Where to install the fine filter of the heating system. How to flush the heating system in a private house yourself: an overview of effective methods
Excessive pressure in the heating system, a sharp temperature jump - all this leads to the fact that steel elements, pipes rust ahead of time. Further, water is clogged, which negatively affects the performance of boilers and other heating systems. To avoid such unpleasant consequences, it is recommended to install a water purification filter in the heating system.
Water always contains impurities of foreign elements. If you do not install a special filter, these suspensions will penetrate into the heating equipment, spoil the condition of the pipes and the equipment itself. In addition, when the liquid in the boiler, the radiator heats up, a precipitate forms, settling like limescale.
Home heating equipment must include:
- coarse cleaning;
- "fine" filtration;
- magnetic cleaning structures (delay pipe chips, possible rust impurities).
Coarse filtration of heating equipment
The coarse filter allows you to effectively retain most of the large suspensions. It is necessary to study the scheme of the heating system in order to install it in several places at once.
Sump
Elementary design with a mesh catcher. The sump is installed on the main connection if we are talking about a central heating system. For schemas of the stand-alone type, things are a bit more complicated. The mud collector must be installed on special branches.
By location, this type of filter can be:
- horizontal;
- vertical.
By filter attachment method:
- flanged;
- threaded;
- welding.
The mudguard is made of brass or steel. The most popular are brass models. They are able to withstand temperatures up to 150 degrees. Steel models are characterized by similar indicators, however, they are prone to rapid corrosion.
The installation of the device must be carried out in the direction of movement of the main coolant, otherwise there will be strong resistance (by type - hydraulic). The sump mesh must be regularly cleaned of accumulated suspensions (the water is first turned off).
sump
A more “perfect” unit, designed for installation in a heating structure, allows you to forget about maintenance work for a long time. A mud filter with a built-in sump has a special flask located at the bottom. All foreign particles of dirt contained in the water sink to its bottom. The advantage of such a flask is that it is made of transparent, resistant to high temperatures plastic. A person has the ability to constantly visually control the degree of its filling.
Design Benefits
- Visual control of the filter flask. When it is full, a tap installed in the lower part of the valve is turned on, the accumulated dirt is drained.
- The percentage of air in the composition of water decreases, metal elements of heating equipment are not so susceptible to corrosion.
- Easy installation, affordable price.
"Fine" cleaning of heating equipment
Autonomous owners heating structures preference for fine filters. It can be in the form of a square, a cylinder. When choosing a design, it is taken into account that the material of manufacture can withstand high temperatures.
Important parameters for choosing equipment for home heating:
- It is desirable that it be possible to attach the equipment to the wall. For a plastic pipeline, this is extremely convenient.
- The material from which the equipment is made. The main water filter element (cassette) must be metal, since metal is the most resistant to high temperatures.
- Attention is drawn to the maximum allowable pressure value for the selected model.
Important! If antifreeze is installed, it is strictly forbidden to install a fine filter. It is also not necessary if the coolant was processed during installation.
Magnetic filters for heating system
The unique performance properties of magnetic filters have made them popular for heating systems. The design is really very simple. These are two magnets (opposite poles), located "face" to each other. Once there, metal impurities will simply remain on the surface.
Varieties of designs of magnetic water filters:
- Removable type. The design of two plates that are mounted directly on the heating pipe. The equipment is characterized by ease of installation, if necessary, it will not be difficult to replace replaceable elements.
- Removable type. The design looks like an ordinary pipe made of special alloys (ferrimagnetic). This model is characterized by a large working resource. It should also be noted that the magnetic field performance is much better than that of the removable type equipment.
The cost of magnetic type filters varies, taking into account the capabilities of a particular model. The simplest design can easily be installed by the average buyer.
Often the question arises as to whether it is necessary to install all three types of filters for the heating system. For a stand-alone design, a sump will suffice. If we are talking about a central heating system, it is recommended to install all three types of water purification filters (the liquid in the water supply contains more various impurities).
Installation of cleaning equipment for home heating can be carried out independently. Now manufacturers in the box with the selected design must include instructions. If you strictly follow it, the equipment will work correctly.
Filter for heating system plays an important role, whether central or heating system. If you do not take care of the installation of the fluid purification structure, the pipes will quickly become clogged. As a result, the heating system will heat worse, apartment or a private house"shrouded in cold."
Surely each of you at least once in your life faced a very unpleasant situation when, at the very height of the heating season, the batteries suddenly began to heat the house poorly. Moreover, as consumers note, along with the low heat transfer of radiators, the volume of consumed resources remained at the same level.
Experts explain this phenomenon by the fact that the highway is clogged from time to time. And this, in turn, leads to a reduction in the useful volume of the pipeline and, as a result, to a decrease in the heat transfer of heating devices. Therefore, it is important to know how to flush the heating system in a private house, so that if you do not freeze, but definitely keep warm.
Where is the dirt in the radiators
As a rule, water is used as a heat carrier. The most common water, which is taken both from a centralized pipeline, and from a well or a nearby reservoir. In the first case, in most cases, various kinds of chemicals are added to the coolant, which are subsequently deposited on the walls of the heating main in the form of scale. The second one is somewhat more difficult. It’s good if you have a good filter station at the entrance to the boiler, which purifies water from a well (reservoir) from sand, silt and other fine particles. However, not everyone has a thermal block equipped with equipment of this kind, as a result of which dirt remains on the walls, accumulates, as a result of which the passages narrow.
