Belarusian "mushroom places": where and what is better to collect. Mushrooms of Belarus: edible, poisonous and spring species To Belarus for mushrooms
According to the data of the regional sanitary and epidemiological service, in the current year, the excess of the permissible levels of cesium-137 radionuclides was detected in samples of wild berries delivered for research by residents Empty Osovets, ag. Dashkovka Mogilev region, d. Bovshevo village, Mogilev district, the village of Gizhenka S, the village of Nov. Sloboda, the village of Lopatichi, the village of Khodorov of the Slavgorod region, the village of Smolka of the Chausy region, the village of Veremeiki, the village of Ustye of the Cherikov region, etc.
In some samples of mushrooms (after culinary processing), the content of radionuclides exceeded the permissible level by 1.5 or more times. The forest areas of the following regions are still the most disadvantaged: Slavgorodsky, Cherikovsky, Krasnopolsky, Klimovichsky, Belynichsky, Bykhovsky, Klichevsky, Mogilevsky, Chaussky.
— It should be noted that due to the specific properties of forests, an increased transfer of radionuclides from the soil to plants and fungi is observed, therefore, in the coming years, a decrease in radionuclides in forest mushrooms, berries, and game is not expected. Regular consumption of forest products with a high content of radionuclides is one of the reasons for the increased content of radionuclides in the body of residents (up to 0.1% of those examined at the WBC facility), - says the hygienist of the radiation hygiene department L.M.Schemeleva.
According to the specialist, the radioactivity of mushrooms depends both on the place where they grow and on their type.
According to the ability to accumulate radioactive substances, fungi differ from each other and can be conditionally divided into 4 groups:
- Accumulators: bitter, ringed cap (chicken), pig, Polish mushroom, butter dish, yellow-brown moss fly. Collecting these mushrooms is not recommended.
- Highly accumulative :
milk mushrooms, pink wave, brilliant green,
russula. Collecting mushrooms of this group is allowed at a density
soil pollution up to 1 Ci / km 2 with mandatory radiometric
control. - Medium-accumulative: real chanterelle, rowing, white
mushroom, boletus, boletus. - Weakly accumulative: autumn mushroom, variegated umbrella mushroom,
pearl raincoat
From wild berries Blueberries, cranberries, lingonberries, blueberries have the greatest ability to accumulate radiocesium. Mountain ash and strawberries accumulate somewhat less radiocesium. The berries of viburnum, raspberries, and blackberries are the least polluted.
When harvesting and processing wild berries and mushrooms, you need to know that:
- You can not pick mushrooms and berries in places indicated by prohibitory signs. The possibility of picking mushrooms in a particular forest area should be checked in advance with the forestry.
- Do not buy mushrooms and berries in unidentified places (on the roadsides), and if the purchase is made, then be sure to examine for the content of radionuclides.
- With the same density of soil contamination, the accumulation of cesium-137 in berries is greater in wet growing conditions than in dry ones. It is advisable to check all collected mushrooms and berries for radioactive contamination. Radiological laboratories have been set up in each district at the regional centers of hygiene and epidemiology, and forestry enterprises. Research is free.
- And most importantly, follow the rules for processing mushrooms and berries, which allow reducing the concentration of radionuclides by 10 or more times.
Collected mushrooms before cooking must be cleaned of adhering particles of forest litter, moss, soil; Some mushrooms require the skin to be removed from the cap.
Reducing the content of radionuclides in mushrooms can be achieved by boiling them for 15-60 minutes in salt water with the addition of vinegar or citric acid and removal every 15 minutes of decoction. With such treatment of russula, greens, rows and volnushki within 30 minutes, the concentration of radiocesium is reduced by 2-10 times. A little more time (45 minutes) to reduce the content of radionuclides by 2-10 times is required for tubular fungi - boletus, boletus, Polish mushroom, boletus. Of course, the nutrient content in mushrooms decreases after prolonged boiling.
When mushrooms are dried, the content of radionuclides in them does not decrease, so only “clean” mushrooms need to be dried.
Harvested berries before use must be cleaned of adhering particles of forest litter, moss, soil and washed several times in running water.
The temperate continental climate in the Republic of Belarus, a large number of forests, warm and humid summers create favorable conditions for the growth of mushrooms. Some of them are unfit for human consumption or are poisonous. The directory "Edible mushrooms of Belarus" has about 200 varieties. Despite the fact that this generous gift of nature has an excellent taste and many useful properties collection should be approached with extreme caution.
General collection rules
Life and health depend on elementary attentiveness, therefore it is impossible to disregard the basic rules. In the immediate environment there are always relatives, relatives or friends who are well versed in the types of mushrooms.
If there is even a slight doubt, it is better to consult with experienced people or carefully study the encyclopedia of mushrooms in Belarus.
