Nonspecific inflammatory diseases of the urinary system. What to do with inflammatory processes of the genitourinary system in women
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Our genitourinary system is subject to very high risks of diseases if we lead an unhealthy lifestyle. All this leads to the appearance of inflammatory processes and infectious diseases in the genitourinary system. Let's look at the main diseases of the genitourinary system, their signs and possible methods treatment.
Major diseases of the genitourinary system
The human urinary system includes the urethra, bladder, ureters, and kidneys. Anatomically and physiologically, the urinary tract is closely related to the organs of the reproductive system. The most common form of urinary tract pathology is infectious diseases - diseases of the genitourinary system.
Urethritis
Many people know too little about this disease to consult a doctor in time and start treatment. It is about the causes, methods of treatment and other features of the disease of the urethra that we will discuss further.
Unfortunately, many suffer from urological diseases, including urethritis. This disease has already been sufficiently studied, effective methods of treatment have been developed, which are developing more and more every day. The symptoms of urethritis are not always pronounced, so the patient may turn to a specialist late, which greatly complicates the treatment.
Causes of urethritis
The main cause of this disease is an infection of the urethra, which is a tube with layers of epithelium inside. It is the tube that can be the center of the spread of infection. Complicating the disease is that the virus may not show any signs of its existence for a long time. Only when exposed to negative factors (cold, stress) does the infection make itself felt. The disease can be chronic and acute. The first form is more dangerous, because its signs are not as pronounced as in the second.
But even more serious is inflammation of the urethra. The disease can be caused by chlaminadia, Trichomonas, dangerous condylomatous growths, herpes viruses.
Infection with urethritis
It is always worth remembering the safety of sexual intercourse, because this is the main threat to contract viral infections of the genital organs, urethritis is no exception. Note that the disease in women is much easier than in men. Urethritis in the stronger sex can occur with significant pain and complications. It is important to remember that the disease does not make itself felt during the incubation period - it proceeds without pronounced signs. And only at the next stages of the disease, you will begin to notice that not everything is in order with your genitourinary system. But the treatment will be much more difficult. Therefore, periodically for your own safety, check with a specialist.
The main signs of urethritis and possible consequences
The disease has a number of signs that everyone needs to remember in order to start treatment on time:
- Pain accompanied by burning, which is aggravated by urination.
- Discomfort in the urethra.
- Mucopurulent discharge that has an unpleasant odor.
- Cutting and cramps in the lower abdomen.
In cases where a person does not go to the doctor in time, there are complications and the spread of the inflammatory process to other organs and systems. Remember that treatment of the urethra should be started on time, and only after consulting a doctor.
Ways to treat urethritis
A good specialist, before prescribing treatment, carefully examines the causes of the disease, because not all of them are caused by infections. The cause of urethritis can also be an allergic reaction caused by the influence of chemicals. Treatment of this form of urethral disease is different from infectious.
Before starting the treatment of viral urethritis, it is necessary to conduct laboratory tests so that the prescribed medications effectively affect the disease. lends itself well pharmacological treatment acute urethritis. In cases where it develops into chronic form treatment may take a long time.
Every person who understands what urethritis is, understands that self-medication will not give any positive result. Only under the supervision of doctors, the patient has every chance to get a healthy genitourinary system again.
Folk remedies for urethritis
Balanoposthitis
This disease has many different forms, the occurrence of which depends on the causes. Symptoms of the disease:
- Soreness.
- Plaque.
- Puffiness.
- Allocations.
- Rash.
- The occurrence of ulcers on the genitals.
- Bad smell.
Vesiculitis is a fairly long-term disease that is difficult to cure. For a full recovery, you need to make a lot of effort. Very rarely, this disease occurs without concomitant diseases. Sometimes it is considered a complication of prostatitis.
Types of vesiculitis
There are acute and chronic forms of vesiculitis. But the first one is much more common.
Acute vesiculitis is characterized by sudden onset, high fever, weakness, pain in the lower abdomen and bladder.
Chronic vesiculitis is a complication after an acute form, which is characterized by pain of a pulling nature. The erection is broken.
The most terrible complication is suppuration, which is associated with the formed fistula with the intestines. This form is characterized by a very high temperature, poor health. It is urgent to take the patient to the doctor.
Source of infection with vesiculitis
When a person is already sick with the prostate, the prostate gland is the main source of infection. Vesiculitis can also be caused by urethritis. Less often, but sometimes there are sources of infection of the urinary system (if a person is sick with cystitis or pyelonephritis). Also, infection can get through the blood from other organs (with tonsillitis, pneumonia and osteomyelitis). The cause of the disease can be various injuries of the lower abdomen.
Vesiculitis Symptoms
There are no specific symptoms that indicate this particular disease. Therefore, it is very important that the doctor carefully diagnose the patient. Signs that may indicate vesiculitis:
- Pain in the perineum, above the pubis.
- Increased pain when filling the bladder.
- The presence of mucous secretions.
- Presence of erectile dysfunction.
- Pain during ejaculation.
- Deterioration of well-being.
Diagnosis of vesiculitis
The latent course of the disease and the absence of clear signs greatly complicates the diagnosis and treatment. If vesiculitis is suspected, doctors perform a number of procedures:
- Examine for the presence of genital infections.
- Take a series of smears to determine the presence of an inflammatory process.
- Check the prostate and seminal vesicles by palpation.
- Explore the secret of the prostate and seminal vesicles.
- An ultrasound of the urinary and reproductive systems is performed.
- They take blood and urine samples.
- Conduct a spermogram.
- Throughout the treatment process, careful monitoring of the dynamics of the disease.
Treatment of vesiculitis
An important condition for the disease is bed rest. If a person is constantly tormented by a high temperature and sharp pains Doctors prescribe antipyretics and painkillers.
Also, in order to reduce pain, the doctor prescribes drugs with an anesthetic effect. The patient is periodically carried out physiotherapy, massage. In the advanced stages of vesiculitis, surgery may be prescribed. Sometimes it is recommended to remove the seeds.
In order to avoid this serious disease, there are a number of recommendations that must be followed:
- Avoid constipation.
- Get exercise.
- Periodically examined by a urologist.
- Avoid scarcity or abundance sexual relations.
- Don't overcool.
- Eat healthy food.
- Visit a venereologist regularly.
Orchiepidimitis
This is an inflammation that occurs in the area of the testicle and its appendages. Causes an infection. The testis and its appendages enlarge and harden. All this is accompanied by severe pain and increased body temperature.
There are two forms of orchiepididymitis: acute and chronic. Most often, the first turns into the second form due to an untimely visit to the doctor or an inaccurate diagnosis. The chronic form of the disease is very difficult to cure.
Methods of infection with orchiepididymitis
The disease can be contracted through unprotected intercourse. There is also a risk of disease with prostatitis. Rare cases of infection through the circulatory system have been recorded. The cause of the disease can be injuries in the scrotum, hypothermia, excessive sexual activity, cystitis. You need to be treated very carefully, because with the wrong treatment, the disease can return.
Orchiepididymitis is a very dangerous disease, because it entails sad consequences. The acute form can lead to problems with abscess, provoke the appearance of a tumor or infertility.
Treatment of orchiepididymitis
The main weapon against the disease is antibiotics. But drugs must be selected very carefully, taking into account the individual characteristics of the body. Also, the treatment is affected by the form of the disease, the age of the patient and the general state of his health. Doctors prescribe medications for the inflammatory process, high temperature. If the disease returns again, then its treatment is already carried out with the help of surgical interventions.
Prevention of the disease is much easier than its treatment. It is necessary to avoid hypothermia, casual sexual relations, injuries of the scrotum. It is also worth wearing underwear that fits snugly to the body. This will improve blood circulation in the genital area. Do not overload the body either physically or mentally. You need to have a good rest and take care of your health. It is necessary to periodically be examined by a doctor. By following all these recommendations, you protect yourself from infection.
Cystitis
Cystitis is a disease that is characterized by a violation of urination, soreness in the pubic area. But these signs are also characteristic of other infectious and non-infectious diseases (prostatitis, urethritis, diveculitis, oncology).
Most often, inflammatory processes in the bladder occur in girls. This is due, first of all, to the distinctive anatomical structure of the woman's body. Cystitis has two forms: chronic and acute (the upper layer of the bladder lends itself to inflammation). The disease most often begins to develop when infected or hypothermia. As a result of improper treatment, the disease can turn into chronic cystitis, which is dangerous because of the weak manifestation of symptoms and the ability to mask other diseases. As you can see, it is very important to start the right treatment on time.
What causes cystitis?
Most often, the disease is caused by an infection that enters the body through the urethra. Sometimes, in people with weak immunity, infection occurs in a hematogenous way. Cystitis can be caused by the following bacteria:
- Intestinal sticks.
- Proteas.
- Enterobacter.
- Bacteroids.
- Klibsiell.
The above bacteria reside in the intestines.
Cellular bacteria can also cause cystitis:
- Chlamydia.
- Mycoplasma.
- Ureaplasma.
Often the disease can be caused by thrush, ureaplasmosis, vaginosis and diabetes.
Non-infectious cystitis can be caused by medications, burns, and injuries.
Symptoms of cystitis
Symptoms of the disease to some extent depend on the characteristics of the body. Therefore, it is impossible to name any clear symptoms of cystitis. Let's pay attention to the most common features of the disease:
- Cutting and pain when urinating.
- Pain in the pubic region.
- Frequent need to urinate.
- Changed color, texture and smell of urine.
- High temperature (in acute form).
- Disorders in digestion.
It is worth remembering that the symptoms of cystitis can hide illnesses much more serious, so you can not self-medicate.
Diagnosis of the disease
Examination for cystitis is not difficult enough. The main thing is to determine what caused the disease. And sometimes it is difficult to determine this factor, because there are many sources of infection. In order to confirm the diagnosis of "cystitis" it is necessary to pass a series of tests:
- Analysis for infection.
- Clinical urinalysis.
- Biochemical blood tests.
- Perform a bacterial culture of the urine.
- Tests for the presence of a venereal disease.
- Tests to detect other genitourinary diseases.
- Ultrasound of the genitourinary system.
And, having received the results of all tests, it is possible to determine the causes of the disease and prescribe a treatment method.
Folk remedies for cystitis
Pyelonephritis
Infectious kidney disease, which is accompanied by inflammatory processes. The disease is caused by bacteria that enter the kidneys from other, already inflamed, organs through the blood, bladder or urethra. There are two types of pyelonephritis:
- Hematogenous (infection enters through the blood).
