Do-it-yourself metal roof. Types and arrangement of metal roofing
It has another name - "metal roofing corrugation". Due to the fact that in the cross section it is a “wave” (with different amplitudes and lengths), it is considered a more durable coating due to such peculiar “stiffening ribs”.
metal tile
In fact, the same profiled sheet that successfully imitates natural tiles. A large, rich palette of colors is considered one of the advantages of this type of roofing.
B. By material
Steel
- "Galvanization". One of the cheapest types of metal roofing.
- Polymer coating. Such sheets are more resistant to the effects of the atmosphere, ultraviolet radiation and differ extended term services. But they also cost a little more.
- Coating aluminum + zinc. Such a layer is characterized by the ability to self-heal in case of minor damage (small cracks, scratches) and increased resistance to corrosion.
- Coating titanium + zinc. A better protective layer, but the price of samples of roofing material is higher.
- Coated with quartz chips. In addition to increased resistance to the influence of negative external factors, it differs in that it does not heat up under the rays of the sun. Excellent as a roofing material for houses with attics, especially in southern regions countries.
Aluminum
The material is very light, so it can fit on any load-bearing structure, since it practically does not create additional load on the truss system. According to experts, it is advisable to use for finishing roofs in coastal areas, where, by definition, there is an increased concentration of salts in the air. By the way, this is one of the causes of corrosion in many metals.
Copper
This metal has many advantages - it is inert to liquids, durable, practically does not deform under temperature changes. In addition, during operation, the surface is covered with oxide, which increases the service life of copper years up to 25º. The peculiarity is that, depending on chemical composition rainfall, such a roof can acquire a different shade over time.
The only negative is the high cost of the metal. Therefore, this roof cannot be called widespread - only owners with high incomes can afford its installation.
Not a single coating will last the period declared by the manufacturer if the elementary requirements for its operation are not observed. It would be useful to briefly recall them.
- Moving in rough shoes leads to damage to the protective layer, thereby reducing the life of the material.
- It is necessary to periodically conduct a visual inspection of the roof over the entire area. The appeared defects in the form of scratches are immediately eliminated (with the help of special or paint and varnish compositions).
- Regular floor cleaning. Someone considers this to be superfluous, but if we take into account that even a nail that hits the roof will begin to rust, and this process will gradually develop, this measure is far from useless.
Metal roofing is widely used in modern construction. Roofs of individual cottages, multi-storey residential and public buildings, as well as industrial premises are covered with metal sheets.
There are two main types of metal roofs:
- Flat (folded) from sheet or rolled steel.
- Profiled and their variety - metal tile.
For the production of roofing materials, sheets of galvanized steel, aluminum, copper and zinc-titanium alloy are used.
Traditionally in Russia, practical galvanized steel remains a popular roofing material. Easy to use and relatively inexpensive material allows you to equip roofs of any complexity.
Cold-rolled rolled steel 0.5 mm thick is used as the basis of the roofing material. During production, steel sheets are coated on both sides with a layer of zinc to protect against corrosion. The thickness of zinc coating for roofing steel is 250 - 320 g/sq. m.
Roofing steel is also produced, coated with an alloy of aluminum and zinc "Aluzinc" and special polymer coatings. The polymer coating allows not only to reliably protect the metal from corrosion, but also gives the roof decorative properties.
Among the roofs made of non-ferrous metals, copper has received the greatest popularity today. The only drawback of this material is the high price, which, however, fully corresponds to the quality of the roof.
Aluminum roofing is made of rolled metal, on which polymer coatings are applied. It is light in weight, which allows it to be used on any type of crate. Roofing made of aluminum is characterized by durability, resistance to atmospheric influences.
Metal roofing made of zinc-titanium alloy is a common material in Europe, but still little known in Russia. It is based on zinc sheets alloyed with titanium and copper. The material has high ductility and solderability, it resembles copper in physical and operational properties, but at the same time it costs half as much.
The device of metal roofs
seam roof
Seamed roofs are called roofs in which the individual elements of the coating from sheet or rolled steel are connected using special seams - folds, when the edges metal sheets as if wrapped around one another. Metal sheets are recommended to be laid on roofs with a slope angle of 16° to 30°.
Separate sections of the metal coating, prepared for the seam connection, are called the picture. Metal sheets are combined into paintings in advance, usually in pairs along the short sides, which reduces the amount of work performed at height. In the process of preparing pictures, the edges of the sheet are bent from all sides. Then the sheets are joined with folds.
There are single and double seam connections, recumbent and standing, there are also self-latching seams connected without the help of a tool. The short edges of the metal sheets running across the slope are connected with recumbent folds, and the long side edges, running along the slope, with standing folds. Seams are rolled up manually or with special seaming devices, folding machines.
The most airtight and reliable is considered to be a double standing seam, which is a longitudinal connection that protrudes above the roof plane between adjacent paintings, the edges of which have a double bend.
Rolled seam roofing is currently considered the preferred option for roofing. It is suitable in all respects for difficult climatic conditions.
