Foundation for a garden gazebo. Do-it-yourself foundation for a gazebo: we make the foundation for a gazebo correctly
A monolithic foundation for a gazebo will be the best option. Here, the costs will not be high and the speed of production at altitude. After all, you won’t make the foundation for a gazebo from blocks, it’s quite expensive. A simple foundation is not difficult to do and quickly.
You can also make a foundation of pipes for a gazebo, if you have unnecessary trimmings. This will be reinforcement. Such a foundation for a brick gazebo is exactly right, because the weight of the structure is then quite large. The video in this article will help you understand the installation process in detail.
It is not so difficult to pick up a simple foundation for a gazebo, you just need to take into account all the details of the design. Let's deal with this issue in more detail.
What is strip foundation
In individual construction, strip foundations are used most often. They are made of reinforced concrete or concrete.
So:
- Such foundations absolutely accurately reproduce the shape of the bearing walls of the building and have the same thickness around the entire perimeter.
- These foundations are erected for buildings that have heavy brick, expanded clay concrete, concrete, cinder block and stone walls. They are erected under the load-bearing walls of the building. This requires some excavation work, and also leads to additional consumption of building materials (when compared, for example, with a columnar foundation).
- Despite this, strip foundation it will be the best option if there is a warm underground or basement, basement, garage under the house.
- Strip foundations are divided into prefabricated and monolithic. When erecting the latter with the help of an excavator or manually, a trench is dug, having the necessary width for arranging the foundation.
Attention: In most cases, the width is from 40 to 80 centimeters. The trench on each side should be approximately 10 cm wider than the foundation itself. This is necessary to place the formwork in which the concrete mix will be placed in the trench.
- The main advantage of tape monolithic foundations is the following: they can withstand heavy loads and be used for the construction of buildings of any shape.
- With the work of builders and all materials, the cost of 1 linear meter of this type of foundation will be about $ 315.
- Strip prefabricated foundations are connected reinforced concrete or concrete blocks. They are laid on the mortar and pulled together with strong steel wire. This type of foundation is built very quickly and is extremely durable. Lifetime precast foundation- about 150 years old. At the moment, its cost is quite high (1 linear meter of this foundation is 1 block wide with the work of builders and all necessary materials valued at $200).
- Strip precast foundations are usually used to create buildings that have the simplest forms, since blocks of a standard size will have to be cut off for more complex architectural projects.
- It is rational to use such a foundation in the construction of buildings such as a gazebo. Here, the price of the structure will be quite low and everything can be done by hand.
Attention: Such a foundation for a gazebo made of timber is perfect. But if you make a foundation for a gazebo with a barbecue, then it will be necessary to reinforce it.
Now you have an idea of how to make a strip foundation for a gazebo, let's now look at other types.
Pillar foundations
A gazebo on a high foundation will be required if it is in a lowland and must be understood above the soil level. Then water during precipitation will not fall. The main structural elements of this type of foundation are, as the name suggests, pillars.
The financial and labor costs associated with the installation of a columnar foundation are one and a half, and sometimes two times less than when using a strip foundation.
Attention: Column Foundation is the best choice for the construction of arbors, which have light cobbled, frame, chopped walls.
So:
- The construction of this type of foundation requires the installation of pillars under the intersection of the outer walls with the inner ones and among themselves, under all the outer corners of the construction of the pillars.
- The pillars are installed with a specific step size (from 1.2 to 2.5 m - depending on the possible load directly on the foundation) around the entire perimeter of the building.
- Strapping beams are laid on top. If the distance between the stand-alone columnar foundations exceeds 2.5-3 meters, then massive rand beams made of metal or reinforced concrete should be laid on top.
- The material from which the pillars are made determines their minimum cross section. For example, the cross section of pillars made of rubble concrete, concrete, as well as buta flagstone, is 40 cm, brick pillars installed above ground level - 38 cm (25 cm when dressed with a fence), natural stone - 60 cm.
brick foundations
Such a foundation is erected using masonry from ordinary normally fired solid bricks. In this case, a cement-lime or cement mortar is used.
So:
- The thickness of such a foundation is a multiple of the size of one brick - 38, 51 or 64 cm. Making a brick foundation is impractical when performing construction work under normal conditions.
- The operational life of a brick is quite small - about 40 years. This material is also not very resistant to aggressive wet environments.
- Based on this, we can say that a brick foundation is the most suitable solution for building a building in an area where groundwater occurs at a depth of more than 1 meter.
Attention: To reduce the costs associated with the arrangement of this type of foundation, you can use not a new brick, but a used one.
Slab foundations
This type of foundation is quite widely used in modern construction. A slab foundation is a lattice or solid slab, which is made of special cross-precast reinforced concrete beams with a capital seal in the butt joints, or monolithic reinforced concrete.
Attention: Usually the area of such a foundation is equal to the area of \u200b\u200bthe entire building. It is best used when building on highly and unevenly compressible, subsidence and heaving soils. For this reason, quite often the slab foundation is called "floating".
The use of a foundation of this type is entirely justified when building on sandy-clay soils, where groundwater occurs at a depth of less than 1 meter from the surface, and when building multi-storey buildings on sandy-clay soil. These foundations withstand both vertical and horizontal ground movements.
The undeniable advantages of slab foundations are:
- Possibility of construction in heavy subsidence, mobile and heaving soils.
- Ease of erection.
The disadvantages of these foundations include:
- Pretty solid waste that is associated with big expense for concrete and metal reinforcement (construction 1 square meter slab foundation, taking into account all necessary work cost about $145). But if you have a large gazebo with a barbecue, then it will undoubtedly justify itself.