- Ascending (enters from the genitourinary system).
Types of pyelonephritis
There are two forms of the disease:
- Acute (severe symptoms).
- Chronic (sluggishly expressed signs, periodic exacerbations of the disease).
The second form of the disease is most often the result of improper treatment. Same way chronic pyelonephritis may result from the presence of a latent focus of infection. The second form of the disease can be considered a complication.
Pyelonephritis most often affects children under seven years of age, as well as young girls. Men are much less likely to suffer from this disease. Most often, in the stronger sex, pyelonephritis is a complication after other infectious diseases.
Symptoms of pyelonephritis
The acute form of the disease is accompanied by the following symptoms:
- Elevated temperature.
- Intoxication.
- Sharp pain in the back.
- Frequent and painful urination.
- Lack of appetite.
- Feeling of nausea.
- Vomit.
More rare signs of pyelonephritis may include the following symptoms:
- Blood in the urine.
- Urine color changes.
- The presence of an unpleasant pungent odor of urine.
In order for the treatment of the disease to be effective, it is necessary to accurately determine the diagnosis. When prescribing medications, it is necessary to take into account the individual characteristics of the body.
Treatment and diagnosis of pyelonephritis
The most effective way to diagnose the disease is with a complete blood count. Also, if pyelonephritis is suspected, doctors prescribe an ultrasound of the genitourinary system and a urine test.
Proper treatment of the disease consists in taking antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs and physiotherapy. Vitamin intake also has a positive effect on the results of treatment.
You must remember that late visits to the doctor can lead to complications, which will slow down the healing process.
Prevention of pyelonephritis
Most effective method prevention - treatment of diseases that contribute to the development of pyelonephritis (prostatitis, adenoma, cystitis, urethritis and urolithiasis). You also need to protect the body from hypothermia.
Folk remedies for pyelonephritis
Urolithiasis disease
Second place after viral diseases of the genitourinary system is urolithiasis. Note that, according to statistics, men are more often affected by the disease. The disease is most often characteristic of one kidney, but there are cases that urolithiasis affects both kidneys at once.
Urolithiasis is characteristic for any age, but most often it occurs in young able-bodied people. When stones are in the kidneys, they do not make themselves felt much, but when they go outside, they begin to cause discomfort to a person, cause irritation and inflammation.
Symptoms
The following signs may indicate that a person has stones in the genitourinary system:
- Frequent urination.
- Pain when urinating.
- Cutting pains, most often in one part of the lower back.
- Urine changes color and chemical composition.
Causes of the disease
Most often, stones in the genitourinary system are a genetic problem. In other words, those who suffer from diseases of the genitourinary system have such a problem.
Also, the occurrence of stones can be the cause of improper metabolism. Calcium is problematic excreted through the kidneys. The cause of the disease may be the presence of uric acid in the blood.
The reason for the presence of such a problem may be the intake of insufficient amounts of fluid. The rapid loss of water in the body that diuretics cause can also lead to the formation of stones. The disease sometimes occurs due to past infections of the genitourinary system.
Diagnosis and treatment of the disease
If such a problem is suspected, only a specialist can detect stones, who will prescribe a number of diagnostic measures:
- Delivery of urine.
Having determined the diagnosis and causes of the disease, the urologist selects individual scheme treatment. If the disease has just begun to develop, drug treatment will be enough (taking diuretics that contribute to the breakdown of stones).
The doctor also prescribes anti-inflammatory therapy in order not to cause cystitis or urethritis. The release of stones irritates the urogenital canals, which leads to inflammation. When sick, it is recommended to take plenty of fluids. This will improve the functioning of the whole organism. Surgical intervention of the disease is prescribed for the formation of large stones. It is important for urolithiasis to adhere to a diet and conduct periodic examinations.
Folk remedies for urolithiasis
So, we examined the most common diseases of the genitourinary system, their main signs and symptoms. It is important to have information about the diseases that may lie in wait for you, because whoever is warned is armed. Be healthy!
In women, the reproductive organs include the uterus with fallopian tubes, ovaries, vagina, and vulva.
The organs of the urinary and reproductive systems are closely related due to the peculiarities of the anatomical structure. Inflammation of the genitourinary organs is quite common in both men and women.
Diseases
Due to the peculiarities of the anatomical structure of the genitourinary system of women, infection of the genitourinary tract with pathogenic microorganisms occurs in them much more often than in men. Female risk factors - age, pregnancy, childbirth. Because of this, the walls of the small pelvis from below weaken and lose the ability to support the organs at the required level.
Ignoring the rules of personal hygiene also contributes to inflammation of the organs of the system.
Among the inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system, the most common are:
Moreover, chronic forms of diseases are more common, the symptoms of which are absent during remission.
Urethritis
Urethritis - inflammation of the urethra. The symptoms of this disease are:
- painful difficulty urinating, during which a burning sensation appears; the number of calls to the toilet increases;
- discharge from the urethra, which leads to redness and sticking of the opening of the urethra;
- a high level of leukocytes in the urine, which indicates the presence of a focus of inflammation, but there are no traces of the pathogen.
Depending on the pathogen that caused urethritis, the disease is divided into two types:
- specific infectious urethritis, for example, as a result of the development of gonorrhea;
- nonspecific urethritis, the causative agent of which is chlamydia, ureaplasma, viruses and other microorganisms (pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic).
In addition, the cause of inflammation may not be an infection, but a banal allergic reaction or injury after an incorrect insertion of the catheter.
Cystitis
Cystitis is an inflammation of the lining of the bladder. This disease is more common in women than in men. The cause of infectious cystitis is Escherichia coli, chlamydia or ureaplasma. However, the ingestion of these pathogens into the body does not necessarily cause disease. Risk factors are:
- prolonged sitting, frequent constipation, preference for tight clothing, resulting in impaired blood circulation in the pelvic area;
- deterioration of immunity;
- irritating effect on the walls of the bladder of substances that are part of the urine (when eating spicy or overcooked food);
- menopause;
- diabetes;
- congenital pathologies;
- hypothermia.
In the presence of an inflammatory process in other organs of the genitourinary system, there is a high probability of infection entering the bladder.
The acute form of cystitis is manifested by frequent urge to urinate, the process becomes painful, the amount of urine decreases sharply. Appearance urine changes, in particular, transparency disappears. Pain also appears between urges in the pubic region. It is dull, cutting or burning in nature. In severe cases, in addition to these symptoms, fever, nausea and vomiting appear.
Pyelonephritis
Inflammation of the pelvis of the kidney is the most dangerous among other infections of the genitourinary system. A common cause of pyelonephritis in women is a violation of the outflow of urine, which happens during pregnancy due to an increase in the uterus and pressure on nearby organs.
In men, this disease is a complication of prostate adenoma, in children it is a complication of influenza, pneumonia, etc.
Acute pyelonephritis develops suddenly. First, the temperature rises sharply and weakness appears, headache and chills. Sweating increases. Associated symptoms may include nausea and vomiting. In the absence of treatment, there are two ways of developing the disease:
- transition to a chronic form;
- the development of suppurative processes in the organ (signs of such are sharp jumps in temperature and deterioration of the patient's condition).
endometritis
This disease is characterized by an inflammatory process in the uterus. It is caused by staphylococcus, streptococcus, Escherichia coli and other microbes. The penetration of infection into the uterine cavity is facilitated by ignoring the rules of hygiene, promiscuity, and a decrease in general immunity.
In addition, inflammation can develop as a result of complicated surgical interventions, such as abortion, probing or hysteroscopy.
The main symptoms of the disease are:
- temperature rise;
- pain in the lower abdomen;
- vaginal discharge (bloody or purulent).
cervicitis
Inflammation of the cervix occurs as a result of infection in its cavity, which is sexually transmitted. Viral diseases can also provoke the development of cervicitis: herpes, papilloma, etc. Any damage (during childbirth, abortion, medical procedures) causes the disease due to a violation of the integrity of the mucous membrane.
Clinical manifestations are typical for the inflammatory process:
- discomfort during intercourse, sometimes pain;
- mucous discharge from the vagina;
- discomfort or pain in the lower abdomen;
- fever, general malaise.
Colpitis
Colpitis, or vaginitis - an inflammation of the vagina, which is caused by Trichomonas, Candida fungi, herpes viruses, E. coli. The patient complains of the following symptoms:
- discharge;
- heaviness in the lower abdomen or in the vaginal area;
- burning;
- discomfort during urination.
During the examination, the doctor observes hyperemia, swelling of the mucous membrane, rashes, pigmented formations. In some cases, erosive areas appear.
Vulvitis
Inflammation of the external genitalia. These include the pubis, labia, hymen (or its remnants), vestibule, Bartholin's glands, bulb. Vulvitis is caused by infectious pathogens: streptococci, E. coli, chlamydia, etc.
The provoking factors are:
- oral sex;
- taking antibiotics, hormonal drugs and drugs that suppress the immune system;
- diabetes;
- leukemia;
- oncological diseases;
- inflammatory processes in other organs of the genitourinary system;
- urinary incontinence;
- frequent masturbation;
- taking an excessively hot bath;
- non-compliance with personal hygiene.
You can identify the presence of an inflammatory process by the following symptoms:
- redness of the skin;
- edema;
- pain in the vulva;
- burning and itching;
- the presence of bubbles, plaque, ulcers.
Prostatitis
Inflammation of the prostate. The chronic form of the disease affects about 30% of men aged 20 to 50 years. There are two groups depending on the cause of occurrence:
- infectious prostatitis caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi;
- congestive prostatitis, which occurs due to the corresponding processes in the prostate gland (in violation of sexual activity, sedentary work, preference for tight underwear, alcohol abuse).
There are risk factors that additionally provoke the development of the inflammatory process. These include:
- decreased immunity;
- hormonal disorders;
- inflammatory processes in nearby organs.
You can identify the disease by its characteristic symptoms. The patient feels unwell, which may be accompanied by fever, complains of pain in the perineum and frequent urge to urinate. The chronic form of prostatitis can be asymptomatic and remind of itself only during periods of exacerbation.
Diagnostics
Before prescribing treatment, patients with suspected inflammation of the genitourinary system need a urological examination.
- ultrasound examination of the kidneys, bladder;
- examination of urine and blood;
- it is possible to perform cystoscopy, computed tomography, pyelography according to individual indications.
The results of the examination determine which diagnosis will be established and what treatment is prescribed to the patient.
Treatment
To stop the inflammatory process, medications are used.