According to roll technology, the manufacture of roofing paintings goes for the entire length of the slope. The longitudinal edges of the paintings are prepared for joining into a double standing seam on a special blanking machine. These paintings are mounted on a slope, fixed on it with clamps and fastened to each other using a seaming machine. The tightness of the double standing seam, where needed, is supplemented by a seal inside the seam.
Scheme of the device for mounting a metal seam roof
Subject to the installation technology, a rolled metal seam roof provides 100% protection against atmospheric moisture.
Seam roof device: general principles installation
The first stage is the ground part of the work. Sheets of roofing metal are cut according to the drawings, pictures are made for slopes, overhangs and gutters.
Then the pictures are connected with a recumbent fold into an overall picture the size of the entire slope and the side edges are bent to make standing folds.
The second stage is top notch.
The collected paintings are raised to the roof, the paintings are fastened to the crate with clamps. The clamp is a narrow metal strip, one end of which is screwed to the crate, and the other ends inside the standing seam.
As a result of such a connection, not a single technological hole remains in the roof, which increases its reliability and tightness. For additional protection against leaks, a self-adhesive insulating tape is placed in the folds.
It should be noted that all additional metal elements of the roof: clamps, nails, other connecting parts, ventilation and near-pipe exits - must be made of the same material as the roof itself.
Profiled sheet roof
To increase the rigidity, the roofing metal sheet is subjected to profiling, i.e. give a wavy shape. Profiled sheets (corrugated board) are made from galvanized steel or steel with a polymer coating. Decking differs in the shape and height of the corrugations, the thickness of the metal sheet, the width of the finished profile, and the scope.
It involves the use of a profiled sheet with a corrugation height of 35 mm. Galvanized corrugated board is used more often in industrial and civil construction at large facilities. Profiled sheet with polymer coatings of various colors is used in individual and low-rise construction.
One of the varieties of profiled sheets are various curved and arched profiles. They expand the possibilities of builders, allowing you to create products of complex shape for arranging corners, cornices and roof ridges.
metal tile
Highly demanded roofing material in recent times- all-sheet metal tile. It belongs to the varieties of profiled roofing sheet. The metal tile is made on the basis of rolled galvanized steel. To obtain a pattern that imitates natural tiles, steel sheets are subjected to transverse stamping, then coated with a polymer layer.
Metal tiles are actively used in the construction and reconstruction of low-rise residential buildings, small public buildings, such as cafes, shops, pavilions. It is not recommended to use it on roofs with a slope of less than 14 degrees.
Metal tiles are produced with different profile geometry (width and height of the wave, pattern), types polymer coatings, color palette.
The main advantages are:
- light weight of the material;
- ease and convenience of installation;
- corrosion resistance and long service life;
- a variety of colors;
- acceptable price.
The main one, like other types of metal roofing, is often called increased noise during rain and wind. However, this drawback, as a rule, depends on the quality of the roofing work. A well-laid and fixed metal roof does not knock on the crate during gusts of wind, but correct device soundproofing and drainage significantly reduces the noise of flowing water flows.
The durability of a metal roof largely depends on the correct manufacture of the crate. Even a slight deflection of the sheets reduces the density of their connection and leads to breaks and leaks.
The crate and rafters for metal roofs are made of boards with a section of 200 x 50 mm and a bar with a section of 50 x 50 mm. To avoid deflection of the roof, the bars are stuffed in increments of at least 200 mm. The device of the cornice overhang is performed with a continuous boardwalk, 700 mm wide. The joint of the ridge is formed by two boards with even edges, laid tightly to each other.
Metal roofing, all elements of which are made in compliance with the technology, is able to reliably protect your home for many decades, without requiring frequent and complex maintenance.
A few decades ago, in the territory of the post-Soviet space, galvanized roofs shared the palm with asbestos-cement slate. The introduction of the latest processing technologies in production and the use of polymer coatings have allowed metal products to break far ahead. Metal roofs have significantly improved their durability and aesthetics, and the color palette and shapes meet the requirements of the most demanding customer.
Peculiarities
Metal roofs are used for industrial buildings, residential buildings, outbuildings and small architecture objects: gazebos, sheds. AT classical form building material is sheets, some of which are coated with a polymer layer or paint. Sheet iron is made from alloys or non-ferrous metals: copper, aluminum, titanium-zinc, steel. The parameters of one sheet vary depending on the manufacturer. On average, the length is 2500 mm, width - 1250 mm, thickness - 26-29 mm. For a folded roof, products are produced with special locks (pictures), which, when assembled, form a standing double seam - a fold.
According to the type of processing, the following types are distinguished:
- cold rolled;
- roll;
- sheet;
- black;
- galvanized.
Stamped options with a relief surface, which include corrugated board, are more popular. The wave enhances the rigidity and strength of the metal profile structure. A modern coating can imitate bituminous, ceramic tiles or wooden shingles. For each type there are special styling technologies. The release of a modern metal roof implies a complete set for arranging the roof. The roofing set includes the plates themselves of various sizes and shapes, as well as fasteners, additional elements and other details necessary for high-quality installation. The high price of the coating is offset by quality, long service life and ease of maintenance.