Pile foundations
Such foundations consist of piles covered from above with a concrete / reinforced concrete slab or a beam (grillage). The arrangement of these foundations is quite laborious, therefore, it is used very rarely in individual housing construction. It can only be done if you have a fairly capacious gazebo and is attached to the house.
Attention: Pile foundations are suitable for the construction of buildings on soft ground, when a significant load must be transferred. Such foundations can transfer the load from the building to deeper soils with higher strength.
Currently, piles are made from various materials: steel, reinforced concrete, wood and concrete. They can also be combined. Piles are driven (they are lowered into the soil in a completely finished form) and stuffed (made directly in channels drilled in the ground).
Based on the type of behavior of piles in the ground, the following types are distinguished:
- Hanging piles. They are used in the case of solid ground at a considerable depth.
- Piles-racks. They are used when they have solid ground directly under them, to which they transfer pressure from the building.
The most economical are wooden piles, however, they quickly rot when they are installed in wet ground. The service life of wooden piles does not exceed 10 years. Reinforced concrete piles are much more durable.
Their service life reaches 150 years. They are intended for the construction of multi-storey structures and buildings.
Pile foundations have the following advantages:
- They are more economical compared to other types of foundations due to reduced material consumption.
- Have less shrinkage.
- There is a possibility of their application on soils characterized by low bearing capacity.
Attention: The main disadvantage of this foundation is the need to use special equipment during its construction.
Depth calculation for laying the foundation
When building a foundation, it is imperative to correctly calculate the depth for its laying:
- It primarily depends on the features of the relief. The nature and magnitude of possible loads should also be taken into account. Therefore, the foundations are divided into recessed (profile) and slightly or shallowly recessed.
- The last foundations made of concrete are built at a depth of about half a meter. Profiles are located below the soil freezing mark. This mark is determined by experts. Shallow foundations are ideal for the construction of panel and frame light houses and other outbuildings.
- For the construction of heavy gazebos made of brick-lined wood or brick, profile foundations are used. This leads to the fact that the cost of such a foundation can be equal to the cost of building the entire building.
What foundation to make under the gazebo, you decide without a doubt. Look at the photo. Instructions for the manufacture of any of them are on the pages of our website. If you have a heavy structure and also a stationary barbecue, then without a doubt you will need to make the foundation quite powerful. The most important thing is to do it well.
Manufacturing
Columnar foundation made of wood or metal
Let's consider in more detail how to make the foundation for a columnar gazebo. The base of the columnar type becomes in the best possible way for gazebos made of metal and wood.
Attention: In such a situation, it is necessary to build only vertical bearing supports, and instead of the grillage, we use either the first crown of the wooden structure or the last beam of the metal structure.
So:
- On the site, we mark the contours of the future structure, using a square, a rope and metal milestones for such purposes. The first milestone marks one corner of the gazebo.
- Then the next corner is marked with the second milestone and a measured piece of rope, which is equal to the length of the foundation.
- The third and fourth milestones are marked with a square and a measured cut of the rope, in this case equal to the width of the foundation.
- Then, as the markings were made, it is necessary to remove the primary soil layer of about 20 - 30 centimeters. This layer contains a large amount of organic matter and this can affect the "health" of the basement of the gazebo in a very bad way.
Attention: When marking, it is imperative to measure the diagonals; a simple nylon thread is suitable for this. Just be sure to take measurements. When not correct execution this will affect the subsequent configuration of the entire structure.
- After the site has been cleared, it is necessary to begin the arrangement of columnar supports. First, you need to first remove the milestones. In the corners of the foundation section, 4 pits are dug, the size of which is 42x42 cm and the depth is from 60 to 90 cm.
- If necessary, the same pits are constructed between the extreme supports, in increments of 2 meters.
- Then, 20 cm of sand are poured into the pits - a softening pillow, on the surface of which a rectangular piece of roofing material (60x60 centimeters) is placed.
- Then, according to the size of the roofing material, a 15-centimeter concrete slab is poured, this will become the sole of the future pillar. To do this, mix the cement mortar with the stone. To do this, you can use any rubble that is on the site.
- The next stage begins after about three to four days, after the concrete has partially hardened. It is given to the laying of a vertical support - a pillar, which is constructed from concrete blocks or bricks.
- At the same time, the method of constructing the support looks appropriate: a layer of setting mortar is placed on the sole, namely, a part of cement + four parts of sand, on the surface of which two bricks are placed, placing them parallel to each other.
- Then, another layer of mortar is placed on these bricks and two more bricks oriented in the transverse direction relative to the bottom layer.
- Such an operation lasts entirely until the foundation pillar is at the required height.
- After the last pillar is built, the first crowns or beams of the gazebo are mounted on top of the supports. After all that has been done, walls, roofing and flooring are erected.
Pile foundation for wooden and metal arbors
Pile gazebos may be built on unstable soil with a significant depth of soil freezing. Thus, based on this type the best option there will be placement of either wooden or metal gazebos.
So:
- Since the beam device of the first and second types of small architectural forms allows not to use the construction of some grillage.
- The design of pile foundations for small architectural forms involves the use of inexpensive bored or screw supports.
- At the same time, in the first situation, the support is made from a steel, casing pipe, and in the second, from an asbestos-cement, sewer pipe.
Installation of the pile foundation is carried out in the following way:
- When the first stage begins, the same marking and cleaning of the required area from the fertile soil is done.
- At the next stage, holes are drilled in the corners for asbestos-cement supports marked with milestones.
