Rash syndrome in infectious diseases. Rash - Symptoms - Skin Diseases
A rash is a common type of skin lesion, and quite a catch-all medical term. The rash can vary greatly appearance, and there are many potential causes and a wide range of treatment procedures.
The rash may be local (only in one small part of the body), or cover a large area of the body. The rash comes in many forms: dry, moist, uneven, smooth, scaly, or blistering. It can be painful, itchy, and even change color. Some rashes don't need treatment and go away on their own, some can be treated at home, and others can be a sign of a serious health problem.
One of the most common causes of rashes is contact dermatitis, which occurs when you touch something "unpleasant" for the body. The skin may become red and inflamed, and the rash tends to be reddish. Common causes include:
Dyes in clothes;
cosmetic products;
Poisonous plants such as poison ivy;
Chemicals such as latex or rubber;
Medications. Some medicines can cause rashes in certain people - this can be side effect or an allergic reaction. In addition, some drugs, including some antibiotics, cause sensitivity to sunlight (this reaction is similar to sunburn).
Bacteria, viruses or fungi can also cause a rash. These rashes will vary depending on the type of infection, for example, candidiasis (a common fungal infection) causes itching that appears in skin folds. If you suspect an infection, it is important to see a doctor.
autoimmune condition occurs when the immune system a person begins to attack healthy tissue. There are many similar diseases that can cause a rash. For example, lupus is a condition that affects a number of body systems, including the skin (producing a butterfly-shaped rash on the face).
Rash comes in many forms and develops for many reasons. However, there is key measures that can speed up recovery and make it easier some types of discomfort:
Use mild soap - not scented. These soaps are sometimes advertised for sensitive or baby skin;
Avoid washing hot water- choose warm;
Let the rash breathe - do not cover with a bandage;
Don't rub the rash;
Do not use cosmetics or lotions that may cause/cause a rash;
Avoid scratching to reduce the risk of infection;
Cortisone cream may relieve itching;
If the rash causes mild pain, acetaminophen or ibuprofen may be helpful, but they will not treat the cause of the rash.
It is important to talk to your doctor before taking any medication. Also, be sure to contact a specialist if the rash accompanied by symptoms:
Sore throat;
Joint pain;
If bitten by an animal or insect;
red streaks next to the rash;
sensitive areas near the rash;
The rash is festering.
There are a number of symptoms that require immediately go to the hospital or call an ambulance:
Rapidly changing skin color;
Difficulty breathing or feeling as if your throat is tight;
Increasing or severe pain;
Heat;
Dizziness;
swelling of the face or limbs;
severe pain in the neck or head;
Recurrent vomiting or diarrhea.
Consider 56 possible types of rash
1. Insect bite
Many insects can cause a rash by biting or stinging. While the response will vary by person and insect, symptoms often include:
Redness and rash
Itching
Pain
Tumor - localized at the site of the bite, or more widespread
2. Flea bites
Fleas are tiny jumping insects that can live in the tissues of a home. They have a very fast breeding cycle and can quickly take over a home.
Flea bites on humans often appear as red spots;
The skin may become irritated and sore;
Secondary infections can be caused by scratching.
3. Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum)
Also known as erythema infectious syndrome and slapped cheek syndrome, which is caused by parvovirus B19. One of the symptoms is a rash that appears in three stages:
Glossy red eruption on cheeks, with clusters of red papules;
After 4 days, a network of red marks may appear on the arms and torso;
In the third stage, the rash appears only after exposure to sunlight or heat.
4. Impetigo
Impetigo is a highly contagious skin infection that most commonly affects children. The first sign is usually a patch of red, itchy skin. There are two types of impetigo:
Red spots appear around the mouth and nose;
More rarely, it affects children under 2 years of age. Medium and large blisters appear on the trunk, arms and legs.
5. Shingles
Shingles is an infection of a single nerve, caused by the same virus as chickenpox - the varicella zoster virus. Symptoms include:
The rash is similar to chickenpox;
The blisters may coalesce to form a solid red band;
The rash is often painful.
6. Scabies
Scabies is a skin condition caused by a microscopic mite. It is highly contagious and spreads easily through individual contact. Symptoms include:
Intense itching - often worse at night;
Rash - Appears in lines like petals. Sometimes there are blisters.
Pain - may appear where the rash is scratched.
7. Eczema
Eczema is one of the most common skin conditions and often develops during childhood. Symptoms depend on the type of eczema and the person's age, but they often include:
Dry scaly patches on the skin;
severe itchy rash;
Cracked and rough skin.
8. Seasonal fever
Seasonal fever or allergic rhinitis is an allergic reaction to pollen. Symptoms may be similar to those of a cold, such as:
Runny nose
watery eyes
sneezing
It can also cause a rash similar to mosquito bites.
9 Scarlet Fever
Scarlet fever is a disease caused by a toxin produced by the bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes.
Symptoms include sore throat, rash and fever. The rash has the following characteristics:
red spots
The spots turn into a thin pink-red rash, like a sunburn;
The skin appears rough.
10. Rheumatic fever
Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory response to a streptococcal infection. Most often affects children aged 5-15 years. Symptoms include:
Small, painless lumps under the skin
red skin rash;
Swollen tonsils.
11. Mono (mononucleosis)
Mono or mononucleosis is caused by a virus and is rarely serious, but symptoms can include:
Pink, morbilliform rash;
Pain in the body;
Increased temperature.
12. Ringworm
Ringworm, despite its name, is caused by a fungus. A fungal infection affects the top layer of the skin, scalp, and nails.
Symptoms vary depending on the site of infection, but may include:
Itching, red rash on fingers;
Small patches of scaly skin;
The hair next to the spots come off.
13. Measles
Measles is a contagious infectious disease. Symptoms include:
Reddish brown rash;
Small grayish white spots with bluish white centers in the mouth.