The goal of etiological treatment is to eliminate the cause of the disease. To do this, you need to correctly determine the pathogen and its sensitivity to antibacterial agents. Common causative agents of urinary tract infections are Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
The selection of the drug takes into account the type of pathogen and the individual characteristics of the patient's body. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are often prescribed. The selectivity of these drugs is high, the toxic effect on the body is minimal.
Symptomatic treatment is aimed at eliminating the general and local symptoms of the disease.
During treatment, the patient is under strict medical supervision.
You can speed up the healing process by observing the following rules:
- Drink enough water per day and at least 1 tbsp. cranberry juice without sugar.
- Avoid salty and spicy foods from your diet.
- Limit the use of sweets and starchy foods during treatment.
- Maintain the hygiene of the external genital organs.
- Use acid soap (Lactophilus or Feminu).
- Cancel access to public waters, including hot tubs and pools.
- Refuse frequent change of sexual partners.
Attention should also be paid to improving immunity. This will avoid recurrence of the disease.
Inflammation of the genitourinary system is a common problem modern society. Therefore, regular examinations and preventive visits to the doctor should become the norm.
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Diseases of the genitourinary system in women
Common diseases of the genitourinary system in women.
In order to monitor your health, you must first of all have an idea about the structure of your body. In women, the organs of the genitourinary system are extremely vulnerable, the diseases are very unpleasant and easily flow from an acute form to a chronic one. Knowing about the symptoms when infections occur will make it easier for a woman to protect herself from them.
The organs of the female genitourinary system include:
The female genitourinary system consists of the reproductive and excretory organs. The main difference from the male one is the length of the urethra (the female one is about five cm, and the male one is about twenty cm). Consequently, inflammatory processes bother women more often than men. With the same disease, it is usually more difficult for a woman to recover.
Infections are the main cause of inflammation. It can be urological and gynecological. And if the organs of both systems are in close proximity, then the infection can affect both. With the first symptoms, a woman should consult a specialist; if left untreated, severe complications may occur. The consequences of infectious diseases can be ectopic pregnancy, infertility, etc.
INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES SYMPTOMS IN WOMEN
Symptoms of inflammation that occurs in the female genitourinary system may differ. The organs of the reproductive and urinary female systems are closely located and interact with each other. Well, when the inflammation has already begun in one place, it quickly spreads to the organs that are nearby.
DISEASES OF THE URINARY SYSTEM IN WOMEN
cystitis in women. Symptoms. Video
Cystitis (bladder inflammation) is characterized by frequent urge to urinate, pain when urinating in the lower abdomen. Urine is often cloudy with blood impurities. The patient may have a feeling of emptying an incomplete bladder. A complicated form of cystitis leads to the development of pyelonephritis. The patient complains of pain in the lumbar region, discoloration of urine, chills, fever, which has a fetid odor, etc.
Almost every woman has encountered this unpleasant disease, cutting pains characterized by urination, a feeling of discomfort in the lower abdomen. With exacerbation of cystitis, there may be blood excretion in the urine, the pain syndrome is strong, a significant increase in T. By the way, unpleasant sensations in the urethra are a common phenomenon and may indicate various diseases, hallmark without being one of some kind. More often, women suffer from cystitis, their urethral canal is short and the vagina is located near the anus, which easily allows microbes to enter the bladder.
If due attention is not paid to cystitis treatment, then it can "grow" into inflammation of the renal pelvis - pyelonephritis. Symptoms of cystitis will be accompanied by back pain, nausea, and swelling.
Bacterial genital infections include: syphilis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, ureaplasma and mycoplasma.
Viral infections include genital herpes, condylomas, cytomegalovirus infection.
Infections are transmitted sexually mainly, infection is not excluded by household and transplacental.
Microorganisms and bacteria affect the organs of the genitourinary system, adversely affect the reproductive function of women.
DISEASES OF THE URINARY SYSTEM IN WOMEN, TREATMENT
Bacterial vaginosis (vaginitis), symptoms and prevention. Video
With this disease, a woman feels pain during sexual intercourse, a burning sensation in the vagina and the urethra, discharge is present (with acute vaginitis, the discharge is abundant, and the pain is quite sharp; in the form of chronic pain, they can completely disappear and rarely appear, but the disease manifests itself with the strength of a new hypothermia, stress, etc.)
Treatment of any "female" disease should be carried out under the supervision of a gynecologist. Self-medication is dangerous and can also be as if untreated. Any bacterial infection is treated with antibiotics. In diseases of the urinary system, herbal infusions and decoctions are used as an additional means of therapy, and you can drink them to remove the infection from the body, and do douching.
Gonorrhea in women. Symptoms. Video
Gonorrhea. Its causative agent is gonococcus, which affects the mucous membranes of the urinary tract and genital organs. The process of inflammation spreads to the departments different systems urogenital. The main symptoms of gonorrhea: inflammation in the vaginal area, presence of mucopurulent discharge from the cervical canal, pain during urination, urethral swelling, itching in the vagina.
Genital herpes in women. Symptoms. Video
Genital herpes. Unlike other sexually transmitted infections, the appearance is characterized by the appearance of small vesicles on the mucous membrane with a cloudy liquid. Their formation is preceded by itching, burning and redness at the localization site. In addition, the patient's lymph nodes increase, T appears, pain in the muscles.
Condylomas. Gynecology. Symptoms. Video
Condylomatosis. This disease is characterized by genital warts occurring in the vaginal area. The causative agent is papillomavirus infection. Condylomas are small warts that gradually grow, resembling cauliflower.
Syphilis in women. Symptoms. Video
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease, the causative agent of which is pale treponema. appears in a patient on the membranes of the mucous chancre, the lymph nodes increase. There are primary, secondary and tertiary syphilis, which differ in the degree of localization on the mucous membrane of treponema.
Chlamydia in a woman. Symptoms. Video
Chlamydia. The main sign - the presence of chlamydia in the body appear from the genital organs of the discharge of pale yellow, pain sensation during urination, sexual intercourse, pain before menstruation. The main danger of chlamydia is that complications can lead to lesions of the uterus and appendages in a woman.
Ureaplasmosis in women. Symptoms. Video
Ureaplasmosis. This microorganism ureaplasma urealiticum causes the appearance of ureaplasmosis, if it enters the body for a long time, it does not make itself felt. The disease is almost asymptomatic, and therefore women rarely pay attention to minor changes in the body. After the end of the incubation period, the patient is worried about burning during urination, the appearance of mucous secretions, pain in the lower abdomen. With a decrease in immunity, any physical factors (stress, colds, hypothermia, physical activity are large) activate the infection.
DISEASES OF THE URINARY ORGANS
Mycoplasmosis. symptoms in women. Video
Mycoplasmosis. The disease manifests itself in the form of colorless, white or yellow discharge, burning during urination. After intercourse, pain often appears in the area of \u200b\u200bthe inguinal pain. With weakened immunity, pathogens of mycoplasmosis can be transferred to other organs (urinary tract, kidneys, urethra).
Most infections are asymptomatic, passing over time from the acute stage to the chronic form.
When certain symptoms appear, it is imperative to visit a gynecologist for a qualified diagnosis of the conduct and elimination of the infection.
Thrush (candidiasis). Symptoms. Video
Thrush (candidiasis). This disease is fungal, the most common in women. The main reason is personal hygiene rules, non-compliance and violation of the microflora of the normal vagina (for example, after long-term antibiotics). Accompanied by thrush during urination, burning, itching, strong, curdled white discharge, redness of the labia minora. It is treated simply (flucostat or fluconazole, vaginal suppositories). The disease is not dangerous and does not have serious consequences, but it causes a lot of discomfort, and it is better not to delay treatment and cure it quickly (medicines are sold in any pharmacy and are quite inexpensive).
Urethritis in a woman. Symptoms. Video
Urethritis. A sharp pain with urethritis of the patient worries before urination, mucus discharge from the urethra, with impurities of pus, sometimes with a characteristic smell. A woman can bring the infection into the urethra, and then into the urinary bladder, if personal hygiene rules are not observed. This can also happen during intercourse or as a result of an injury to the resulting vulva. Symptoms of urethritis are much less common, more often cystitis develops, since the urethra is very short. Even, when the infection has got into it, then from there it is washed out with a powerful stream of urine.
More about folk treatment diseases of the female genitourinary system:
Diseases of the genitourinary system in women. Video.
New Articles
Cystitis in women and drugs for its treatment
Cystitis is one of the most "popular" urological diseases. It is more common in young women. Even without treatment, unpleasant symptoms may disappear, but the disease cannot be left unattended. Launched infectious inflammation can cause serious damage to the organs of the genitourinary system.
What is cystitis
Cystitis is an inflammation of the bladder or urinary infection, resulting in inflammation of the mucosa. Most often, the causative agent of the disease is Escherichia coli, less often - infections.
Women are more likely to get cystitis due to anatomical features: their urinary canal is wider and shorter, it is easier for the stick to get on the mucous membrane. A stick that has entered the urinary tract destroys the mucous membrane. It has bleeding ulcers. Without the necessary treatment, the process spreads throughout the body, passing to the kidneys.
Cystitis is often called a "cold" disease: it is believed that it occurs due to hypothermia. This is not so: the pathogen enters the urethra from the rectum. Cold weather can be a favorable factor and accelerate the inflammatory process by reducing immunity.
Related reasons also include:
- stasis of urine;
- difficult childbirth;
- pregnancy;
- operations on the organs of the urinary system;
- avitaminosis;
- malnutrition;
- hormonal disorders;
- non-compliance with hygiene rules.
Acute cystitis can also occur after unprotected intercourse with an untested partner. In this case, the causative agent will be chlamydia.
Symptoms and signs
In the acute form of the disease, the symptoms are pronounced, during chronic cystitis, the signs are blurred and may not cause much discomfort. The first obvious sign of cystitis is discomfort when urinating. A burning sensation appears in the urethra, the process of emptying the bladder is delayed.
- frequent false urge to urinate;
- pain in the vulva;
- pain in the lower abdomen;
- cloudy sediment in the urine;
- temperature rise;
- weakness;
- bad smell;
- feeling of incomplete emptying;
- general malaise.
In advanced cases, blood appears in the urine. The further the inflammatory process goes, the more often the symptoms recur. If at the initial stage the urge to urinate occurs every 1-1.5 hours, then later the time is reduced to a minute. The pain syndrome first manifests itself during the emptying of the urinary tract, after - constantly.