- In the third stage, a layer of crushed stone is poured into the prepared wells, it is rammed and 15-20 cm of concrete is poured.
- Then an asbestos pipe is inserted into the hole. Screw piles do not need such procedures - they are introduced into the ground to the required depth.
- At the next stage, 4-5 rods are inserted into the empty body of the pipe and filled with concrete.
Attention: At the same time, such a stage becomes mandatory, since, when cultivating the foundation for a gazebo from pipes, you need to know that the ends of these elements must be carefully concreted. Otherwise, moisture will get into the inner cavity of the pipe and destroy the support during the first big frosts.
- After the reinforcement and pouring of the supports have been carried out, the first beam is laid on top of the structure, strengthening the horizontal and vertical beams with clamps.
Slab foundation for a wooden, stone or metal gazebo
We will analyze in more detail how to make a foundation for a slab gazebo. The slab base is made with significant material and physical costs.
Therefore, the price of such a design will not be small. But the result of such work reaches the wildest expectations - this foundation will withstand not only a frame, light gazebo, but also a painful, brick structure.
The foundation slab for the gazebo is done as follows:
- In the beginning, standard work is done - marking the site and clearing the fertile soil. Then, within the boundaries of the base, they dig a pit, plunging into the ground by 50 - 60 cm.
- After the construction of the pit, in the inner part of the excavation, a formwork is made covering the entire territory of the future foundation.
- As follows, a 25 cm layer of sand and the same layer of fine gravel are laid at the bottom of the pit - this is called a "cushion", which will protect the foundation from soil deformation.
- A layer of roofing material is laid on top of the pillow, its ends are fixed on the inner walls of the formwork.
- On top of the roofing material, it is possible to pour a 6 cm layer of rubble - it will protect the waterproofing from contact with the reinforcement.
- Then a reinforcing frame is built, consisting of 10 mm rods connected in the form of a lattice with 25 cm cells.
- Now how to fill the foundation under the gazebo. Concrete or cement-sand mortar is poured into the formwork, performing a 35-centimeter pour rising above zero level soil.
Attention: for concrete to be more durable, it should be covered with a damp cloth. It must dry dry. Thus, it will turn out to be the most durable.
When constructing a garden gazebo, it is necessary not only to choose the right place for construction, but also to determine the type of foundation. It is on this that the stability of the future structure, its durability will depend. The foundation for the gazebo can be made from various materials. This is ordinary concrete, brick, concrete and stone blocks. Asbestos-cement and metal pipes, which are quite easy to install with your own hands.
The time during which the gazebo will serve depends on the quality of the foundation.
Column foundation device
The columnar foundation is used in most cases, since it is simple in construction, its cost is relatively low. Perhaps its devices are even on quicksand, for other types of complex soils. Such a base can be made from various materials, most often it is made of brick, asbestos-cement, metal pipes.
You can make the foundation of gazebos in several ways:
- asbestos-cement pipes, which, after installation, are poured with a concrete mixture. This type of foundation is suitable for a wooden, frame structure;
- metal pipes. After installation, they can not be poured with concrete, as they are strong in themselves. Work is needed to protect them from corrosion;
- wooden poles. Used when building a foundation for a wooden gazebo open type in country style, for building from a log house. It is permissible to use it on quicksand;
- concrete blocks are applicable for the construction of a brick gazebo. They are very durable and reliable, they can be used for closed capital arbors;
- brick support pillars are used in the construction of arbors of any type.
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Rules for the construction of a columnar foundation
During construction, it must comply with certain rules:
The columnar foundation is the most common option for constructing a gazebo. This is a budget, but at the same time, a solid type of foundation.
- support poles should be placed at each corner of the outer walls, at the junction of the inner walls;
- pillars around the perimeter are placed in increments of 1.2 m to 1.5 m. For a residential building, you can set in increments of up to 2 meters, but for a gazebo this distance is less;
- with heavy loads it is possible between the pillars for the gazebo. This will make the foundation of the gazebos more durable and reliable;
- if work is being done on the construction of the foundation on clay soil, then the support pillars should only go along the perimeter. If you put them inside, then the foundation for the gazebo can be very warped when the soil freezes;
- so that when the soil is heaving, the pillars are not pushed out, it is necessary to arrange a layer of waterproofing around them, that is, wrap them with materials such as roofing felt, PVC film. Other materials can also be used for brick pillars, which will ensure that the soil slides off their surface.
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Stages of construction of a columnar foundation
The columnar foundation of arbors is considered the simplest; it is relatively easy to make it. It is used when a tree is taken for the construction of a gazebo, its very form will be open, that is, a large load on the ground is not planned. You can put such a foundation on a quicksand, but it requires preliminary calculations, it is recommended to consult a specialist.
The scheme of the foundation on the supporting pillars is as follows:
The most common material for a columnar foundation is pipes (metal or asbestos-cement).
- sand and gravel cushion device;
- a layer of plain sand;
- reinforcement cage;
- pouring concrete mixture;
- asbestos-cement pipe poured with concrete (you can use a metal pipe).
The columnar base for the gazebo is performed in this way:
- first you need to mark the site, determine where the support pillars will be installed;
- then it is necessary to make wells to the required depth (depending on the height of the groundwater, the degree of heaving);
- a layer of sand is poured at the bottom of each well, wetted and compacted, after which a mixture of sand and gravel is poured;
- the first layer should have a thickness of 10-15 cm, the second - up to 10 cm. To accurately determine the thickness, you can use a wooden stick with markings applied to its surface;
- further actions depend on what will be the foundation of the arbors. For example, asbestos pipes are installed in wells, after which they are poured. Each pipe is raised slightly so that the concrete forms a pillow, after which the solution is poured to the end. If the foundation for the gazebos is made of brick, then you must first pour a layer of concrete, and then perform brickwork to the required height;
- after the supporting pillars are ready, it is necessary to perform the strapping, arrange a waterproofing layer of roofing material, aquaizol or hydroisol.
