The device of the heating system in a private house. Heating connection diagram in a private house - discipline and accurate calculation
Heating in a private house
Since the cave existence, mankind has always sought to create the most comfortable living conditions. At first, these were fires, then hearths and stoves appeared, and later the era began. Also in Ancient Rome for heating, they used the heat of stoves, laying chimneys under the floor of the house. Such heating systems of private houses, with some nuances in design, are still used in Asian countries - China and Korea.
Excursion into history
Before the advent of water and steam heating, famous houses and palaces in Russia were heated using stoves located in the basement. The heated air entered the special air ducts available in all living quarters, thereby heating the space.
The cooled masses of air were taken out, and new portions of the cold were pumped into the boiler rooms to the furnaces, full of heat, in order to go outside after making another round. The Winter Palace, the Faceted Chamber and a lot of old mansions were heated by this method.
Time passed, and along with the development of civilization, technologies improved. In the 19th century, simultaneously with the advent of steam engines, water and steam heating buildings. Already in 1816, greenhouses existed in St. Petersburg, where a comfortable temperature was maintained by hot water vapor passing through pipes.
Water heating originated in 1777 thanks to the Frenchman Bonneman, who invented a system for heating incubators. And in 1875, the first house with autonomous heating appeared in Russia. Pilasters acted as radiators in it, and the water was heated in a heater built into the stove.
Both the Bonnemann system and the system of the Russian engineer Sobolevsky worked on the principle natural circulation coolant. And only in the 20th century, with the development of electricity and the advent of pumps, heating with water began to work with forced circulation.
Thus, all methods of heating a home can be reduced to the following systems:
- fire-air
- steam
- water
Note! Heating is currently hot water is the most common option worldwide due to its safety.
Water systems
Hot water can flow into pipes and radiators naturally, that is, by gravity, or by force.
In the first case, this is due to the slope of the pipes and the pressure difference created by the hot and cold liquid. In the second - with the help of a water pump, which pushes hot water to the radiators, and cooled water - to the heating boiler.
The heating system with natural circulation does not require additional costs for the purchase of pumps, is easier to maintain and operate, and is also reliable. However, its effectiveness is not always on top. And it depends on the correct engineering calculation in the design:
- from the slope of the highway
- the correctness of the connections
- number of radiators
- pipe diameter
- heating boiler power
- the volume of the heated room
For the movement of the coolant with the help of a pump, it is also necessary to make appropriate calculations. But forced circulation in itself is more efficient and economical, and therefore more popular.
Space heating with hot water includes two types of systems:
- closed
- open
Water heating system of a private house
This is the most common scheme for an autonomous small area device. Here, electricity may not be required at all if:
- an old-style heating gas boiler, and ignition is carried out by the old-fashioned method - matches
- solid propellant unit is used
- The coolant circulates in a natural way according to physical laws and without the participation of an electric pump.
The essence of the scheme is the presence of:
- heating boiler
- radiators
- expansion tank
Scheme of the heating system in a private house
The coolant, heated to a certain temperature in the heat exchanger, enters the radiators through pipes. Here it is cooled and returns back to the boiler through the return pipe, after which the whole cycle is repeated.
Hot water from the heating unit is squeezed out colder and distributed by gravity through the pipeline and radiators due to the slope of the horizontal pipes. The air contained in the coolant, due to its lighter weight, rises up and goes into the expansion tank.
It is located at the maximum height above the level heating device. AT individual houses most often this is an attic space. Such a tank is necessary to vent air to the outside. In addition, it maintains a constant pressure in the heating system. Hot water tends to expand, so its excess also takes the tank, and when it cools, the water goes back into the pipes.
How the circuit works open system heating.
But for all its reliability and simplicity, it has some disadvantages:
- It cannot heat large buildings due to the natural circulation of the coolant - since the speed of its movement through the pipeline is low.
- The room takes a long time to warm up due to low pressure and the time required to heat the water in the pipes.
- There is a risk of water freezing in the expansion tank, which is usually located in a cold attic.
- In the tank, water comes into contact with air, which saturates it. The result of such contact may be corrosion of metal parts. heating system.
Forced heating systems
This method of heating has not yet received great popularity in our country. It is mainly used in the construction of new individual houses or in the reconstruction of old ones. And also in apartment buildings when equipping them with systems autonomous heating.
