from the back of the device.
- Enclosure with cable entry, terminal block, etc.
The material for the manufacture of heating elements can be ceramics, quartz or tungsten. The material used largely determines the power and efficiency of the equipment as a whole. From above, the heater is covered with a decorative coating, which performs the function of an infrared wave emitter.
Depending on the installation method, the panels are built-in and hinged. The first are plasterboard structures with thermal insulation applied to them and built-in graphite thread. The case of hinged panels is made of heat-resistant plastic or glass, and the heating element is covered with a ceramic or anodized aluminum screen.
Infrared panels are installed under the window instead of the usual battery, or simply hung on the wall or ceiling using brackets
Such heaters are on sale in the form of traditional panels and more sophisticated models, decorated with stone or natural wood. Exquisite designer products can make a worthy addition to the interior.
Film type emitters
Film heaters are most often used if necessary to organize zonal heating. For example: when arranging a loggia, arranging a working area or creating a corner for relaxing on a veranda.
Coverings of this type can be placed both on the floor and on the ceiling with walls. The only exception is stretch ceiling made of fabric or PVC sheets. For suspended ceilings, manufacturers offer cassette-type infrared emitters.
Such heating systems are film mats in which series-connected heating elements are sealed.
The main material of the system is a thin layer of graphite deposited on a thin thermoplastic film or carbon fiber threads laid in parallel, which, when heated, produce a heat flux. Film coatings consist of interchangeable modules, so that in the event of a failure of a separate section, it will not be difficult to replace it with a new one without violating the integrity of the system.
To give film heating systems a more presentable look, some craftsmen equip them with decor. To do this, a plasterboard frame is first constructed above the coating, on top of which a decorative finish is applied. The only condition is that it does not contain metal.
More and more fans among connoisseurs of quality and beauty find film heaters-pictures that successfully combine functionality and aesthetics.
In advanced versions, IR film heating systems are mounted under a layer of decorative trim. Decoratively designed film heaters are among the low-power devices and therefore are used mainly for local heating of one of the sections of the room.
Classification by the way the elements are arranged
Infrared heating devices are on the market in a wide range. According to the way the heating elements are located, they can be divided into three groups: floor, wall and ceiling.
Floor heaters
Floor coverings are modular materials, inside which flat heating elements are laid. The covering is issued in the form of rolls. For installation, it is cut into pieces of the required size.
stripes roll material placed on the floor so that the emitters are not under heavy furniture; this will prevent a decrease in heat transfer and drying out of the wooden elements of the headset
The material is laid directly on the prepared base floor. During the laying process, overlapping panels are avoided and they try to maintain a distance of 10-15 cm from the walls.
On top of floor infrared panels, you can lay:
- carpet;
- parquet board;
- linoleum;
- laminate;
- ceramic tiles.
The most successful combination is obtained when used as a floor covering ceramic tiles. A little inferior in this regard, the laminate. And the greatest shielding of IR radiation creates carpet and linoleum.
Image gallery
Wall and ceiling fixtures
Compared to underfloor heating systems, the choice of ceiling and wall appliances wider. In addition to traditional panels, there are also designer built-in models of ceiling radiators. They can be mounted in false ceilings. They are on sale in different sizes and colors.
The plates are placed in such a way that the rays emanating from them are directed to the furniture, and that, having already absorbed heat, began to act as a source of thermal energy.
Ceiling models infrared emitters located at a height of 3 meters and above. With this arrangement, the thermal ceiling goes down and diverges slightly to the sides. Rushing down, the rays first warm up the flooring. Due to this, the temperature at the level of the legs is always a couple of degrees higher than in the head area.
To prevent heat seepage into the street, the panels are not placed in front of doors and window openings.
Wall-mounted infrared emitters are placed in such a way that they are above or below the level of a person's head.
Among the wall radiators, it is worth highlighting the plinth systems separately. They are narrow long structures. Systems are installed around the perimeter of the room, placing instead of conventional plastic or wooden skirting boards.
When choosing the location of the panels, you should avoid recreation areas where there is a high probability of direct impact on households. For example: at the level of a sofa or bed. Otherwise, the rays directed at a right angle will overheat and overdry the skin, causing discomfort among residents and guests of the house.
The coverage area of directional emitters is one of the main characteristics and is usually indicated in the product data sheet.
Wall IR heaters are used infrequently. The circulation of body and cold air occurs from the bottom up, therefore it is more reasonable to prefer ceiling or floor options
Manufacturers of IR heaters
Many companies around the world are engaged in the production of IR equipment. Among foreign manufacturers, the most popular are:
- STIEBEL ELTRON- a German company that produces traditionally high quality products;
- FENIX TRADING– the Czech company pays close attention to the issue of energy efficiency of its products;
- AIR COMFORT- the Italian concern is betting on the creation of a safe heating system of a new generation;
- "FRICO"— the Swedish manufacturer guarantees Scandinavian quality and makes high demands on the design of its products.