14. Yeast infection (candidiasis)
Candidiasis is a common fungal infection of the genitals. It affects both sexes, but more often women. Symptoms include:
Pain and tenderness in the genital area;
Itching, burning and irritation.
15. Varicose eczema.
It develops due to poor circulation and most often affects the legs. Symptoms include:
Varicose veins covered with itching, dry skin;
red, swollen, painful skin;
Heaviness, soreness of the legs after standing for some time.
16. Rubella
Rubella (otherwise German measles) is an infection caused by the rubella virus. Symptoms include:
Rash - less bright than measles, often begins on the face;
Inflamed, red eyes;
Stuffy nose.
17. Sepsis
Sepsis, often referred to as blood poisoning, is a medical emergency. This is the result of a widespread immune response to infection.
Symptoms vary but may include:
Rash that does not disappear with pressure;
Temperature;
Pulse increase.
18. West Nile virus
Lumpy and/or flat, pink skin rash on the trunk, arms, or legs;
excessive sweating;
19. Lyme disease
A bacterial infection transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected tick. Symptoms include an erythema migraine rash that often appears in the early stages of the disease.
The rash begins as a small red spot that may be warm to the touch but not itchy. The rash does not necessarily appear at the site of the tick bite.
20. Bacterial infection of the deep layer of the skin - the dermis.
Usually occurs when bacteria enter through a break in the skin. Symptoms include:
Skin sores or rash that starts suddenly and grows rapidly
Warm skin around redness;
Fever and fatigue.
21.MRSA
MRSA (methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus) is a bacterial infection that is resistant to a number of antibiotics, making it difficult to treat. Symptoms include:
Swelling and tenderness in the affected part of the body;
Wounds that don't heal.
22. Chickenpox
Chickenpox is an infectious disease caused by the varicella zoster virus. It's unpleasant, but most people get better after a couple of weeks. Symptoms include:
An itchy rash of small red spots first appears on the face and trunk, and then spreads over the whole body;
Then blisters develop on top of the spots;
After 48 hours, the bubbles burst and begin to dry out.
23. Lupus
Lupus is an autoimmune disease. Symptoms vary widely from person to person, but may include:
Crimson form of a rash on the cheeks and bridge of the nose;
Dark red patches or purple, scaly rash on the face, neck, or arms;
Skin sensitivity to the sun.
24. Toxic shock syndrome
Toxic shock syndrome is a rare condition caused by a bacterial infection. It develops rapidly and can be life-threatening.
All people with toxic shock syndrome have a fever and rash with the following characteristics:
Looks like sunburn and covers most body;
Turns white when pressed.
25. Acute HIV infection
In the early stages of HIV, levels of the virus in the blood are very high because the immune system has not yet started fighting the infection. Early symptoms include a rash with the following features:
Mainly affects the upper body;
Not lumpy and rarely itchy patches.
26. Hand-foot-mouth
A childhood illness caused by a viral infection. Symptoms include:
The rash is flat, non-itchy red blisters on the hands and soles of the feet.
Loss of appetite.
Ulcers on the throat, tongue and mouth.
27. Acrodermatitis
A type of psoriasis that is associated with viral infections. Symptoms include:
Itchy purple or red blisters;
Enlarged lymph nodes;
Bloated belly.
May cause a number of complications. Symptoms include:
skin rash in one specific area that is red, itchy, and raised;
Complicated breathing;
Fatigue.
29. Kawasaki disease
A rare syndrome that affects children. It is characterized by inflammation of the walls of the arteries throughout the body. Symptoms include:
Rash on legs, arms and trunk, between genitals and anus;
Rash on soles of feet and palms, sometimes with purifying skin;
Swollen, chapped and dry lips.
30. Syphilis
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection. The disease is treatable, but will not go away on its own. Symptoms vary depending on the stage of the disease and include:
Initially, painless, hard and round syphilitic ulcers;
Later, a red-brown rash that begins to spread throughout the body;
Oral, anal and genital wart-like ulcers.
31. Typhus
Typhoid is caused by a bacterial infection. It spreads rapidly on contact with feces infected person. If left untreated, 25% of cases end in death.
Symptoms may include:
Pink spots, especially on the neck and abdomen;
elevated temperature;
Abdominal pain, diarrhea and constipation.
32. Dengue fever
Also called bone marrow fever, joint fever, is transmitted by mosquitoes. The form ranges from mild to severe. Symptoms may include:
Initially, a red rash appears over most of the body;
Later, a secondary rash appears, similar to measles;
Severe joints and muscle pain.
33. Ebola
Ebola is a serious viral disease that spreads rapidly among loved ones and can often be fatal. Often a rash is one of the symptoms:
Initially, a transient mild rash may be present;
The rash begins to peel off and look like a sunburn.
34. SARS
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is an infectious and sometimes fatal respiratory disease. Symptoms may include:
Skin rash;
Muscle ache.
35. Contact dermatitis
Contact dermatitis occurs when the skin comes into contact with an irritant, is relatively common, and can be uncomfortable. Symptoms include:
Red, scaly rash that looks like a bite;
Burning sensation;
Cracked skin.
36. Fungal infection
While some fungi live naturally on the human body, they can sometimes be painful. Symptoms depend on where the infection strikes, but may include:
Red rash with a circular shape and raised edges;
cracking, flaking, or peeling of the skin in the infected area;
Irritation, itching or burning in the infected area.
37. Drug allergy
Some people have allergic reactions to prescribed medications. The body's immune system mistakenly attacks the drug as if it were a pathogen. Symptoms vary by person and drug, but may include:
Rash, including hives;
itching of the skin or eyes;
Swelling.
38. SARS
Also called pediatric pneumonia, SARS is less severe than the typical form. Symptoms may include:
rash (uncommon);
Weakness and fatigue;
Chest pain, especially when breathing deeply.
