We produce waterproofing of the foundation with rolled materials. What material for waterproofing the foundation to choose
IKOPAL ULTRANAP is a multi-layer bitumen-polymer roll material. A binder of SBS-modified bitumen is applied to a backing with a reinforcing polyester non-woven fiber. The bottom layer is a fusible polymer film, which simplifies the installation of the waterproofing sheet. Top quartz fine-grained dressing. Along the edge of the top and bottom there is a polyethylene film that prevents the material from sticking together.
IKOPAL ULTRANAP is used for waterproofing underground and buried structures for various purposes, external insulation of wells, hydraulic structures, storm sewers, foundations, including shallow tape foundations, etc. It protects the structure at various depths of groundwater, prevents the penetration of capillary moisture. It can be successfully used in combination with coating waterproofing.
Material structure
Bitumen-polymer membrane IKOPAL ULTRANAP is suitable for use in all climatic zones of Russia. The service life exceeds 30 years.
Physical and technical characteristics
The value of the indicator according to specifications | |
---|---|
Width, mm | 1000 |
Length, m | 10 |
Weight 1 m², kg | 5 |
Tensile breaking strength, N, not less than | 900 (11301) |
Heat resistance for 2 hours, at temperature, °C, not less than | 110 |
Flexibility on a beam with a rounding radius of 25 mm at a temperature of °C, not higher | -30 |
Binder brittleness temperature according to Fraas, °С, not higher | -40 |
Water resistance under pressure: - 0.2 MPa for 24 hours; - 0.5 MPa for 6 hours |
no signs of water penetration |
Water absorption by weight, no more | 1 (0,03*) |
(*) - the results of testing materials in the branch of JSC TsNIIS NRC "Tunnels and subways".
Preparation of the insulated surface and rolled waterproofing
The surface on which the material will be laid must be cleaned of debris, dust, soil, make sure that it is even and well dried. If there are cracks, potholes and other irregularities, then they need to be repaired. It is also necessary to eliminate protruding parts, for example, a reinforcing cage.
Note! Installation of IKOPAL ULTRANAP bitumen-polymer materials in open areas cannot be carried out under any precipitation.
When installing waterproofing by welding, it is important to remove all contaminants from the insulated foundation surface (for example, oil stains, cement laitance). To do this, you can use sandblasting, after which dust must be removed from the surface.
Before starting work, the polymer membrane must be rolled out and allowed to rest for several hours to level. Also remove the protective release PE film from the roll material. For high-quality installation, before carrying out work in the cold season, the membrane must first be kept at a temperature of about 15 ° C during the day and rewound.
Waterproofing with IKOPAL ULTRANAP roll materials in the underground part of buildings is carried out:
- Free laying method.
- Fusion method.
- Combination of free laying and fusing.
Free-lay waterproofing
Advice. For free-lay installation on a foundation slab, it is recommended to pre-lay a layer of geotextile fabric with a surface density of 300 g/m². Geotextiles are laid with an overlap of 100 cm along all edges. On vertical surfaces, the upper edge is mechanically fixed.
For free lay installation you will need:
- hot air welding machine or gas-burner- for welding seams.
- Sealing machine - for processing seams of a longitudinal overlap.
- Sealing roller - for processing the seams of the end overlap.
The order of work on horizontal surfaces:
- Lay the membrane with an overlap of 10 cm. Joints along the length should be with a shift of the web of adjacent rolls by 1 m.
- Weld the seams with a gas torch or hot air welder, then roll them.
- To seal the seams from above, it is recommended to melt the IKOPAL bandage tape and also roll it.
The order of work on vertical surfaces:
- Lay the waterproofing in successive rows from the bottom up, rolling the sheet vertically. Overlap along the edge of the canvases 10 cm.
- At a distance of 5 cm from the upper edge, mechanically fasten the rolled bitumen-polymer membrane with a metal strip with dimensions of 4 x 40 x 600 mm. Fix the strip with self-tapping screws or dowel-nails in increments of up to 25 cm.
- Weld the seams with a gas torch or hot air welding machine, from the bottom up, rolling with a roller.
- Mount the next row of waterproofing sheet with an overlap of 20 cm on the previous one. Move adjacent rows of canvas so that there are no cross-shaped joints.