First spring views
The main sign of the appearance of mushrooms in the forests after the winter break is the leaves on birch trees, which sprout in the second half of April or early May. You can go on the first search for the harvest during this period. The most common mushrooms in early spring in Belarus are stitches and morels. There are several of the most popular types and subspecies:
Classification and zone of growth of mushrooms
The first spring harvest in Belarus does not please with a large selection, and the timing of the appearance of the first forest delicacies may vary depending on the weather.
Collecting and processing morels and lines is worth experienced mushroom pickers who know exactly what to do with the harvested crop.
summer variety
The most popular seasons for picking mushrooms are summer and early autumn. Warm, humid weather creates favorable conditions for the growth and reproduction of plants. At this time, the most popular and valuable types of mushrooms appear, which are highly valued not only in Belarus:
What mushrooms grow in October, at the beginning and at the end of the month
Attributing the listed types of mushrooms to exclusively summer ones is more conventional, since many of them actively grow in early autumn. The yield depends on the weather.
Autumn options
The first half of autumn on the territory of the Republic of Belarus is characterized by moderately warm rainy weather, which contributes to the active growth of a number of edible mushrooms. The most popular mushroom pickers received:
In early autumn, you can easily find a lot of summer mushrooms, so the choice at this time of the year is quite rich. A particularly good harvest appears in warm and humid weather.
poisonous mushrooms
Unfortunately, among all the variety of delicious and useful mushrooms there are also poisonous mushrooms that can cause serious harm to health and lead to death. Even experienced mushroom pickers who have been collecting the same species for many years can make a mistake. On the territory of the Republic of Belarus they pose the greatest danger.
Well, who did not collect mushrooms Or at least once in your life? It seems that there are no such people, and if there are, then very few. Today, there are more and more supporters of "silent hunting" - that is, such a type of outdoor activity as picking mushrooms and berries. Of course, picking mushrooms and berries has always been especially popular among all age categories of citizens. Solid benefit wherever you look. A wonderful opportunity to take a walk in the fresh air and enjoy the beautiful nature to your heart's content. Yes, and with berries you can pick up.
Avid berry pickers and mushroom pickers abound everywhere. We must pay tribute, they know everything: where, when and, in fact, what is better to collect. But for beginners or just curious, it is more difficult. To choose the right mushroom right place, you need to ask around and search the Internet, in a word ... it takes more time to prepare.
As for Belarus, it should be noted that in the "blue-eyed" there are many forests, fields, rivers and lakes, therefore there are more expanses for mushroom pickers and berry pickers. Experienced people say that, sometimes, you don’t even need to go anywhere: mushrooms can be found literally in any, even a small forest, near the settlement.
But, nevertheless, there are, of course, the most popular, the most “mushroom” places in Belarus. The famous Logoisk forests are among these. It should be noted that one of the closest favorite places for mushroom pickers is located not far from Minsk. You need to drive about 30-35 minutes to the city of Logoisk, from which the most mushroom forest begins.
(reklama) The forests here are beautiful, clean, and in warm summer weather, especially after rain, it is fresh and quiet here. The relevant services constantly monitor the forests: if necessary, they thin it out, and in dry weather they break through "trenches" in case of a fire. There are special exits to the forest with barriers, where parking lots are arranged. All of them are perfectly visible from the side of the track. Please come, leave your car and pick mushrooms and berries. Just don't litter! By the way, in recent times even here they placed surveillance cameras to prevent such actions. Yes, they are fighting for the cleanliness of the forest in the truest sense of the word and strictly treat any violators who pollute the forest.
But most importantly, there are almost always a lot of mushrooms, especially in the so-called "mushroom time". Therefore, even beginners usually do not leave here with empty baskets. And mushrooms grow here. For your information, the Belarusian forests as a whole contain approximately 1100 mushrooms of the most various kinds. And among them, only a fifth is edible. best time picking mushrooms, as they say knowledgeable people, summer and autumn, best of all, after a rain. , boletus, boletus, boletus, of course, - make up the main list of mushrooms growing here that are familiar to everyone. Mushrooms are enough for everyone!
Getting lost here, in principle, is difficult and even somehow fearless. As a rule, there are a lot of mushroom pickers: here and there someone walks around, picking something up. Yes, and near the highway, and very close to the settlements. Particularly doubters can only be advised to take mobile phones with you and carefully follow the signs, and especially shy people generally do not climb far into the forest. But somehow such cases did not happen here, the forests are safe. For this, too, apparently, Belarusians love them so much. as one of the best options"Silent" hunting is quite suitable for all supporters of outdoor activities.
On the route Minsk - Slutsk is now especially crowded. Every few kilometers, drivers pass by a kind of bazaars.
bored locals instantly come to life when a car slows down nearby.
Son, take the mushrooms, look how handsome they are: fresh, fresh from the forest, - the old woman beckons the driver. - Take it, I'll give it cheap.
For a 3-liter bucket of chanterelles, for example, the owners ask for 7 thousand rubles, 4 - 5-liter aspen mushrooms are sold for 12 - 15 thousand. True, for a tiny bucket of mushrooms, which I had my eye on, the hostess offered to pay 20 thousand rubles - and no bargaining. The mushrooms seemed really worthwhile: all small, clean ones seemed to have grown only today.