39. Erysipelas
Erysipelas, erysipelas, is a skin infection that is a form of cellulitis, and only affects the top layers of the skin, not the deeper tissues. The skin in a certain area becomes:
swollen, red and shiny;
Soft and warm to the touch;
Red streaks on the affected area.
40. Reye's syndrome
Reye's syndrome is rare and most common in children. This can cause serious damage to the organs of the body, especially the brain and liver. Early symptoms include:
Rash on the palms of the hands and feet;
Repeated severe vomiting;
Lethargy, confusion and headaches.
41. Addison Crisis
Also known as adrenal crisis and acute adrenal insufficiency, this is a rare and potentially fatal condition in which the adrenal glands stop working properly. Symptoms include:
Skin reactions including rash;
low blood pressure;
Fever, chills and sweating.
42. Chemical burns
They can occur when a person is in direct contact with a chemical or its fumes. Symptoms vary but may include:
Skin that appears black or dead
irritation, burning, or redness in the affected area;
Numbness and pain.
43. Colorado tick (tick) fever
Also known as mountain tick fever and American tick fever, is a viral infection that develops after being bitten by Rocky Mountain ticks. Symptoms may include:
flat or pimply rash;
Pain in the skin or muscles;
Many diseases in childhood accompanied by the appearance on the child's body of various rashes. This condition in babies gives rise to many questions from their parents. In the photo in the article, you can see the types, nature and localization of the rash in children with explanations depending on a particular disease.
Types of sipi in childhood
First, let's find out what this concept is. A rash is a pathological element on the skin and mucous membrane of a person, which differs in its structure from healthy skin. In children, there are several types of rashes.
Without certain knowledge, which only a qualified specialist has, it is rather difficult to determine one or another type of rash. Our article is provided for informational purposes only. Diagnosis should only be done by a doctor.
The etiology and pathogenesis of rashes is the science of dermatology. AT medical practice There are several large groups of these pathological elements on the skin:
- Physiological - more often diagnosed in infants under one year old. The cause of pathological changes here are hormonal fluctuations in the body.
- Infectious - appears due to the influence of viral, bacterial and fungal agents on the body.
- Immunological - appears as a result of exposure to the skin of mechanical irritations, temperature, allergens and other things.
Depending on this classification, it is possible to identify the causes of a rash on the body of a child.
A rash of children can appear on the head, face, arms, legs, neck, back, chest, pope, abdomen, elbows, and in the genital area. The localization of pimples, as well as their nature, depends on the type of disease that provoked them. The most common causes of pathological changes in the skin are the following factors:
- Blood disorders. With poor blood clotting, small hemorrhages appear on the skin. This is most characteristic of meningococcal meningitis.
- Diseases of viral etiology. This group includes measles, chicken pox, infectious mononucleosis, rubella.
- bacterial pathologies. A bright representative is scarlet fever.
- mechanical factors. With damage to the dermis, a child may develop a rash in the form of small red dots, vesicles, pimples, red or pink spots.
- Allergy. Often a rash in children appears due to insect bites, when exposed to the dermis of household chemicals and some cosmetics. Often, skin irritation occurs when eating allergens. Rashes may appear as a response to the use of medications.
The list shows that there are quite a few reasons for this condition.
In addition, with many pathologies, the rash has a very similar character. In this regard, do not try to independently diagnose a particular condition in your child. This should be done by an experienced dermatologist.
Photo of a rash in a child with explanations
There are a number of pathologies accompanied by the appearance of pathological formations on the skin in the form of vesicles, pimples, papules, vesicles and other manifestations. Consider common diseases that occur in childhood.
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic allergic disease that occurs in children from infancy. Pathology occurs in patients with a hereditary predisposition to atopy. This condition is caused by various factors. Among them should be highlighted:
- genetic predisposition;
- violation of metabolic processes in the dermis;
- imperfection of the immune system;
- maternal malnutrition during pregnancy;
- influence on the child's skin of various irritants.
The symptoms of the disease include redness of the dermis. Localization of the rash is observed on the skin folds, legs, arms, torso. The disease is diagnosed mainly in children under one year old.
In the photo you can see what atopic dermatitis looks like in a child
Treatment of pathology is carried out in a complex manner. In this case, medications are used, folk methods, preventive measures prescribed by a dermatologist.
Dermatitis of this type is characterized by the development of an inflammatory process in the scalp. Pathology is caused by fungal microorganisms from the genus Malassezia furfur. Under the influence of their vital activity, symptoms characteristic of the disease appear on the child's skin. These include:
- dryness of the dermis;
- the appearance of yellow crusts on the head, forehead, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe auricles (gneiss);
- itching and peeling;
- redness of the dermis.
What seborrhea looks like in the photo can be seen below
Treatment of the disease is carried out under medical supervision using exfoliating, anti-inflammatory, emollients.
From the name it is clear that this type of rash appears in babies with prolonged contact with irritants such as urine and feces. The cause of the disease is improper care or insufficient hygiene. Poor-quality underwear or diapers can also provoke a rash.
The danger of diaper dermatitis lies in the fact that with untimely treatment, ulcers and erosions in the genital area can form in the baby. Often a bacterial infection joins, which greatly complicates the treatment.
Diaper dermatitis in the photo
Rash treatment is carried out by observing the rules of hygiene, using anti-inflammatory, softening, disinfecting creams, herbal baths.
This type of allergic reaction occurs in children due to irritation of the dermis by various factors (seams on clothing, scratches, cosmetics, and so on).
Rash with contact dermatitis in the photo
Therapy of the disease is carried out exclusively by eliminating the irritant. If you do not remove the factors provoking rashes, any hygiene products and medicines will be ineffective.
Acne in children occurs at any age. There are many reasons for inflammation. Among them are allergic reactions, the effect of mechanical damage, bacteria, violation hormonal background and metabolic processes in the body.