- If the canvas is laid on a vertical surface above 3.5 m, then it must be additionally fixed with metal strips and self-tapping screws (dowel-nails) every 3-3.5 m.
- To eliminate leaks on the mounting metal strips, fuse the bandage tape with an overlap of 10 cm, rolling it with a roller.
- To seal the seams on them, also fuse the bandage tape, rolling it with a roller as needed.
- Fix the material above ground level on the wall of the building with metal strips and self-tapping screws (dowel-nails). On a metal strip with an overlap on the wall, fuse a bandage tape to prevent moisture from penetrating. Roll the roller.
The bitumen-polymer membrane can also be laid in a free method for additional waterproofing of the blind area. Crushed stone and a sand cushion are poured onto the membrane, on which any coating is then laid.
Fusion welding
Advice. It is recommended to apply a primer on the surface to be insulated before fusing the ULTRANAP roll material. Fusing should be started after it has completely dried.
When fusing rolled waterproofing for the foundation, you will need a gas burner.
Work procedure:
- Fuse the sheet with an overlap of 10 cm. Joints along the length of the rolled material should go apart with an offset of adjacent rolls by 1 m.
- Lay the second layer in the same way as the first, with offset overlaps of the relative seams of the first layer.
- When mounting on vertical surfaces, weld from the bottom up, excluding cruciform joints. If necessary, fix the waterproofing sheet with metal strips and self-tapping screws (dowel-nails). To seal metal strips, fuse a bandage tape on them with an overlap of 10 cm.
- Fix the material above ground level on the wall of the building with an edge rail or metal strips and self-tapping screws (dowel-nails).
Note! With the correct fusing of rolled waterproofing (or when welding seams), the bituminous mass should flow out evenly by 5-10 mm along the edge of the web.
Waterproofing of the underground part of buildings and structures
Depending on the specifics of the excavation fencing, the underground part of buildings and structures can be waterproofed by free laying of a bitumen-polymer membrane:
- With fastening to the walls of the building - to create a hydro-barrier, if the wall does not adjoin the enclosing structure of the pit, as well as in pits with sloping slopes.
- With fastening to the enclosing structure - if the wall is adjacent to the enclosing structure of the excavation.
Horizontal waterproofing of the foundation is carried out exclusively at the stage of building a house. If time does not protect bearing structures walls from moisture penetration, then over time there will be a gradual saturation of the porous material of the walls with water, and cracks and delaminations will appear on the surface of walls and ceilings. Destructive processes will progress, and the gradual destruction of the house will begin. That is why it is so important to correctly and timely perform the waterproofing of the foundation walls.
Types of horizontal insulation
In construction, the isolation of foundations from water ingress is carried out by the following methods:
- With the help of laying rolled roofing materials.
- Coatings with impregnating compositions.
- Injections with special water-repellent emulsions and solutions.
Roofing waterproofing material is laid directly on the upper horizontal plane of the foundation before the walls are erected.
Sometimes you can hear the opinion that penetrating and injecting horizontal waterproofing of foundations can be done even during the operation of the house. If, for some reason, horizontal isolation was not performed at the construction stage, then, as a way out of this situation, it is allowed to treat the horizontal surface of the foundation with penetrating compounds or to make an injection waterproofing treatment.
To perform such processes, much more time and labor will be required, therefore it is best to perform waterproofing of the foundation walls immediately in the process of building a house.
Laying roll materials for waterproofing foundations
The main materials for the device of a waterproofing coating are rolled materials with a bitumen and or polymer base with increased mechanical strength. Rolled materials are fixed directly on the upper edge of the foundation. Horizontal waterproofing of foundations is carried out on a flat horizontal surface of the basement part of the foundation.
To achieve a flat and smooth surface, a leveling layer is made along the upper edge of the foundation. cement-sand screed. It is best to iron the surface of the screed with dry cement and in this case an additional element of moisture protection of the foundation will be created.
Materials for horizontal waterproofing of foundations
Technologies for performing a device for isolating the foundation from moisture penetration involve the use of various materials. The most commonly used roll insulating materials, such as:
- Ruberoid. Belongs to the most popular and affordable type building materials, as well as its variety - built-up euroroofing material, which successfully combines ease of use and reasonable price.