Types of roofs covered with metal are diverse and generally have no restrictions on the complexity of forms. Installation does not require complex equipment. In each individual case, weight is simply taken into account, sometimes requiring reinforcement of frame nodes, ductility of the source material, as well as compatibility requirements. Metal tiles and profiled sheets do not tolerate contact with bitumen: corrosion appears on the internal surfaces. Installation is made on a solid base with insulating materials. The truss structure has rather small distances between the details of the crate. For a folded roof, the distance between the strips is no more than 250 mm. The recommended slope of the slopes is from 16 to 30 degrees.
Pros and cons
The advantages of materials are largely determined by the type of finish, which is different for tiles and sheet metal. But they have common indicators with a metal profile that allow you to evaluate the entire group.
There are several advantages of a metal roof.
- Durability - average service life at correct installation and operation for about 50 years.
- Environmental friendliness - the metal does not contain harmful substances, does not negative impact on people and animals.
- Lightness - the coating weighs much less compared to ceramic tiles and some other roofing materials.
- Fire resistance - does not ignite and does not burn.
- The rafter system, as a rule, does not need to be reinforced, so you can use the old frame.
- The smooth coating and the absence of horizontal types of beams contribute to the rapid sliding of snow into winter time, which makes them indispensable for roofs with a small angle of inclination.
Among the shortcomings, it is worth highlighting a few major ones.
- The roof emits significant noise during precipitation, so additional materials are required to reduce it.
- The metal heats up and cools down quickly, which affects temperature regime at home. And this means that when arranging the roof, it is necessary to provide for an increase in the heat-insulating layer.
- Metal is vulnerable to lightning strikes. To avoid electrical discharge, all houses are equipped with protective devices with grounding.
- During snowfalls, fast sliding becomes a disadvantage: snow can fall on people in a large lump. To prevent injuries and block the path of an avalanche, special pegs are installed on the roof. Thanks to the pins, the layers, under the weight of their own weight, are broken into insignificant elements and cease to be dangerous.
Varieties
The concept of "roof" means a protective outer covering of the roof, protecting from all kinds of atmospheric phenomena. Very often, when analyzing the properties and characteristics of roofing materials, they also consider their influence on the truss system, as well as additional details and the principle of fastening to the crate.
According to the main material, roofing iron can be:
- pure metal - copper, aluminum;
- alloys - titanium-zinc, steel;
- with a protective coating (polymers, paint).
Popular metals and alloys
Copper is the most expensive type of roofing from its group, has plasticity, resistance to temperature changes, and is suitable for covering even complex roof shapes. Is issued both in rolls, and in sheets, including folded. Initially, it has a characteristic reddish or pink tint. After 15–20 years, it begins to acquire a noble patina, which serves as a natural protection against corrosion and the effects of atmospheric phenomena. The rate of oxidation is 6 µm/year.
The acquired shade depends on the chemical composition of precipitation and the climate in the region. The whole process of transformation takes from 80 to 100 years - from bright and shiny like a polished copper, to brown, black, and then malachite. The average service life is 150 years, and the recorded record is 700 years.
The surface finish can be as follows:
- seamless smooth;
- with seams;
- imitation "scales".
Aluminum is the lightest type of coating(about 2 kg / m²), which has 40 types of shades of gray: metallic silver, light bronze, old copper and others. It is not subject to corrosion, it is plastic, the color does not fade and does not change over time. Aluminum is recommended for covering complex shapes. The advantages include immunity to various kinds of precipitation. Unlike many other types, it is ideal for decorating roofs in houses by the sea.
However, when heated and cooled, it changes its dimensions, which must be taken into account during installation: special clamps are used for fasteners. This feature does not affect the tightness of the roof. Aluminum can be produced in large plates with pictures. Warranty operation up to 100–150 years.
Zinc-titanium or D-zinc is a separate category of alloys. It is produced in rolls and square sheets, often with a seam lock, which ensures the tightness of the entire coating. There are also shingles in the form of diamonds, designed to decorate part of the roof with complex geometry, as well as a large angle of inclination - from 35 degrees.
As a percentage, each of the components accounts for:
- pure zinc - 99.5–99.9;
- titanium - 0.02–0.17;
- copper - 0.03–0.12.
In terms of plasticity, the material resembles copper, but with low temperatures below + 5°C this property is significantly weakened. Thermal expansion is significant, therefore, as in the case of aluminum, a sliding system of fasteners is used to install the titanium-zinc coating. To carry out the work, you need a tool designed specifically for this material (without sharp edges), marking is carried out only with a pencil or marker.
On sale, such an iron roof is found in gray-blue or dark gray. Like copper, it is subject to a patination process that starts after 4 or 5 years. Over time, the material does not change its characteristics and does not require maintenance. In the event of mechanical damage, it is easy to solder. Operation is designed for 170 years.