Forms of the disease
There are two forms of cystitis: acute and chronic. In the first case, the inflammatory process is “one-time”, in the second, clinical cases occur more often than twice a year. Chronic inflammation is one of the main causes of functional and structural changes in the bladder.
In rare cases, a third form is diagnosed - sluggish cystitis. It does not have any characteristic exacerbations. The main symptom is frequent urination, characterized by discomfort and a slight burning sensation.
Acute cystitis has two forms of flow. It is subdivided into:
Primary occurs due to infection, secondary often develops due to diseases of nearby organs or the bladder.
Possible Complications
Under favorable conditions, the symptoms of primary acute cystitis can go away on their own. For many women, this is a reason to refuse a visit to the doctor. But the disappearance of obvious signs of the disease is not always evidence that the inflammatory process has been stopped.
If the infection remains in the urinary tract, hemorrhagic cystitis may develop. It occurs due to the strong destruction of the mucous membrane. At the same time, vascular permeability increases, and hemorrhage occurs. The most obvious sign of such a complication is urine with a rich red tint and sharp sharp pains in the lower abdomen.
The following negative consequences are possible:
- Iron-deficiency anemia;
- dysfunction of the bladder;
- overgrowing of the walls with connective tissue;
- urinary incontinence;
- bladder rupture;
- peritonitis;
- pyelonephritis.
If sexually transmitted infections join cystitis, age increases the risk of adhesions of the fallopian tubes, which causes infertility. In addition, the disease significantly reduces immunity. The body loses its ability to resist diseases and infections.
Necessary diagnostics
At the first symptoms of cystitis, you should consult a general practitioner or urologist. In some cases, the diagnosis can be made after the first visit, solely on the basis of the patient's complaints. The prescribed treatment is carried out at home under the supervision of a doctor.
To confirm the diagnosis, it is necessary to pass a series of tests. This should be done before the use of any medications: they begin to act quickly, and the very next day the clinical picture may change and affect the results of the studies.
The symptoms characteristic of cystitis overlap with signs of other pathologies - urolithiasis, sexually transmitted diseases, uterine cancer or tumor processes in the urinary tract. All these diseases can be excluded only after receiving the test results.
- urine;
- blood;
- smear from the mucous membrane of the vagina or cervix;
- cystoscopy;
- Ultrasound of the genitourinary system.
Additionally, in controversial cases, a biopsy may be required.
Traditional treatment
For the treatment of female cystitis, the following drugs are used:
In most cases, the main "bet" is on antibiotics. You cannot choose the medicine yourself. When choosing, the doctor takes into account many factors, from the age of the patient to the clinical picture of the disease. The duration of the course is of particular importance: extra pills “hit” the body, and untreated inflammation is dangerous with a secondary exacerbation.
Before use, you need to carefully study the instructions, paying attention to contraindications. Some drugs are allowed to be used even by children (for example, Nolicin), others are prohibited for people with kidney failure, allergies, pregnant or lactating women.
To alleviate the most unpleasant symptoms of cystitis (pain and burning), antispasmodics and analgesics are needed - Papaverine and No-shpa (Drotaverine). Phytopreparations help to restore the normal microflora: Cyston, Phytolysin, Canephron, Spazmotsistenal. Vitamin and mineral complexes are used to stimulate the immune system.
In chronic cystitis it is necessary:
- normalize hormonal disorders;
- support the immune system;
- eliminate structural pathologies of the urinary;
- activate the blood supply to the affected organs;
- adjust the rules of personal hygiene.
During an exacerbation, antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs are used.
Folk remedies
Folk remedies can relieve pain and stop inflammation, but it is forbidden to completely replace the recommended drug therapy with them. When choosing a suitable recipe, you need to focus on its composition: if you are allergic to at least one component, you should refuse to use it. If possible, you should consult with your doctor about the chosen method of auxiliary treatment.
- rosehip roots: two tablespoons are poured hot water and boil for 15 minutes. After two hours, the cooled broth is filtered. You need to drink everything in a day, dividing the liquid into four times. Consume before meals for one week.
- dry or fresh celandine grass: 150 gr. plants are crushed in a blender. The resulting slurry is wrapped in a bandage or gauze and immersed in a liter jar of warm water. Infuse for three hours, drink a third of a glass every three hours.
- lingonberry leaves: two teaspoons per glass of boiling water, warm over medium flame for a minute, cool and strain. Drink in small sips four times a day. You can not store the broth, every day you need to prepare a new one. Consume until symptoms disappear.
- Bedstraw herb: four tablespoons of dry herb in a glass of boiling water. Cool at room temperature. Drink half a glass before meals. The course is two weeks.
With an exacerbation of cystitis, it is recommended to observe bed rest and refuse exercise. You need to follow a simple diet: exclude foods with a high level of calcium (milk, kefir, cheeses and yogurts) and add as many fresh vegetables and fruits to the diet as possible.
Drinking should be plentiful and natural - blueberry, cranberry or lingonberry fruit drinks or still mineral water at room temperature are suitable. Bad habits during this period are especially dangerous - they undermine the already impaired immunity. Under a complete ban, alcohol is included, which is not compatible with drugs.
Prevention
To avoid recurrence, you must carefully monitor your health. Even mild colds need urgent treatment. Problematic teeth, dysbacteriosis or tonsillitis can provoke secondary cystitis.
To avoid stagnant processes in the pelvis, you need to move as much as possible. This is especially true for office workers. Although once an hour a small warm-up is done, consisting of bends, squats and a quiet walk. It is better to refuse the elevator in favor of the stairs.
During washing, it is undesirable to use fragrant soaps and gels with a large number of flavors: they negatively affect the mucous membrane, drying it out. You need to visit the bath at least once a day, change linen regularly. During critical days, tampons are replaced with sanitary pads.
Tight underwear made of synthetic fabrics often provokes circulatory disorders of the pelvic organs. With a tendency to cystitis, the choice is made in favor of comfortable cotton panties.
Preventive visits to the gynecologist and urologist should be made at least twice a year. Secondary cystitis is rarely an independent disease. In order to block the inflammatory process in the urinary tract in time, it is necessary to identify the underlying disease in a timely manner.
First aid for cystitis
Of course, at the first signs of cystitis, you should immediately consult a doctor. But at the initial stage, the disease often goes unnoticed, and the obvious symptoms are so acute that they cannot be tolerated. To quickly get rid of pain, antispasmodics or any suitable painkillers are suitable - Drotaverine, Ketorol, Pentalgin, Nurofen.
To provoke the withdrawal of the infection from the urinary tract, an abundant warm drink is used - at least two liters of fluid per day. From strong tea, coffee, soda and packaged store juices are refused during the problem period.
Despite the abundance of antibiotics that act for cystitis, you should not prescribe them yourself. It is better to replace medicines with natural decoctions of calendula, bearberry, chamomile, lingonberry, nettle, St. John's wort and yarrow.
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Be sure to consult with your physician.
One of the most common reasons for visiting a doctor is urinary tract infections in women. The fair sex is more likely to face this problem due to the anatomical features of the body. The urinary canal is located in close proximity to the vagina and anus. This contributes to the rapid movement of pathogenic organisms in the genitourinary system.
What are infections?
Infection is an infection with a pathogenic microorganism that negatively affects a specific organ system, in this case the genitourinary system. In the absence of diagnosis and timely therapy, the infection causes inflammatory complications. Ignoring the disease leads to a transition to a chronic course, which negatively affects all areas of human life. Inflammation of the urinary tract can have unpleasant complications for women.
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Causes and types
Inflammatory processes occur as a result of the entry or active reproduction of pathogens in one or more organs.
The cause and route of infection are very different. Unlike sexually transmitted diseases, urinary tract infections can result from reduced immunity or organ injury. The most common factors are:
- neglect of personal hygiene;
- unprotected sex;
- reduced immunity;
- hypothermia;
- stress;
- pathogen transfer from other infected organs;
Diseases of the genitourinary system are characterized by the presence of infection in one or more of its organs. Depending on the concentration of pathogenic microorganisms, they are divided into: infections of the upper urinary tract and infections of the lower urinary tract. They cause such diseases:
Pathogenic microorganisms can cause salpingitis.- glomerulonephritis;
- pyelonephritis;
- cystitis;
- adnexitis;
- salpingitis;
- endometritis;
- epididymitis;
- urethritis;
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pathogens
There are many microorganisms that can cause diseases of the genitourinary tract. They are differentiated as: pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic. The first become the cause of the disease when it enters one or another organ. Opportunistic pathogens can be part of the normal flora of a woman, but under a certain set of circumstances (trauma, decreased immunity), they multiply and cause an infectious-inflammatory process. Medicine distinguishes the following types of pathogens:
- ureoplasma;
- mycoplasma;
- pale treponema;
- fungal microorganisms;
- chlamydia;
- intestinal and Pseudomonas aeruginosa;
- trichomonas;
- listeria;
- klebsiella;
- Proteus;
- cocci;
Sometimes the inflammatory process occurs against the background of another disease, for example, in the context of herpes, papillomavirus and cytomegalovirus. Most of the above pathogenic organisms can migrate in the human body along with the blood and cause diseases of various organs and systems. The risk of getting infected increases when a woman begins to live sexually, since almost all infections are sexually transmitted.
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Symptoms of urinary tract infections in women
Diseases of the genitourinary system in women have extensive symptoms. Some infections present with specific symptoms and signs, while others are asymptomatic. There are also hidden infections, they are characterized by a complete absence of symptoms. Often, the patient finds out about the presence of a latent infection by chance, having passed a general urine test during pregnancy or before surgery. Symptoms of the disease include:
- unusual vaginal discharge;
- discharge from the urethra;
- the process of urination is accompanied by burning, pain;
- discomfort during intercourse;
- itching of the genitals;
- swelling of the external genitalia and anus;
- lower abdominal pain;
- lumbar pain;
- the appearance of formations on the genitals;
- impurities of blood and pus in the urine;
- elevated temperature.
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How are women's infections different from men's?
Medicine divides infections into “male” and “female” according to the specifics of the course of diseases, but the causative agents of inflammatory processes are the same in both sexes.
Vesiculitis refers only to male diseases.
Due to differences in the structure of male urinary organs and female, the disease is localized in different places. Exclusively "male" diseases are: balanoposthitis (inflammatory process of the head of the penis and its foreskin), prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate gland), vesiculitis (inflammatory process of the seminal vesicles) and balanitis (inflammation of the head). The symptoms of some diseases are also different. This is due to the natural anatomy, lifestyle and culture of human nutrition. However, differences in the course of the disease does not indicate different pathogens.