- Hydroisol. The welded sheet material is an analogue of roofing material, with a base made of fiberglass or special fabric impregnated with bituminous compounds.
- Gidrostekloizol. Welded material based on fiberglass with increased moisture resistance.
- Construction parchment. The material for the manufacture is construction cardboard impregnated with soft petroleum bitumen.
- Technoelast. Roll material with a protective coating against the formation of fungus and mold.
Any suitable roll materials with suitable characteristics can be used to organize the moisture protection of foundations.
Instructions for performing horizontal insulation with roll materials
The technology for the production of works for the implementation of gluing waterproofing consists in a phased implementation:
- The prepared foundation surface is coated with a special primer based on bituminous resins or water-based, called a primer.
- After the primer is completely absorbed, bituminous or polymer mastic is applied layer by layer on a horizontal surface with a brush - maklovitsa, trying to carefully process the outer and outer corner outlines of the foundation configuration.
- If roofing material or similar materials are used as an insulator, it is not necessary to dry the bituminous mastic and the first layer of roofing material is laid directly on the applied mastic coating. In the case of using welded roofing materials such as euroroofing material, it is necessary to preheat the lower adhesive layer and fix it on the mastic, trying to gently smooth it with a roller to remove voids and air bubbles.
- For better protection of the walls from the foundation, it is recommended to lay the rolled waterproofing in two or three layers. It should be noted that the width of the insulating coating must completely cover the entire horizontal plane of the foundation, including the finishing coating and even the internal plaster.
- When building a house with basements, horizontal insulation is arranged under the base or sole of the foundation structure, and horizontal waterproofing of the basement is also done.
According to existing building codes and regulations (SNiP), waterproof roll insulation must be carried out with complete sealing of seams, joints and gaps.
Horizontal impregnating insulation
The creation of horizontal waterproofing by applying impregnating cement compositions with chemically active compounds is inexpensive and effective ways creating a protective waterproof coating. When applied to a concrete surface, concrete crystallizes and a hard surface layer is formed with increased resistance to erosion and aggressive external environment.
Instructions for creating penetrating insulation
Apply penetrating horizontal waterproofing compounds in the following order:
- The upper horizontal surface of the foundation is thoroughly cleaned of dust and dirt stains, rust, paint residues are removed and degreased with hydrochloric acid solution. Rusty fittings must be cleaned to a metallic sheen and coated with an anti-corrosion compound. The prepared top should have a smooth and firm open-pore surface.
- Typically, penetrating compounds are sold in the form of dry cement mixtures with fillers - modifiers, which are diluted directly on the construction site with water in the right proportion and according to the instructions.
- The prepared horizontal surface is abundantly moistened with water with flat brushes until saturation.
- The prepared penetrating solution is applied to the surface with wide steel spatulas and carefully leveled. Usually the applied mixture is left for several days to dry. Naturally, in case of rainy weather, the applied layer is covered from rain drops with a PVC film.
AT recent times On the modern market of building waterproofing materials, special two-component polymer solutions with improved waterproof performance have appeared. Possessing low viscosity, polymer mixtures penetrate deep into the body of concrete, fill its capillaries and, after applying the hardener, create a reliable waterproof layer.
The application of penetrating mixtures significantly increases the water resistance of concrete foundations, which makes them popular and expedient materials for new construction, repair and reconstruction of houses and structures.
Injection moisture protection of the foundation
The injection method of creating a horizontal foundation waterproofing consists in saturating and filling the porous base material with special compounds through drilled holes. Injection solutions penetrate into the body of the foundation at a distance of up to 50 cm and, in contact with moisture in the pores of concrete, swell and reliably close the capillaries of the concrete structure and prevent moisture from penetrating. This type of foundation moisture protection is often used when carrying out repair work on the supporting foundation of a building.
Instructions for creating injection insulation of the foundation
Foundation injections with special emulsions and solutions are performed in stages:
- The foundation walls are cleaned of dirt and remnants of the previous waterproofing. Mark the required number of boreholes (holes) to create a continuous continuous waterproof layer of the foundation.