Why is she attractive? First of all, the ability to install additional elements for heating residential premises, ensuring a comfortable existence for residents.
The essence of the scheme is as follows. The coolant circulates forcibly with the help of a pump, thereby creating pressure in the pipes at a level of 1-3 atmospheres.
The principle of operation of such a system is no different from open circuit heating, but has many advantages:
- Possibility to install underfloor heating
- installation of an indirect heating boiler
- installation of pipes of smaller diameter
- compact placement in one room of the pump and the expansion tank, which eliminates the risk of freezing of the latter in winter period and additional costs for insulation of the attic space
- water does not evaporate from the expansion tank, which allows you to leave the house for a long time
- the pump allows you to control the speed of movement of the coolant, thereby making the heating system more economical
- temperature control in the room is carried out using thermostatic valves located directly on the radiators, or by a control device installed on the instrument panel of the heating boiler
European consumers widely use this scheme to heat their homes.
Components of the heating system
Schematic diagram of a gas boiler house
The main element of the system is the heating boiler. He can be:
- solid fuel
- gas
- electric
- liquid fuel
In addition to the heating unit, the system includes:
- pipes
- circulation pump
- expansion tank
- radiators
- coolant
- air valve and other elements
Heating boilers are divided into:
- According to the location - on the wall or floor.
- According to the design of the smoke exhaust element.
- By type of fuel.
- By the number of circuits.
- According to the material from which the heat exchanger is made.
Solid propellant devices
Solid fuel units can consume wood, coal or pellets. They are used in the event that it is not possible to connect to a centralized gas supply.
Steel or cast iron is used as the material for the heat exchanger. The power of such boilers is from 12 to 50 kW. However, their efficiency is low and amounts to 30-70% depending on the fuel used. A wide range of modern boilers allows you to choose a device with optimal parameters.
Gas heating boilers Egis Plus
Gas boilers today are beyond competition due to the low cost of blue fuel. From a variety of models, you can choose a boiler that runs on natural or liquefied gas.
Such devices are characterized by high efficiency, reaching up to 95%, and are divided into:
- By location - on the wall or on the floor.
- By type of burner - inflatable or atmospheric.
- By the number of circuits - single or double circuit.
- According to the type of material from which the heat exchangers are made - steel or cast iron.
If it is not possible to use gas as an energy source, then units powered by electricity are often used to install a heating system in a private house. They heat the coolant with the help of several heating elements built into the heat exchanger.
The voltage consumed for heating water depends on the brand and design of the boiler and is 220 V or 380 V.
Electric boiler EVAN
Single phase voltage (220V) is used for boilers low power. Three-phase (380 V) - for more powerful devices.
Some manufacturers produce units that already include:
- circulation pump
- expansion tank
- filter
- safety valve
Despite the relatively high cost of electricity, such devices have several advantages over gas or other types of heating boilers:
- high performance - efficiency up to 95%
- silent operation
- high degree of environmental friendliness, since there are no combustion products in principle
- constant power, which does not depend on the temperature of the heat source
- simple and easy installation
- failure of one heating element does not stop the operation of the entire heating device
- the boiler power is adjusted smoothly, which eliminates sudden power surges when the device is turned off or on
Oil boilers
Oil boiler DanVex
These devices use fuel oil or diesel fuel as a heat source. They are usually installed on the floor.
The heat exchanger in them can be steel or cast iron. A distinctive feature of such devices is that they can operate both on liquid fuel and on natural or liquefied gas. To do this, only the burner is replaced from atmospheric to inflatable or vice versa. And this is done together with the installation of automatic control devices.
The interchangeability of burners is, of course, a positive fact. But negative moment when using such boilers is that sealed storage is required for fuel oil or diesel fuel. And the cost of fuel materials is not cheap.
Hence the conclusion - a liquid fuel boiler can be used as a temporary option while waiting for connection to the main gas pipeline.
Single-circuit boilers
Such devices are intended only for heating the house, and in the vast majority they are floor-standing.
There are, of course, wall-mounted boilers. They are installed in the expectation that a boiler will be placed nearby.
Dual circuit devices
In such boilers, a second heat exchanger is installed, which heats water for household needs.
Typically, such devices are small in size, attractive in design and mounted on the wall of a bathroom or kitchen. The second heat exchanger is typically a tankless water heater.