To work on the construction of a columnar base, you will need the following materials and tools:
- garden drill for digging wells;
- wooden pegs and rope for marking;
- sand and gravel;
- concrete mortar;
- container for kneading;
- Bulgarian;
- pipes, bricks or blocks - depending on which option was chosen for the construction of the supporting base;
- waterproofing material;
- metal channel or wooden beams for tying the future foundation and preparing the foundation for the construction of the gazebo.
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Production of a slab base
The slab foundation of arbors is great for the construction of capital closed arbors. To arrange it, it is necessary to dig a pit in the form of a future structure, for which you may need to rent an excavator.
The depth of the pit depends on how high the groundwater is.
A monolithic foundation is used if it is planned to build a closed stationary gazebo.
If they are relatively close to the ground surface, then it is necessary to carry out work on the construction of a drainage layer. At the bottom, laying a layer of broken bricks, crushed stone, a stove, which is compacted, is required. Next, a waterproofing layer is made and you can start laying a reinforced concrete slab or pouring.
If the foundation of the gazebos will be poured, then you should first lay the reinforcing mesh, which consists of metal rods with a cross section of cm and with a ribbed surface. you need a step of 20 cm, after that you can fill. Concrete is best used with special plasticizers, after pouring it must be left to dry, protected with a film.
Finishing materials for such a foundation are decorative tiles, wooden planks.
Materials and tools:
- trench digging tool;
- pegs and rope for marking the future foundation;
- sand, gravel, broken brick;
- reinforcing bars;
- concrete mortar;
- waterproofing material;
- facing material.
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Strip base structures
The strip foundation for arbors is different in that it is great for almost any building. It can be set for wooden, brick, frame arbors. Such a base is strong, allows you to distribute the load. When installing a brazier inside the gazebo, it is possible to build a separate concrete pad for the stove. For the manufacture of a strip foundation, you can use a concrete mixture, blocks or bricks. The structure itself is a tape, which is equipped around the perimeter.
The foundation building process includes:
A strip foundation is a universal type of foundation, it is durable and allows you to correctly distribute the load.
- first you need to choose a place, then mark the site;
- then a trench is dug along the perimeter of the future building, a layer of sand is poured onto the bottom, which must be compacted;
- further work depends on what material will be used for the tape. When pouring a concrete mixture, it is necessary to install a wooden or panel formwork, the height of which above the soil can be about 40 cm. If the foundation requires the use of blocks or bricks, then formwork is not needed, you only need to prepare a masonry mortar. Rows of material need to be reinforced with steel reinforcement;
- after the tape is ready, its upper part must be waterproofed. Roofing material, which is laid in several layers, is great for this.
The gazebo is not a complex structure, with minimal skills in construction, you can make it with my own hands. The first stage in the installation is the base - we will dwell on it in the framework of the article. You will learn how to make the foundation for the gazebo with your own hands.
Do I need to make a foundation for the gazebo?
Among novice builders, the question is common: is it necessary to fill the foundation for the gazebo? After all, the design is light in weight and will do without such a foundation. Can it be enough to clear the site, and then put the necessary supports or immediately lay the walls?
Not so simple. A tree, for example, does not like contact with a damp and damp surface, from which it begins to deteriorate. The foundation will act as an intermediate element. By making a concrete platform for the gazebo, you will eliminate the possibility of flooding: the structure will turn out to be more stable and durable.
How to make a foundation for a gazebo correctly consider below.
What foundation to choose for the gazebo
Before starting work at the design stage, decide which foundation to choose for the gazebo. Consider these factors:
- characteristic features of the soil and its type;
- ground water level;
- design indicators of the load on the base;
- bookmark depth.
Let's introduce conventions for foundation types:
- Tape = L
- Columnar = C
- Monolithic = M
- Block = B
soil type | Suitable Foundation | ||
---|---|---|---|
Groundwater up to 2 m | Groundwater over 2 m | ||
Coarse-clastic, rocky and semi-rocky soil from the surface to a depth of 2-3m | up to 40 kg/m2 | FROM | L |
over 40 kg/m2 | L | L | |
Sandy soils (dense and medium density) with a thickness of 5-6 m | up to 40 kg/m2 | FROM | FROM |
up to 120 kg/m2 | L | L | |
over 120 kg/m2 | L | L | |
Clay soil (plasticity up to 0.5) with layers of dusty and fine sand up to 5 m thick to a depth of 5-6 m | up to 30 kg/m2 | FROM | FROM |
up to 120 kg/m2 | L | L | |
over 120 kg/m2 | B, P | L | |
Clay soil with a plasticity of more than 0.6 with sands (silty, fine), loose to a depth of 5-6m | up to 100 kg/m2 | L | L |
over 100 kg/m2 | B, P | L | |
Clay soil with a plasticity of more than 0.75 to a depth of 2-4m | up to 80 kg/m2 | L | L |
over 80 kg/m2 | B, P | L |
The foundation for the gazebo of tires
If you have a small budget, but you want to make a foundation with your own hands for a gazebo and save as much as possible, we recommend a great option - to make it from car tires. Tires are suitable for the construction of both columnar and strip bases.
Among the main benefits the foundation of the tires for the gazebo:
- low cost;
- durability;
- uniform load distribution in the structure;
- good waterproofing;
- lack of special skills for construction.