- Holes for injection at a slight angle are drilled to a depth equal to the width of the foundation. Special nozzles are installed in the drilled holes, which are called "parkers". Through them, the supply and uniform distribution of a complex composite emulsion or mixture is carried out.
- pumps low pressure up to 0.4 MPa, a special mixture of low-viscosity polymer gel with a hardener is fed into the body of the concrete foundation structure.
- The supply of mixtures is continued until the drilled hole is completely filled, after which the parkers are removed, and the outer holes are sealed with cement mortar.
The polymer composition hardens and swells upon contact with concrete moisture, forming an absolute waterproof coating.
An example of a horizontal foundation waterproofing device:
To create a horizontal waterproofing of the foundation, you can choose any insulating material and how it is laid. The main thing is the consistent observance of the technology of the insulating coating device and, of course, the conditions and expediency of using the chosen method..
Water wears away the stone... Groundwater is one of the most dangerous "pests" of the foundation. Freezing, the water soaked concrete base expands and leads to cracking. The foundation of the building loses its properties, which affects the wear resistance of the entire building. Therefore, protection from water and moisture is required.
One of the "effective" protections is rolled waterproofing for the foundation. Often it is used in combination with other types of materials, creating a complex barrier that prevents the penetration of water into the thickness of the foundation.
Types of insulation protection
There are two of them - vertical and horizontal.
Vertical waterproofing
It is used in the presence of a basement or a high base. Roll insulation is used from the outside, and both the above-ground and underground parts are protected. That is, to the entire height of the foundation, even before backfilling.
Horizontal waterproofing
If the humidity is negligible, the groundwater is deep or there is no basement, you can limit yourself to horizontal protection. Which, of course, does not eliminate the need for other types of waterproofing (bituminous or, for example, penetrating - about it below).
Horizontal insulation is carried out along the perimeter of the foundation for wall panels, brickwork or timber. Its main task is to create a barrier between moisture and walls.
If the basement is underground, both types of protection are needed. Horizontal insulation is done at floor level and along the basement surface, and vertical insulation is done along the walls.
Types of roll waterproofing
Material Requirements
There are several types, but all of them must meet the following requirements:
- elasticity;
- tensile strength;
- water resistance;
- elongation at break;
- resistance to the influence of chemistry;
- durability.
Types of insulation
- Pasting rolled waterproofing for the foundation. This type includes materials that require stickers: roofing felt, glass isol, glassine ... They are mounted using special glue or mastic - usually several layers.
- Built-up. This category includes materials with a polymer or bitumen layer. The name speaks for itself - before applying insulation, this layer is heated with a burner.
- Membrane. This type not only protects the structure from external waters, but is also characterized by vapor permeability.
Foundation preparation for waterproofing
The foundation surface must be solid and even. Rolled materials do not fit on sharp edges, so the latter must be rounded off or dismantled. Cracks and voids are minted with a Penekrit mixture, which is part of the Penetron waterproofing complex. Pre-cracks and joints are expanded (section at least 25x25 mm) and treated with Penetron penetrating compound.
After drying, the foundation is fully treated with Penetron. The essence of penetrating insulation is the formation of a monolith of concrete with a mixture. The latter penetrates deep into the structure and, crystallizing, blocks the capillaries. The composition is able to penetrate to a depth of 40 cm, gradually deepening to 90 cm. The mixture is applied in two layers with an interval of several hours.
If pressure leaks occur, they are sealed with Peneplag or Waterplug quick-setting compounds. After that, Penetron is isolated.
It is not necessary to wait for the finished foundation. Penetron Admix is a mixture that is recommended to be added to liquid concrete in a ratio of 1:100 to cement. Admix significantly enhances the water resistance of the foundation, increases its strength and frost-resistant characteristics.
If the base is distinguished by the presence of frankly defective - porous and loose - sections, they are dismantled before the reinforcement. The latter is cleaned and treated with an anti-corrosion compound, and the concrete is restored with the Scrape M500 repair mixture.
As a waterproofing of expansion joints, you can use the PeneBand system, which includes a strong elastic tape and a sealant (one- or two-component).
Before applying roll materials, the foundation is additionally covered with bituminous mastic. Sometimes, in dry areas, this is enough, but more often penetrating and bituminous insulation are used in combination with "rolls".
The next stage is rolled waterproofing for the foundation.