It is for this reason that cleaning the heating system in a private house is an extremely important and necessary procedure, without which, alas, heating will not be as efficient and economical.
The formation of scale on the inner wall of the thermal circuit, the thickness of which varies from 0.8 cm and above, leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the unit by 35%. Timely cleaning of the heating system will reduce the heat loss of such a plan.
Moreover, the presence of foreign bodies in the heating main reduces the service life of the entire heating unit. And this, in turn, leads to additional costs for the purchase of a new boiler, as well as for the re-equipment of the heating unit as a whole. Therefore, it is important to prioritize correctly.
And although the rate of contamination does not directly depend on the material from which the radiators are made, the corrosion process should not be discounted.
How to determine the presence of scale
Thermal imager data - in the right picture, the battery is 40% dirty
Certainly, by external characteristics it is extremely difficult to determine the need for flushing the heating system. But at the same time, it is easy enough to find out if scale is in the heat main. So, the main indicators of the formation of dirt on the internal surfaces of heating devices and leading to them hot water pipes, as well as the need to perform a procedure such as flushing heating systems, are:
- decrease in the rate of heating of heat exchangers;
- the operation of the heating boiler is accompanied by extraneous sounds that have not been observed before;
- partially cold battery- in the upper part it is cold, and in the lower part it is hot, or vice versa;
- the radiator is completely cold, while the pipe leading to it is warm;
- increase in the consumption of consumed fuel resources for warming up to the required temperature regime in room.
In addition, plaque often forms in the thermal circuit a few days after another one has been connected to it. heating device. This is due to the fact that new elements must, so to speak, “get used to” the operation of the entire assembly. Moreover, they are treated with special substances that prevent the formation of corrosion. And when water heated to a certain level passes through them, these paintwork components are washed off and gradually turn into plaque, coming into contact with other substances.
How to deal with the problem
Thanks to modern technologies, there are mechanical and chemical methods for flushing the heating system.
Mechanical
The good old-fashioned old-fashioned method, in which the pipes are disassembled and all surfaces are manually cleaned of scale with the help of hard brushes, wire and knitting needles. Before starting, a thinning chemical (Mole, etc.) is poured into the pipes, which softens the layers and makes it possible to scrape them off quickly. The disadvantage of the method lies in the duration, complexity and understanding of how the system works, how to disassemble it, but most importantly, how to assemble it after cleaning.
Chemical
A modern way to get rid of scale and limestone deposits almost at the height of the heating season. For flushing, a pump is connected to the system, distilling water with a certain chemical composition, depending on the method, acidic or alkaline.
Now in more detail about the most effective methods. Through which you can clean the heating system with your own hands.
Pulsating water composition
This option for flushing the heating of a residential building is carried out using special equipment. With the help of such installations, the heating circuit is filled with a mixture of compressed air masses and water. Ultimately, cleaning of the inner walls of the pipeline and heat exchangers is achieved through active wave pulsation.
This method of flushing the heating system in a private house is good because it allows you to get rid of accumulated contaminants in the mains and radiators in just 15 minutes. And this, in turn, significantly extends the service life of both the heating element and the entire thermal circuit as a whole.
Timely cleaning allows you to reduce the consumption of fuel resources. Therefore, do not neglect such a procedure as flushing the heating system.
Biologicals
The advantages of this cleaning option are that there is no need to turn off the heating unit. So, biologically active preparations are added to the water, which literally dissolve any kind of pollution, be it rust or scale. And besides, there is no need to call specialized employees, as in the previous cleaning method. In addition, biological products belong to the group of environmentally friendly formulations, both for human health and the environment.
Technique "Pneumohydraulic shock"
In this case, special equipment is also used, through which short-wave, high-frequency pneumohydro shocks are created. Despite the reviews of some people who claim that such measures can harm the heating block, you should not be afraid that the heating circuit itself will be damaged as a result of this cleaning option. And all because the lion's share of the impact force (and this is more than 90%) falls on the coolant flow. This cleaning method is used, in most cases, in enterprises where the risk of plaque and rust is very high, as well as the length of the entire heating pipeline.
VIDEO: Cleaning with a Typhoon air gun
Use of chemicals
This method is most often used to clean the contour of a complex configuration. And if the heating circuit in your house has many turns and drops, then this option will best help get rid of rust, scale and sediment accumulated in the pipeline and batteries.
The flushing liquid in this case consists of two or three types of acids, which are capable of cleaning the pipeline from contamination in just 15-25 minutes, while increasing the usable volume of the pipeline and heat exchangers.
When using chemicals for cleaning, you must be extremely careful. Because it may cause burns. It is best to use protective equipment in the form of goggles, gloves and a mask.
In addition, this cleaning method can remove several millimeters of the main material from which the pipeline and radiators are made. And this, in turn, can lead to leaks. Therefore, before using chemicals, determine the level of wear of all components of the assembly. And if the walls of the line or heat exchangers are already worn out, then it is better to give preference to another option.
The use of one of the above cleaning methods depends on the condition of the pipeline and heat exchangers, as well as on the level of their contamination. And if you correctly carry out the procedure for cleaning the heating unit, then it will serve you for a long time, providing comfortable temperature living conditions.
VIDEO: Flushing the heating system
Any heating system, whether central or completely autonomous, is a rather complex “organism” that includes many elements, each of which performs a particular purpose. And in this list of components there must be a place for filtering and cleaning devices for the coolant. This function is taken over by mud collectors.