Tire strip foundation
When building a strip base, adhere to the following principle.
Make a markup of your site for a future gazebo. Using pegs, mark the boundaries;
Dig deepenings 40-50 cm high along the perimeter of the building;
Lay the tires in one layer around the perimeter. After on top of the first layer, make a second;
If you are making a foundation for a do-it-yourself tire gazebo on a slope, your structure should still be level. Add more than two levels of tires on one side for alignment
We fill the void between the layers with sand or gravel. We fall asleep a layer of rubble over the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe site for leveling;
Pillar foundation made of tires
If you want to make a columnar foundation for a gazebo with your own hands from tires, then it will differ from the first one in some steps:
After marking, a recess is not dug, but tires are immediately placed along the edges of the structure. Sand, earth or gravel are poured inside and around.
Tires are waterproofed on the sides.
We fix the cross beams. To do this, cut special holes for fastening in all beams. After the beams have become in the grooves, they are fixed with self-tapping screws for greater strength.
Arbor on screw piles
If your site has a high moisture content or swampy soil, screw piles will work best. It is based on screwing screw piles of a certain diameter into the ground. Construction requires good physical strength and a minimum of technical skills, so you can make a gazebo on stilts with your own hands.
Piles with a diameter of 89 or 108 mm are suitable for the gazebo.
The place is prepared and then marked.
The first pile is screwed at the end of one side. When screwing in, the soil is not loosened, but compacted.
The required distance is measured and the second pile is screwed. The distance is measured from the third to the other two and diagonally. The remaining longitudinal and transverse piles are screwed;
We check that all piles are completely twisted. We cut at one horizontal level so that there is a distance of 40-55 cm between the end and the surface (optional).
We concrete piles. To do this, pour concrete mortar to the brim inside it and around the perimeter. This will give greater structural strength;
We weld a cap to the upper ends of the piles, in this case 15x15;
We make wooden or metal strapping. Three ways of metal strapping in the photo below.
Advantages:
- the foundation of the gazebo on screw piles optimally distributes the load of the structure;
- a pile foundation is also being built in a swampy area;
- differs in durability and durability;
- the possibility of dismantling and installation in a new place;
- minimum time is required to proceed from the plan-project to construction.
Pillar foundation for a gazebo
The columnar foundation is suitable for a gazebo of small or medium sizes. To make a foundation for a gazebo with your own hands, follow the instructions below.
We clear the place. We mark the site according to your plan and dig holes for 60 cm posts (shallow columnar). At the bottom we lay a sand and gravel pillow, height 10 cm.
We make a form for a concrete column. We take a sheet of roofing material, fold it in a circle and fix it with wire. We put it in a hole
Inside the form we place a reinforcing cage with a pipe section of 12mm, we lay it as in this photo of the project.
We install the formwork and fill the pillars with concrete mix.
After the concrete has hardened, we remove the roofing material and formwork
pros:
- high speed of erection;
- cheaper than tape and monolithic bases;
- the possibility of building on frozen soils;
- ease of erection ;
- service life - 80-100 years.
Columnar bases have a big drawback - they cannot be used on moving ground. With the right approach and systematic work, there will be no questions about how to make and fill the columns of such a foundation.
Foundation for a gazebo made of concrete blocks
The foundation for a gazebo with your own hands from blocks is a good help for those who have old concrete blocks lying around on the site. To build, follow the following sequence:
Prepare the site and mark it. Mark with steel bars and rope the borders and lines of the gazebo.
Dig small holes for gravel, where concrete blocks will be installed under the gazebo.
We fill the previously dug holes with gravel and tamp.
We install concrete blocks on the eye under one level. Blocks are inexpensive, so they are suitable for a budget version of the foundation. The main thing is not to put more than three pieces on top of each other - the design will turn out to be unstable.
Use a level attached to a wooden block: trim the height of the blocks by removing or adding rubble.
When the base is ready and the level is leveled, proceed to further work on the construction of the gazebo.
Advantages:
- durability and water resistance;
- long preliminary preparation and concreting is not required;
Flaws:
- the site should be as flat as possible;
- use is limited to hard ground.
Strip foundation for a gazebo
The tape type foundation is a strip of reinforced concrete that is poured around the entire perimeter of the structure. Used for heavy structures. As for the gazebo, this type of base will withstand any type of frame. You can not be afraid to build additional buildings inside, such as a barbecue, or put heavy furniture and cabinets.
To build, study the following steps.
Marking the site with a thread and pegs. Usually country arbors do not make more than 6x6 meters. But everything must be done according to your project.
We dig a trench 40 cm deep. Width from 25 to 35 cm.
We make formwork and lay it with F12 reinforcement. Elevation above the ground up to 30 cm.
We pour concrete M250 and wait for drying - about 4-5 weeks.
Advantages:
- high bearing capacity;
- the possibility of pouring on dry sands;
- suitable for the construction of gazebos made of brick, timber and stone.
Flaws:
- one of the most labor-intensive types of foundation.
Foundation made of plastic pipes
If you have decided that only a columnar foundation is suitable for your building, but the budget is less than expected, we recommend using a more simplified option and making plastic pipe poles:
Preparation and marking of the site for the foundation.
We dig holes for each of the pillars by 60 cm and install plastic pipes with a diameter of 110 mm, not forgetting to first make a gravel-sand cushion at the bottom of the hole.
We install a vertical frame of reinforcement.
Slab foundation for a gazebo
The slab for the gazebo is installed on unstable soil and is designed for structures made of wood and brick. If you want to build this type of foundation for a gazebo with your own hands, read the instructions:
Clear the area and mark it out with stakes and string.