The principle of operation of the device is to automatically regulate the flow of water. When hot water is required, opening a tap automatically directs the water to the appropriate heat exchanger. And as soon as the need for it disappears, and the tap closes, the water flow goes to the heat exchanger for heating. All these operations are performed with the participation of a three-way valve on electromagnetic control.
Both double-circuit and single-circuit modern boilers are equipped with all safety attributes, including:
- circulation pump
- expansion tank
- safety valve
- thermostat
- automatic air vent
As a result of the use of all additional elements of automatic control, the heating system in a private house is easy to operate and highly efficient.
Types of burners
AT modern boilers two types of burners are used:
- atmospheric
- inflatable (fan, blow)
As a result, such heating units are called atmospheric or turbocharged. Moreover, each of them involves different devices for the removal of combustion products - coaxial chimney or chimney.
The principle of operation of an atmospheric boiler is as follows.
To maintain the flame, air is taken from the room, and the resulting combustion products are removed through specially designed chimneys. Such a system works almost silently, and its cost is an order of magnitude lower than that of turbocharged products.
Devices with fan-type burners (turbocharged boilers), or, as they are also called, with a closed combustion chamber, do not require a separate chimney. The removal of combustion products in them is carried out in a natural way. To do this, it is enough to punch a small hole in the wall or ceiling and insert a coaxial chimney into it. It is represented by two pipes mounted one inside the other. Fresh air enters through one, and gases and smoke are removed through the second.
These devices are safer compared to boilers where the combustion chamber is open. In addition, they have a high efficiency. But they have one drawback - the noise from the running fans.
Pump for forced circulation of the coolant
Forced circulation pump
This device is of two types:
- wet rotor
- dry rotor
In a wet rotor pump, the bearings are lubricated by the coolant itself circulating in the heating system, which also cools the pump.
The advantages of such devices are that they operate almost silently, do not need constant monitoring and are inexpensive.
A pump with a dry rotor implies its location outside the coolant. Its efficiency is much higher than that of "wet" devices. And hence its high power, which allows pumping large volumes of water.
Pipes for heating system
Polypropylene pipe PP-R
To create autonomous heating for a private house, the modern market offers pipes of various materials:
- steel
- cast iron
- copper
- stainless steel
- polypropylene, metal-plastic, polyvinylchloride, polyethylene and others
Regarding cast iron and stainless steel pipes, we can say that they are used extremely rarely. Some - because of the high cost, others - because of their unattractive appearance and heavy weight.
Steel pipes also began to be used less often, since they are more expensive than plastic, they are subject to corrosion, they are difficult to install, and they weigh not so little.
Note! Possible use steel pipes coated with zinc. It protects them from corrosion, but in this case, antifreeze cannot be used as a coolant.
Now, more and more often in private housing construction, plastic pipes are used, which have a lot of advantages:
- low cost
- easy and simple installation
- attractive appearance
- light weight
- no corrosion
- durability
Of metal pipes, copper pipes have many positive properties. But they are too expensive. And the complexity of installation does not allow them to be widely used.
Radiators
Radiator RADENA.
In a private house, you can install radiators from different materials:
- cast iron
- aluminum
- bimetallic alloys
- become
In addition to the material, radiators are divided by design into convector, panel and traditional.
Familiar to everyone cast iron batteries do not differ in attractive appearance, have significant weight and are difficult to assemble. But along with these shortcomings, they are inexpensive, perfectly keep heat and high pressure in the network.
Aluminum heating appliances have a more attractive appearance, also withstand high pressure in the heating system and are distinguished by good heat dissipation. But their cost is much higher than cast iron. Besides, aluminum radiators susceptible to corrosion, especially if in contact with other materials.
Bimetallic heating devices combine the properties of aluminum and steel. They differ:
- high heat transfer
- light weight
- attractive design
- under certain conditions - the absence of corrosion
- ability to withstand high pressure in the system
However, their cost is also quite high.
Convector type radiators are metal pipe, on which an accordion made of thin metal - steel or aluminum is mounted. Hot water, passing through the pipe, heats the "accordion", and the air becomes warm, circulating through the numerous fins.