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General signs
infectious disease has common signs in both sexes. As a rule, patients feel discomfort when urinating. The inflamed mucous tissue of the urethra reacts with a burning sensation to the ingress of urine. Uncharacteristic discharge from the urethra is also characteristic, both in men and women. Pyelonephritis, manifested by lumbar pain. Sometimes, with an infectious disease, the temperature rises. The appearance of neoplasms on the skin, or on the external genital organs, can also serve as the onset of the disease, regardless of gender.
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Differences in the course of some diseases
Statistically, inflammation of the genitourinary system occurs more frequently in women than in men. The fact is that the female urethra is only 4-5 cm long, while the length of the male is 11-16 cm. Infections that enter the body of a woman rise faster and affect the bladder and kidneys. However, it is precisely due to the relatively long urethra that inflammation of the ureter in men is more acute and takes much longer to heal. In women, the course of this disease is less noticeable, so it often becomes chronic. Also, the fair sex is more likely to have latent genitourinary infections. Due to the absence of symptoms, women are more likely to carry pathogens than men.
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Diagnosis of diseases of the genitourinary system
To make a diagnosis, you need to take a general blood test.The topic of infections of the urogenital tract is well studied and, as a rule, a specialist does not have problems with their detection. As a rule, the doctor collects information about the symptoms and conducts an examination. Further, appoints a number of clinical and laboratory studies. Standard analyzes include:
- general clinical blood and urine tests;
- radioimmunoassay;
- bacteriological culture;
- immunofluorescence reaction;
- test provocation;
- computer research;
Special tests are also prescribed to determine the sensitivity of bacteria to certain antibiotics. The results obtained give a complete picture of the type of pathogen, the stage of development of the disease, its impact on other organs and systems of the human body. After establishing an accurate diagnosis, the doctor develops a treatment regimen.
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Methods of treatment
In the treatment of diseases of the urinary system, a complex scheme is prescribed, which consists of drug treatment, dietary nutrition and a certain drinking regimen. Early diagnosis of infectious diseases, elimination of the cause and implementation of preventive measures help to quickly cure the disease with minimal consequences for the body.
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General principles
All therapeutic measures are prescribed by a doctor.Treatment of the genitourinary system is aimed at the destruction of infectious pathogens, the removal of inflammatory processes, the restoration of a healthy flora of the organ and the prevention of disease in the future. Correct therapy is developed only by the doctor and the task of the patient is to strictly follow it. Proper treatment of diseases of the genitourinary system helps to prevent their occurrence in the future.
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Antibiotics
The main drugs used for infections are antibiotic drugs. The necessary tablets are selected based on the sensitivity of the pathogenic microorganism to a particular type of antibiotic.
The medicine is taken in a course, the duration of which is determined by the doctor, depending on the degree of development of the disease. It is extremely important to completely drink the required amount of the drug. Even if all manifestations of the disease have passed, this does not mean that the patient has got rid of all pathogens. When antibiotic treatment is interrupted, pathogenic microorganisms may develop resistance to the drug and repeated treatment will not bring results. Traditionally, inflammation of the urinary tract is treated with antibiotics such as:
- Ampicillin;
- Amoxiclav;
- Amoxicillin;
- Cephalexin;
- Biseptol;
- Ceftriaxone;
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Pain Remedies
To relieve pain, Baralgin is prescribed.Diseases of the urinary system are accompanied by pain, which significantly affects the quality of life of the patient. In order to relieve or relieve pain, antispasmodics and painkillers are used. Among the most common: "No-shpa", "Drotaverin", "Baralgin" and "Pentalgin". It should be noted that these drugs relieve pain symptoms, but do not treat the root cause of the disease.
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Other drugs
In combination with antibiotics, antiseptics, immunomodulators and vitamins are used. Antiseptics, such as iodine, chlorhexidine and a solution of potassium permanganate, are applied topically for external damage to the external genitalia and mucosal tissues. A very important role in the treatment is played by supporting and strengthening drugs. Antibiotics, in addition to pathogens, also destroy beneficial bacteria, which disrupts the flora of the body, which, as a result, causes fungal infections and upset the digestive system.
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Treatment with folk remedies
Pathologies can be treated folk remedies. It is worth treating infectious diseases with herbs carefully and after consulting a doctor. As a rule, herbs that have a diuretic effect are used, with their help, pathogenic organisms will quickly exit through the urinary tract. Among them are lingonberries, rose hips, cranberries and chicory. Herbs such as chamomile and horsetail have soothing and antiseptic properties. The herb lungwort has tannic properties, and treats inflammation of the mucous tissues of the bladder and other organs.
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Diet for diseases of the genitourinary system
During treatment, it is important to abandon smoked foods.The genitourinary system responds positively to compliance certain system nutrition in parallel with the main therapy.
The patient is advised to limit the use of spicy dishes, pickles and smoked meats. An excess of spices irritates the inflamed mucosa and prevents the complete release of fluid from the body. It is also recommended to drink at least 2 liters of water, this will stimulate the work of the kidneys and help to ensure that the genitourinary infection comes out.
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Possible Complications
A urinary tract infection is fraught with unpleasant consequences. The most common is the transition of diseases to chronic forms. Untreated ailments lead to impaired reproductive function, intimate sphere, pregnancy pathologies, kidney failure, and in severe cases, death. The decision not to treat an infectious disease is irresponsible in relation to the sexual partner. After all, almost any urinary tract infection is transmitted during sexual intercourse.
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Preventive actions
Prevention of diseases of the urinary system includes a number of simple rules and measures:
- active lifestyle;
- proper nutrition;
- taking vitamins;
- timely completion of scheduled medical examinations;
- rejection of uncomfortable synthetic underwear;
- condom use;
A very important factor in prevention is the appeal to a qualified specialist when the first symptoms of the disease occur. Reporting the disorder and treating it early gives the most favorable outcome and reduces the risk of recurrence later on. Compliance with these simple principles will help prevent diseases of the genitourinary tract.
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Urinary system of women
If we talk about how the urinary system of a woman is arranged, then it practically does not differ from the male, the main difference is the length and function of the urethra. If the length of the female urethra is only 3-5 cm, then in men in a calm state the length of the urethra can be 20-23 cm. The purpose of the female urethra is to remove urine from the body, and the male also ejects sperm. All this leads to the fact that inflammation of the genitourinary system in women is more common.
Urine is collected first in the kidneys, which pass about 200 liters of blood per day, while it is cleansed of toxins and toxins. After such filtration, 1.5-2 liters of urine is formed. It accumulates in the renal pelvis, then it enters the bladder through the ureter and is excreted from the body through the urethra.
If we talk about the reproductive system, then it has both external and internal genital organs. Inside the small pelvis is the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries.
Infections of the genitourinary system in women are the main causes that cause inflammatory diseases. These pathologies can be both gynecological and urological and are quite dangerous for the female body. Inflammation of the genitourinary system can lead not only to violations of the process of urination and menstrual irregularities, they can also provoke the development of an ectopic pregnancy, and often the development of infertility.
Diseases of the genitourinary system
If a woman did not notice the symptoms of the development of the inflammatory process in time and did not completely cure the acute form of the disease, it can turn into a chronic form, which will worsen from time to time and bring problems and discomfort to the woman.
Diseases of the genitourinary system, which are inflammatory in nature, are caused by pathogens of the following pathologies:
- gonorrhea, syphilis or trichomoniasis;
- chlamydia, mycoplasmosis;
- tuberculosis and herpes;
- thrush.
In addition to the cases described, an inflammatory process can also be provoked by conditionally pathogenic microbes, for example, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, and others.
Which disease a woman begins to develop depends largely on where exactly these uninvited guests “settle”.
If they enter the vagina, then inflammation of its mucous membrane develops. This disease is called vaginitis. In the event that microbes settle in the urethra, urethritis develops.
With the development of an inflammatory process in the bladder, a disease called cystitis develops. Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the uterus is called endometritis, and if the infection is in the appendages, then adnexitis develops. Pyelonephritis is an inflammation of the renal pelvis.
Symptoms of inflammatory processes
Symptoms of inflammation that occur in the female genitourinary system may vary. The organs of the female reproductive and urinary systems are located close and interact with each other. If the inflammation began in one place, it spreads very quickly to the organs that are located nearby.
Most often, women suffer from cystitis, as their urethra is short and located near the anus and vagina, which allows germs to easily enter the bladder.
A woman can bring the infection into the urethra, and then into the bladder, if she does not follow the rules of personal hygiene. This can also happen during intercourse or as a result of an injury to the vulva.
Symptoms of urethritis are much less common, cystitis develops more often, since the urethra is very short. Even if the infection has got into it, then it is washed out from there with a powerful stream of urine.
The main symptoms of cystitis: during urination, a woman has a strong burning sensation and pain, often the urge to urinate is false, just a few drops of urine come out, a feeling of heaviness and discomfort appears in the suprapubic part. In addition, the symptoms of cystitis can be in the form of an increase in body temperature, a general deterioration in health.
If you do not start treating cystitis in time, inflammation can develop and pyelonephritis will begin. In addition to the symptoms already described, a woman develops pain in the lower back and lateral sections of the abdomen, often nausea, which ends in vomiting.
If the inflamed organs of the urinary system are not treated, it is more likely that the inflammation will spread to the organs of the reproductive system, as a result of which a disease such as endometritis or vaginitis, adnexitis may develop.
The initial task of the attending physician is to determine the causative agent of the disease, for this a urinalysis is performed, a swab is taken from the vagina and urethra, and bakposev is prescribed.
As an additional diagnostic method, an examination of the bladder can be performed using a special probe. An ultrasound examination, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are performed, and an X-ray examination can also be prescribed.
To identify diseases of the genitourinary system, there are many diagnostic methods that allow you to correctly diagnose, after which the doctor determines an effective treatment regimen.
Treatment Methods
Treatment of the genitourinary system involves drugs that fight infection, that is, antibiotics. You cannot prescribe such drugs on your own, they must be prescribed by a doctor, and he also determines the time of treatment. It is impossible to stop the course of treatment earlier, even if it seems that you are already completely healthy.
If you take antibiotics incorrectly or finish taking them before the specified time, you can only harm the body. Pathogenic microbes in this case are not completely destroyed, they develop resistance to the antibiotic used, and the next time it will be ineffective, and the disease can become chronic.
Together with antibiotics, the doctor may prescribe medications that increase immunity, relieve inflammation, certain vitamins and trace elements can be prescribed.