When designing central heating systems, such filters are planned without fail, both in boiler houses or at thermal power plants, and on collectors and elevator units directly in buildings connected to heating networks. But in individual construction, no, no, and there are situations when inexperienced house owners do not fully understand how important mud collectors are for heating systems, and do not include them in an independently developed scheme. And it’s completely in vain - these very inexpensive, easy to install and maintain devices can significantly improve the operation of the entire system, significantly extend the trouble-free period of its operation, save the owners from the rather laborious and dirty work of periodic cleaning of both pipes and radiators, and significantly reduce operating costs for heating housing.
The carrier of thermal energy from the boiler or central to the radiators is a liquid heat carrier. Most often, this role is played by water, pure or with any chemical additives. In certain conditions, for example, in private houses where the owners do not live all year round, special liquids are often used that are resistant to negative temperatures - antifreezes, but even in them water occupies a significant part of the total volume.
Water is always a very active oxidizing agent, causing corrosion of metal parts of thermal routes, house wiring, radiators, shut-off and control valves. The formed particles of rust eventually exfoliate from the walls and are picked up by the flow. However, if a pipe, a tap, a radiator, a welded or threaded joint, a tee, or certain conditions(narrowing of the passage, unevenness, influx from the weld, change in the direction of flow, etc.), then this place most likely becomes vulnerable to the formation of plugs - small scale particles settle, accumulate, layer, narrowing, and sometimes completely blocking coolant passage.
Many people are probably familiar with the situation when heating radiators heat up unevenly, not over their entire area. It also happens that in the battery several sections remain cold at all - the coolant clearly does not circulate through them.
Radiator sections clogged with dirt - the reason for their uneven heating
If the check shows that there is no air in the radiator, then such a picture can only be caused by the accumulation of dirt.
Sometimes when you open the battery, you can see a similar "sad" picture.
Such radiators will not be able to provide the required heat transfer, and you will have to resort to emergency measures - remove them and carry out a thorough flushing. And this, believe me, is a very complex and time-consuming process.
How is radiator flushing carried out?
There are several technologies for cleaning pipes and radiators from accumulations of dirt and scale deposits. Details on how it is performed, and the idea and its verification by the method are described in a special publication of our portal.
Not only radiators are overgrown with dirt - it also clogs pipe channels, taps, air valves, branch pipes of expansion tanks, etc. As a result, the operation of the heating system begins to completely go out of balance.
Clogged pipes are an additional, completely unnecessary load on the pump and boiler, unnecessary energy costs
So, narrowed passages do not provide the necessary volume of coolant circulation, and in order to achieve the desired temperature, it is necessary to increase the current power of the boiler. Moreover, the layer of plaque on the walls of pipes and radiators becomes a "thermal insulation pad", that is, heat transfer is sharply reduced. And this is another reason for the increase in heating costs.
This "migrating" dirt and solid particles can lead to additional stress on the circulation pump, damage to its turbine and complete failure. Well, the saddest thing will be if blockages form in the boiler heat exchanger - this in most cases leads to burnout of the heat exchanger, often entailing the replacement of all expensive equipment as a whole.
An increased concentration of solid inclusions can seriously change the electrolytic characteristics of the coolant, which is highly undesirable for heating systems powered by an electrode (ion) boiler.
Electrode boilers require special properties of the coolant
The principle of operation of electrode boilers is fundamentally different from other heaters. More about the device and characteristics - in a special publication of our portal.
Unfortunately, it is not possible to completely eliminate the formation of solid suspensions in the circuits and heat exchange devices of the heating system. This means that it is necessary to organize a “collection point” in which debris and dirt will be retained, filtered out of the liquid, and then regularly removed, moreover, by very affordable methods that do not require the dismantling of any components of the heating system. This is precisely the main function of mud filters.
Equipping the system with such filtering devices immediately provides a number of advantages:
- The most complex and expensive components of the system - the pump and the boiler, receive reliable protection from pollution, overgrowing of channels and damage. Consequently, their operational resource increases significantly.
- The need for frequent draining of the coolant to replace it with a new, clean one disappears - it will be maintained in a satisfactory condition for use anyway. Considering that some coolants cost a lot, this is another article of significant savings.
- The use of filters and high-quality, properly selected coolant will free the owners for a long time from the procedure for cleaning and flushing all heating systems.
Much depends on the quality of the coolant
Of course, the maximum efficiency and safety of operation of the heating system can only be achieved using a high-quality coolant. A special publication of our portal is completely devoted to varieties and characteristics.
- Heating radiators clean from dirt and solid deposits provide maximum heat transfer, and free channels of pipes, fittings, connecting assemblies and control valves - minimum hydraulic resistance coolant. Both allow the boiler and pump to work optimally with a minimum consumption of the respective energy carriers. Moreover, it has been calculated that, in general, the effect of saving the operation of a “clean” system, compared to one with mud deposits, can even reach 40%.
In a word, there is something to think about - the installation of a relatively inexpensive and easy-to-use device immediately gives the owners a lot of preferences.
The main types of mud filters and their device
General classification of mechanical filters
In filters for coarse mechanical purification of water from solid impurities (which deserved the name of mud collectors), three basic principles for separating suspensions are used:
- Settling filters use gravitational forces - due to a sharp increase in volume and, accordingly, a drop in flow velocity, solid particles settle to the bottom under the action of gravity. Often this is supplemented by a sharp change in the direction of movement - then turbulent and centrifugal forces are also included in the "work", carrying more inert heavy particles to the periphery of the flow, where they settle, thereby releasing water.