Installation of adhesive insulation
- a clean and durable base is primed with a special primer;
- a layer of varnish or mastic is applied to the foundation, which ensures adhesion of the insulation to the foundation;
- stick several layers of roofing material or other pasting roll material with an overlap of about 15 cm; if both horizontal and vertical pasting is performed, the corner overlap must be at least 30 cm;
- if necessary, apply the final layer of waterproofing varnish or mastic.
Installation of welded insulation
The structure of such insulation is multilayered: between a pair of layers of bituminous mastic there is a polymer or fiberglass base. The outer layer is distinguished by the applied protection of mineral chips. The inner one is characterized by a coating with a special film that prevents sticking of the strips.
Of the tools you will need:
- gas burner - with its help, the material is heated and the joints are welded;
- a heavy roller, which is used to iron the welded insulation, getting rid of air bubbles.
The installation process is reduced to heating the active layer and sticking it to the base. Fused rolled waterproofing for the foundation is glued both from top to bottom and from bottom to top - along the wall. The pasted material must be immediately ironed with a roller.
After pasting, the joints are welded with a gas burner to a complete monolith. If the installation is done from the bottom up along the foundation, the joints should be given increased attention, since the slightest flaw will result in water leakage.
The minimum number of layers is two. The maximum is limited by common sense. Each subsequent layer is mounted after the previous one has completely dried and with a shift of at least 250 mm.
Installation of membrane insulation
Roll waterproofing for the foundation membrane type comparatively young. Materials for vertical and horizontal protection in this case are different. For the vertical, a studded membrane is used, which evenly distributes pressure on the foundation. The spikes are on the outside and perform two functions: protective and drainage (allowing storm water to drain into the drainage system). A smooth film is used for the horizontal, which prevents the capillary penetration of groundwater.
Vertical isolation device
- Rondels are attached to the prepared base - PVC-coated metal elements. They allow you to mount the membranes with a building hair dryer.
- The material is cut, not forgetting the seam allowance - at least 10 cm.
- Using spot welding, the membranes are attached to the rondels. The temperature is selected experimentally, achieving high-quality welding. The joints are welded with a double seam.
Horizontal isolation device
Smooth membrane roll waterproofing for the foundation requires more careful preparation - the material is less durable. If the membrane is designed for waterproofing the sole of the foundation, it is rolled out onto the prepared backfill. To do this, cut off a layer of soil, level it, cover it with sand and tamp the latter.
- Geotextiles are laid, the density of which is at least 400 g / m 2. The strips are laid with an overlap of 15 cm, the seams are boiled with hot air.
- A membrane film is laid on top with a 10-centimeter allowance. Welding is performed in a double seam format: a welding strip of at least 15 mm, an air pocket plus one more welding strip.
- After welding, the quality of the seam is checked - by piercing the membrane, air is injected into the weld. The latter should last at least 20 minutes. Less time is a reason to find a defect and fix it. A patch is made at the puncture site.
- Membrane rolled waterproofing for the foundation is covered from above with an additional layer of geotextile - its density is already 500 g / m 2.
- A film with a thickness of at least 200 microns is laid on top. Its function is to provide a sliding layer and prevent concrete from getting into the pores of the geotextile. Joints are glued with mounting double-sided tape.
Which option to choose and how to competently perform insulation, based on specific conditions, experts will help determine. The foundation is too important to do waterproofing without proper qualifications. Turning to "BASIS-Pro", you will receive answers to all relevant questions. We will help you to perform the waterproofing of the foundation with a guaranteed result.
The most terrible enemy of the foundation is water. It contains great amount microorganisms that contribute to the destruction of the foundation of the house. Penetrating into the building material and freezing, water weakens the foundation. As a result, cracks and distortions appear, leading to an indispensable deformation of the structure. To protect the foundation from the negative effects of water, it is necessary to carry out waterproofing of the foundation.
Why do you need foundation waterproofing?
Protect the foundation from negative influences aquatic environment necessary for several reasons:
- Firstly, in the upper layers of the soil, the accumulation of moisture is often observed, which can penetrate the foundation by capillary action or exert a certain pressure on the base. In both cases, the foundation without protection is in serious danger.