In addition to drug treatment, you will also have to follow a diet, you will have to limit yourself to taking spicy food, you need to drink at least 2 liters of water per day. As an auxiliary treatment, traditional medicine can also be used, but everything must first be agreed with the attending physician.
Preventive actions
Even in the case when the treatment is carried out correctly and effectively, if certain rules are not followed, there is a high probability of a relapse of the disease.
Hypothermia of the body should not be allowed, underwear should not only be comfortable and not squeeze the genitals, but also made of natural materials, it is better to refuse synthetic underwear.
When using sanitary napkins, the time limits specified by the manufacturer must not be exceeded. Be sure to observe personal hygiene, it is best to wash the genitals after each visit to the toilet, if this is not always possible, then this must be done in the morning and evening. Urinate before and after intercourse to prevent the spread of infection.
Do not allow injury to organs that are part of the genitourinary system. In order to avoid stagnation of blood in the small pelvis, one must be active, exercise moderately, walk more. If you notice the first signs of the development of these diseases, you should immediately consult a doctor. The sooner this is done, the faster, easier and more effective treatment is.
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What are urinary infections?
Infectious diseases are understood as pathologies that are caused by certain microorganisms and proceed with the development of an inflammatory reaction, which can result in a complete recovery or a chronic process, when periods of relative well-being alternate with exacerbations.
What diseases are among them?
Often patients and some medical workers put an equal sign between the genitourinary infections and diseases. However, such representations do not quite accurately reflect the essence of each term. The World Health Organization recommends referring specific clinical nosologies to genitourinary infections, in which an organ of the reproductive or urinary system is affected. Moreover, pathogens can be different. And sexually transmitted diseases include a group that has an appropriate distribution path, but can affect many organs, and the division of infections is determined according to the type of pathogen. Thus, we are talking about classifications according to different criteria. According to the recommendations of the World Health Organization, the following diseases are understood as genitourinary infections:
- urethritis (inflammation of the urethra);
- cystitis (inflammation of the bladder);
- pyelonephritis or glomerulonephritis (inflammation of the kidneys);
- adnexitis (inflammation of the ovaries);
- salpingitis (inflammation of the fallopian tubes);
- endometritis (inflammation of the uterine mucosa);
- balanitis (inflammation of the glans penis);
- balanoposthitis (inflammation of the head and foreskin of the penis);
- prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate);
- vesiculitis (inflammation of seminal vesicles);
- epididymitis (inflammation of the epididymis).
Thus, genitourinary infections concern exclusively the organs that make up these systems of the human body.
What pathogens cause urinary tract infections?
Urinary infections can be caused huge amount microorganisms, among which there are purely pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic. Pathogenic microbes always cause an infectious disease, and are never part of the normal human microflora. Conditionally pathogenic microorganisms are normally part of the microflora, but do not cause an infectious-inflammatory process. With the onset of any predisposing factors (falling immunity, severe somatic diseases, viral infection, trauma to the skin and mucous membranes, etc.), opportunistic microorganisms become pathogenic and lead to an infectious-inflammatory process.
Most often, genitourinary infections are caused by the following pathogens:
- gonococcus;
- mycoplasma;
- ureaplasma;
- chlamydia;
- trichomonas;
- pale treponema (syphilis);
- sticks (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa);
- fungi (candidiasis);
- klebsiella;
- listeria;
- coliform bacteria;
- Proteus;
- viruses (herpes, cytomegalovirus, papillomavirus, etc.).
To date, these microbes are the main factors in the development of genitourinary infections. At the same time, cocci, E. coli and fungi of the genus Candida are classified as conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, all the rest are pathogenic. All these microorganisms cause the development of an infectious-inflammatory process, but each has its own characteristics.
Classification of infections: specific and non-specific
The division of urinary tract infection into specific and non-specific is based on the type of inflammatory reaction, the development of which is provoked by the causative microorganism. Thus, a number of microbes form inflammation with hallmarks, inherent only to this pathogen and this infection, therefore it is called specific. If the microorganism causes the usual inflammation without any specific symptoms and features of the course, then we are talking about a non-specific infection.
Specific infections of the genitourinary organs include those caused by the following microorganisms:
1.
Gonorrhea.
2.
Trichomoniasis.
3.
Syphilis.
4.
Mixed infection.
This means that, for example, urethritis caused by syphilis or gonorrhea is specific. Mixed infection is a combination of several pathogens of a specific infection with the formation of a severe inflammatory process.
Nonspecific infections of the urogenital area are caused by the following microorganisms:
- cocci (staphylococci, streptococci);
- sticks (Escherichia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa);
- viruses (eg herpes, cytomegalovirus, etc.);
- chlamydia;
- gardnerella;
- ureaplasma;
- fungi of the genus Candida.
These pathogens lead to the development of an inflammatory process, which is typical and does not have any features. Therefore, for example, adnexitis caused by chlamydia or staphylococci will be called non-specific.
Ways of infection
Today, three main groups of pathways have been identified in which infection with genitourinary infections is possible:
1.
Dangerous sexual contact of any type (vaginal, oral, anal) without the use of barrier contraceptives (condom).
2.
The ascent of the infection (the entry of microbes from the skin into the urethra or vagina, and the rise to the kidneys or ovaries) as a result of neglecting the rules of hygiene.
3.
Transfer with blood and lymph flow from other organs in which there are various diseases of inflammatory origin (caries, pneumonia, influenza, colitis, enteritis, tonsillitis, etc.).
Many pathogenic microorganisms have an affinity for a particular organ, the inflammation of which they cause. Other microbes have an affinity for several organs, so they can form inflammation either in one, or in another, or in all at once. For example, angina is often caused by group B streptococcus, which has an affinity for the tissues of the kidneys and tonsils, that is, it can cause glomerulonephritis or tonsillitis. For what reasons this type of streptococcus settles in the tonsils or kidneys has not been clarified to date. However, having caused a sore throat, streptococcus can reach the kidneys with blood flow, and also provoke glomerulonephritis.
Differences in the course of genitourinary infections in men and women
Men and women have different genitals, which is understandable and known to everyone. The structure of the organs of the urinary system (bladder, urethra) also has significant differences and different surrounding tissues.
The urethra (urethra) of men is three to four times longer than the female. Due to the length of the male urethra, its inflammation (urethritis) is more difficult to treat and takes more time. Urethritis in women is cured faster and easier. But such a length of the urethra in men is a kind of barrier, protection against penetration genital infection to the upper urinary tract, such as the bladder and kidneys. The short and wide urethra of women does not pose a serious obstacle to the ascent of the infection, therefore, the fairer sex is more likely to develop complications of primary urethritis - cystitis, pyelonephritis, adnexitis and salpingitis.
That is why men mostly suffer from urethritis and prostatitis. Cystitis, pyelonephritis or glomerulonephritis are less common in men than in women, and the cause of these pathologies is more often structural features, diet, lifestyle, etc. Most often, inflammation of the glans penis or its foreskin, as well as cystitis and nonspecific urethritis , in addition to an infectious cause, may be associated with anal sex and ignoring the rules of personal hygiene.
Urethritis in men appears sharper and more acute than in women. Representatives of the stronger sex suffer from pain, pain and burning throughout the entire urethra when trying to urinate, as well as a feeling of heaviness in the perineum.
Due to the short urethra in women, the infection easily ascends to the bladder and kidneys. In addition, women are characterized by a milder and latent course of genitourinary infections, compared with men. Therefore, women often have a symptom of a latent genitourinary infection - bacteriuria (the presence of bacteria in the urine against the background of the absence of any symptoms and signs of the disease). Usually asymptomatic bacteriuria is not treated. The only exceptions are cases of preoperative preparation or pregnancy.
Due to the latent forms of the course of genitourinary infection, women are more likely than men to be carriers of diseases, often without knowing about their presence.
General signs
Consider the symptoms and features of the most common urinary tract infections. Any genitourinary infection is accompanied by the development of the following symptoms:
- soreness and discomfort in the organs of the genitourinary system;
- tingling sensation;
- the presence of discharge from the vagina in women, from the urethra - in men and women;
- various urination disorders (burning, itching, difficulty, increased frequency, etc.);
- the appearance of unusual structures on the external genitalia (raids, film, vesicles, papillomas, condylomas).
In the case of the development of a specific infection, the following signs are added to the above signs:
1.
Purulent discharge from the urethra or vagina.
2.
Frequent urination in gonorrhea or trichomoniasis.
3.
Sore with dense edges and enlarged lymph nodes in syphilis.
If the infection is nonspecific, then the symptoms may be more subtle, less noticeable. A viral infection leads to the appearance of some unusual structures on the surface of the external genital organs - vesicles, sores, warts, etc.
Symptoms and features of the course of various urinary tract infections
bodies
And now let's take a closer look at how this or that infection of the genitourinary system manifests itself, so that you can navigate and consult a doctor in time for qualified help.
Urethritis
This condition is an inflammation of the urethra. Urethritis develops acutely, and is manifested by the following unpleasant symptoms:
- burning and sharp severe pain during urination;
- feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder;
- increased burning and pain towards the end of the urination process;
- a burning sensation is localized in women mainly in the area of the end of the urethra (outside), and in men - along the entire length of the urethra;
- frequent urge to urinate after 15-20 minutes;
- the appearance of discharge from the urethra of a mucous or mucopurulent nature, which cause redness of the surface of the skin of the perineum or penis around the external opening of the urethra;
- the appearance of drops of blood at the end of the urination process;
- adhesion of the external opening of the urethra;
- pain during erection in men;
- the appearance of leukocytes in large numbers in the general analysis of urine;
- cloudy urine of the color of "meat slops".
Along with the listed specific symptoms of urethritis, general symptoms may be observed. infectious disease- headaches, fatigue, weakness, sleep disturbance, etc.
Urethritis develops when a microorganism enters the lumen of the urethra as a result of sexual intercourse of any type (oral, vaginal or anal), the introduction of a microbe from the surface of the skin of the perineum, ignoring personal hygiene measures, or as a result of bringing bacteria with blood or lymph. The path of introducing an infectious agent with blood and lymph into the urethra is most often observed in the presence of chronic foci of infection in the body, for example, periodontitis or tonsillitis.