A typical device for such a sump is shown in the diagram below:
Usually these are vertically arranged cylindrical body (pos. 1), into which two branch pipes with flanged connections are welded: inlet (pos. 2) and outlet (pos. 3). From the bottom, the body is closed with a flange plug (pos. 4), the top is tightly welded. The bottom plug usually has a branch pipe (pos. 5) for mounting a valve to it for maintenance work - draining the sludge and washing the filter. There is also a branch pipe on top (pos. 6) - a valve is installed here to release air when the system is filled with coolant.
In the cavity of the central cylinder, there may be one or more jumpers (pos. 7) that sharply change the direction of the flow of water passing through the filter (shown by blue arrows). Solid inclusions (pos. 8) settle down, where a layer of sludge is formed (pos. 9), which is regularly cleaned during preventive maintenance.
Such filters are usually installed on large pipelines, for example, on industrial enterprises. In a home heating system, their use is not very rational. However, the principle of gravitational water purification is successfully used in other filter models.
- Mesh filters - in them, the flow of water is passed through a mesh structure with cells of a certain size. All particles whose diameter exceeds the cell size remain in the filter.
- In magnetic filters, as the name implies, permanent magnets are installed, which attract small particles of metal and metal scale. It is recognized that the installation magnetic filter, in addition, it sharply reduces the likelihood of scale formation on the walls of pipes and in heat exchangers of heating devices.
As already mentioned, very often in modern mud filters used for heating systems, two, and sometimes all three principles of mechanical water purification are combined.
According to the type of installation in the system, sump filters can be in three different versions:
- Sleeve filters are often installed on pipes of small and medium diameter, characteristic of autonomous heating systems.
On both sides of such a product for connection to pipes, couplings with internal (there are models with external) threads are provided. On the filter housing, respectively, hexagons are provided for inserting an open-end, adjustable or gas wrench during installation or dismantling. Such filters are usually immediately "packed" into the system when it is assembled.
- It is extremely difficult to work with threaded connections on pipes of medium and large diameter (over 2 inches), therefore filters with a flange connection are most often installed in such areas.
Flange connection involves the installation of an o-ring, and then tightening with bolts. During the initial installation of such a filter, there are a few more worries, since it is required to weld counter flanges to the pipe in a strictly established position, observing the installation length of the product. But on the other hand, if it is necessary to remove the filter, it will be quite simple to do this without resorting to dismantling the entire wiring section.
- There are filters that are mounted “tightly” to the pipes - on both sides of such devices there are nozzles, along the edge of which a chamfer is made - for a weld.
Probably the only advantage of such filters is lower cost. But in the event of an accident or the need for replacement, you will have to cut a section of the pipe.
Non-removable, welded mud collectors include filters in a polypropylene housing - specially designed for small diameter pipes of similar design.
They are also welded immediately during the installation of piping, and to replace them, if necessary, you will have to cut out a whole section. Therefore, probably, they are not particularly popular - usually most craftsmen prefer to install metal couplings, and only then switch from them to polypropylene.
According to the method of maintenance, filters also have their own gradation:
- Self-flushing - in such mud collectors, a tap is provided in the lower part, when opened, the accumulated dirt (sludge) is washed out with a stream of water. At the same time, the filter mesh is cleaned.
For better flushing of the grid, often when installing the filter, a bypass with a valve is provided. This makes it possible to redirect the flow of water from the reverse side during maintenance - even solid inclusions that are tightly stuck in the cells are washed out very well and drained into the drain valve.
- Wash filters. They do not require dismantling the entire product - after disconnecting a section of the system from the coolant supply, it is enough to unscrew the plug or remove the flange plug, remove the filter element and clean and rinse it (if necessary or in models with cartridge inserts, replace it with a new one). Then the filter is assembled in the reverse order - and it is ready for use again.
- There is also a category of non-flushing mud filters. To service them, you have to completely dismantle the entire device from the system. Of course, this is very inconvenient, and such products are not in demand and are practically not installed in autonomous systems heating.
And, finally, mechanical filtration devices can be divided into two categories according to the degree of purification of the liquid passing through them:
- , which, in principle, are called "mud collectors", have grids capable of retaining solid inclusions larger than 300 microns (0.3 mm).
- Fine cleaning devices are designed to filter out suspensions ranging in size from 5 to 300 microns. They are usually used in post-treatment systems for tap water for domestic and food needs. Such filters are not used in the heating system - such high cleaning is not required here, and the filter elements themselves will quickly become clogged and require replacement or flushing.
Now consider the most common types of mud filters that are installed in heating systems.
Brass mesh "oblique" filters
This is perhaps the most common category of mud filters used in local home heating systems. They have a clutch threaded connection in a fairly wide size range - from ½ to 2 inches, which is quite enough for installation on any autonomous heating pipeline.
The design of the filter is quite simple:
The device of a brass "oblique" mud filter
The cast brass body (pos. 1) is a monolithic pairing of two cylinders, straight and inclined (pos. 3). On both sides of the straight cylinder there are threaded sockets for mounting the filter (item 2). The “oblique” cylinder ends with a brass plug (pos. 4) with a turnkey hexagon. Between the plug and the body there is a sealing gasket, usually Teflon (pos. 5). In the most inclined part there is a filter element - a stainless steel mesh (pos. 6) with cells of a certain size.
The correct direction of flow of the filtered liquid must be indicated on the body with an arrow. The beveled part always faces forward in the direction of flow.