- Secondly, water in a certain amount is available in any layer of soil. In this case, the foundation is not subjected to dynamic impact, but the penetration of moisture in this case cannot be avoided. Getting into the foundation and solidifying, water has a devastating effect.
- Thirdly, groundwater on the site can be located close to the surface, having a negative impact not only on the foundation of the house, but on the entire structure.
- Fourthly, water entering the soil may contain aggressive chemical compounds. This inevitably leads to the destruction of the concrete base.
Types of roll waterproofing
The modern construction industry produces several types of roll materials used for foundation waterproofing:
Varieties of roll waterproofing
- Pasting roll waterproofing is a waterproof material that has a different composition and is twisted into rolls. When installing protection of this type, the material is glued to the surface using bituminous mastic. Among materials of this type, roofing material and glass isol are especially popular.
- Fused waterproofing involves the use of a building hair dryer or burner. These tools are necessary to soften the bituminous layer. This ensures good adhesion of the waterproofing material and the surface to be protected.
- Diffusion film membrane is a modern high-tech material that not only protects the foundation from moisture penetration, but also removes its excess from the inside of the room. This allows you to maintain the integrity of the foundation for a long time.
How to prepare a surface for waterproofing
To avoid undesirable consequences after the waterproofing of the foundation, a preparatory stage is needed. It implies the following actions:
- Cleaning the surface from dirt, dust, mold.
- Leveling existing irregularities and sharp edges that can cause damage to rolled waterproofing materials.
- On a horizontal surface - the implementation of a concrete screed
Methods for installing roll waterproofing
Installation of a waterproofing layer can be performed in several ways. It depends on the type of protection chosen.
It is necessary to carry out work to protect the foundation from moisture with the help of gluing or deposited roll materials in the following order:
- The surface is treated with a special primer, which will serve as additional protection, and also act as a heat insulator.
- Apply mastic or varnish in one layer. This improves the adhesion between the waterproofing materials and the surface to be protected.
- Install waterproofing. At the same time, pasting rolled materials are best laid in two or three layers, smearing the joints of the strips with mastic. The built-up waterproofing is laid in one layer, heating the material with a gas burner.
- An additional layer of mastic or varnish must be applied over the waterproofing.
- Perform waterproofing protection. To do this, you can lay thermal insulation or brick.
- At the end of the work, perform or.
The membrane is a relatively new material with a specific mounting technology. However, there is nothing complicated in performing this process, the main thing is to follow certain rules:
- The waterproofing of the vertical surfaces of the foundation is carried out using a profiled membrane, which has protrusions in the form of spikes on one side. This structure evenly distributes the pressure on the foundation of the house. In addition, the outer studded side contributes to the condensation of moisture and its removal to the drainage.
- For fastening the profiled membrane, special metal elements with PVC coating are used. The fasteners are mounted on the surface of the foundation, and the waterproofing is fixed using a special building hot air gun.
- For waterproofing horizontal planes, it is recommended to use a smooth membrane. It prevents the rise of moisture through the pores of concrete. Laying a smooth membrane on the foundation is overlapped. For welding joints, they also use a building hair dryer.
Vertical waterproofing
The process of vertical waterproofing is not complicated, but laborious. Therefore, you will need an assistant to work. All actions are performed in the following order:
- The rolled material must be rolled out to straighten it. This will reduce the formation of air bubbles during installation.
- You can stick the waterproofing vertically from the bottom up, maintaining an overlap of strips of 15 cm. It is allowed to stick the material along the walls of the foundation. In this case, the installation also starts from below, but in this case the overlap can be reduced to 10 cm. The same principles are followed when using welded waterproofing.
- The glued strip of waterproofing material must be ironed using a roller or a special trowel. This will allow you to press the material more tightly to the surface and expel the remaining air. After all the vertical planes of the foundation are protected, the joints of the strips are well heated with a gas burner in order to completely fasten the waterproofing strips.
- Wait for the previous one to dry before applying the next layer. In this case, it is important to move the seams at a distance of at least 25 cm.
Horizontal waterproofing
Horizontal waterproofing
foundation
To waterproof horizontal surfaces, perform the following steps:
- The working surface is covered with a layer of sand and leveled.