Urethritis can be acute, subacute and torpid. In the acute course of urethritis, all symptoms are strongly pronounced, the clinical picture is bright, the person experiences a significant deterioration in the quality of life. The subacute form of urethritis is characterized by mild symptoms, among which a slight burning sensation, tingling during urination and an itching sensation prevail. Other symptoms may be completely absent. The torpid form of urethritis is characterized by a periodic feeling of mild discomfort at the very beginning of the act of urination. Torpid and subacute forms of urethritis present certain difficulties for diagnosis. From the urethra, a pathogenic microbe can rise higher and cause cystitis or pyelonephritis.
After the onset, urethritis occurs with damage to the mucous membrane of the urethra, as a result of which the epithelium is reborn into a different form. If therapy is started on time, then urethritis can be completely cured. As a result, after healing or self-healing, the urethral mucosa is restored, but only partially. Unfortunately, some areas of the changed mucous membrane of the urethra will remain forever. If there is no cure for urethritis, then the process becomes chronic.
Chronic urethritis proceeds sluggishly, periods of relative calm and exacerbations alternate, the symptoms of which are the same as in acute urethritis. An exacerbation can have varying degrees of severity, and therefore, a different intensity of symptoms. Usually patients feel a slight burning and tingling in the urethra during urination, itching, a small amount of mucopurulent discharge and gluing of the external opening of the urethra, especially after a night's sleep. There may also be an increase in the frequency of going to the toilet.
Urethritis is most often caused by gonococci (gonorrheal), Escherichia coli, ureaplasma, or chlamydia.
More about urethritis
Cystitis
This disease is an inflammation of the bladder. Cystitis can develop as a result of exposure to a number of adverse factors:
- irregular flow of urine (congestion);
- urolithiasis disease;
- neoplasms in the bladder;
- hypothermia;
- food with a large amount of smoked, salty and spicy foods in the diet;
- alcohol intake;
- ignoring the rules of personal hygiene;
- the introduction of an infectious agent from other organs (for example, the kidneys or urethra).
Cystitis, like any other inflammatory process, can occur in acute or chronic form.
Acute cystitis is manifested by the following symptoms:
- frequent urination (after 10-15 minutes);
- small portions of excreted urine;
- cloudy urine;
- pain when urinating;
- pains of a different nature, located above the pubis, intensifying towards the end of urination.
The pain above the pubis can be dull, pulling, cutting or burning. Cystitis in women is most often caused by Escherichia coli (80% of all cystitis) or staphylococcus aureus (10-15% of all cystitis), which is part of the skin microflora. Less often, cystitis is caused by other microorganisms that can be brought in with blood or lymph flow, drift from the urethra or kidneys.
Usually, cystitis is acute and well treated. Therefore, the development of repeated cystitis some time after the primary attack is due to secondary infection. However, acute cystitis may not result in a complete cure, but in a chronic process.
Chronic cystitis occurs with alternating periods of well-being and periodic exacerbations, the symptoms of which are identical to those of the acute form of the disease.
More about cystitis
Pyelonephritis
This disease is an inflammation of the renal pelvis. The first manifestation of pyelonephritis often develops during pregnancy, when the kidney is compressed by the enlarging uterus. Also, during pregnancy, chronic pyelonephritis is almost always exacerbated. In addition to these reasons, pyelonephritis can be formed due to infection from the bladder, urethra, or from other organs (for example, with tonsillitis, influenza or pneumonia). Pyelonephritis can develop in both kidneys at the same time, or affect only one organ.
The first attack of pyelonephritis is usually acute, and is characterized by the presence of the following symptoms:
- temperature rise;
- soreness on the lateral surface of the waist and abdomen;
- feeling of pulling in the abdomen;
- urinalysis reveals leukocytes, bacteria, or casts.
As a result of adequate therapy, pyelonephritis is cured. If the inflammation has not been adequately treated, then the infection becomes chronic. Then the pathology mostly proceeds without pronounced symptoms, sometimes disturbing with exacerbations of lower back pain, fever and bad analysis urine.
Vaginitis
This disease is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the vagina. Most often, vaginitis is combined with inflammation of the vaginal vestibule. This symptom complex is called vulvovaginitis. Vaginitis can develop under the influence of many microbes - chlamydia, gonococci, Trichomonas, fungi, etc. However, vaginitis of any cause is characterized by the following symptoms:
- unusual vaginal discharge (increase in amount, change in color or smell);
- itching, feeling of irritation of the vagina;
- pressure and feeling of fullness of the vagina;
- pain during sexual contact;
- pain during urination;
- easy bleeding;
- redness and swelling of the vulva and vagina.
Let us consider in more detail how the nature of the discharge changes with vaginitis caused by different microbes:
1.
Vaginitis caused by gonococcus causes a thick discharge that is purulent and yellow-white in color.
2.
Trichomonas vaginitis is characterized by secretions of a foamy structure, painted in a greenish-yellow color.
3.
Coccal vaginitis results in a yellow-white discharge.
4.
Candida vaginitis is characterized by cheesy discharge, painted in a gray-white color.
5.
Gardnerellosis imparts a rotten fish odor to vaginal discharge.
Acute vaginitis is characterized by a strong severity of symptoms, and chronic vaginitis is characterized by more blurred signs. The chronic form of the disease lasts for many years, recurring against the background of viral infections, hypothermia, alcohol intake, during menstruation or pregnancy.
More about vaginitis
Adnexitis
This disease is an inflammation of the ovaries in women, which can be acute or chronic. Acute adnexitis is characterized by the following symptoms:
- soreness in the lower abdomen;
- pain in the lumbar region;
- temperature rise;
- tense abdominal wall in the lower part;
- pressure on the abdomen is painful;
- sweating;
- headache;
- various urination disorders;
- violation of the menstrual cycle;
- pain during intercourse.
Chronic adnexitis occurs with alternating periods of remissions and exacerbations. During periods of exacerbation, the symptoms of chronic adnexitis are the same as in the acute process. Negative factors are similar: fatigue, stress, cooling, serious illness - all this leads to exacerbations of chronic adnexitis. The menstrual cycle changes markedly:
- the appearance of pain during menstruation;
- an increase in their number;
- an increase in the duration of bleeding;
- Rarely, menstruation is shortened and becomes scanty.
More about adnexitis
This disease is an inflammation of the fallopian tubes, which can be provoked by staphylococci, streptococci, Escherichia coli, Proteus, gonococci, Trichomonas, chlamydia and fungi. Usually salpingitis is the result of the action of several microbes at the same time.
Microbes in the fallopian tubes can be introduced from the vagina, appendix, sigmoid colon, or from other organs, with the blood or lymph flow. Acute salpingitis is manifested by the following symptoms:
- pain in the sacrum and lower abdomen;
- spread of pain in the rectum;
- rise in temperature;
- weakness;
- headache;
- urination disorders;
- an increase in the number of leukocytes in the blood.
The acute process gradually subsides, completely cured or becomes chronic. Chronic salpingitis is usually manifested by constant pain in the lower abdomen in the absence of other symptoms. With a relapse of the disease, all the symptoms of an acute process develop again.
More about salpingitis
Prostatitis
This disease is an inflammation of the male prostate gland. Prostatitis very often has a chronic course, and acute is quite rare. Men are concerned about discharge from the urethra that occurs during defecation or urination. There are also extremely unpleasant sensations that cannot be accurately described and characterized. They are associated with itching in the urethra, soreness of the perineum, scrotum, groin, pubis or sacrum. In the morning, patients note adhesion of the outer part of the urethra. Often, prostatitis leads to an increase in the number of urination at night.
More about prostatitis
This disease is characterized by inflammation of the seminal vesicles in men, which usually develops against the background of prostatitis or epididymitis. The clinic of vesiculitis is very modest: men complain of pain in the pelvis, discomfort and a feeling of fullness in the perineum, mild soreness in the groin, sacrum and testicles. Sometimes discomfort during urination is possible. Chronic vesiculitis disrupts sexual function - erectile weakness and early ejaculation occur. As a rule, vesiculitis is the result of a mixed infection.
Epididymitis
This disease is characterized by inflammation of the tissues of the epididymis. Epididymitis develops against the background of urethritis, prostatitis or vesiculitis. It can be acute, subacute and chronic. Pathology may be accompanied by the following clinical signs:
- redness of the skin of the scrotum;
- the scrotum on the affected side is hot to the touch;
- a tumor-like formation is palpated in the scrotum;
- violation of sexual function;
- deterioration in sperm quality.
More about epididymitis
Tests to detect urinary infection
To correctly diagnose a genitourinary infection, the doctor resorts to questioning, examination, palpation and listening, as well as instrumental and laboratory methods. During the questioning, the specialist finds out in detail all the patient's complaints, the duration of the symptoms, their characteristics, connection with any actions, etc. Then he examines the patient's urinary organs, noting all the characteristics. Further, the patient can be referred for ultrasound, cystoscopy, ureteroscopy, computed tomography, etc.
One of the most important diagnostic tools is laboratory tests. To detect a genitourinary infection, it is necessary to pass a general and special (Nechiporenko test, three-glass, etc.) urinalysis, a complete blood count, blood biochemistry and a smear of the discharge of the urethra, vagina or rectum. A smear can determine the type of pathogen in the case of gonorrhea, trichomoniasis or syphilis. If these tests are not enough to determine the causative agent of the infection, then resort to the following methods:
- Serological reactions (RSK, MRP, RPHA, etc.);
- enzyme immunoassay (ELISA);
- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR);
- Bacteriological seeding on the environment;
- radioimmunoassay;
- Immunofluorescence reaction;
- The test is a provocation.
These techniques allow you to identify the type of causative agent of the genitourinary infection, determine its sensitivity to antibiotics, on the basis of which the doctor will be able to prescribe an effective treatment.
Principles of treatment
Therapy of genitourinary infections has several aspects:
1.
It is necessary to use etiotropic therapy (drugs that kill the microbe pathogen).
2.
If possible, use immunostimulating drugs.
3.
It is rational to combine and take a number of drugs (for example, painkillers) that reduce unpleasant symptoms that significantly reduce the quality of life.
The choice of a specific etiotropic drug (antibiotic, sulfanilamide, uroantiseptic) is determined by the type of microbe-causative agent and the characteristics of the pathological process: its severity, localization, extent of the lesion. In some complex cases of mixed infection, surgery will be required, during which the affected area is removed, since the microbes that caused the pathological process are very difficult to neutralize and stop the further spread of the infection. Depending on the severity of the urinary tract infection, drugs may be taken by mouth, intramuscularly, or intravenously.
In addition to systemic antibacterial agents, in the treatment of genitourinary infections, local antiseptic agents (potassium permanganate solution, chlorhexidine, iodine solution, etc.) are often used, which treat the affected surfaces of organs.