Panel radiators are a combination of convector and traditional radiators that can be connected to the pipeline from below or from the side. At the same time, devices with a bottom connection allow you to install thermostats that maintain optimal temperature regime in room.
Temperature control devices
Thermoregulatory dilatometric electric devices
Control and automatic adjustment devices consist of:
- thermal heads
- control valve
The principle of operation of this device is as follows. With the help of a thermal head, the required temperature in the room is set. If it rises, then the flow of hot water to the heating device decreases. When the temperature in the room drops, the coolant automatically enters the radiator in the right amount.
This is achieved due to the special composition in the thermal head, which, when high temperature expands in the room, thereby blocking the access of water to the radiator. And it shrinks, opening the way for the coolant when the temperature in the room drops.
Thus, in each room you can set your own temperature.
Expansion tank
It can be closed (membrane) and open. Moreover, the first option has some advantages over the second. It:
- The ability to locate the tank in close proximity to the heating boiler, which eliminates unnecessary pipe installation work in the attic and completely protects the coolant from freezing.
- A closed tank means that the coolant does not come into contact with the surrounding air. And this plays a positive role in the durability of the entire system, since it eliminates the occurrence of corrosion.
- The ability to maintain high pressure, which reduces the risk of air locks.
Design features of the heating system
Heating system
We have considered almost everything for heating a private house, all the main elements of the heating system that make it up. Now it is worth paying attention to its device. The main thing here is to correctly make the wiring to the heating devices, that is, to the radiators. There is a two-pipe and one-pipe connection.
Single-pipe means the serial installation of radiators in the pipeline. The disadvantage of this wiring is that the last heating device on the path of the coolant from the boiler turns out to be colder than the first. Naturally, such wiring is cheaper, since pipes are required 2 times less.
The two-pipe system consists in the fact that 2 pipes are connected to each heating device - one with hot water (direct) and a “return”. At the same time, radiators can be connected both in parallel and in a radial way. Each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages.
For example, with a beam scheme, this is a large consumption of pipes. But it makes it possible to easily adjust the temperature in each radiator.
Conclusion
We tried to tell you everything about. There are also methods of heating with infrared devices, underfloor heating systems, as well as convector heating using electric heaters.
But all this can be used as an addition to the main heating circuit or for temporary use. After all, electricity as a way to generate heat is quite an expensive pleasure.
Now, knowing the basic principles of the device of the heating system, you can make right choice in favor of one or another method of heating your home.
The maximum return on the heating system in a private house will be if the owner chooses radiators that are optimal in terms of power and other characteristics, connect them according to a correctly drawn up scheme, and ensure appropriate operation and maintenance of the entire system. The schemes for connecting heating radiators in a private house, developed by specialists, are aimed specifically at selecting the optimal installation option for any architectural housing solutions. The general scheme of piping and connection of heating devices, boiler and stop valves for a one- or two-story building, it might look like this:
Features of the installation of heating radiators
Each a private house- the structure is individual and unique, therefore, a specific scheme for connecting heating batteries in a private house is drawn up based on the realities of housing and its architecture. Violation of the installation can lead to the fact that the radiators will warm up unevenly, there will be air locks, the movement of the coolant will be hindered, and the efficiency of the boiler and energy consumption will be minimized.
You can draw up a scheme yourself, having at least some experience in home and construction work, but it is easier and more efficient to contact the appropriate company, leaving the organization to take responsibility for the quality work of heating in your home. When developing and implementing a piping and installation scheme for all communications, attention should be paid to the following points:
- Check the compliance of the theoretical installation of pipes and radiators with the actual characteristics of the purchased devices and materials, using calculations of similar schemes;
- Ensure the correct and consistent connection of the system components - these are pipes, shut-off, control and control valves, a heating boiler and pumps;
- Select materials, assemblies and parts that are best suited for the selected scheme.
The next stage is the choice of the location and the scheme for connecting radiators in accordance with the existing SNiP:
- There must be a distance ≥ 10-12 cm between the floor and the lower edge of the battery;
- There should be a distance of ≥ 8-10 cm between the window sill and the upper edge of the radiator;
- There must be a distance of ≥ 2 cm between the rear wall of the radiator and the wall of the house;
- It is undesirable to place radiators in niches or cover them with decorative screens.
Important: If you neglect these simple rules, then the heat transfer coefficient of the radiator will decrease significantly, causing disruptions in the operation of the entire heating system.
Optimal location for installing radiators in any room - under the window, and if there is no window - next to the door. That is, the heat source must stop the outgoing flows of cold air. If there are several windows in the room, then, if possible, it is recommended to place radiators under each window, connecting them in series. If the room is angular, then several radiators should also be installed along the cold wall. Such a scheme for connecting heating in a private house will not be much more expensive, but it will provide heat to any room, even unsuitable for heating.
Modern heating schemes imply that each radiator has the option of manual or automatic heating control - valves or valves, automatic thermostats. These mechanisms allow you to adjust the heat transfer of a single radiator in manual or automatic mode.
Types of piping
It is recommended to connect batteries or radiators in one of two options - this is a single-circuit (single-pipe) and double-circuit (two-pipe) radiator connection scheme. Heating along one circuit is common in high-rise buildings, since in them hot water is first supplied upward, and after bypassing all the radiators, it is supplied to the boiler through the return pipe (return pipe). Such a solution does not oblige the use of a circulation pump, since water, when supplied from above, itself creates pressure to move the coolant. If the boiler is located below the upper floor, then a circulation pump must be connected.
Advantages of a single-circuit piping scheme:
- Cheap circuit parts and assemblies, low labor costs, a small amount of materials used;
- Easy installation and maintenance of the system;
- Ability to combine with other heating systems - "warm floor" and non-standard heating appliances- registers or homemade batteries;
- Installation in rooms with any architecture and geometry;
- Aesthetically minimalist design.
Flaws:
- Complex hydraulic and thermal calculations;
- Pressure and heat transfer on a single radiator can be adjusted, but changes in heat transfer will affect other heating devices;
- The need to create high pressure in pipes - by natural or forced means.
Important: When operating a single-circuit system, sometimes there are difficulties with the free circulation of hot water or antifreeze, which are completely solved by including a pump for forced circulation of the coolant in the circuit.
Connecting batteries through two pipes at home is based on the principle of parallel connection of all batteries in the house. Thus, the supply pipe is not structurally connected with the pipe for returning the cooled water to the system, but together the pipes are combined only at the end point.
Advantages of a two-circuit scheme:
- It is possible to install automatic thermostats on each radiator;
- Convenient maintenance and good maintainability of the system - any work can be carried out on a local site without turning off all the heating in the house;
Flaws:
- Installation of a two-pipe circuit is more expensive, the assembly and configuration time for all elements and assemblies is higher than that of a single-circuit heating circuit.
Solutions for connecting radiators
In addition to the existing and tested solutions for piping options for heating, several working schemes have been developed and implemented on how to properly include radiators in the circuit. These are the following solutions:
Lateral or one-sided connection of radiators in the system: the hot water supply pipe and the coolant return pipe are connected on one side of the radiator. Such a connection solves the problem of equal heating of each section of the radiator, the cost of purchasing components and parts is minimal, the volume of coolant in the system also tends to a minimum. Such a scheme is often used in high-rise buildings, where there is always a large number of batteries or radiators. If the radiator in the side circuit is multi-section, then the far sections will warm up much weaker, therefore the optimal number of sections for any radiator or battery option is 12. If this solution is not suitable, it is better to turn on the device in a different way - with a lower or diagonal connection.
A diagonal or cross connection is suitable for heating appliances with more than 12 sections. It is called a diagonal circuit because the supply pipe is supplied from above and the return pipe is from below, with both pipes located at opposite ends of the battery. Here, the supply pipe, as in the previous connection diagram, is connected from above, and the return pipe is connected from below, but they are supplied from opposite sides of the radiator. When organizing such a connection, the device warms up in all sections evenly, which increases heat transfer throughout the system.
The lower connection or "Leningrad" is suitable for heating systems with hidden pipes - in walls or under floors. Both pipes - both the supply and the return - are connected to the radiator from below, to the opposite sections on the radiator. There is only one drawback of such a scheme - high heat losses, which can reach 12-14%. Heat leakage can be minimized by including air valves in the circuit, which will remove air from pipes, increasing thermal power radiator. So that the radiator can be repaired and serviced with such a connection, the supply and return are equipped with special valves, and for regulation - with an automatic thermostat that cuts into the coolant supply pipe.
Installation of radiators
You can develop and connect the heating system in your home on your own, without spending money on the services of professionals. Moreover, the connection schemes are simple and do not require the use of special tools and expensive materials. It is only important to observe the technology and sequence of operations. If all connections are sealed and assembled according to the scheme, then there will be no problems with starting and subsequent operation of the heating, and the cost of materials and work will be minimal.
How to install a new radiator:
- Before dismantling the old radiator and installing a new appliance, it is necessary to turn off the heating with the main valve on the boiler;
- Mounting points for the new radiator are marked. Typically, the radiator is hung on the brackets included in the kit, which are attached to the wall with dowels;
- The radiator is assembled - adapters are screwed into the mounting holes on the FUM tape or tow, which are supplied with the radiator.
Important: there should be four adapters for connecting a radiator: two with a left-hand thread, and two with a right-hand thread.
- Threaded holes in radiators that will not be used for connection are closed: one with a Mayevsky tap, the rest with locking caps. FUM or tow is wound: on the right - clockwise, on the left - counterclockwise;
- Ball valves are connected to the connection points to the pipes;
- The radiator is fixed in place with brackets, and connected to the pipes - do not forget to use winding to seal;
- The system is being pressure tested, commissioning is being carried out.
Before connecting a battery or a heating radiator to a system organized according to any scheme presented, you should select the type of piping and the scheme for connecting pipes and radiators. You can do the work on piping, assembling the circuit and connecting radiators with your own hands, correlating your own requirements for building codes and installation technology.
- Work in the opposite direction - the supply pipe is confused in places with the return pipe. The error is visible during commissioning - the radiators do not warm up well, air jams immediately form;
- Radiators are closed with decorative grilles and screens that make it difficult to access the thermostat. The movement of warm air is limited, the regulator can turn off the boiler when the radiators are slightly warmed up, which in general leads to a 20% loss of heat transfer. Therefore, the screens should be as lattice as possible, and not deaf. Without valves, the batteries will warm up unevenly;
- Installing the thermostat head in a vertical position will cause interruptions in its operation. Correcting the situation is simple - just change the position of the head.
Heating connection diagram in a private house updated: March 8, 2017 by: crunch0
The scheme for connecting the heating of a private house involves an accurate calculation of the air flows in the building, only this approach will successfully solve the problem of heating with minimal installation and maintenance costs.
Summer outside the city is always a small everyday holiday for the inhabitants of the middle lane. Nature, air, and if there is a pond and a forest nearby, then it is doubly wonderful. And you decide to extend this joy to the cold months of the year. But we have to pay for all our desires. For the desire to stay outside the city for the winter, you will have to pay with the creation of a reliable heating system. Without this event, a dream to meet New Year in his house outside the city, so it will remain a dream.
If you have already decided to spend in your country house all year round
First you need to determine enough free space to accommodate the main stationary equipment and decide on the type of system as a whole.
There are 2 types of heating regarding the water supply system to the house:
- open: here the coolant is supplied to the system from common system water supply, so the heating connection must be strictly tied to the point of convenient access for water to enter the house;
- closed: does not depend on the water supply system, the coolant circulates only inside the heating, thus, its periodic replenishment is required.
It must be understood that when talking about a coolant, ordinary water is not at all meant.
If you have chosen, then, indeed, at your disposal to fill it is water "from the street", from an underground well. In this situation, it is impossible to avoid installing a filter at the inlet of such water to the heating system.
Refusal of the filter either speaks of your complete confidence in the purity of the water, the absence of any impurities, or your carelessness, which will lead to the heating failure literally for the next season.
After all, all impurities in the water will be deposited inside all heating devices within six months. See what happens to your kettle after a month of constant use and think about what will happen inside the pipes in six months.
The term "coolant" refers primarily to closed system heating, when not just water circulates inside, but water with additives:
- against all precipitation;
- against clogging of pipes;
- against pipe corrosion;
- against freezing of water in the system during its shutdown.
This is exactly what is called a coolant.
The main criterion for choosing the location of the boiler should also be the condition for creating the so-called gravitational pressure - its location below the cooling points or radiators.
The heating circuit includes the elements:
- Heating boiler as the main element of the system;
- Circulation pump, to ensure the circulation of water;
- The filter of the water entering the system, if it is open;
- Thermostatic valve that allows you to control and regulate the temperature of the water inside the heating;
- Safety valve, to adjust the pressure in the system;
- Radiator, as the main "visible" elements that are installed directly in heated rooms;
- ball valve(valve), for access to the coolant;
- Membrane, as an auxiliary device - a container with a coolant.
Useful advice!
With all the advantages and disadvantages of the two types of heating systems given, we recommend, if possible, to stop at a closed one.
Yes, such a system requires more attention to maintenance.
But, at the same time, she, precisely as a result of more careful supervision of her, will “live” much longer.
It turns out a kind of unity of necessity and sufficiency.
Types of heating systems depending on the nature of water circulation
An independent heating connection scheme also requires determining whether this system will have:
- natural or;
- forced circulation of the coolant.
In the first case, the system does not have a pump and the coolant circulates according to the laws of gravity, also taking into account the important fact that heat rises and cold sinks.
The second case is much more efficient, it assumes the presence of a pump, which will provide a much more efficient circulation of the coolant in the system. But even though there is a pump, an emergency bypass (bypass) is always organized in case of problems with the pump and the need, nevertheless, to provide heating when the system is transferred to natural circulation.
Types of heating systems in relation to radiators
The connection of the heating system largely depends on the order in which the radiators are connected.
There are 5 ways to connect radiators:
- upper, when the coolant enters and exits the upper connectors of the pipelines;
- lower, respectively - from the lower connectors;
- one-sided, when the coolant enters the radiator through the top connector, and exits through the bottom, but on the same side of the radiator;
- diagonal, when the input, again through the top connector, and the output - through the bottom, but on the other side of the radiator;
- spot - a rarely used method, largely depending on the type of radiator used; in this method, the input and output are organized from one of the four corners of the radiator.
An analysis of 5 possible methods leads to the conclusion that the choice of a method largely depends on the type of radiators themselves. Thus, do not forget to first choose the connection method for yourself, and then choose the radiators.
Number of pipes in the system
An important characteristic of any heating scheme is the number of pipeline paths in it. There really isn't a lot of choice here.
At your disposal:
- one-pipe scheme;
- two-pipe.
- In a single-pipe, the hot incoming coolant and the cooled outgoing coolant circulate through the same pipe.
This scheme is simpler, cheaper. But its drawback is obvious - each subsequent radiator will receive a coolant that has already given up part of its heat to the previous radiator.
In such a connection scheme, it is difficult to maintain a uniform coolant temperature along the entire system.
- An alternative is a two-pipe scheme. Such a scheme provides for the supply of coolant to each radiator through one pipe, and the removal of waste through another.
Such a scheme provides much greater efficiency of the entire heating system.
There are various schemes for connecting radiators,
does not interfere with thinking about the possibility of switching from one to another
Useful advice!
When using a two-pipe scheme, we strongly advise you to go further and include in your scheme a distribution center to which all outgoing "hot" pipes are connected, and the same center for all "incoming, cold" pipes.
This will allow much more efficient control of the coolant flow in the system.
In addition, it is very useful to provide each radiator with two taps to cut off the flow of water at the inlet and outlet.
Moreover, the smart organization of the radiator also involves providing a bypass channel for the coolant of the radiator - a bypass. Of course, this is done in case of emergency.
Connecting a radiator is not only a choice of connection method, but also the supply of each valve at the inlet and outlet, as well as pipelines bypassing the radiator - bypasses
Thus, a self-made and implemented heating scheme in a private house is a combination of solid knowledge in this area, strict guidance on such materials as the “Instruction” for the use of each equipment used and design ingenuity.
When using a forced coolant circulation system
it is very important to provide a bypass line for the pump in case of failure
Creating a heating system takes time, forethought and knowledge. Of course, you can view a lot of video and photo materials on our website on this issue, you can seek advice from specialists. But if you have even the slightest doubt, it is better to entrust the execution of all work to specialists.
After all, the price for poor-quality work can be very high, up to the condition of the house as a whole and the well-being of its inhabitants.
Thus, the complete scheme for connecting the heating system,
if you decide to use heated floors,
might look like this
This will be even more important if you decide to equip your house with an underfloor heating system. This will certainly provide even more comfort in your home. In any case, you will need to accurately calculate everything and take an active part in providing heating for your home, because you still have to maintain the system.