You will not find such people in the forest, - the woman assured me. - Only experienced mushroom pickers know how to collect them.
In general, I persuaded. However, the mushroom expert turned out to be useless from me. Otherwise, I would probably have noticed that the mushrooms are pulled out straight from the roots, and not cut off, which means they may turn out to be wormy. And so it happened. Fortunately, I took aspen mushrooms in addition at a completely ridiculous price: a young guy gave a huge pile for only 3 thousand.
She returned to Minsk. I brag about the familiar "shopping". And she categorically states in response: "It's better to throw it in the trash. After all, no one checks the quality of the mushrooms and vegetables sold by the road." I decided to ask people who know. Their words hurt even more. It turns out that after standing for a day, mushrooms become unsafe (although appearance many keep). This is partly why experts definitely do not recommend buying them from "road dealers". And further. Marina Baibus, head of the food hygiene department of the Minsk City Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology, said that mushrooms are a kind of accumulator of radionuclides, so you can’t buy them without preliminary sanitary research.
Moreover, they easily absorb and accumulate salts of heavy metals. Imagine how many elements of the periodic table in mushrooms that stood under car exhaust! According to Marina Cheslavovna, in general, all products grown along the roads can be harmful to health. True, this does not mean that, having eaten a mushroom or an apple from a tree growing near a busy highway, a person will immediately get poisoned - the body can react to this in years.
However, whether it is worth buying something on the track, everyone has the right to determine for himself. Many, for example, solve this dilemma this way: they take a dosimeter with them on the road and check the gifts of nature they like, at least for the presence of radionuclides. Well, the most correct decision, in my opinion, is to find time and go into the forest yourself. Moreover, there are a lot of mushrooms there now, according to the villagers.
Photo by Viktor DRACHEV.
According to mushroom pickers, the forest harvest this year is very high. Especially in the Minsk region there is a wide variety of mushrooms. We suggest you familiarize yourself with the most popular places where you definitely won’t leave without a bucket of mushrooms.
Mushrooms near Minsk and in the Minsk region
Inveterate mushroom pickers most often choose more distant routes. After all, as usual, the further you go into the forest, the more mushrooms you will collect. In fact, there is no need to travel far. There are no less mushrooms in the forests of the Minsk region than in other forests throughout Belarus.
Map of mushroom places
Logoisk district
Manufacturers accept various mushrooms that can be found here, namely: mushrooms, boletus, boletus, butter, mushrooms, russula, mossiness mushrooms, chickens, etc. But the most commercial mushrooms are chanterelles, thanks to which you can make good money during the season.
If you have personal transport, then the surest decision would be to go to the forest, which is located along the highway in the Logoisk district of the Vitebsk direction (from Logoisk to Pleshchenitsy). There is an abundance of mushroom places in the area. If you do not have personal transport, then you can only get here by bus, which does not run very often. The most popular route is Logoisk - Ugly-Shvaby (to Zembin).
Khatyn forest
This place near Minsk can rightfully be called one of the most mushroomy. The huge forest area between Logoysk, Zembin and Pleschenitsy stretches for tens of kilometers. Almost all types of mushrooms can be found here.
Vileika region. Ilya village
The most popular mushrooms here are chanterelles and boletus. The most convenient route will be by car. We drive to the village of Ilya from Minsk, focusing on the recreation center "Economist" (UO "BSEU"). The most mushroom places are located in this area. You can not reach the recreation center itself, because the forest in these places is quite large.
Stolbtsovsky district
In the Stolbtsy region, mushroom pickers can find a lot of mushrooms: mushrooms, aspen mushrooms, birch boletus, chanterelles, autumn mushrooms. The reference point for mushroom places is the tourist base " Highland". You can come here by car, bus or train. By car, you need to move along the highway in the direction of Brest, turn in Stolbtsy towards the village of Nikolayevshchina.
Talc
This mushroom route is suitable for those who like to walk a lot, because. it can range from 5 to 20 kilometers. For such a route you need to be spiritually and physically prepared. On a suburban train from Minsk, you need to get to the Talka station, in the direction of the train, go through the entire village, field, and a small forest, pass summer cottages and a large field, follow the river to the bridge, cross the bridge and enter the forest. Now you can start collecting mushrooms.
If you don't know a mushroom, don't put it in the basket
Unsure of your knowledge and afraid to accidentally cut poisonous mushroom? In this situation, there is a way out - "quiet hunting". Throughout Belarus, rural guests are received, which are located next to forests in which quite a few mushrooms grow. The owners of the estate, by agreement for a while, will become your companion in this difficult task of picking mushrooms.
Are you going mushroom picking alone? Don't forget to bring everything you need to avoid getting lost: mobile phone, compass, lighter, something to eat. Be sure to let your loved ones know where you are going and when you plan to be home.