There are several types of acne. Among them are papules, pink or red spots, abscesses, vesicles. Acne can be localized throughout the body. Most often occur on the face, chest, back, buttocks.
Photo of acne in a child
Treatment is carried out depending on the cause that provoked this condition. To find out, you should show the baby to a dermatologist, pass the necessary laboratory tests.
The disease is provoked by group A streptococci, accompanied by an increase in body temperature, a general violation of the condition and the formation of a small rash all over the body. Rashes appear in the patient on the 2nd-3rd day of illness, affecting the cheeks, groin, and side parts of the body. Nasolabial triangle pale, remains unaffected.
The tongue at the beginning of the disease has a red tint, a pronounced granular structure (scarlet fever tongue). On day 10-14, the skin begins to peel off. On the fingers and toes, peeling has a large-lamellar character. In the throat, purulent lesions provoked by streptococcus are noted.
Rash with scarlet fever in the photo
In this photo, rashes on the tongue
This disease is caused by members of the herpes family. Pathology develops mainly before the age of two years. The clinic of the disease includes the following symptoms:
- increase in body temperature;
- on the second or third day after a high temperature, a small rash appears on the baby's body in the form of red spots;
- sometimes there is an increase in submandibular lymph nodes;
- after rashes, peeling and age spots appear on the body.
What roseola looks like can be seen in the photo
Some special treatment for roseola, as with other viral diseases, is not required. The child should be provided with comfortable conditions, drink plenty of water, give antipyretics in a timely manner.
This concept means an acute viral disease that provokes damage to the throat, tonsils, enlargement of the liver, spleen and lymph nodes, and also causes a change in the composition of the blood.
Rash with infectious mononucleosis in the photo of a child
The clinical picture is accompanied by severe redness of the skin, which indicates a strong intoxication of the body. The rashes are similar to goosebumps. Pathology is treated symptomatically, depending on the severity of the patient's symptoms. The photo shows a rash with a moderate severity of the course.
When a child may have a rash of a very different nature. It all depends on the characteristics of the body and its immune system. Usually manifestations on the body look like small pimples. They can appear on a variety of parts.
Photo of a rash with helminthic invasions
Due to the heat, direct exposure of the sun to the skin and insufficient hygiene, the baby often develops sweating on the body. At the same time, small-dot formations appear on the body that do not bring significant inconvenience to the child. Provokes this condition profuse sweating in humans.
Prickly heat in the photo
Treatment of this condition is carried out by observing the methods of hygiene, frequent bathing and normalizing the temperature in the room. For the speedy cleansing of the dermis, it is shown plentiful drink. In severe cases, antihistamines are used.
Conclusion
Having found any rashes on your baby’s body, do not try to find out their cause on your own from the photo. It is very difficult to diagnose pathology without the necessary knowledge. Similar manifestations on the body in children can develop for a variety of reasons. This list includes lactose deficiency, mumps, skin changes with staphylococcus aureus, dysbacteriosis, diathesis. On the chin and around the mouth, pimples often occur during teething. Rashes often occur with food allergies. In addition, this symptom is often found in leukemia and other formidable diseases.
Be that as it may, the first thing parents need to do when pathological changes are found on the body of their baby is to seek qualified medical help. Take care of your children and be happy.
Video
Komarovsky spoke in detail about the rash in a child.
A rash on the body in an adult is a symptom of various skin diseases - from completely harmless teenage acne to severe and dangerous infections. Correct recognition of rashes helps to make the correct diagnosis, although most often relying only on skin changes is not worth it.
It should be noted that it makes no sense to deal exclusively with a rash - first of all, it is necessary to treat the underlying disease, after which the rash disappears on its own.
An allergy is an atypical reaction of the body to an antigen that the immune system perceives as a threat. Simply put, with allergies, the body reacts with a rash to contact with allergens, which usually do not harm a healthy person. It can be animal hair, food, medicines, plant pollen and other provoking factors.
An allergic rash on the body in an adult is a rash like urticaria (red blisters similar to a nettle burn) and manifestations of eczema. Red, itchy rashes that cover the skin after contact with an allergen are defined as toxicoderma or contact dermatitis. It may occur separately from the rash or along with it. A photo of such a phenomenon can be viewed in detail on numerous thematic sites on the Internet dedicated to allergic reactions.
Redness of the affected area of the skin, itching and pain, sometimes - an increase in local and general temperature. Allergy rashes can vary in appearance and appear as small red blisters or patches that are grouped into small patches.
A distinctive feature is that the allergic rash is itchy, its appearance is accompanied by discomfort and skin irritation. At the same time, a rash on the body with allergies is never purulent.
How to distinguish an allergic rash on the body in an adult from other types of rash?
- First of all, they pay attention to the provoking factor (allergen), after contact with which, characteristic rashes appear on the skin. It can be found anywhere - in food, household or street dust, household chemicals, medicines. Most often, the connection between interaction with an allergen and the appearance of a rash can be traced even in domestic conditions.
- Secondly, look at the appearance of the rashes. With allergic reactions, a rash appears with spots or vesicles, which rarely takes the form of pustular or nodular. But that doesn't mean she's harmless. The elements of the rash tend to merge and can capture large areas of the skin, causing irritation, itching, pain and other discomfort. However, skin itching is not hallmark allergies, as it also appears with other types of rashes on the body in an adult.
Therefore, the fact that the rash itches and hurts cannot be considered a reliable diagnostic sign. Just as it should not be considered an unambiguous indicator of an allergic reaction, the presence of symptoms of general intoxication - headache, catarrhal phenomena, fever, deterioration of health. It is possible to make a correct diagnosis only after conducting skin allergy tests, which make it possible to identify and determine the allergen - provocateur.
Rash in skin diseases
Skin diseases can manifest themselves in a variety of types of rashes. It is extremely difficult for a non-specialist to diagnose a disease by rashes. The rash may be patchy, nodular, pustular, watery, and may be accompanied by various additional symptoms. To accurately diagnose, it is necessary to conduct a series of specific tests to determine the pathogen.
Bacterial infections
The appearance of the rash depends on the nature of the disease. Bacterial skin infections are manifested by a pustular rash on the body and fever. Small pustules ripen on the skin, burst with the release of yellowish pus, and a small sore remains in their place.
The skin in the affected area is always inflamed and red (this is different from acne and other non-infectious lesions). The shape of the pustules, the size and boundaries of the affected area can be a valuable diagnostic feature for a specialist.
Furunculosis. With furunculosis, a lot of painful abscesses appear on the body. The causative agent of the disease is staphylococcus aureus. The inflammatory element matures for a rather long time, after which it opens with the release of purulent contents, a rather deep wound remains in its place, which, with proper processing, soon heals. After the resolution of large boils, scars may remain on the skin.
Fungal infections
Fungal lesions do not manifest as a pronounced rash. Instead, an area of redness and flaking of the skin forms on the skin, which is painful to the touch. Such a rash on the body of an adult itches, itches and causes significant discomfort.
There may be no symptoms of general intoxication. Feature fungal skin lesions - they are located mainly in the folds of the skin, between the fingers, under the breasts in women, in the groin, in the fold of the abdomen in obese people, on wound surfaces.
A common feature of fungal and bacterial skin diseases is that the affected area tends to spread and expand. In the absence of treatment, the process progresses rapidly and captures all new areas of the skin.
In addition, the course of such infections is accompanied by a gradual deterioration of the patient's condition. Common fungal skin infections include:
- Pink deprive. The course of the disease is accompanied by the appearance of round or oval pink spots with peeling in the center and a characteristic red roller around the perimeter. The rash quickly spreads throughout the body, itches and itches.
- Lichen planus. Accompanied by the appearance of nodular elements, which are arranged symmetrically and grouped into lines, rings or garlands. An itchy rash often appears on the trunk, folds of the limbs, or genitals.
Viral infections
Photo: How to distinguish a wart from a mole, callus or papilloma
Viral diseases can also manifest as a skin rash. The most common of them are and. The human papillomavirus exists in the form of many types (more than 50), differing in danger to the human body.
- Papillomatosis is manifested by the appearance of warts and papillomas on the skin. The affected area may be different, the papillomas themselves do not cause discomfort, do not hurt or itch, but their main danger is that when certain conditions they can degenerate into a malignant neoplasm. Therefore, experts advise getting rid of such neoplasms as soon as possible.
- Shingles. The appearance of watery, painful blisters is caused by the herpes virus. They are located on the back or lower back along the nerve fibers. After opening, small erosions remain in place of the bubbles, which soon dry out and become covered with a crust.
- Herpes is another common viral disease that affects the skin and nervous system. A rash with herpes appears most often on the skin and red border of the lips, oral mucosa, less often on the genital area (genital herpes).
The appearance of rashes is provoked by microtrauma, hypothermia, and other adverse factors. The pathogen itself remains in the patient's blood for life. First, painful watery vesicles appear in the affected area, which after a while are opened with the release of contents. In their place, small sores remain, which soon become covered with a dry crust.
Only a doctor can accurately determine the nature of a skin infection after appropriate tests that identify the pathogen. Despite the extremely unpleasant symptoms, such diseases rarely turn out to be dangerous for the patient's health, much more harm can be caused by improper treatment.
Non-infectious skin lesions
There are also non-infectious skin lesions, manifested by the appearance of a rash. The most common of these is acne.
And red acne is a pustular disease that has a very limited area. Unlike bacterial skin lesions, acne lesions do not tend to spread. Their appearance is associated with a violation of the functions of the sebaceous glands, which begin to produce an excessive amount of sebum that clogs the pores. With insufficiently thorough skin care, pathogenic bacteria begin to multiply in the clogged sebaceous ducts, develop inflammatory process ending in pimple formation.
Defects in skin pigmentation, such as vitiligo or solar keratosis, can also be seen as a manifestation of a rash. They are most often not dangerous to health if you consult a doctor in time and take therapeutic measures. But when exposed to adverse factors, there is a risk of developing malignant neoplasms.
Rash with intestinal infections
Some bowel diseases manifest themselves as a rash on the skin. For example, with typhoid fever, a very characteristic type of rash appears - roseola. They are a red rash on the body of an adult or child, which looks like small mesh formations. When you click on them, the roseolas disappear, then reappear. Roseola rash is an important diagnostic sign of typhoid fever.
The appearance of a rash in other intestinal infections does not have such a pronounced specificity. Unlike typhoid, in other diseases of the digestive system, the rash is not a valuable diagnostic sign, it is much more important intestinal symptoms, in particular the features of stool disorders.
Rash on the body in adults with chronic diseases
Many chronic skin diseases are manifested by specific types of rash. It is skin rashes that can be the first sign that prompts a patient to see a doctor when otherwise he feels completely healthy. Such manifestations are characteristic of syphilis, tuberculosis, systemic lupus erythematosus.
is a disease of the connective tissue, which leads to its gradual destruction. The disease proceeds for a long time, throughout the life of the patient, it is characterized by alternating periods of remissions and severe exacerbations. There is no cure for SLE, and therapy is only aimed at prolonging remission and alleviating existing symptoms.
The skin manifestations of lupus appear as painless or moderately painful, itchy red patches that form a characteristically shaped area of the lesion. On the face, they are grouped on the cheekbones, cheeks and bridge of the nose, forming the shape of a "butterfly", less often rashes affect the neck and scalp.
Syphilis. Rashes with syphilis usually occur in the secondary stage of the disease, they can be different in appearance, but most often they have the characteristic appearance of syphilitic gums - large single formations that occur on different parts of the skin. Over time, they open with the formation of deep ulcers, on the site of which, as they heal, rough scars form, disrupting the appearance of the skin and affecting the mobility of facial muscles.