If there is a suspicion of a severe infection caused by several microorganisms, doctors prefer to administer intravenous strong antibiotics - Ampicillin, Ceftazidime, etc. If urethritis or cystitis occurs without complications, then it is quite enough to take a course of taking Bactrim or Augmentin tablets.
When a person is re-infected after a complete cure, the course of treatment is identical to the course for primary acute infection. But if we are talking about a chronic infection, then the course of treatment will be longer - at least 1.5 months, since a shorter period of taking medications does not completely remove the microbe and stop inflammation. Most often, re-infection is observed in women, therefore, representatives of the weaker sex are recommended to use antiseptic solutions (for example, chlorhexidine) after sexual contact for prevention. In men, as a rule, the causative agent of the infection remains in the prostate for quite a long time, so they are more likely to have relapses rather than re-infections.
Drugs that are often used to treat major genitourinary infections in men and women, and which have a good therapeutic effect, are presented in the table:
Genitourinary infection | Medicines for treatment |
Urethritis | Local: antiseptics (potassium permanganate solution, Miramistin, Protargol, Vagotil) and immunomodulators (Polyoxidonium, Cycloferon). |
Inside: antibiotics (Amoxiclav, Abaktal, Ciprofloxacin), immunomodulators (Flogenzym, Urovaxone), homeopathic (Canephron N, Gentos, Cyston). | |
Cystitis | Antibiotics and uroantiseptics: Biseptol, Amosin, Negram, Macmirror, Nitroxoline, Cedex, Monural. |
Painkillers: Buscopan, No-shpa, Spazmotsistenal. | |
Phytopreparations: Canephron N, Cyston. | |
Pyelonephritis | Antibiotics: Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Cefalexin, Cefuroxime, Biseptol, Gentamicin, Imipinem, Ciprofloxacin. |
Phytopreparations: Canephron N, Cyston. |
Healing Control
After a course of treatment for any infectious pathology of the genitourinary organs, it is necessary to make a control bacteriological culture of urine on the medium. In the case of chronic infection, seeding should be repeated three months after the end of the course of therapy.
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Infections of the genitourinary system in women are pathological effects caused by specific harmful microorganisms. Diseases of the urinary tract are characterized by inflammation, which is easy to cure in the initial stage, or if the signs are ignored, it becomes chronic. Which doctor treats diseases? The answer depends only on the scope of the genitourinary system and its stage. It can be a therapist, urologist, gynecologist, infectious disease specialist and even a surgeon.
The female genitourinary system is vulnerable due to its anatomical location.
Diseases of the genitourinary system in women and their symptoms often do not appear immediately, so you should be careful about your body, and when the first signs of illness appear -.
What refers to the organs of the genitourinary system in women?
The genitourinary system is a complex of interconnected human internal organs responsible for the urinary system and the reproductive system.
Women's urinary system includes organs:
- two kidneys located in the abdominal region. A paired organ that fulfills the goal of maintaining the chemical balance in the body. Cleanses it of toxins and harmful substances. There are pelvises on the kidneys - places where urine accumulates, which systematically enters the ureter;
- ureters. The paired tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder
- . An organ that collects urine fluid;
- urethra. An organ that facilitates the exit of urinary fluid from the body to the outside.
Women's reproductive system includes external and internal organs. External include:
- labia large. They are fatty folds of the skin that protect the body from external influences;
- labia small. Folds of skin that are under the large lips. Between the small and large sponges is the genital gap;
- clitoris. It is the organ responsible for sensitivity, has the main function of the erogenous zone. Surrounded by small lips and located under the upper connection of large lips;
- entrance to the vagina. This is a small opening located in front of the lower junction of the labia majora. Protected by the hymen, Bartholin's glands are concentrated between it and the inner lips, which serve to provide lubrication during sexual intercourse.
The internal female genital organs include:
- ovaries. The organ has the form of two oval bodies, which are connected to the body of the uterus from the side of its back wall. The ovaries produce an important hormone for reproduction, as well as for the entire female body - estrogen;
- uterus. The pear-shaped muscular body is located in the pelvic area. Designed for carrying the fetus, as well as for its rejection at birth. In the uterine canal, which passes into the vagina, mucus is concentrated, it helps to protect the organ;
- fallopian (uterine) tubes. Pass from the corners of the uterine fundus to the ovaries, contribute to the advancement of the mature follicle into the uterine cavity;
- vagina. Muscular tubular organ extending from the cervix to the genital slit. It is covered from the inside with a mucous membrane, which provides protection against pathogenic organisms through the secretion of lactic acid.
The state of the urinary system of a woman is controlled by a nephrologist, sexual - by a gynecologist.
Common diseases
Diseases of the female genitourinary organs are most often manifested already at a certain stage of development. If we consider the urinary system, then its most common diseases are:
- . Inflammatory disease that occurs in the kidneys, most often concentrated in the renal pelvis. It can occur both on one kidney and on both. In most cases, it has a bacterial etiology;
- urethritis. The disease is caused by inflammation of the urethra (urethra), caused by a viral infection or the influence of pathogenic bacteria. The course of the disease can take place in the acute stage or in the chronic;
- urolithiasis disease. It is characterized by a large accumulation of salts in the structure of urine, as a result of which calculi are formed in the bladder or in other ureters;
- cystitis. Inflammation of the tissues of the bladder. The mucous membrane can be affected, as a result of which the functioning of the organ is disrupted.
(Image is clickable, click to enlarge)
How to treat cystitis during pregnancy, read our article.
Common diseases of the female reproductive system include:
- vaginitis. Inflammatory process occurring in the mucous membrane of the walls of the vagina. Has a bacterial etiology;
- chlamydia. The disease, as a rule, is transmitted sexually, characterized by the presence of pathogenic bacteria chlamydia in the microflora of the vagina;
- thrush (candidiasis). Fungal pathology, which is caused by the spread of yeast fungi. May affect the mucous membranes of the vagina, skin;
- uterine myoma. Benign formation of hormonal etiology, which can occur inside the uterus or in its outer walls;
- . A benign formation located on the body of the ovary can be transformed into a malignant one;
- cervical erosion. Caused by damage to the epithelium, or the wall of the uterine cervix;
- endometriosis. It is characterized by the growth of the inner mucous layer of the uterus. In some cases, it may spread into the vagina or abdomen.
Any disease of the genitourinary system of women requires treatment. In some cases, surgery is necessary.
When should you see a doctor?
Diseases of the genitourinary system may be asymptomatic only at the initial stage. Most often, signs of the disease can appear as the pathology spreads.
The most common signs of diseases of the genitourinary system of a woman are:
- violation of urination, characterized by too frequent urge (cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis);
- painful urination, as well as pain, pain and smell when emptying the bladder (cystitis, urethritis);
- itching and irritation in the external genitalia (candidiasis, chlamydia);
- swelling of the genital organs (urethritis, candidiasis);
- pain syndromes in the lower back (cystitis, pyelonephritis);
- high temperature (pyelonephritis, chlamydia);
- sensation of a foreign body in the uterus, heaviness (myoma);
- abundant discharge, the presence of ichor in the discharge, the discharge of a curdled structure (thrush, chlamydia);
- pain during intercourse (fibroids);
- bloody veins in the urine (cystitis);
- rashes of a different nature on the genitals;
- abdominal pain (fibroids, endometriosis).
Any diseases of the female genitourinary system sooner or later manifest themselves and cannot proceed latently. If a woman often has a stomach ache, uncharacteristic discharge has appeared, itching or rashes on the genitals are worried, then need to see a doctor immediately.
It is impossible for a woman to independently diagnose the disease, since many diseases can have similar symptoms.
In addition, improper treatment can aggravate the course of the disease, which will negatively affect health.
How to check if there is a disease?
The doctor can prescribe diagnostic measures in accordance with the symptoms with which the woman went to the medical institution:
- After getting acquainted with the patient's complaints, the doctor can hold the abdominal cavity, feel the temperature of the muscles of the lower back and peritoneum.
- During a visual examination, the doctor can detect inflammation of the tissues of the external genital organs, probe neoplasms.
- Examination with a speculum can help visualize the condition of the mucosa.
- Colposcopy helps to determine the condition of the inner lining of the uterus, detect fibroids, erosion, and also take tissue sections for histology.
After examination and palpation, the doctor prescribes the following measures related to to laboratory diagnostics:
- blood, urine (characterizes the presence of inflammatory processes in the blood or urine);
- biochemical blood test (contributes to the detection of renal failure);
- studies of smears from the vagina, urethra (determine the presence or absence of pathogenic microorganisms);
- , cytology (bakposev contributes to the identification of genitourinary infectious agents, cytology determines the presence of infectious and cancerous diseases).
Hardware diagnostic methods give detailed information about the condition and structure of the internal genitourinary organs of a woman:
The complex of diagnostic measures depends on the pathology assumed during the initial examination. The doctor may limit himself to smears and general analysis blood (with candidiasis), or prescribe a range of activities (with renal failure). In accordance with the results obtained, the specialist makes a diagnosis and selects a treatment.
What to treat?
Diseases of the genitourinary system of a woman are most often associated with inflammatory processes. Therefore, to suppress pathogens, one should take antibacterial drug. However, only a doctor can prescribe an antibiotic based on tests and identification of the pathogen.
The course of antibiotics should be drunk completely, otherwise untreated diseases may become chronic.
In addition, along with antibacterial tablets, the doctor may prescribe immunostimulating agents.
Treatment of neoplasms (fibroids, cysts) may be limited to taking hormonal drugs and may lead to surgery.
In addition to medical treatment, you can, with the consent of the doctor, resort to traditional medicine. For this, vegetable preparations and berries are used as decoctions (blueberries, leeks, dill seeds, harrow roots). In addition to decoctions of herbs for inflammation of the urinary tract, a decoction of viburnum with honey is used.
Prevention
In order to prevent female diseases, a girl with early age monitor the hygiene of the genitals: care in the intimate area should be done daily. In addition, it is necessary follow simple rules:
- do not overcool;
- wear cotton underwear;
- use a condom during sexual intercourse.
It is important to eat right, do not get carried away with spices and fatty foods, and exclude alcohol. When diseases occur, they should be treated in time, healthy lifestyle life. Regular visits to the doctor help to detect diseases at an early stage of development.
Compliance with the above measures can protect a woman from various diseases associated with the genitourinary system.
A set of exercises to restore the genitourinary system of women in the video: