Modern solid fuel boilers. Russian solid fuel boilers - long burning and comfortable heat. Connection options for solid fuel boilers
The most commonly used gas or electric boilers. However main gas carried out not everywhere, and the price of electricity is not small and regularly increases. In addition, in many remote settlements, interruptions in the supply of electricity are not uncommon, which is dangerous when the heating in the house is completely turned off.
It is clear that no one wants to be left without heat in severe frost, so many homeowners prefer the proven traditional stoves that work on wood and coal, or their more advanced version - modern boilers on solid fuel. Such equipment provides maximum comfort of living in a country house and does not depend on electricity supplies. As fuel in such boilers can be used:
Advantages and disadvantages of biomass boilers
The main advantages of biomass boilers are the high efficiency and low cost of fuel for these types of boilers compared to gas. In addition, burning biomass is considered more environmentally friendly than burning natural gas. The long-term disadvantage of such boilers is the impossibility of automation, but with the beginning of the control of technology, this problem disappeared. The total service life of biomass boilers is from 20 years.
The installation of these boilers is currently financially subsidized by the state, which can significantly reduce both start-up and operating costs. The only drawback may be the need to store accordingly. fuel storage room and manual emptying of the ash dump, but this depends on the specific boiler model, because some boilers already have automatic ash removal.
Solid fuel boilers are reliable, but require constant attention: you need to put fuel in them from time to time, as well as clean them from the resulting soot and ash.
Types of solid fuel boilers
A solid fuel heating boiler can be made of steel or cast iron. Depending on this, the equipment will have different characteristics.
Automatic pellet feeding and chipping and heat exchanger cleaning, flexible feeding and storage systems, filling large spaces, long fuel proof intervals, etc. are available to provide users with maximum comfort in using this increasingly popular heating system. As we mentioned above, the pellets are placed in a tray. The tank is located either in the boiler body, or a stack of pellets is located outside the boiler body and the pellets are fed into the boiler using a pellet feeder.
The container can be any container or even a room that is part of a boiler room. Alternatively, it can be combined into a room for storage containers for pellets and pellets near the boiler. The advantage of this type of container is the lower cost of importing fuel for your home, because this import is simply realized once or twice a year due to the amount of storage space.
Properties | ||
Durability | Cast iron boilers are more durable and have increased heat transfer. However, they also have a drawback - the fragility of the structure, which is especially pronounced when overheated. Therefore, it is so important to monitor the water level in the heating system. | Boilers made of steel are superior in strength to cast iron ones, but they also have a significant drawback - susceptibility to corrosive processes with constant contact with water. |
Design | To cool the cast-iron heating boiler, it is necessary to fill the system with fresh cool water. | The coil is located inside the boiler. If the temperature exceeds the limit value, a special thermostatic tap opens, and cold water fills the container. |
Assembly | Assembly is manual. The various parts of the heat exchanger inside the housing are securely connected with steel studs. | Body welded. If the appliance is heated very strongly, the weld seams may be damaged. |
firebox door | A heat-insulating gasket is installed, which does not allow the door to become very hot. | There is a cooling water element on the furnace door. |
Cleaning | Cleaning of cast iron boilers is carried out manually. | There are special rotary dampers. |
By type of space heating solid fuel boilers divided into water and air. Water heating devices are more popular, they are joined by a heating pipeline through which water circulates. It is the water in this case that transfers heat to the air of the house. Solid fuel air boilers work like a conventional stove, the surrounding space is heated directly from the device body.
They provide better combustion performance, are more energy efficient and more environmentally friendly. The air quality was so bad that even schools were closed because of it. This air pollution is a real threat to the health of all of us, especially the elderly, children, pregnant women and people with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. For such a critical air condition, we are responsible for the most frequent use of household boilers, heating their buildings with fuels of unknown origin, poor quality fuels, lack of knowledge about ecological smoking and outdated heat sources.
On sale you can find solid fuel boilers with one or two heating circuits. One circuit is used for heating the premises of a private house, the second is designed to prepare hot water for domestic and household needs. At the same time, hot water supply can also be organized using a single-circuit device. To do this, an indirect storage boiler is additionally cut into the heating system, which can be blocked if in hot water not necessary. Such a scheme requires additional costs for the purchase and installation of a storage boiler.
Low quality fuel is characterized by low calorific value and low calorific value. In addition, during the combustion of low-quality fuels, increased amounts of ash and sinter are formed. Usually the phenomenon is accompanied by an excess of smoke from the chimney. Exhausted smoke can also indicate an incomplete combustion process - lack of sufficient oxygen in the furnace.
How to burn environmentally? We achieve the most efficient and economical combustion by following a few key principles. One of the most important is maintaining the temperature on the boiler. Too much low temperature boiler leads to an increase in the amount of soot in the boiler. Soot is deposited in the heat exchanger to form an insulating layer between the heat exchanger and the heating fluid. In addition, a higher boiler temperature prevents corrosion of the heat exchanger, which guarantees a longer boiler life.
Double-circuit solid fuel boilers are the most convenient and practical heating devices. They allow you to heat the house and organize a hot water system. In summer, when there is no need for heating, it can simply be turned off, and the boiler at minimum power will only work to heat water.
It is also important to set the correct amount of fuel and air required for the combustion process. In the event of too much fuel being fed into the kiln and inadequate air intake, incomplete combustion occurs and after several cycles fuel may flow from the kiln to the boiler ash. On the other hand, if the amount of fuel supplied is insufficient, the boiler cannot reach the set temperatures. In extreme cases the boiler may have expired.
The initial installation of the boiler requires the user to come in and monitor the combustion process there, and possibly make small adjustments. Setting the parameters of the boiler facilitates the supplied automatic control - the regulator. You can distinguish a range of controllers from very simple ones with few functions to more than a dozen sensors controlling complex heating systems. The use of these algorithms makes it possible to fully automate the control of the boiler. Many boilers are available on the market from simple designs to multi-point vertical-horizontal and even automatic condensing boilers.
According to the principle of operation, solid fuel boilers are divided into classic and gas-generating. In classical devices, the coolant is heated from the combustion of fuel, and the combustion products are removed using a chimney. Gas-generating (or pyrolysis) boilers for heating the coolant use the energy of combustion not only of fuel, but also of the resulting gas, which significantly increases the efficiency of the unit.
A very important criterion is the choice of the boiler due to the type of fuel for which it is intended. If we are going to use biomass fuel, we should pay your attention to cats equipped with automatic burners with ignition. The use of a burner in combination with a dedicated controller will only turn on the boiler if heat is required. An interesting option is the automatic cleaning of the hearth. This solution prevents excessive accumulation of residues after incineration in the kiln.
In addition, the automatic operation of the grate keeps the air holes open. Combustion tanks or chutes are used for fossil fuels. A phenomenon occurs in the retort burner. smoking from above. Briefly, the combustion process takes place at the top of the burner, and the fuel is supplied to the burner from below by a feed system. Boilers with retort burners and troughs can also be fitted with blasting machines. From an economic point of view, their use in coals is not justified. Coal requires a much higher ignition temperature than biomass fuel.
The principle of the device of a solid fuel gas-generating boiler is as follows: there are two chambers in its body, fuel is placed in one of them, during the combustion of which gas is released, which also burns out, but in another chamber. Such boilers have a lot of advantages:
More high efficiency compared to conventional devices. | Additional drying of firewood or compressed fuel. | During operation of the boiler, less soot and soot so that the appliance can be cleaned less frequently. | Selection harmful substances in environment minor. | Fan, built into the system, makes it easier to start the boiler and prevents smoke in the boiler room. |
The price of a solid fuel boiler depends on its capacity and manufacturer.
For this reason, standard retort kettles require the kiln to be fired by the user. When the set temperature is reached, the boiler goes into standby mode. This is due to the fact that the frequency of fuel supply is reduced from a few seconds to several tens of minutes. At the time of heat consumption, the boiler switches to normal operation.
Before buying a boiler, you should also pay attention to the design of the heat exchanger. The use of a large number of baffles in the heat exchanger or ceramic elements greatly increases the efficiency and improves the emissivity of the boiler. The long flue gas causes the exhaust particulate matter to settle inside the heat exchanger. The ceramic components absorb heat from the flue gases, increasing the temperature inside the heat exchanger, which in turn allows the oxides to oxidize. This design also has its drawbacks, first of all it requires more frequent cleaning of the heat exchanger, and in extreme situations too long haul exhaust causes excessive cooling, which can lead to condensation of the exhaust gases!
Modern automated solid fuel boilers have a special fuel bunker that allows it to be loaded and used for several days. In this case, fuel is supplied to the furnace in automatic mode. Such a boiler does not require fuel filling every day, which greatly simplifies its operation.
When choosing a boiler, you must first pay attention to the environmental aspect. The "greenness" of the boiler is confirmed by certificates obtained from accredited laboratories. The standard contains information about the emissivity class of the boiler. There are three classes: third, fourth and fifth. The higher the emissivity class, the more environmentally friendly the boiler is. Choosing the right boiler is a very difficult decision. A bad purchase can cause problems. Selecting a boiler that is too large for the heating surface will result in unused potential.
The average service life of a solid fuel boiler is ten years. However, subject to the rules of operation and timely maintenance, it can function properly for thirty years.
Connection options for solid fuel boilers
There are various ways to use solid fuel boilers. They can serve as the main heating device as well as a backup heat source. Such a unit is easily combined with an electric heating boiler. For example, an electrical appliance can be turned on in spring and autumn, when the temperature outside the window is not very low. A solid-fuel device will be simply irreplaceable in winter, especially in extreme cold, when all its power will be in demand. This will save some money on fuel purchases.
The boiler operates with low parameters, which leads to a decrease in the efficiency and efficiency of the boiler. In addition, the heat exchanger gets dirty more quickly. Another problem associated with choosing a large number of boilers is the generation of excess energy. This situation creates an artificial increase in temperature above the set values, since the excess heat generated must be stored somewhere. In turn, choosing a boiler that is too small in relation to the heat demand of the building allows the boiler to reach the required temperature while operating at extremely high parameters, exceeding the manufacturer's recommended specifications, which leads to additional costs in the form of too much fuel consumption.
Modern solid fuel boilers
A solid fuel boiler can also serve as a backup source of heat in tandem with the main one, running on liquid fuel or electricity. In the event of an emergency situation, it can be quickly launched.
Rules for installing solid fuel boilers
It is best to entrust the installation of a solid fuel boiler to a specialist. He will not only do everything right, but will also give a guarantee for his work. But you can do it yourself, observing a number of rules:
In turn, overheating of the boiler leads to a faster consumption of the materials used in it, which, in turn, reduces the life of the boiler itself. The purchase of the boiler must be made "with the head." Carbon steels have so far been associated with being less environmentally friendly and more difficult to handle than standard steels. gas boilers. In this regard, they are no longer competing solutions, which is why they are becoming more and more popular. coal boilers, and especially boilers, are now often chosen for central heating in residential buildings, and more powerful devices are more suitable for large buildings such as service buildings or service buildings.
The distance from the walls of the boiler to the walls and other objects should not be less than twenty centimeters. | |
A non-combustible support must be placed under the base of the boiler. | |
The length of the outlet channel from the boiler to the chimney should not exceed one meter. | |
The heating pipes must be connected to the boiler very securely and carefully, since if the coolant leaks, there is a danger of the boiler breaking. |
The use of solid fuel boilers allows you to create an atmosphere of warmth and comfort in the house, subject to proper operation and timely maintenance.
The range of consumption of solid fuel boilers for long burning is quite wide. They are used both in private homes and in large enterprises, schools, hospitals.
It is especially beneficial to use such boilers for enterprises that process wood, since it can also be used as fuel. This helps not only to dispose of industrial waste, but also to save a lot on heating.
Modern boilers have not only automatic feeders of various types, but also convenient electrical systems management. Quick and easy start-up of the boiler mechanism, easy maintenance of the desired temperature in the installation, very fast change in power, accurate combustion of lower quality fuel, signaling of temperature changes and fuel burning, long burning time. Each boiler on our eco-labels allows you to significantly reduce the consumption of solid fuel, which means less burden on the household budget.
This is possible due to the high efficiency offered by our company's solutions. Wide range for every pocket. As a manufacturer that cares about customer satisfaction, we have prepared an offer that takes into account the various expectations of customers. Thanks to the various parameters of the proposed equipment, almost everyone can easily get perfect option for its installation boiler for green and other solid fuels. Choose from boilers for eco-friendly stoves with cast iron grate or water grate, universal boilers with a wide range of applications, equipped with a microprocessor temperature controller or a boiler with electric control and a fan.
Design
Basically, long-burning boilers are not intended for heating water, that is, they are predominantly single-circuit. They are used in systems with forced circulation of water. Even if the water is heated, the temperature of the heated water will not exceed 80 degrees. The equipment is equipped with a control unit, which makes it possible to regulate the performance and intensity of space heating. If an emergency occurs, the device will signal this.
We cordially invite you to familiarize yourself with the full offer. In terms of construction, solid fuel boilers can be divided into: welded steel sheets and cast iron components. Since the 70s of the last century, cast iron boilers have been quite popular and often used in heating appliances in individual houses in Poland.
At present, cast iron boilers can be fired with almost any type of solid fuel; coke, coal, wood, and pellets. Obviously, in order to select a boiler, it is necessary to know what type of fuel the boiler is intended for. These boilers are also available in an automatic fuel feed version, where the main fuel is ecogressec and also pellets. Some of them are equipped with an additional grille, which in case of emergency for example, electricity cannot be burned traditionally.
Advantages of solid fuel boilers
Among the main advantages of solid fuel boilers for long burning are the following:
- affordable price for the device and fuel;
- ease of maintenance;
- possibility of using various kinds fuel;
- autonomy;
- high efficiency;
- environmental friendliness;
- safety;
- intuitive control.
Flaws
Heating individual home solid fuel boiler, especially on automation, does not require special time costs for boiler maintenance. It will be sufficient once every few hours (and possibly days) to make a bookmark of fuel.
The disadvantages can, perhaps, include the fact that the entire heating process is a kind of vicious circle: fuel loading, kindling, burning, damping, cleaning. We also note that many models are quite sensitive to fuel quality and practically do not have temperature controllers.
Thanks to what last years solid fuel boilers have gone through many stages of perfection, they have become quite efficient and very economical, which was the reason for the increase in their popularity. There were also automatic solid fuel boilers for a long time burning. Current devices can work with one load from 3-4 hours to a day and a half. The diameter of the firewood used has also changed. Now you can load firewood up to 1 meter in length and up to 20 centimeters in diameter. Such a large size of firewood saves time and financial costs during their preparation.
To better understand what we are dealing with, we present specifications one of the solid fuel boilers - KT-2E (made in Ukraine):
- power - 25 kW;
- heated area - 250 sq.m;
- fuel capacity - 56 kg;
- the volume of the loading chamber - 62 cubic meters;
- firewood length - 46 cm;
- burning time on the 1st tab - in the range of 8-46 hours (depending on the type of fuel);
- Efficiency - 83%;
- water in the boiler - 117 l;
- water pressure - no more than 3 bar;
- chimney diameter - 170x170 mm;
- loading opening parameters - 230x370 mm.
The principle of operation of the long-burning boiler
Solid fuel boilers consist of the following elements:
- fuel bunker;
- heat exchanger;
- smoke exhauster;
- combustion chambers;
- fan.
Based on solid fuel boilers, heating systems are installed in country houses and at cottages
Inside the fuel bunker is laid solid fuel. Let's fire it up. High temperature and limited oxygen cause the release of pyrolysis gas. The resulting gas passes through ceramic nozzles into the combustion chamber of the boiler, while it is combined with secondary air. In the chamber, it burns completely, while releasing CO2. Hot gases leaving the combustion chamber pass into the heat exchanger, and then into the chimney. At the same time, the fan makes an air flow that blows around the heat exchanger. Then the heated air passes into the grids located inside the heat generator or through the ventilation duct system connected to it.
According to this scheme, air heating of the building takes place. With the help of an electronic unit, the air temperature at the exit is regulated within the range of 40-120 degrees. C. On average, a heat generator can work 5-8 hours on one load, but these data can vary significantly, depending on the manufacturer. It must be remembered that in order to preserve the walls of the combustion chamber, it is not recommended to allow the boiler to operate in a critical mode when the temperature exceeds 120 degrees. FROM.
Types of solid fuel boilers (classification)
Solid fuel boilers are capable of using quite a variety of substances as fuel. By type of fuel, they are classified into:
- using coal - coal of any class and fraction is suitable. You need to use coal with a calorie content of up to 7000 kcal per 1 kg. By burning 1 kg of coal with a calorific value of 7000 kcal, the output is 8.14 kW / h, and this figure is close to that of natural gas.
- using firewood - trees of any species are suitable (oak, birch, alder, maple, ash). It is also worth paying attention to the calorie content, because the more it is, the longer the firewood will burn. For combustion, wood with a moisture content of no more than 20% is recommended.
- using pellets - you can burn any pellets (wood, sunflower husk, straw). This is the most profitable fuel option. Pellets are characterized by high calorie content and low ash content. Pellet-powered equipment is one of the most popular nowadays due to its advantages.
- pyrolysis - use wood, molecularly decomposing it during combustion into high temperatures. Wood must be dried in a dry place for at least a year before use.
- universal - work absolutely on all possible types of fuel.
In addition to what fuel they operate on, long-burning boilers can be divided into those with manual loading and automatic feeding using a screw or piston.