Domestic manufacturers are represented by such trademarks as Bilux, Pion, EcoLine, Almak. In terms of quality characteristics, the products of these brands are not much inferior to imported counterparts.
The cost of IR equipment of domestic design is 30% lower than imported analogues, due to which a wide range of buyers can afford to install it
But it is worth noting that not all of them domestic devices for infrared heating are supplied complete with brackets. In addition, judging by the reviews, the operation of domestic appliances is often accompanied by a slight crackle, which can be annoying, especially at night.
Be wary of Chinese-made products. Some companies put the CE mark on their products, which stands for "China Export". Visually, this abbreviation is similar to the CE marking, which stands for "Conformite Europeenne".
The only difference is that in the second case, the font density is slightly wider and the letters are located a little further apart. Therefore, in addition to studying the marking, require certificates of conformity.
Criteria for a competent choice of equipment
The main thing to focus on when choosing heating elements is their design and operational parameters. To calculate the optimal power, use the classic formula, taking as a basis that an average of 1.2 kW is required to heat 10 meters of area.
There are also mobile units on sale, which are convenient to use for temporary heating, placing the premises in the right place and, if necessary, taking them to the site. They run on both electricity and gas.
Such a portable IR heater is able to effectively heat an area with a radius of 2.5 meters, filling the spaces of the room with comfort and warmth.
If we compare floor and ceiling models, then the difference between them will be insignificant, since in any case the floor and the lower part of the walls will warm up first, and the warm air will still rise up. For this reason, look only at how convenient it will be to place the equipment on the ceiling or floor.
Models with a built-in temperature sensor are convenient to use: when the temperature in the room drops below the set mark, the equipment automatically turns on, and when the set value is reached, it turns off.
Preference should also be given to devices whose design allows you to adjust the slope of the radiation direction.
When choosing a product, pay attention to the presence of a thermostat, with which it is convenient to set a certain mode and thereby save energy consumption.
In general, when choosing heating elements, one should be guided by the parameters of the product, the materials from which the house is built, the presence of another type heating system, and, of course, their financial capabilities. But do not be tempted by products with an unreasonably low cost. In an effort to reduce the cost of production, some manufacturers do this at the expense of quality, saving on contacts and using low-quality wires.
Video for future buyers of IR equipment
An illustrative example of the operation of the heating system:
Film IR heating: pros and cons
Video review of heating ceramic panels:
The infrared system is a new generation of safe heating technology. With a competent approach, it can become an economical and rational option both as a zonal and as the main heating of a private house.
Electrical heating at home. Options and Solutions electric heating
To date Vacation home or a cottage can be heated in several ways: natural or main gas, liquid or solid fuel. But at the same time, all the diversity should not be forgotten about electricity. Most often electrical heating appliances they are not used as the main method of heating the house, but as an additional or temporary one. However, not all houses can be supplied with gas, and the use of all kinds of solid fuel boilers for one reason or another is not possible or not satisfactory. In such cases, heating the house with the help of electricity is used - an electric heating system is created.
Varieties of electric heaters and heating systems
Modern technologies allow the consumer to choose a fairly large number of electric heating equipment. Thus, everyone can choose for themselves the best option in all respects. So today there are many solutions for electric home heating.
The oil-filled radiator is the most popular heater because it is easy to use and affordable for every consumer. At the same time, it does not require special skills in installation, it is enough to place it indoors and connect it directly to the network. It is a metal structure inside, which contains mineral oil and a special heating element.
Modern models are equipped with a thermostat, a cable storage compartment, and also have good protection against overheating. In addition, the oil cooler may have a horizontal position sensor that disables the heater if it falls. And with the help of the built-in timer, you can significantly save energy consumption, since it is possible to adjust the heating time of the room.
The cost of a radiator and its power directly depend on its size and the number of sections. Most often, such heaters have from 5 to 12 sections and power from 1 to 2.5 kW. In order to choose the right model, you should know that 1 kW is enough to heat a room up to 10 sq.m.
In addition to low cost, oil coolers are distinguished by their mobility and silent operation. In the process of heating, their body has a low heating temperature, which is not only safer for others, but also oxygen and dust are not burned. So regular use oil coolers is not harmful to health.
The convector is the same radiator, only with a smooth body. If an oil-filled radiator heats a room in the form of thermal radiation, then this heater works by raising heated air along the surface and lowering colder air. The convector is a device that has a protective decorative case made of metal. At the bottom there are holes for cold air to enter, and at the top for warm air to exit. At the bottom of the structure is a heating element (heating element).
Some models can be equipped with a thermostat, which makes it possible to automatically maintain the selected air temperature. This device is designed to be mounted on the wall, most often it is mounted under the window so that the heated air rising up eliminates the cold air coming from the window.