Dig a pit 30 cm deep;
Lay a layer of sand 10 centimeters thick and crushed stone 10 cm. Next, we make the formwork;
We remove the formwork in a week.
As a result, the foundation should protrude 10-15 cm above the soil level
Choosing a foundation depending on the type of gazebo
It is important to understand which types of structures are recommended for which bases. Next, we will dwell on this issue in more detail.
Foundation for a gazebo made of bricks
The foundation for brick gazebos in the country must be solid, it must withstand serious loads. To build such buildings, use strip or slab foundation.
As for the depth of the foundation, 30 cm is considered the best option.
Pillars for gazebos made of wood
If you decide to build a wooden gazebo on your site, take the base column type, or from concrete blocks. For it, bearing supports of a vertical arrangement are used. Rostverkom is the first row of the gazebo.
With a wooden gazebo design, some nuances are taken into account. Initially, on a concrete slab, it is necessary to lay bricks directly parallel to each other on a special mortar. The next step is the laying of bricks in a checkerboard pattern, on a cement mortar. All this is repeated until the required height is obtained.
For gazebos made of polycarbonate and corrugated pipes
Suitable for a polycarbonate gazebo with a profiled pipe frame columnar foundation. Holes are dug 70 cm deep according to the number of supports, and then reinforcement 12-16 mm is inserted into them. The next step is laying roofing material and cushions of crushed stone and sand on the bottom. After we fill it with concrete and install a mortgage of 10 mm steel on top. We fix the mortgage with M12x150 anchors. We weld the support to the mortgage and cook 4 scarves in the corners for stability.
Conclusion
In conclusion conclusions:
- For massive structures from brick and rooms that contain a barbecue and a lot of furniture, suitable monolithic or tape base;
- For lightweight structures where there are several chairs/sofa and a table will do pile foundation, columnar and from tires.
We hope that our advice on choosing the optimal foundation was useful to you. Good luck building and have fun!
Small architectural form - so in the language of architects it is customary to call gazebos and other small structures. Small or not, she needs a solid foundation just like a big house. Let's figure out how to build a foundation for a gazebo and what is needed for this.
Minimum costs - looking for economical ways
Is it possible to build a gazebo without a foundation at all? Who said no?! If there is inactive soil on the territory of your house, the bars of the lower harness can be separated from the wet soil with a gravel pad. If the groundwater is low, a pit is dug under the pillow with a depth of 20–25 cm, but if the water is close to the surface, gravel is poured directly on top of the soil, thereby raising the structure. In any case, be sure to thoroughly impregnate the strapping beams with drying oil and also with antiseptic substances, and regularly, at least once every few years, re-impregnate with your own hands.
Columnar foundation for a gazebo - for light structures
The columnar type of base is ideal for a light structure made of wood or metal. The columns are built at least at the corners of the gazebo, but it is best to install one more column between the corner ones. Pillars can be built with your own hands from bricks, or formwork can be erected and poured with concrete. Formwork, in turn, is divided into removable and non-removable.
How to make a columnar foundation for a gazebo - step by step diagram
Step 1: Marking and site preparation
In all cases, the process begins with marking the site for the future building. Having carried out this procedure, it is necessary to remove a decent layer of soil - up to 40 cm. This layer contains a lot of organic matter, insects and weed seeds, which in the future will germinate in the most unexpected places. It is better to get rid of all this in advance.
Step 2: Arrangement of pits
In places where the corners of the gazebo will be, four recesses up to 80 cm deep and 40 cm by 40 cm in size should be dug. Such dimensions will allow laying bricks or pouring concrete. Do not forget to equip the pits between the extreme supports, so that there is a distance of about 1.5 meters between the posts.
For brick columns-supports, you should pour a sand and gravel pillow into the pit with your own hands. 15 centimeters of such a pillow will be enough. Tamp it down and put one layer of roofing material on top so that it completely covers the materials, and its edges are bent up. Pour several buckets of concrete mortar directly onto the roofing material to form a solid sole with a thickness of at least 10 cm. This procedure is especially important for moving soils. It takes 3-4 days for the concrete to fully harden.
Step 3: Laying bricks
Then you can start laying bricks. Prepare a standard cement-sand mortar 1:4 and apply a layer on the concrete base. Then lay two bricks, placing them parallel to each other. Between the bricks in the center, you can put a bar of reinforcement, which should peek out 10-15 cm from the top of the finished post. This rod will allow you to easily fix the bars or bricks of the walls in the future. The base pillars should be raised above the ground by 30-40 cm, depending on how high you want to raise the gazebo. You can start installing the first beams within 1-2 days after laying the bricks.
But what if there is simply no time for the concrete to harden, and then for the bonding solution? Highly fast way make a columnar foundation, on top of which you can almost immediately build a gazebo structure - instead of bricks, use asbestos pipes with a diameter of 15–20 cm. You can not dig holes for them, but do it yourself with a drill, only the diameter of the hole should be 5–10 cm larger . The space between the walls of the pit and the walls of the pipe is covered with sand and fine gravel. A concrete solution is poured inside. The ends should be sealed very carefully so that moisture does not penetrate inside. There is no need to wait until it hardens - you can start building the lower trim, floor and other elements of the gazebo on the same day.
The pile foundation for the gazebo has much in common with the columnar one, however, the piles are placed closer to each other and distributed around the entire perimeter, so that the structure rests on the piles with the entire floor area. Engineers have developed many types of screw piles that have screws on one end to drive them into the ground. A very important rule in working with such elements is that even if the pile entered the ground unevenly and goes at an angle, in no case try to correct the mistake by unscrewing it. This will loosen the soil, which will shrink in the future.
For solid structures - strip and slab foundation
Brick or stone gazebos are by no means uncommon. They are built for many years, inside you can equip a barbecue, glaze the walls and spend time inside not only in summer, but also in autumn and winter days. For such small architectural forms, a solid foundation is required, on which it will be convenient to lay brickwork - strip and slab foundations just have this quality.
For objective reasons, the slab foundation for the gazebo is used very rarely - the costs of finance and time are unreasonably large. Judge for yourself - in addition to the standard marking and clearing of the construction site, you will need to dig a considerable pit up to 50 cm deep. Then formwork is formed from the inside of the pit. At the bottom of the dug hole, a 10-15 cm layer of sand and fine gravel is covered. A layer of roofing material or polyethylene film is laid on top - this layer will play the role of waterproofing.
Another 5 cm of gravel is poured over the waterproofing - its task is to protect the previous layer from contact with the reinforcement. The reinforcing frame is assembled from rods with a cross section of 10 mm, forming a lattice with cells, the sides of which are 20 cm. Then concrete is poured 25–30 cm thick - it should rise slightly above the ground level. This plate will harden in a few days.
With a strip foundation, there is much less trouble, but the result is no worse. For a gazebo, it is enough to deepen the base to a level of 20-30 cm below the ground level. Width - 10 cm more than the estimated wall thickness. To save time, you can build formwork from pieces of old slate - you can leave it in the ground.
A reinforcement frame is placed inside the formwork, and then pouring is carried out. If you are lucky with a flat area with immovable soil, then you can do without it. simple option- build a foundation for a gazebo with your own hands from old tires. They are laid out around the perimeter and a lower harness is built on top. Under its own weight, the gazebo will sit firmly on such a basis. By the way, even moving soils are not afraid of him.
The owner of a private house or cottage, who wants to have a good time outdoors with protection from the sun and rain, will need a gazebo. Of course, in some cases, you can simply make the flooring from paving slabs or paving stones on a crushed stone-sand cushion, but you can’t do without a foundation for building a gazebo if it at least to some extent claims to be durable. A reliable foundation will not only protect wooden or steel structural elements from moisture, but also protect it from distortions that occur during seasonal climate change, keep it upright on “floating” soil, and give it the necessary elevation above the ground.
The gazebo is a fairly small structure, but installing a base under it can cost a substantial amount, so it's best to do all the work yourself, if possible, using this guide. The article describes all types of foundation for a gazebo, detailed instructions are given for the most popular schemes.
There are a fairly large number of technologies for building a foundation for a gazebo:
1. Belt - the most versatile and durable, suitable for any type of soil and groundwater location. It is a monolithic reinforced concrete tape with a thickness of 20 - 40 cm, laid in a trench 0.5 - 1.5 m deep on a sand cushion along the perimeter of the gazebo and at the support points. Such a foundation may be necessary for construction of heavy materials - brick, concrete, granite, and so on, in other cases, its use is limited by the high price and laboriousness of the installation. There are less reliable options - a strip foundation made of brick, rubble stone, wall foundation blocks (FBS).
2. Pillar foundation - the most common and cheapest, for rocky and sandy foundations with a low level of groundwater, not subject to seasonal deformations. Material - ceramic brick or FBS.
3. Pile foundation - a structure that transfers the load from the upper layers of the soil to the lower ones. Suitable for installing light arbors on floating or heaving types with a high groundwater level and a large freezing depth. It is almost always used if it is necessary to organically fit a building on uneven terrain - near a reservoir, a hill, and also for a gazebo attached to the house. Steel screw, wooden, bored (reinforced concrete, pipe-concrete, asbestos-cement) piles are used.
4. Monolithic foundation - like a strip foundation, it is suitable for any location and type of gazebo, but it requires a relatively even base, and even more material costs. It is a monolithic reinforced concrete slab with a thickness of 30 - 40 cm, mounted on a compacted crushed stone cushion. Used only in extreme cases when tape or pile foundation is not enough - when installing heavy structures on heaving or floating soil with a large freezing depth. In particularly difficult conditions, a monolithic foundation is placed as a cover on a recessed strip foundation.
Separately, it is worth highlighting the construction of a base for a gazebo from recycled materials - waste tires. They are laid out on the ground in 2 layers with an overlap, clogging all the gaps with compacted sand. The resulting design distributes the weight over a large area, eliminating distortion during soil destabilization, the elastic base unloads the frame of the gazebo, increasing its service life. This option is very cheap and easy to implement with your own hands without any special equipment. The strength and durability of tires makes such a gazebo foundation almost eternal, but from an aesthetic and environmental point of view, it is very far from ideal.
Of course, each type of foundation has its advantages and disadvantages, and you can not put a concrete gazebo on piles or pillars, but still the vast majority of such buildings are made using steel, timber or logs. Therefore, we can distinguish several types of foundations for gazebos, which combine durability, low price, simplicity of technology, and are able to carry the heaviest log structures.
brick pillars
A columnar brick foundation is the easiest and cheapest way to install a base for a gazebo with your own hands, which does not require any sophisticated equipment and special materials. The bookmark is made according to the following instructions:
1. Mark out the area. Each post should be marked in such a way as to be at an angle or crossing walls. If the distance between the pillars under the bearing wall is more than 2.5 m, then additional supports must be placed in increments of 1.3-2 m.