Psoriasis, although it has mainly skin manifestations, is not exclusively a skin disease. it chronic illness affecting the skin, connective tissue, joints. It is impossible to completely get rid of psoriasis, but therapy can reduce the severity of the disease and prolong periods of remission. Skin manifestations of psoriasis look like small red papular formations that are covered with gray scales on top. As the disease progresses, the number of papules increases, they merge into large plaques that can affect large areas of the skin.
Other types of rash in an adult
Some types of rash can be caused by various factors that are not signs of the disease. For example, they include skin irritation caused by short-term adverse effects. As a rule, in such cases there is a fairly clear connection, while the causes of the rash are not allergens (insect bites, touching poisonous or burning plants).
The so-called nervous rash on the body in an adult is a manifestation of atopic dermatitis. This is a chronic disease that can occur with varying intensity. Aggravation can be caused by various factors, including stress and increased emotional stress. In such cases, the rash appears within a day after the patient has experienced a nervous shock.
In some cases, the appearance of a rash on the skin can be facilitated by an unfavorable environmental situation or the influence of weather conditions.
Sometimes there is a rash on the body in an adult of unknown origin, which may be accompanied by itching and pain or have no additional symptoms. To establish the cause, and therefore, to prescribe an effective treatment for the rash, in this case, it is not possible for a long time.
When is it necessary to see a doctor?
A variety of reasons can cause a rash, depending on which such manifestations pose a certain degree of danger to human health. It is important to distinguish in time a rash on the body in an adult, caused by relatively safe factors, from signs of a dangerous disease. The following signs should be alert:
- the rash does not go away on its own and there is no significant improvement in the condition during the day;
- all measures taken to treat a rash on the body in an adult do not bring results;
- the rash is accompanied by a significant deterioration in the patient's condition;
- in addition to rash and itching, there are symptoms from other organs - especially the digestive or nervous system;
- the rash quickly spreads over the skin, there is a tendency to damage the deep layers of the epidermis.
The appearance of such signs should be the reason for an immediate visit to the doctor, as they indicate a severe nature of the disease. If the patient's condition does not cause serious concern, but the rash appears regularly, you should consult a doctor to find out its cause and prescribe treatment.
Treatment Methods
A dermatologist deals with the treatment of various kinds of rashes on the skin. The method of therapy will depend on the cause of the rash, that is, on the underlying disease. A variety of methods of treatment are used, from conservative (drug) to surgical. Proven folk remedies, physiotherapy methods and even various alternative options (acupuncture, leech treatment, etc.) are used. It is only important that the patient does not self-medicate, but coordinates his actions with the doctor and accurately follows all his recommendations.
So, when acne appears, a dermatologist can advise a variety of external agents with antiseptic, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects (ointments, creams, lotions, sprays). For fungal infections of the skin, antifungal drugs are used. These may be topical agents for the external treatment of rashes or preparations in the form of tablets and capsules for oral administration for severe skin lesions.
Rashes of a bacterial nature are treated with antibiotics, viral - with antiviral agents. In each case, the doctor selects the treatment regimen individually, taking into account the type of pathology, the severity of the symptoms, the general condition of the patient and possible contraindications, since the medications used for these purposes have quite a few side effects.
Allergic rashes are treated with antihistamine tablets (Zirtek, Claritin, Suprastin) and external agents (including hormonal ones) in the form of ointments, gels and creams (Fenistil gel, Epidel, Sinaflan, Advantan).
Rashes of a non-allergic and non-infectious nature can be treated folk remedies, using infusions and decoctions of medicinal herbs with anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effects (sequence, chamomile, celandine). They can be taken orally or added to bath water. In addition, for the treatment of rashes, you can use medicines with a drying and anti-inflammatory effect - ointments based on zinc, salicylic or azelaic acid.
Treatment of skin lesions caused by severe infections or autoimmune diseases (psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, syphilis) is carried out only by a specialist and requires the use of potent medications.
conclusions
Various rashes occur on the skin of almost every adult. The appearance of a small rash on the body of an adult, or other changes, may not have any consequences for the patient's health, but if the cause of the rash is not known or there is a suspicion that it is a sign of a serious illness, a dermatologist should be consulted as soon as possible.
Almost all babies in the first year of life are faced with a disease such as exanthema. It passes quite quickly, and sometimes pediatricians do not even have time to diagnose it. Of course, when the baby has a fever, accompanied by a rash all over the body, this cannot but disturb the parents. For this reason, you should know the features of this disease and methods for its safe treatment.
Exanthema is a very common disease in children of the first year of life.
What is an exanthema?
Exanthema is a skin disease of infectious etiology, characterized by an acute course. In 80% of cases, the provocateurs of rashes are viruses, and only in 20% - bacteria. The main types of exanthema:
- viral;
- enteroviral;
- sudden.
If you look at the photo, you can see that the rash looks like pinkish or red spots that cover the body of the child. After the baby has been ill with this disease, he develops immunity to an exanthema of an infectious nature.
Features of viral exanthema in children
Viral exanthema in children is a disease characterized by rashes that appear on the skin of a child and evenly cover the entire body. It occurs often in both babies of the first year of life, and in older children.
Causes of viral exanthema:
- measles virus;
- herpes virus;
- adenovirus;
- chickenpox, etc.
As a rule, the symptoms of exanthema are the same, with the exception of cases of measles or chicken pox. In the course of these diseases, exanthema manifests itself specifically. In this case, complex therapy is used, which is aimed at getting rid of not only the disease, but also exanthema.
Viral and allergic type exanthema are similar in symptoms, so it is very important to recognize in time which pathology a particular type of rash on the baby's skin belongs to (we recommend reading:). Improper treatment of exanthema is fraught with complications.