The steel is produced in galvanized form, the protective layer prevents rust and increases the service life up to 120 years. This is the most common type of roofing in Russia. This is due to the ease of installation, the lightness of the material and the ability to cover even the most complex sections of the structure. The recommended slope angle is 14-20 degrees.
Roofing iron in the form of black steel is obtained from a soft rolled carbon alloy by cold rolling. Double-sided options are produced by the hot method, the thickness of the foil layer in finished form is at least 20 microns. The higher the value, the more durable the material. Due to the properties of zinc, small cracks and damage can be repaired without outside help.
The average lifetime values are as follows:
- black steel - 20–25 years (repair is required after 10–15);
- "galvanization" - 25-30 years.
Sheet parameters are represented by the following indicators:
- average thickness - 0.45–0.55 mm - for roofing;
- reinforced thickness - 0.63–0.7 mm - for overhangs, wall gutters, downpipes;
- width - from 510 to 1250 mm;
- length - from 710 to 3000 mm;
- weight - from 4.5 to 7 kg / m².
The disadvantages of steel sheets include a short service life and nondescript appearance- dull grey. The resistance of the zinc layer is low: it is damaged by mechanical stress, so care is needed during transportation and installation. From time to time, such a roof must be cleaned of rust and painted.
Types of textures and installation methods
A flat or folded roof consists of metal strips or sheets assembled with the help of special clamps, which form a kind of vertical scar on the covering - standing folds. They create a rhythm of design and provide tightness, which is extremely difficult to break. Roofs assembled using roll technology have the greatest reliability. On the sheet there are also horizontal - recumbent folds. For fastening, a special tool is sometimes needed, but there are varieties with self-latching locks. For such a system, the lightest materials are used, which allows you to build a truss system without additional supports, even with a large coverage area.
Fold types
It is worth adhering to some of the nuances of installation.
- At small angles of inclination of the roof, a continuous crate is used. On slopes from 14 degrees, you can install in increments close to the width of the paintings.
The picture can be of different sizes:
- min - two sheets;
- max - in the entire slope of the roof.
- The metal is attached to the base with the help of kleimers, one of the ends of which is rolled into a fold, and the other is nailed to the crate.
- The fold, depending on the model, is single and double. The second is recommended for facing structures with a slight slope.
Profiled sheet or roofing corrugation is a molded material with a vertical wave of different heights and lengths. Corrugation gives the roof additional rigidity and strength. The higher the amplitude, the more the “stiffening ribs” work. It is based on sheet types of metal roofing. The coating is characterized by light weight, corrosion resistance and long service life (50 years). The laying of the profile roof is carried out with an overlap on one wave. The rafter system and the crate do not require any reinforcements.
Advanced options are factory-coated with heat-insulating foam, on top of which a polymer layer up to 1.2 mm is applied. In this case, you do not need to spend money on an additional layer of thermal insulation from ordinary materials, for example, mineral wool. Most products are produced with a protective layer that contains coloring pigments. The color palette of the profiled sheet is diverse and has no style restrictions.
The metal tile is made of a profiled sheet (a metal profile with a thickness of at least 0.5 mm), which has a longitudinal and transverse molding, which exactly copies the types of traditional ceramic tiles: waves, scales, steps, and others. The length of the finished sheet depends on the manufacturer and ranges from 50 to 800 mm. At the bottom of the canvas there is an anti-capillary groove, through which accumulated condensate or precipitation should drain from the roof.
Installation is carried out on a simple truss structure. The only limitation is that the angle of inclination of the slope must be more than 14 degrees. Between themselves, the sheets are tightly overlapped. The roof is attached to the crate at the bending points with hexagonal screws, placing rubber gaskets (EPDM). The tile has the widest range of colors provided by the polymer protective film. The warranty period depends on its quality and properties. So, with pural foil coating, it is 15 years. For greater imitation with ceramic, the sheets are covered with a powder of quartz sand or basalt chips. The production technology allows to increase the service life up to 30 years.
protective layer
The polymer film is applied only to the outer part of the sheets. The resistance to damage and durability of the material depends on their quality, which, in turn, affects the formation of prices. The basis is aluminum or high-strength steel. The coating has several layers and each of them protects the previous one.
steel pie
aluminum composite
Polyester (glossy PE) made from polyester. The layer thickness is 25 microns. It belongs to the economy class, although it is well characterized in terms of color fastness, plasticity and resistance to corrosion. Microcracks under the influence of atmospheric phenomena will not appear, but the material is susceptible to mechanical damage, it is easy to scratch it. Transport and installation must be carried out with care. PE is represented by a wide range of colors. Metal tiles with such a coating are most often purchased for cottages and garden houses.
Polyester (matte MPE) has a thickness of 35 microns. Unlike smooth, it has a pleasant velvety surface. The roof is flexible, the magnitude of the bend does not affect the quality and properties. The material is immune to mechanical damage, imitates natural textures well and does not fade in the sun, but the palette itself is poor.
Plastisol (PVC200)– 175–200 microns, PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) based composition with the inclusion of various plasticizers. Much more plastic than the previous representatives of the group, it cannot be scratched by tree branches. It is recommended for drainage elements, but impractical for roofs in the southern regions: it burns out and is capricious to temperature fluctuations. At right choice color is ideal for industrial areas and sea coasts, as it is resistant to chemical attack. Most often it serves as a coating for stamped relief products, imitates leather, wood, looks beautiful with a decorative notch.
Pural (PU)- This is a modified polyurethane, which is often presented in combination with polyamide. The thickness is 50 µm. It is used to cover metal tiles, has excellent characteristics: it is immune to mechanical damage and stress, and is not afraid of sudden changes in temperature. Bright colors that do not fade under the sun are another plus in the PU piggy bank. The price is very high, but it justifies itself with durability and the absence of roof repairs over a long period of operation.
Polydifluorite (PVF2)- This is a mixture of polydifluoride with another polymer - acrylic. It is glossy and matte with a characteristic metallic sheen. The thickness is 25–35 µm. The coating has absolute characteristics for all available indicators of resistance: to UV, atmospheric phenomena, mold, chemicals and mechanical damage. In addition, it is distinguished by its ability to repel dirt, so after rain the roof will always look like new. The cost of PVF2 is the highest of all polymers.
How to choose?
Galvanized sheets are sold in stores in packages or in rolls wrapped in sheet steel and tightened with a thin steel tape. The weight depends on the loading method. For manual carrying, it is 80 kg, and for automatic (loader) - up to 5 tons.
You should follow the advice of experts when choosing sheets.
- At the time of purchase, you should try to inspect all the sheets. They must have a uniform coating, without cracks, scratches and delaminations. Any violation of the integrity of the surface, the presence of roughness on the gloss will lead to an early repair and a reduction in the life of the roof.
- It is worth carefully studying the quality of galvanizing. The layer should not have bulges or smudges, the declared thickness is in the range of 250–320 g/m. In the same way, it is worth examining polymer coatings for defects.
- The thickness of the sheets depends on the purpose, but not less than 0.5 mm. For auxiliary elements, such as overhangs or grooves, metal is selected from 0.6 mm. Do not confuse roofing iron with wall iron, it is thicker and has slightly different characteristics.
- The dimensions and calculation of the required amount, for example, a metal profile or copper, is determined based on the shape of the roof, its structure and the estimated area. Today, there is no longer a need to calculate manually; many manufacturers and sellers have electronic calculators on their websites for these purposes. The main thing is to correctly measure the structure necessary for calculations. A percentage should be provided for unavoidable waste.
- Experts recommend purchasing basic and additional elements, fasteners from one manufacturer, then the roof will be assembled without problems, and the guarantee will not cause unnecessary questions.
- You have to beware of fakes. If you cannot distinguish the paint layer from the polymer layer, then it is better to seek help from a specialist or take an experienced builder with you. The difference in price and quality of such products is very large to take risks. Usually the paintwork and the polymeric outer layer are painted in different colors. Even in the store it is worth determining where which of them is located. This will help you avoid embarrassing mistakes.
- Metal roofing, with rare exceptions, must be protected during transportation and protected from moisture until the end of installation work.
Mounting
At first glance, metal laying seems simple. It is not worth it to cover the roof of a residential building without the appropriate knowledge and skills in working with metal. It is better to hire professional roofers who specialize in tin structures. But on small outbuildings, you can cover it with your own hands, especially when it comes to seam roofing.
Step by step instructions include the following steps:
- the coating begins to be prepared on the ground or in the workshop. In accordance with the drawings and calculations, pictures are cut out for slopes and additional details: overhangs, gutters. If the steel is not rolled, but sheet, then the fragments are fastened together with the help of recumbent folds;
- for complex areas with sharp elevation changes, all values are additionally specified, their agreement with the cut-out details of the main coating is checked;
In the process of arranging roofing, various materials are used. They differ in a set of characteristics, pricing policy. One of the materials in demand today is metal. It is easy to use, practical and relatively inexpensive. Even a non-professional installer can mount a coating from this material.
To complete the finish correctly and efficiently, you need to learn how to choose and install the right metal for the roof. The advice of experienced builders will help to sort out this issue.
general characteristics
Metal has been used by mankind in the field of construction for many centuries. Sheets of this material are subjected to special processing. The result is a strong, durable and lightweight finish. It is for this reason that metal is often used for arranging roofs.
Today, sheets of this material are processed in various ways. As a result, do-it-yourself metal does not cause great difficulties. The sheets bend well. This allows them to be used on the roof of almost any shape.
Finishing can be done using metal tiles, rolled or sheet steel. The last two varieties have a lot of advantages. When using such materials, the finish is sealed. Sheets in this case are connected in a special way. It does not require the use of special materials.
Advantages
Any type of metal for a roof has a number of positive characteristics. First of all, it should be noted its durability. With proper processing, the finish will last for several decades. It slightly weights the structure of the building, in contrast to heavy
The cost of metal finishing remains consistently acceptable. This is a versatile material. It is suitable for finishing the roof of almost any type. For flat, inclined, figured structures, it is metal that is used. It can be installed fairly quickly.
The presented material provides high rigidity of the joint with the crate. Also, the metal, when properly processed, resists adverse atmospheric influences well. It has many types, design options. The roof, finished with the presented material, looks stylish and spectacular.
Varieties
Metal roofing is a relatively simple job. The choice of materials in this case can be any. There are sheets of various kinds metal. The customer can choose both simple and noble materials.
More expensive than other varieties is the roofing with copper or zinc-titanium alloy. Sheets made of or aluminum are also characterized by high efficiency. For such materials, a special It additionally protects the metal, and also gives the surface the desired decorative effect.
Roofing is much cheaper when using tin. This material necessarily has a protective layer of aluzinc or zinc. This option is most often used in the arrangement or outbuildings. For finishing the roof of a house, it is recommended to use metals treated with a polymeric substance.
Steel sheets and coils
If it is necessary to make calculations for the roof of a dome with metal, roofs of complex configuration and other objects, consider such an option as sheet or roll materials. Their thickness can be from 0.6 to 1 mm.
Sheets are produced with a width of 1 m or 1.25 m and a length of 2-3 m. They are laid apart. Adjacent sheets are shifted relative to the previous layer. In this case, the finish resembles an old roof. Installation is quite labor intensive. The number of stitches in this case will be significant.
Roll materials differ in width from 57 to 1 m. The length of the roll can reach 16 m. Such material is used for large slopes that have a uniform slope. Also, this material is suitable for roofs with a steep slope. The joints in this case are connected using a special technology. In this case, installation is faster.
Decking
The use of corrugated board is another popular material for metal roofs. Profiles in this case belong to the carrier category. It has a special capillary groove. In addition to roofing, load-bearing corrugated board can also be used for wall decoration.
When choosing corrugated board, it is necessary to choose the right thickness of the material. If it is insufficient, the sheet will be too soft. The groove in this case may be deformed. And the roof will not qualitatively remove excess moisture.
To finish the roof, several types of profiled sheets are used. Grade S-21 is characterized by sufficient rigidity. It is mounted on a crate, which has a step of up to 80 cm. RN-20 is characterized by large dimensions. The width of such sheets is 110 cm. It is also a rather rigid material.
The most durable varieties are professional sheets of category S-44 and NS-35. They have additional ribs. The material is very durable.
Mounting Features
Having received information about what are the dimensions of the metal on a soft roof, rigid variety of finishes, you should consider the features of the installation of the presented materials.
It should be noted that sheet and roll varieties do not have high rigidity. This is a soft type of roof. Decking is more rigid. However, the installation principle for various metal types of finishes is similar.
The elements from which the roofing is assembled in this case are called paintings. To connect them together, special seams are created. They are called fakes. These seams create an airtight connection. They prevent moisture from getting inside. It is the folds that create a special pattern on the surface of the roof. Therefore, such a roof is called seam.
The basis for a soft roof
sheet or rolled metal for seam roofing mounted on a prepared base. If the roof is sheathed with soft material, a hard floor is prepared. For these purposes, a continuous crate of boards is used. In some cases, it is allowed to use a base made of chipboard or plywood. These materials must be moisture resistant. If necessary, the base is treated with special water-repellent compounds.
Metal must not be laid on bitumen-based materials (roofing material). There should be a small distance between the metal and the base of the roof. This allows you to create the necessary ventilation. For these purposes, a special mat of interwoven polymer fibers is laid on the crate.
Membrane can be used for the same purpose. It is distinguished by the presence of truncated cones. The use of such materials not only contributes to the creation of ventilation, but also serves as sound insulation. The noise of rain, wind will be heard less.
Sheathing for corrugated board
hard varieties metal for seam roofing can be mounted on a base of a slightly different type. A solid crate in this case is used only for slopes with a small angle of inclination (up to 15º). If metal of low rigidity is to be mounted, slopes are also created from a continuous crate.
If the angle of inclination of the roof reaches 15-30º, a board spacing of about 45 cm can be used. This will be enough to ensure sufficient strength of the system. For steeper slopes, you can increase the pitch. The crate in this case can be about 60 cm. It is very important to take into account the rigidity of the corrugated board.
For brands such as NS-35, NS-60, NS-75, the angle of inclination of the roof does not matter much. For them, you can use the crate with the widest step. In some cases, this figure reaches 3-4 m. This type of material is used in large facilities. For private construction, less rigid materials are more often used.
Connection of paintings
The presented types of finishes are connected using special seams, which are called folds. They provide a secure, waterproof joint. Therefore, the presented type of finishing is not needed. sealants. For metal roofing the pictures are laid out perpendicular to the eaves. They are connected using double or single folds.
The height of such seams is most often about 2.5 cm. The step between the folds is determined by the size of the paintings. Most often it is about 50-70 cm.
The pictures are also joined horizontally. Such seams run parallel to the eaves. This mounting option is suitable for long slopes that cannot be covered with a single layer of metal sheets. Such joints are performed by the lying fold method. It makes the joints less visible.
It is extremely rare that paintings are fastened with nails, self-tapping screws or screws. In this case, the metal has to be drilled. The material cannot freely expand and contract with temperature fluctuations. It's also not tight enough.
Fold types
Metal for seam roofingcan be connected in various ways. Seams differ in configuration. Standing folds are recommended to be double. In this case, a strong, reliable connection is obtained. Such seams are used for roofs with a slope of up to 25º. For areas with frequent heavy snowfalls, it is recommended to make a high rebate.
In some cases, if there is water on the roof for a long time, special gaskets can be used to seal the seam.
The standing type of fold connects sheets of metal with the help of special clamps. They are installed between metal paintings. With their help, you can make longitudinal seams.
If the angle of inclination of the slopes exceeds 25º, you need to connect the pictures with an angular fold. It resembles the letter "G" in its configuration.
metal coating
Should be of high quality. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to its finish. Metal is most often treated with various polyurethane materials. The most popular are roofing sheets treated with polyester, pural and PVDF.
Polyester belongs to the category of the cheapest materials. This layer looks aesthetically pleasing. However, in terms of strength, it is inferior to other varieties.
Pural is made on the basis of polyurethane. It has a higher cost. But the roof, covered with the presented material, is less susceptible to mechanical stress, chemicals. This is a durable, durable type of finish.
Polyvinyl difluoride (PVDTF) is the most durable, strong type of coating. This is the most expensive option for finishing metal sheets.
What to look for when choosing?
Roof metalmay differ significantly in a number of characteristics. For each type of roof, it is necessary to choose the right finishing material. At the same time, the slope of the slopes, the features of the climatic zone, the configuration of the structure and other nuances must be taken into account.
When choosing, it is important to pay attention to the thickness of the sheets and the type of their coating. Before purchasing materials, you need to make a calculation. You can order the necessary metal paintings directly from the manufacturer. In this case, their dimensions will optimally match the existing conditions.
You should not buy products that are cheaper than market prices. In this case, the roof will not be strong enough. Later a short time work will need to be redone. This will require additional costs. To avoid this, you need to purchase products from trusted manufacturers. When buying, you need to require certificates for the presented metal sheets.
When buying, it is important to pay attention to a number of issues. Experts advise visually inspecting the metal. It must be of sufficient thickness. Too thin varieties are not suitable for arranging the roof. The material will be constantly exposed to various adverse effects. Therefore, its strength must be high.
Need to see the outside. It should not have defects, rust, peeling of the coating. It is also important to pay attention to the inside of the sheet. It must be uniform in color. There should be no streaks on the metal. The coating should be uniform in color over the entire area of the material.
Having considered the features roofing metal, you can choose the best option for each type of construction.
The term "metal roof" refers to pitched structures covered with flat or profiled sheets of galvanized steel, aluminium, copper or special alloys. At the moment, this option is considered one of the most reliable and safe, durability reaches 20-50 years, the scope includes both private houses and industrial and public facilities. The choice of a specific type depends on the configuration and budget of the work, the installation technology has an average degree of complexity.
It is considered optimal for high requirements for fire safety and reliability; it is successfully mounted on roofs with a slope of up to 25%. The pie scheme may include a heat and waterproofing layer or be non-insulated, to common features include the laying of corrugated board, tiles or seam paintings on the batten system and sealing the joints of the junction areas and drilling sites. Among the many advantages are:
- Resistant to fire, temperature extremes and atmospheric influences.
- Ensuring rapid descent of moisture due to the smooth surface.
- Attractive appearance.
- Relatively small weight.
- Maintainability.
- Ability to implement complex projects, stability of forms.
Durability depends on the quality of anti-corrosion protection, aesthetic appeal - on the presence and type of polymer outer layer. The offered range of corrugated board, rebated elements, smooth sheets and tiles includes grades with varying degrees of gloss - from completely matt to glossy. Such roofs are laid using components that match in color and style.
Types of metal coatings
Depending on the material, there are:
1. Aluminum roofs, characterized by low specific gravity, plasticity and excellent anti-corrosion properties. They are offered to buy if it is necessary to reduce the load on the truss system and in order to obtain a durable structure, the service life reaches 100 years. Most often, aluminum is used in the construction of a seam roof or in the manufacture of profiled sheets and metal tiles.
2. Copper coatings, which are elite and retain their attractiveness and reliability for up to 100-150 years. This group is represented by folded sheets with a thickness of 0.6-0.8 mm and small tiles with vertical and horizontal locks. Copper is easy to weld and bend and looks spectacular on both flat and curved surfaces, the only limitation is the high price.
3. Products made of zinc-titanium, laid with folding seams on a solid wooden crate of slopes with an angle of 5 °. In terms of plasticity and visual appeal, the material resembles copper, but when working with it, other skills and tools are required. Durability reaches 90-100 years under normal conditions, 40-70 - when operating cottages located on the seashore.
4. Roofs made of galvanized steel with a thickness of 0.4 mm or more. The group of building materials includes modern views corrugated board, tiles and seam systems and is the most common. This is due to both more affordable cost compared to other types, and simple installation technology. In addition to protecting the slope area directly, sheets are used for the production of funnels, gutters, valleys, cornice strips.
The above materials are used in the manufacture of metal tiles, seam paintings and corrugated board. Cloths imitating natural tiles are placed on a wooden crate with a step matching their profile and fixed with self-tapping screws. When working, the general requirements are observed (accurate movement and lifting, the absence of high-speed cutters, sealing of joints). They are laid on roofs with a slope of 15 °, some brands allow a downward deviation. A distinctive feature is the large number of additional elements and the need for the correct number of fasteners depending on the installation site, the costs of these items are quite high.
Roofs made of profiled sheet are lightweight, bearing capacity is determined by the presence of rigid corrugations. They are fixed with a mandatory overlap of adjacent panels from 100 to 200 mm based on the angle of inclination of the slope using self-tapping screws with sealing silicone or nylon gaskets. The service life is affected by the reliability of anti-corrosion protection - in the absence of a polymer outer layer, the corrugated board will need to be updated in a few years, when using grades coated with polyester, acrylic, pural or plastisol - from 30 or more. The chosen direction of the waves should not interfere with the runoff of precipitation from the surface; by analogy with other types, drainage systems are placed along the edges. Replacing any section is not difficult.
Seam metal roofs are assembled from the so-called paintings - sheets with edges prepared for hermetic joining. A distinctive feature is the absence of mounting holes, the fixation of the material to a continuous or frequent crate is carried out using clamps, the connection of adjacent elements is by single or double folding of the seam, the latter ensures the highest possible tightness. The advantages include economical consumption, reliability and long service life, no leakage, minimizing the risk of displacement during sudden temperature changes, ensuring rapid drainage of water due to the smooth surface.
Colored roofs are assembled both from folded paintings and from individual small-piece products in the form of scales, leaves or tiles. In addition to the unique durability, they give the building a unique image and rightfully belong to the elite. Despite the presence of convenient locking connections, it is better to entrust the work to professionals.
The main criteria are the thickness, bearing capacity and reliability of the protective and decorative coating (if any). Attention is also drawn to the wave height and markings, wall varieties for roofs are categorically not suitable, the recommended types are designated “H” or “CH” from 35 mm and above. The calculation is carried out based on the size of the slopes: the fewer seams, the better. It is mandatory to check the availability of fire and technical certificates.
- When planning the construction of a metal seam roof and high requirements for tightness, preference is given to double standing elements, during construction in complex climatic conditions- rolls.
- With a limited budget, you can buy simple, unpainted galvanized sheets with the condition of their subsequent painting.
- When buying multilayer options, the condition of the edges and the coating itself is assessed, defects and scratches are unacceptable.
- Attention is drawn to the type of protective and decorating layer and the proportion of zinc in its composition, the recommended minimum is 145 g / m2, the more it is, the better.
- If you want to manufacture additional products on your own, you should purchase a thickened type of corrugated board, the permissible minimum in this case is 0.6 mm.
When choosing a manufacturer, preference is given to time-tested brands. The overpayment in comparison with cheap and little-known brands is 5-15%, but it pays off with quality and fulfillment of warranty obligations. The best lines of copper coatings include products from Rosmed, KME Tecu, Aurubis, VBS, GZOTsM, zinc-titanium - Rheinzink, NedZink, VM Zinc, aluminum - Alunova, Gentek, Impol, Alcoa and Prefa. A large share of materials from non-ferrous metals is represented by foreign companies, but Russian and joint products are gradually replacing them. With galvanized steel, the situation is reversed: domestic smooth and profiled sheets are produced by many factories, best reviews have Grand Line and Metal Profile.
The cost of roofing materials
Type, manufacturer | Anti-corrosion protection | Metal thickness, mm | Weight 1 m2, kg | Price for 1 m2, rubles |
Profiled C21, Grand Line Optima | 25 micron polyester layer | 0,45 | 4,5 | 280 |
Seam roofing, Classic A Ruukki | 0,5 | 4,72 | 980 | |
Double standing fold Pro, Grand Line | 0,45 | 3,356 | 345 | |
Metal tile Monterey, Metal Profile | Plastisol from 100 microns | 0,5 | 5,5 | 645 |
Seam copper, KME | — | 0,6 | 5,3 | 1860 |
Roofing aluminum Prefa | Double layer of enamel on the outside and protective varnish on the inside | 0,7 | 2,3 | 2470 |
Smooth aluminum sheet | — | 0,8 | 2,35 | 875 |
Galvanized steel coil | zinc Zn 100 | 0,55 | 6,3 | 275 |