- Geotextiles are laid on top of the sand layer, laying the sheets on top of each other by 15 cm.
- Then waterproofing is laid, withstanding an overlap of sheets up to 10 cm. Welding of the waterproofing material is carried out using a building hair dryer.
- An additional layer of geotextile is placed on top of the membrane.
- The final stage will be the laying of polyethylene and the installation of a concrete screed.
Waterproofing of a monolithic foundation
- The surface is carefully leveled using a cement-sand screed.
- After the screed has dried, a layer of bituminous mastic is applied.
- A layer of waterproofing is laid on top of it.
You can do the waterproofing of the foundation with your own hands, for this you must follow the work technology. In addition, there are some nuances that help improve the quality of waterproofing:
- Waterproofing must be continuous and uniform both on the surface and at the junctions of structural elements.
- It is not recommended to use materials that can destroy each other when interacting.
- After installing the waterproofing, additional protection with a polymer membrane can be performed.
High-quality waterproofing of the foundation with rolled materials will ensure its reliable and long-term operation, making the entire structure durable and safe.
The foundation is the part of the building that undergoes the greatest stress. The durability of the building depends on the reliability of this component of any structure. When destructive processes begin, this causes the deformation of the remaining elements. Therefore, increased requirements are imposed on the waterproofing of the base. This is true for private houses, since almost every owner of such a building uses a basement or basement.
Such work should be carried out comprehensively, protecting the entire structure from moisture. Water affects the foundation in different ways, often negative factors are activated simultaneously. It can be:
- precipitation;
- The groundwater;
- flooding of rivers;
- snow melting.
Some believe that in some cases the waterproofing of the foundation may not be carried out. This belief is short-sighted, since the house is built for decades, and after a while construction may begin nearby, which will lead to ground movements that affect the location of underground water layers. Even if a highway is laid nearby, it can have an impact.
There are many other reasons that could lead to a change in the configuration and level of water in the soil. During the year, the depth of the water will change, the climate is also not stable. If you are still undecided about whether to waterproof the basement of your house, then keep in mind that repairing the foundation will cost significantly more compared to building a house box. Before starting work, you should familiarize yourself with the main types of waterproofing material, as well as their characteristics.
Horizontal insulation
When it comes to monolithic strip foundation, then horizontal waterproofing must be placed in two places, namely in the basement, at the junction of the wall with the foundation, and also at or below 20 cm of the level of the basement floor. This technology can be implemented only at the stage of building a house.
Before starting manipulations, greasy clay is poured into the bottom of the pit, the layer thickness of which is 30 cm, it should be well tamped, and a 7-cm layer of concrete should be poured on top. It is necessary for the arrangement of waterproofing. Before laying, the mortar must dry and settle for 15 days. Further, its surface is coated over the entire area, and a layer of roofing material is laid on its surface.
The next step will be surface treatment with mastic and laying another layer of roofing material. From above, a 7-centimeter layer of concrete should be poured, which is leveled and ironed.
Horizontal waterproofing must necessarily be provided, since this stage refers to measures that provide waterproofing. After 3 hours, a 2-centimeter layer of cement should be poured on top of the concrete, which is sifted through a sieve. The surface is leveled, after a while the cement should get wet from the moisture contained in the solution. With the resulting base, you should proceed according to the same technology that is used in the arrangement of a conventional screed. From time to time, its surface is moistened with water until the concrete reaches its design strength and dries.
For reference
All of the above materials for waterproofing the foundation will become an effective protection for the base, which, after drying, must be covered with bituminous mastic, laying roofing felt or any other similar material on top. This procedure must be repeated twice in order to form two layers. The edges of the material that hang from the base should not be cut, they are wound down and pressed in the form of a vertical waterproofing.
Vertical isolation
When choosing materials for foundation waterproofing, you should first of all think about what technology you will use. If we are talking about vertical waterproofing, then bituminous materials can be used. In this case, the master will have to resort to the coating method using bituminous resin. Most often it is purchased in bars. To carry out work, it is necessary to prepare a large container into which 30% of used oil is poured. 70% bitumen should be added to it.