General clinical picture
Viral exanthema in babies is characterized by an increase in temperature, which usually lasts for 4-5 days. The rash at this time can become more intense under the influence of various factors: bright sunlight, hot water, emotional overstrain, etc. It is important to protect the child from such phenomena so as not to aggravate the situation.
In newborns, the pulsation of the fontanel may become more frequent. The exanthema that occurs against the background of infection is accompanied by an increase in regional lymph nodes. It is provoked by the following infections:
- in winter, as a rule, these are rhinovirus diseases, influenza virus and adenoviruses;
- in summer, enterovirus is more often the causative agent;
- herpetic infections can be detected at any time of the year (we recommend reading:).
Symptoms depending on the type of virus
Symptoms of viral exanthema in children vary depending on the type of infection. The main symptoms are presented in the table.
Virus | Symptoms |
Enterovirus | A large number of small papules, a rash covers most of the child's body, intoxication of the body occurs. |
Adenovirus | It is characterized by pinkish spots all over the body, itching, keratoconjunctivitis can be observed. |
Rubella, rotavirus (we recommend reading:) | Pink spots on the body, which, upon close examination, protrude noticeably above the surface of the skin, may merge with each other. |
Epstein-Barr virus | Eruptions on the body resembling the symptoms of measles, pharyngitis, swelling of the eyelids. |
Gianotti-Crosti Syndrome | The rash is located asymmetrically, the spots sometimes merge with each other. |
Parvovirus B-19 | A rash on the cheeks and nose of the child as one of the signs. In some cases, the disease is latent. |
Exanthema due to adenovirus
Features of enteroviral exanthema in children
Enteroviral (Boston) exanthema is classified as a separate category of exanthema because it is more common than other types of infectious exanthema. Enteroviruses include groups of viruses that cause diarrhea, aseptic meningitis, respiratory diseases, and gastroenteritis. With enterovirus exanthema, the body temperature rises to 39 degrees and intoxication of the body is observed.
The main symptoms of "Boston fever":
- fever (from 39 degrees and above);
- intoxication of the body;
- asymmetrical rashes on the body.
Features of sudden exanthema in children
Sudden exanthema (roseola) - a disease that affects most babies early age(from six months to 3 years). Children get sick with sudden exanthema mainly in autumn and winter period. Once having been ill with this disease, children develop immunity, which minimizes the possibility of relapse.
Sudden exanthema is transmitted by airborne droplets and through personal contact with a sick person. The incubation period lasts from 5 days to 2 weeks.
The disease begins with an increase in temperature, which gradually increases, reaching high levels (39-40.5 degrees). Fever lasts an average of 3 days, accompanied by manifestations of intoxication (weakness, loss of appetite, vomiting, diarrhea). A characteristic feature of sudden exanthema is that, despite high temperature, the child does not have catarrhal symptoms (cough, runny nose).
During a fever, the temperature does not keep constantly at a high level. In the morning, it decreases slightly, in the evening it rises again to 39 degrees. At infants against the background of elevated temperature, a strong pulsation of the fontanel is observed, and febrile convulsions are also possible. This should not cause concern, because. not associated with neurological problems.
As a rule, on the fourth day there is a significant decrease in body temperature in a child. Parents mistake this for recovery, but at the same time, a rash appears on the baby's body.
Pink spots of the rash do not tend to merge, turn pale when pressed, their diameter is from 1 to 5 mm, there is no itching. The rash that accompanies sudden exanthema is not contagious.
After a few days, the rashes on the body completely disappear. In exceptional cases, sudden exanthema is accompanied only by fever, without rash. The child's condition at this time is satisfactory.
Diagnostic methods
Despite the fact that the disease occurs in babies quite often, this disease is rarely diagnosed. The reason is that the symptoms of exanthema disappear in a matter of days, and doctors simply do not have time to diagnose it. However, if the crumbs have a severe fever and rash, then a pediatrician and an infectious disease specialist should be consulted.
During a visual examination, the doctor examines the spots of the rash. In a baby suffering from sudden exanthema, papules on the skin disappear with pressure; with a viral illness, there is no reaction to pressure. If the lighting is bright enough, then you can notice that the elements of the rash slightly rise above the skin.
A blood test is also performed (during exanthema, the number of leukocytes decreases). The doctor necessarily conducts a differential diagnosis. This helps to determine the type of disease and choose the right tactics, how best to treat the baby. Differential diagnosis of exanthema implies the exclusion or confirmation of the following pathologies:
- measles (we recommend reading:);
- infectious mononucleosis (we recommend reading:);
- idiopathic infection;
- rubella;
- scarlet fever (we recommend reading:);
- allergies associated with viral infections.
To determine the nature of the rash, the doctor conducts a differential diagnosis of exanthema
Features of treatment
Strictly established regimens for the treatment of exanthema do not exist. It is important to isolate a sick child from peers to prevent the spread of the disease. In the room where the sick baby is located, wet cleaning is regularly carried out and the room is ventilated. During a fever, the child is shown to drink plenty of water, walks are allowed only under favorable weather conditions.
If the baby is hard to tolerate high temperature, the doctor may prescribe him antipyretic drugs, and if necessary, antihistamines and antivirals can also be used. With viral exanthema, the child is forbidden to spend a lot of time in the sun, because. this is fraught with itching, and a rash from sun rays may increase.
Medical therapy
The disease is characterized by an increase in body temperature, therefore, during the illness, drugs with an antipyretic effect are often prescribed:
- ibuprofen;
- Nurofen;
- Paracetamol;
- Panadol.
Antihistamines are used to reduce rash and swelling:
- Zodak;
- Zyrtec;
- Suprastin.
Locally, ointments are applied to the areas affected by the rash: Fenistil, Elokom, La Cree. If you apply the ointment 2-3 times a day, the rash will completely go away within 5 days. When the rash is caused by herpes, ointments are applied that are applied to the site of itching. Acyclovir ointment for herpes has proven itself well. In severe cases of the disease, antiviral drugs are prescribed: Arbidol, Anaferon.
Folk remedies
Folk remedies can also be used in the treatment of a small patient. Before using them, you need to consult a doctor, but, as a rule, there are no contraindications for the use of home infusions and compresses. To improve the general condition of the baby, you can use an infusion of chamomile (pour a tablespoon of dry chamomile with one glass of boiling water).
It is useful to apply fresh potato juice to the areas of the body affected by the rash. Raw peeled potatoes are grated, and the resulting slurry is squeezed out. Juice lubricates the skin covered with a rash 3 times a day. It is useful to bathe the baby in baths with the addition of a decoction of celandine. It helps to reduce rashes, soothes delicate baby skin. Similar baths can be done with the addition of a decoction of fir, chamomile.
To reduce the rash when bathing a baby, it is necessary to add a decoction of celandine to the water.
The child needs to be given enough to drink. Useful will be cranberry fruit drinks, tea with raspberries and linden. Elder broth has a good effect. To prepare a decoction, pour 180 g of berries with a liter of boiling water, leave for 4-5 hours. Drink the drug should be one glass 3 times a day after meals. The duration of such treatment should be no more than 3 days.
Possible complications
Complications with exanthema are observed in babies with weak immunity. In 90% of cases, the disease disappears without a trace within 5-10 days. When complications appear, the rash can last for 2-3 weeks, coughing and sore throat are also possible, but even in such situations, the symptoms disappear in less than a month.
Unfortunately, sometimes doctors cannot make an accurate diagnosis, mistaking roseola for rubella.
The result of such mistakes is the refusal of parents to vaccinate the child, which in the future can greatly harm him. In rare cases, complications are accompanied by disturbances in the work of the cardiovascular system, the appearance of reactive hepatitis and an increase in adenoids.
Preventive actions
Prevention of exanthema is not necessary, because. it occurs once, after which immunity is developed, and the baby subsequently does not suffer from this ailment. General recommendations are to improve and harden the baby to strengthen the immune system, which will allow him to resist various infections and viruses, and if an illness occurs, he will recover quickly.
You should also protect the child from communicating with peers if they have been diagnosed with exanthema. Roseola is much easier for children who are on breastfeeding. Parents should be vigilant in relation to their child, and in case of suspicion of exanthema, immediately seek help from a doctor.
This is the sudden appearance on the skin and mucous membranes of various changes that differ from normal skin in color and appearance and are often accompanied by redness and itching.
The appearance of a rash may be a local reaction of the skin to some external irritant, or it may be one of the symptoms of a general human disease. There are several dozen skin, infectious and other diseases in which a rash always occurs, and several hundred in which it can also appear.
Causes of the rash.
There are several groups of diseases in which a rash may appear on the skin or mucous membranes.
· Allergic diseases.
Diseases of the blood and blood vessels.
The most common cause of a rash is infectious diseases (measles, rubella, chicken pox, scarlet fever, herpes, infectious mononucleosis, infectious erythema, etc.). In addition to the rash, other signs are necessarily present: contact with an infectious patient, acute onset, fever, loss of appetite, chills, pain (throat, head, abdomen), runny nose, cough, or diarrhea.
2. Abscess - an element filled with purulent contents. The formation of pustules manifest folliculitis, furunculosis, impetigo, pyoderma, different kinds acne.
4. A blister usually occurs with an allergic reaction and resolves on its own after a few minutes or hours of onset. It is observed with insect bites, nettle burns, urticaria, toxicoderma.
5. Spots are characterized by a change in color (redness or discoloration) of certain areas of the skin and are observed with syphilitic roseola, dermatitis, toxicoderma, leukoderma, vitiligo, typhoid and typhus. Moles, freckles, and sunburn are pigmented spots.
6. Erythema - a slightly elevated, sharply limited area of \u200b\u200bthe skin of a bright red color. Often occurs in people with hypersensitivity to food (strawberries, strawberries, eggs, etc.), medicines (nicotinic acid, antibiotics, antipyrine, quinidine, etc.), after ultraviolet irradiation, with erysipelas. In cases of infectious diseases and rheumatism, multiple exudative erythema occurs, as well as erythema nodosum.
7. Purpura - skin hemorrhages of various sizes (from small, pinpoint to large bruises). It is observed in hemophilia (blood clotting disorders), Werlhof's disease (violation of bleeding time), capillary toxicosis (impaired capillary permeability), leukemia (blood disease), and scurvy (vitamin C deficiency).
· If a rash appears after taking any medication, you should immediately consult an allergist.
· If the appearance of a rash is combined with fever and malaise, you need to consult an infectious disease specialist.
· Contact your dermatologist if the rash is accompanied by a burning sensation, stinging, bleeding, or blistering.
· If you suddenly have a severe headache, drowsiness, or small black or purple spots appear on a large area of \u200b\u200bthe skin, call an ambulance immediately.
· If the rash in the form of a ring spreads from one central red spot, after some time after a tick bite (even after several months), immediately consult an infectious disease specialist.
If several other members of your family have the same rash, contact an infectious disease specialist immediately.
· When rashes appear red, with sharp outlines resembling a butterfly in shape, protruding above the surface of the skin, located on the cheeks and above the bridge of the nose, a consultation with a rheumatologist is necessary.
In the event of a form of rash that presents significant diagnostic difficulties, be prepared for a lengthy examination by a dermatologist.
Home remedies to reduce rashes.
To reduce the appearance of the rash and soothe itching, you can try the following methods:
If there are no signs of infection, a 1% hydrocortisone cream can be applied to areas of the skin rash; see a doctor if there is no improvement after five or six days;
wear smooth clothes made of organic cotton to avoid irritation;
use baby soap or shower gel for washing;
Avoid substances that irritate the skin or can cause an allergic reaction - jewelry, perfumes, cosmetics, washing powders, deodorants.