The tables below show the main operational and installation parameters of brass "oblique" filters:
Main performance characteristics brass "oblique" filters:
Product parameters | Pipeline diameter | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
G½ | G¾ | G1 | G 1¼ | G 1½ | G2 | |
Nominal pressure in the system, bar | 20 | 20 | 20 | 16 | 16 | 16 |
Crimping pressure, bar | 30 | 30 | 30 | 24 | 24 | 24 |
Grid cell size, µm | 500 | 500 | 500 | 800 | 800 | 1000 |
Distance between grid cell centers, mm | 1,1 | 1,1 | 1,1 | 1,4 | 1,4 | 1,6 |
Grid cell density per 1 cm², pcs | 156 | 156 | 156 | 83 | 83 | 59 |
Maximum allowable coolant temperature, °C | +150 | |||||
Degree of transparency (“transparency”) of the filter, % | 39 | 39 | 39 | 53 | 53 | 59 |
Total filtration surface area with a clean mesh, cm² | 17,9 | 32,6 | 44,8 | 55,7 | 77,1 | 111,0 |
Medium throughput devices with a clean filter element, m³/h | 3,15 | 5,0 | 9,9 | 15,5 | 24,0 | 28,5 |
Nominal coolant flow with a clean filter, m³/h | 1,41 | 2,24 | 4,43 | 6,93 | 10,7 | 12,7 |
Average filter life | up to 30 years |
Mounting characteristics of filters:
Nominal passage, Du, mm | Pipe thread diameter | Building dimensions | Empty weight, kg | |
---|---|---|---|---|
height H, mm | length L, mm | |||
15 | G½ | 40.5 | 51 | 0.132 |
20 | G¾ | 47.5 | 63.5 | 0.213 |
25 | G1 | 53 | 68 | 0.285 |
32 | G 1¼ | 65 | 91.5 | 0.573 |
40 | G 1½ | 73 | 102.5 | 0.750 |
50 | G2 | 88 | 126 | 1.160 |
Installation of such filters is not difficult for those who are familiar with the basics of plumbing techniques. Usually, a shut-off valve is installed in front of the filter - it allows you to shut off the coolant supply for preventive maintenance to clean the device from accumulated dirt. But the main thing that is important to consider is the correct orientation of the filter in space:
Correct installation | Wrong installation | ||
---|---|---|---|
Correct installation on a horizontal site. The beveled cylinder is located at the bottom. | Quite often, unfortunate “masters” mount the filter with the stopper up - apparently, for the reasons that it is easier to get to it during maintenance. However, this placement leads to a very rapid overgrowth of dirt in the passage to the filter chamber, reducing the throughput of the device. | ||
Correct vertical installation. The coolant flow is organized from top to bottom. | Such an arrangement in a vertical section with the coolant currents upwards does not allow the filtered sludge to concentrate in the cleaning chamber for preventive maintenance. The cleaning capabilities of the device are sharply reduced, and dirt can collect on the walls of pipes or on valves. |
The filter is usually mounted on the return pipe before circulation pump or boiler, if the pump is structurally part of the boiler. Thus, all possible contaminants collected along the heating circuit are removed from the coolant that has described the complete circulation cycle.
Regular cleaning of the "oblique" filter is not particularly difficult. You just need to close the coolant supply valves on both sides (if a check valve is installed behind the filter in the direction of the liquid flow, then it can only be closed from the inlet side). Then a container is supplied from below to collect the flowing liquid and accumulated sludge. The cork is unscrewed with a wrench, the mesh is removed.
Mesh "oblique" sump, densely clogged with sludge
The mesh should be cleaned with a polymer brush and then rinsed thoroughly. strong pressure water. The glass of the "oblique" cylinder itself is checked - there should also be no deposits left. Then reassembly is performed with the plug tightened. At the same time, you can evaluate the condition of the gasket, as over time it may need to be replaced.
Video: device and cleaning process of the "oblique" filter
Care must be taken when purchasing such a filter. All the advantages mentioned in the table are valid only for high-quality brass products (some may have an external shiny nickel-plated or oxidized coating). Unfortunately, there are a lot of cheap fakes made from silumin alloys on the market, and no one will undertake to guarantee the long-term operation of such a filter.
Cast iron "oblique" magnetic filters
Outwardly, such filters are very similar to the brass ones discussed above and, in general, pierce their device. The difference is in the material of manufacture: the body and cork are cast from cast iron. The filter element is the same cylindrical stainless steel mesh. The gasket between the cork and the body is usually paronite.
Cast iron "oblique" mud sump with magnetic block
However, the filtering block is supplemented with one more element. A rack is rigidly mounted along the axis of the plug, on which disk-shaped permanent magnets made of a corrosion-resistant material are located at a certain interval. Thus, filtration takes place in two directions - the mesh captures mechanical impurities, and the magnetic block - particles of metal and scale. The quality of cleaning the coolant only benefits from this.
The main characteristics of the produced cast-iron "oblique" magnetic filters:
Nominal passage, Du, mm | Pipe thread diameter | Construction height, mm | Construction length, mm | Turnkey hex size, S, mm | Metal mesh cell size, mm | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
H | H1 | L | L1 | ||||
25 | G1 | 80 | 140 | 120 | 200 | 32 | 1.2x1.2 |
32 | G 1¼ | 100 | 155 | 140 | 220 | 46 | 1.4x1.4 |
40 | G 1½ | 110 | 180 | 160 | 280 | 46 |
Please note that in the columns of the mounting dimensions, two values \u200b\u200bof the length and height are indicated. L and H are the usual installation values, and L1 and H1 - taking into account the obligatory leaving of the necessary space for the free removal of the plug with the stand and magnets during maintenance work.