The container warms up, for which it blows under it to make a fire or set the barrel on gas stove. Once a liquid mixture is formed inside, vertical waterproofing can be carried out, which involves applying the composition to the surface. The latter must first be leveled. It is necessary to use a brush or roller during the work, with the help of one of which bitumen is applied to the surface. In this case, you should try to miss all the joints and corners. It is necessary to start from the sole of the base, ending the manipulations 20 cm above the ground. It will be necessary to form about three layers of bitumen so that the total thickness of the material is approximately 5 cm.
The nuances of bituminous waterproofing
Bituminous waterproofing of the foundation is carried out only with the use of a hot composition, so you need to make sure that the mixture does not freeze. After standing for 5 years, the surface will begin to crack and collapse, this will cause water to penetrate into the concrete. To extend the service life, it is necessary to use bitumen-polymer mastics, which almost do not have the disadvantages of pure bitumen, since they are durable. On the building materials market, you can find cold and hot applied mastics, as well as polymer solutions, the latter of which may have a liquid or rigid consistency. It is necessary to apply such materials for waterproofing the foundation, following the instructions, which may involve the use of a sprayer, spatula or roller.
Roll materials
Roll materials can be used as a separate layer of waterproofing or in tandem with coating compositions. Roofing felt is considered a popular and cheap material for gluing insulation; it is fixed on the surface of the foundation, which is pre-treated with mastic or bituminous primer. At the next stage, the roofing material is heated by a burner and strengthened to a vertical surface with an overlap of 20 cm.
This technology is called fused. There is a technique that provides for fixing the roofing material with the help of the above, the resulting layer must be covered with bituminous mastic and another layer of roofing material should be laid.
Recommendations of a specialist for waterproofing with a pasting method
If you decide to use rolled materials for waterproofing the foundation, then before fusing the roofing material, the edges should be turned down and the rolled materials being welded must be strengthened. Instead of roofing material, it is permissible to use modern materials by the type of "Stekloizol" or "Technoelast". Polyester is used as their polymer base, which improves the quality of elasticity and wear resistance. Despite the fact that the price is higher compared to roofing felt, these materials are recommended by experts for foundation insulation. With their help, however, it will not be possible to ensure the strength of the coating without the additional use of mastic, since they do not have the ability to penetrate into the pores.
plaster insulation
This method is quite simple and performs the function of waterproofing the base, leveling the surface. It is necessary to add hydro-resistant components to the ingredients of the plaster mixture, which, after mixing, are applied with a spatula. In order to ensure that the composition is held on the foundation, the putty mesh should be strengthened to it with dowels.
Plaster waterproofing has the advantages of low cost and high speed of work. However, there are also disadvantages, expressed in low water resistance, fragility and the possibility of cracks.
For reference
Recently, polymer concretes have become increasingly popular, the use of which is common in modern construction. They are a modern kind of concrete mixture, in the manufacture of which a polymer is used instead of cement or silicate. Initially, the material is in the form of a viscous liquid called synthetic resin. When forming a polymer concrete foundation, a structure is obtained that is resistant to moisture and provides for the creation of the simplest waterproofing system.
The choice of waterproofing by manufacturer
"Isoplast", the price of which is 150 rubles. per square meter, is a durable, reliable and high-quality material that is used for waterproofing the foundations of buildings for various purposes. It is made on two bases: fiberglass and polyester, and slate dressing is used as a protective top layer.
Laying of this material is carried out on a pre-prepared base by welding. This will require a gas burner. Gluing can also be carried out on bituminous mastic. "Isoplast", the price of which depends on the variety and can reach 180 rubles. per square meter, retains heat resistance at a temperature of +120 ° for 2 hours.
Characteristics of "Technoelast"
"Technoelast TechnoNIKOL" is another type of waterproofing for the foundation. It represents increased reliability. It can be used at constant groundwater pressure and low temperatures. According to the manufacturer, Technoelast TechnoNIKOL can be used in conditions that are unlikely to be able to withstand other materials. This insulation is made by applying a bitumen-polymer binder to a polyester or fiberglass base. Laying "Technoelast" is carried out using
Conclusion
Mastic "Aquaizol" can be used by you as foundation insulation. It is a bituminous composition, which is consumed in the amount of 0.45 kg / m 2. It suggests the need for a manual method of applying a cold composition. The thickness of the formed layer should be 10 mm.