The electric convector, in view of its work, has some disadvantages: dust is carried around the room with the circulating air. Therefore, during the operation of such a heater, frequent wet cleaning is desirable.
Heating with the help of such equipment occurs through special lamps that emit a large amount of heat. The work of such lamps takes place in the spectrum invisible to the human eye. At the same time, it is not the air itself that is heated, but the objects in the room.
If the installation of traditional heating systems requires a sufficiently large amount of time and financial costs, then in order to warm the house with infrared heater these costs will be much less. To date, there are models that are designed for installation, both on the wall and on the ceiling.
Film infrared heaters
These heaters belong to the PleN system (Film Energy Heaters) and are able to heat the area of the house, while consuming 15 W per 1 sq.m. Automatic control possible temperature regime with an accuracy of one degree, and it is also possible to use economic heating as needed (in working time, for example).
If we compare in terms of costs, then heating with gas and a film heater of the PleN system is almost the same, but at the same time it is much less than when heating with a convector. And if other heating systems require regular Maintenance, then you can forget about infrared heaters for good.
The film heater has the following types:
- ceiling;
- floor.
The first type of heater works according to a natural principle, which can be compared with the heating of our planet by the Sun. Infra-red rays that have reached a solid surface, in our case, furniture and floor, heat them up. And they, in turn, after their heating, transfer heat to the surrounding space.
The second type, floor version, of the heater from the Plen system is used most often as an additional method of heating a private house. Therefore, its area should be equal to the zone of human activity.
This heating system has interesting fact: according to research, infrared rays with a wavelength of 5 to 15 microns have a beneficial effect on human health and the body as a whole. And it is precisely such waves that a film infrared heater (IR) emits. Therefore, an infrared heater, in addition to its direct purpose, is able to fight colds, stomach problems, as well as promote weight loss and cellulite treatment. In addition to these advantages, this type of heating is quite economical, fast and efficient.
Electric floor heating
Today, this method of heating a house is extremely popular. Its system is as follows: a heating electric cable and a temperature sensor are laid under the floor (instead of a cable, there may be an infrared heater film or electric mats). Thus, the warm floor heats the air in the lower part of the room, which then, due to its lightness, rises up. The temperature difference between the floor and ceiling is 3-4 degrees.
However, the maximum temperature can be about 30 degrees, otherwise it would not be comfortable to move around the room with a higher temperature, and not every floor covering can withstand higher heat. Therefore, the "warm floor" system is most often used as an additional method of heating the room.
The principle of operation of a heating system based on an electric boiler is quite simple. You can compare with all the usual water heating, the batteries of which are in almost every apartment. The water heated in the boiler room enters the apartment through pipes and then fills the batteries, which heat up and give off heat and actually heat the apartment. It's the same here, only the heating boiler is your own, closed loop pipes and radiators are located only in your home and by controlling the temperature of the heating water in the system, you can regulate the temperature inside each room.
The option of heating houses with a heat pump has appeared relatively recently. Its principle of operation is to transfer heat from a thermally insulated environment. The location of its heat exchanger should be an environment with a constant temperature (river bottom or soil). Installing such a system will require quite a lot of money, but in the process of its operation, resources will be saved up to 80%. At the same time, in winter time With the help of a pump, you can extract heat to heat the house, and on hot days - cool air.
Solutions similar to a heat pump also include solar collectors and windmills, whose main task is to convert the received energy into electricity (they themselves do not heat anything, they only produce energy). But then you have to choose which of the methods of electric heating at home to use.
Benefits of electric heating
Heating a private house with electricity, in addition to several disadvantages, has many advantages. So, when heating rooms with electrical appliances, harmful emissions do not occur, as with fuel-fired boilers. Therefore, this method is completely environmentally friendly. At the same time, in order to heat the house, additional labor and financial costs will not be required for the construction of a chimney or the arrangement of a boiler room.
Electric heating equipment is easy and safe to use because it does not require contact with liquid fuel or gas. And in order to control the heating elements and maintain the desired temperature in the room, no special skills and efforts are required. Do not forget about the high coefficient of performance (COP), due to which almost all the heat is directed directly to heating.
Disadvantages of electric heating
The main problem in this situation is the rather high financial costs of electricity. Therefore, it is important to carefully choose heating devices. It may be that the cost of the equipment itself will be small, but the electricity consumption is much higher than that of more expensive models. And the low cost can not guarantee the high quality of the equipment.
Another nuance when heating a house with electricity is the state of the relevant communications. If the wiring leaves much to be desired, then there will be no guarantee of uninterrupted, and most importantly, safe power supply.
Modern trends in the development of the direction of electric heating make it possible to improve electric heating devices every year, making them more automated and economical. Thus, every person who decides to heat his house with electricity will be able to choose the right option for himself.
The material was kindly provided by the site: http://remstd.ru/archives/variantyi-elektroobogreva-doma/ Recommended!