Otherwise, the procedure for installing such filters in the system and the cleaning process do not differ from similar operations with "oblique" brass ones. At the same time, the rack with magnetic disks is also subjected to cleaning and washing.
Flanged magnetic mud filters
Such filters almost completely repeat the principle of operation of the cast-iron "oblique" ones - the difference is only in size. Flanged devices are usually installed on pipes from G 2 and above.
Instead of a threaded plug, there is also a flange-type plug. It often has a place for a drain hole, closed with a plug, allowing from time to time to drain the sludge and flush without resorting to removing the entire plug.
Characteristics of flanged magnetic filters
Nominal passage, Du, mm | Construction dimensions of products | Flange bolt hole diameter, d, mm | Number of bolt holes on the flange, n, pcs | Grid cell size, mm | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
height, mm | length, mm | ||||||
H | H1 | L | L1 | ||||
50 | 140 | 200 | 230 | 280 | 18 | 4 | 1.4x1.4 |
65 | 165 | 250 | 290 | 355 | 18 | 4 | |
80 | 195 | 275 | 310 | 385 | 18 | 8 | |
100 | 215 | 315 | 350 | 425 | 18 | 8 | |
150 | 320 | 490 | 480 | 645 | 22 | 8 | 2x2 |
200 | 415 | 630 | 650 | 890 | 22 | 12 |
When installing such filters, the installation length and height (L and H), and operational (L1 and H1) are also taken into account, taking into account the place for removing the plug and extracting the grid and magnetic block.
Subscriber filters sump-settlers
Among the most common filters installed on heating mains, in particular, in areas of their connection to intra-house networks, are the so-called subscriber filters. They can be produced in vertical or horizontal versions, but vertical is much more common. In such devices, the functions of a sump and mesh filtering of the liquid passed through them are combined.
Such mud filters are called "subscriber"
Such devices have a very high service life, are easy to maintain, and their solid internal volume reduces the frequency of regular preventive maintenance.
Structurally, they are a cylindrical body made of steel pipe(pos. 1). Branch pipes with a flange are welded into it on both sides - inlet (pos. 2) and outlet (pos. 3). The nominal diameter of the nozzles corresponds to the pipe into which the filter cuts.
The outlet pipe has a special design. It reaches approximately the central axis of the cylindrical body in length, and is muffled from the inside. On the section from the wall to the plug, holes with a diameter of 5 to 8 mm are drilled in its walls, so that their total area is not less than twice the cross-sectional area of the branch pipe. On top of these holes, a filter mesh (pos. 3) with cells of the appropriate size is laid.
A flange is welded along the lower edge of the body-pipe, to which a bottom-plug (item 5) is bolted. Typically, the plug provides the ability to install a drain cock (pos. 6) for regular cleaning of the cavity from accumulated dirt.
The filter cover is welded tightly, but it has a branch pipe or hole for mounting an air vent valve (item 7).
Characteristics of the line of vertical subscriber mud filters
Nominal passage, Du, mm | Mounting dimensions | Empty weight, kg | |
---|---|---|---|
height H, mm | length L, mm | ||
40 | 217 | 308 | 16.7 |
50 | 240 | 359 | 22.7 |
65 | 369 | 419 | 45 |
80 | 369 | 419 | 48.9 |
100 | 421 | 473 | 70 |
125 | 421 | 473 | 73 |
150 | 563 | 526 | 103.3 |
200 | 669 | 626 | 184 |
250 | 785 | 730 | 269 |
The coolant, passing through a similar filter, passes through two stages of purification. Large and medium particles precipitate under the action of gravitational and centrifugal forces, while smaller ones are already held on the grid.
Due to the simplicity and reliability of the design, the relatively low cost of production, and the large operational potential, such subscriber filters are widely used in house wiring of heating systems. In particular, they are an indispensable element of the elevator assembly.
What elevator unit heating systems?
The temperature and operating pressure of the coolant coming from the heating mains must be brought to certain values that correspond to the capabilities and needs of a particular in-house heating system. One of the simplest and most reliable solutions is the installation, the design and operation of which is described in a special publication of our portal.
Self-cleaning sump filter with additional air vent function
And in conclusion of the publication - an overview of another of the varieties of filters. These are modern self-flushing devices in a compact vertical case that do not take up much space and provide high-quality cleaning of the coolant from impurities.
Moreover, some models are equipped with an additional option - they allow you to separate (separate) dissolved gases and automatically remove them, preventing the well-known "scourge" of any heating system - its "airing", that is, the formation of air jams.
One of these filters is shown in the diagram:
Typically, the body of such a filter is a metal cylinder (pos. 1), with a coupling connection to the inlet (pos. 2) and outlet (pos. 3) pipes. A glass (pos. 6) is screwed to it from below for collecting sludge (pos. 7) - it can also be metal or plastic, including, on some models, transparent, which allows visual control of the filter condition. At the bottom, the glass ends with a tap (pos. 8) for cleaning and flushing the device.
Grids are installed inside the central part of the body. One of them, external, larger (pos. 4), acts as a separator for air and other gases dissolved in water. Bubbles accumulate and grow on it, which then, upon reaching a certain size, independently rise upwards under the influence of gravity.