2. Dig a 1x1 meter hole under each post. Depth - 70-150 cm, determined by region and soil type. If it is weak and the freezing depth is more than 140 cm, it is better to replace the brick with piles. The necessary data for the region can be found in SNiP 2.01.01-82 appendix 1 fig. 3.
3. At the bottom of the pit, it is necessary to lay and compact a layer of sand 20 cm. It will weaken the effect of deformations of the surrounding soil on the post.
4. Be sure to use ceramic bricks with a monolithic structure.
5. The first bricks must be placed on roofing material and mortar, or on a concrete pad 20 cm thick. The second option is especially preferable when working with soft soil.
6. There are 2 main options for laying a pillar - one and a half or two bricks. When building a foundation for a gazebo made of wood or steel, it is best to use one and a half brick masonry with a channel inside.
7. For the foundation, a mortar with high frost resistance and low water permeability is required. The recommended ratio of cement and sand is 1 to 3.
8. The posts must be at least 20 cm above the ground level and aligned with each other.
9. The channel inside the post must be filled with concrete, after laying the reinforcement.
10. For waterproofing, treat the surface of the post with bituminous mastic and cover it with a piece of roofing material on top.
11. A week later, after gaining strength, the pillar must be covered with crushed stone or gravel to the ground level and compacted well.
It should be borne in mind that a brick, like other types of columnar foundations, “floats” without load on unstable soils. Therefore, it is very important to calculate the forces and time in such a way that after the construction of the foundation, immediately proceed to the rest.
Foundation from foundation blocks
Concrete is superior to brick in terms of durability and water resistance. The block foundation installation scheme at key points (step, backfill, cushion, waterproofing) is similar to the columnar version, but there are some application features:
1. The weight of concrete foundation stones is large, and the depth of penetration is small, so the area of use is limited to hard soils with low water tables.
2. Only very light structures can be placed on wall blocks 20x20x40 cm, but they are easy to mount by yourself.
3. On FBS 30x40x40 cm or more, it is permissible to install gazebos from timber or logs, but special equipment is required for their installation.
4. The site for the building must be carefully cleared and leveled horizontally, a small block 40 cm long will not be able to adjust the height by more than 10 cm from the ground.
Pipe piles
A piling foundation is a good way to save on concrete if you need to set up a relatively light pergola on weak soil or uneven terrain. Buying screw piles will be quite expensive, and driving wooden piles is not an easy task, so the foundation of bored piles can be called optimal. There are 3 manufacturing technologies:
- foundation from asbestos-cement pipes- the pipe is used as a formwork for concrete, a reinforcing bar or frame is laid inside. Advantages - high strength, decent appearance, low cost.
- Concrete piles - concrete is poured into a formwork reinforced with a reinforcing cage from roofing material in the form of a pipe. The advantage is simplicity and accessibility. Disadvantages - low aesthetics, possible difficulties with laying roofing material in the well, the need for formwork when erecting above ground level.
- Piles from steel pipes- are produced in the same way as from asbestos cement, but without mandatory reinforcement; disadvantage - high price.
The best choice for an economical owner would be to use a foundation made of asbestos-cement pipes. It is easy to build it according to the following guide:
1. Piles are installed in increments of 1.2 - 1.5 m, and at all angles of the gazebo. The load on one support should not exceed 800 kg.
2. With the help of a drill, wells are made 50 cm deep below the freezing point. The diameter must match the pipe - 15 cm for light structures, 20 for timber, 25-30 for logs.
3. A sand-gravel mixture is poured into a 30 cm well and rammed.
4. The pipe is treated with a waterproofing compound and inserted into the well.
5. Having filled the pipe half a meter with concrete, it is necessary to raise it a little so that the solution spreads along the well, creating adhesion to the ground. At this stage, the final alignment of the pile is carried out.
6. Reinforcement is laid in the pipe - 1 rod for a diameter of 15 cm; a cage of 4 rods, if the pile diameter is 25 cm or more.
7. The pile is filled with liquid concrete with fine crushed stone, getting rid of the cavities with the help of vibration with a long pin, the upper part is covered with a film. All work must be done in one go. A month later, the pile is completely ready for the installation of the gazebo.
The cost of building materials
Name | Dimension and form of delivery | Price excluding delivery, rub | Cost of 1 m³, rub |
Building sand | 1 m³, in bulk | 600 | 600 |
Crushed stone 20 - 40 for bedding | 1 m³, in bulk | 1000 | 1000 |
Crushed stone 5 - 20 for concrete | 1 m³, in bulk | 1100 | 1100 |
Cement M400 | 1 ton, in bulk | 3500 | 4200 |
Bag 50 kg | 200 | 4800 | |
Cement M500 | 1 ton, in bulk | 3800 | 4600 |
Bag 50 kg | 220 | 5300 | |
FBS | Block 200x200x400 mm | 190 | 11900 |
Block 300x400x400 mm | 435 | 8800 | |
Block 600x600x300 mm | 860 | 7900 | |
Ruberoid | 15x1 m, roll | 300 | – |
Bituminous mastic | Bag 30 kg | 900 | – |
Solid ceramic brick | 250x120x65 mm, piece | 10 | 5120 |
Pipe steel galvanized electrowelded | Diameter 90 – 160 mm, ton | 53000 | – |
Asbestos-cement pressure pipe | Diameter 150 mm, 1 r.m. | 240 | – |
Diameter 200 mm, 1 r.m. | 350 | – | |
Diameter 250 mm, 1 r.m. | 550 | – | |
Diameter 300 mm, 1 r.m. | 700 | – | |
fittings | Rod 12 mm, 1 lm | 25 | – |