The internal grid with small cells (pos. 5) is used to filter out solid particles from the coolant.
A unit for collecting separated air (pos. 9) with an automatic air removal system is screwed to the top of the housing. The design of the valve includes a float (pos. 10) connected by an actuator lever (pos. 11) to a needle valve (pos. 12). As air accumulates in the block, the float drops lower and lower, and reaching a certain level, opens the needle valve through the lever. The air escapes through the holes in the cover (pos. 13), the float rises again, and the valve closes.
The procedure for cleaning such filters from sludge has already been mentioned in the publication - just open the tap from below and wash the dirt with a stream of water. It is even better if it is possible to create a reverse flow of liquid for cleaning.
Some filters of this type are additionally equipped with magnetic inserts, which increases the cleaning efficiency. In addition, many models have built-in pressure gauges that show the fluid pressure at the inlet and outlet of the filter. A simple comparison of the readings of these devices can give a very clear picture of the degree of clogging of the filter elements with sludge (with a clean filter, the readings should be approximately equal), that is, signal the need for preventive maintenance.
When water is chosen as the coolant, all metal elements of the heating system gradually rust. Pipelines are the first to suffer. Corrosion also destroys metal structures, it is also dangerous because rust fragments exfoliate and clog the heating system. In addition, particles of sludge, dirt, sand, etc. clog the system. Therefore, special cleaning is required, and for this, mud collectors for heating systems are installed.
Purpose
These devices are designed to clean the coolant from medium and large suspended particles in heating systems and heat supply of ventilation equipment.
Design features
Mud pans for heating systems externally represent a pipeline expansion unit with water filtration with a special mesh and a change in its direction. Under the grid, cutting off, precipitation and subsequent accumulation of medium and large suspended particles are carried out.
Mud collectors must be mounted in such a way that free access for cleaning and inspection is provided. In most cases, they are installed at the control nodes of the transformer substation and the entrances to the building.
Varieties
Depending on the method of installation, type of fastening and design, this equipment can be presented in the following versions:
- With threaded connection.
- Subscriber.
- Horizontal.
- Vertical.
The design and arrangement of the filter require a removable pipe or bottom to remove filtered fragments, as well as a valve for draining air and coolant.
Specifications
Mud pans for heating systems | |||||||||
Conditional pass, Du | Weight | Nominal pressure | D.H. | DH1 | DH2 | H | H1 | h | L |
32 mm | 201.9 kg | 1.6 MPa | 159 mm | 32 mm | 32 mm | 1120 mm | 1168 mm | 700 mm | 850 mm |
40 mm | 16.3 kg | 1.6 MPa | 159 mm | 40 mm | 45 mm | 360 mm | 406 mm | 260 mm | 345 mm |
50 mm | 19.4 kg | 1.6 MPa | 159 mm | 57 mm | 57 mm | 410 mm | 456 mm | 290 mm | 365 mm |
65 mm | 29.4 kg | 1.6 MPa | 219 mm | 76 mm | 89 mm | 490 mm | 534 mm | 340 mm | 425 mm |
80 mm | 33.5 kg | 1.6 MPa | 219 mm | 89 mm | 108 mm | 525 mm | 569 mm | 375 mm | 425 mm |
100 mm | 62.2 kg | 1.6 MPa | 325 mm | 108 mm | 133 mm | 620 mm | 662 mm | 450 mm | 525 mm |
125 mm | 70.4 kg | 1.6 MPa | 325 mm | 133 mm | 159 mm | 690 mm | 732 mm | 470 mm | 525 mm |
150 mm | 118 kg | 1.6 MPa | 426 mm | 159 mm | 194 mm | 875 mm | 928 mm | 550 mm | 650 mm |
200 mm | 266.7 kg | 1.6 MPa | 530 mm | 219 mm | 273 mm | 1105 mm | 1163 mm | 700 mm | 850 mm |
250 mm | 266.7 kg | 1.6 MPa | 530 mm | 219 mm | 273 mm | 1105 mm | 1163 mm | 700 mm | 850 mm |
Conditions for normal operation
The condition for the normal functioning of the heating water filter is a gradual increase in it according to the indicators of the devices located before and after this equipment.
The passport
Another important point worth dwelling on is the passport, which should be included in the delivery set of the sump. This document reflects the following important information about the device:
- Marking and scope of supply.
- Information about the manufacturer.
- Compliance with GOST or TU.
- User manual.
- Dimensions and technical characteristics.
- Conventional designation, purpose and name.
Additional Benefits
Mudguard contributes to fuel economy. Using this water filter (photo below), you thereby protect the convective elements of the boilers - this, in turn, maintains their high efficiency and does not increase the amount of fuel. Accordingly, there is no excessive fuel consumption, which leads to impressive financial costs.
In addition, the mud filter makes it possible to change or pump water in the heating system much less frequently, which also contributes to savings, since it does not require the consumption of reagents and excess electrical energy. The volume of coolant that is discharged into the sewerage system also decreases.
The cost of these devices may vary, depending on their type and size. The most common is for water (photo below). On such equipment, a filter mesh is built into its body.
Principle of operation
The principle of operation of mud collectors of any type is carried out according to an extremely simple scheme:
The coolant enters the pipe, after which it is directed inside the housing. Dirt particles settle to the bottom.
Then the water from the internal cavity of the sump enters the filter installed in the outlet pipe.
After that, the purified coolant enters the pipelines of the heating system.
Cleansing of dirt particles occurs by removing the glass from the outlet pipe. The lower part of the body of the sump must be periodically cleaned of accumulated dirt. The sump filter is connected to pipelines both with threads and with flanges.
Magnetic type mud collectors are considered an excellent invention. Rust is attracted to the magnet, which in no way affects the intensity of the flow of water in the heating system. The particles caught by the magnet accumulate in specially designed places.
Due to the fact that sump pumps for heating systems do not change pressure, they can be used on the suction line of high-power pumping equipment. In this case, the magnet externally is a thin cylinder with a diameter of approximately 40 mm.
Some consumers doubt that the installation of a sump on the pipeline of the heating system is so important. For those who believe that the system will function perfectly without this device, it is worth saying that, of course, you can do without it. But at the same time, the operational life of the system will be significantly reduced due to pollution and other factors associated with this. It will also reduce the efficiency of the heating system.
The advantages of this product are undeniable, especially when the operation of the heating system requires frequent cleaning of boilers and pipelines. Also mud workers come to the rescue in winter period the time when heating appliances not yet warm enough.
So, the advantages of a sump for heating systems are obvious. Moreover, its cost is relatively low. So do not think too much about whether to install a filter for the heating system. Of course, it is much more profitable to purchase this product than to eliminate any breakdown or replace the pipelines of the system.
It is also worth considering the moment that, in addition to financial costs, interruptions in the operation of the heating system can bring a lot of worries.
With a mud collector, the system will function reliably, and most importantly, the likelihood of emergencies will decrease.
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The quality of the heat supply systems may deteriorate over time, for sure most people had to deal with this at one time. Many people now have to live in houses built at least twenty years ago.
It is in such buildings that this problem is most often encountered. Poor circulation of the coolant, the role of which is most often played by water, causes poor heating. The corrosion process degrades the quality of water, impurities in which are deposited on the inner walls of pipes and radiators, preventing the normal passage of heat.
Naturally, there is a way out of this situation - or, for more "neglected" cases, its chemical purification (read also: ""). The photo clearly shows the difference between pipes with a layer of deposits accumulated over the years of operation of the system without regular cleaning, and pipes cleaned by one of the above methods.
We will consider a detailed description of such a problem, the reasons for its occurrence and a description of how to solve it in this article. Following the instructions below, you can independently learn how to clean the heating pipes and establish a high-quality operation of the heating system in your house or apartment.
Why you need to clean your heating system
By cleaning the heating system, you will make it work more efficiently, and heating your own house will be much better. The problem of pollution of heating equipment lies mainly in inadequate water quality.
Scale, gathering on the inner walls of pipes, radiators and other components of the heating system, is the cause of:
- Acceleration of mechanical wear of pipelines and batteries
- Reduced heating efficiency.
According to experts, scale only one millimeter thick reduces heat transfer by fifteen percent. This significantly reduces the quality of the system and its efficiency. The throughput and heat dissipation of the system deteriorate. This result is explained by a decrease in thermal resistance, the decrease of which is caused by deposits.
Cleaning the heating system - work technology
The complex of works related to the cleaning of the heating system consists of the following stages:- Primary diagnosis. As a result, the nature of the formed scale and the composition of the deposits are determined.
- Selection of necessary.
- Drawing up a technological map.
- Anti-corrosion treatment is necessary to prevent further formation of various kinds of deposits and scale. Its execution follows the cleanup.
- Hydrodynamic
- Pneumohydropulse
- Chemical
Chemical cleaning of the heating system
According to experts, the latter type of cleaning is so popular and in demand precisely because, in comparison with other methods, it removes almost any deposits most quickly and efficiently.
As a rule, aqueous solutions of organic and mineral acids, solvents, and alkalis are used as cleaning agents. When using this kind of cleaning agent for heating systems, you must be extremely careful and attentive, use eye and skin protection equipment in your work, since each of the solutions listed above is toxic.
For systems equipped aluminum radiators, these are not suitable, because they can violate the tightness of the nodes.
To carry out the work requires special equipment:
- Pumps
- Hoses
- Capacities
- Powder and liquid cleaners
Hydrodynamic cleaning of the heating system
Or - flushing the batteries. The desired result is achieved here with the help of high pressure water that breaks down deposits and removes them from the system (more: ""). Special adapters and nozzles are used to connect the pipeline to external equipment that directs water into the system for cleaning.The disadvantage of this method can be considered higher, in comparison with the previous one, the cost of work, which is offset by the safety of work and high quality cleaning. For heating systems with cast iron batteries this method is the best, since cast iron radiators are more prone to contamination with deposits, it is quite difficult to rinse with chemical solutions.
Pneumohydropulse cleaning of the heating system
Is in the best possible way if necessary, clean the system without stopping its operation. A compact water pneumatic gun is able to clean a pipeline with a cross section of up to fifteen centimeters. Additionally, you will need a connecting hose, "American" and adapters.There are two most common cleaning methods:
- Flushing of boilers with chemicals preheated to a certain temperature. The solution is fed into the system with the help of a pump and, reacting with scale and destroying it, goes further along with the deposits to the outside (read also: "").
- Mechanical cleaning of boilers is carried out using brushes, scrapers and special mechanical devices. Before cleaning the gas boiler in a similar way from soot, it is necessary to fill the system with water, which should be brought to a boil, drained and then walked with a metal brush over the contaminated surface.
Cleaning the heating system of a private house will allow its owners to extend the period of its effective uninterrupted operation, reduce the cost of heating the mansion and eliminate damage to heating equipment.