Types of wood boilers. Scheme of heating wood boiler. Classification of solid fuel boilers
It's no secret to anyone that a private house- whether it is a dacha or an alternative to an apartment - it requires attention and maintenance. Life in a private house is always more pleasant than the walls of an apartment located in high-rise building with a common courtyard, the smell of the city and other shortcomings. But among the first tasks that arise from the very beginning and are relevant throughout the entire period of operation of the house is its heating.
Because of this mode of operation, the wood gasifier boiler achieves very high efficiency and causes only low emissions. The wood gasification principle also works with the combi boiler, allowing the addition of wood as well as the combustion of pellets.
Instructions for making a wood-fired boiler
Thanks to the operation of the boiler with a wood gas generator, both wood and wood gas generated during combustion are used to produce heat. As a result, the wood gasifier boiler principle provides a high level of wood gasifier efficiency. The amount of heat produced depends on the quality of the firewood. The operation of a wood gasifier has another advantage: the combustion of wood and wood gas gives the wood gasifier boiler very little emission to the environment.
Choosing a heating system can be much more difficult than it seems at first glance. It is necessary to approach the issue correctly, taking into account the individual characteristics of a particular house, having studied various options and pitfalls. The heart of such a system is the boiler, from which, in fact, you need to start solving your issue.
Combined with the higher efficiency of the wood gasifier heater compared to traditional wood heating systems that simply burn wood, a particular environmental benefit is created here. Controlled by lambda sensors. Pneumatic primary and secondary air dampers are infinitely adjustable for power control and optimal working comfort. High efficiency over 90% High temperature vortex chamber provides very low values emissions.
Long combustion times thanks to optimally utilized filling space. Operation from the front is optimally accessible and easy to handle. Purchase new system heating is an investment for the next decades. Therefore, a reliable, durable design is of great importance.
The most relevant today is the solution using solid fuel boiler . The purchase of this type of equipment is the best advice in a situation with heating a private house. This is justified by a number of factors that make a solid fuel boiler an indispensable unit.
The rest can be tricky! At a glance, all parameters can be read and can be adjusted using simple knobs. The heater should be simple and efficient. Heating with logs is the cheapest and most popular heating method. Wood gasifiers are available in various performance classes. Replacing an old burner with a modern wood gasifier boiler saves heating costs due to significantly higher efficiency.
To get a quick and uncomplicated price quote for a wood gas boiler or for a complete quote including installation, we have set up an online price configurator for you. An online price calculator. It may be worth replacing with a wood gasifier heater. Operating and heating costs per se are much more favorable for heating systems using wood gasifiers than for oil or gas, since biomass is a significant advantage as a heating medium.
Advantages of solid fuel boilers
So what distinguishes it from fellow boilers is that it is solid fuel? Why did such boilers gain popularity so quickly, and what specific advantages does it have? Reviews of solid fuel boilers long burning the most positive ones are based on the advantages of this equipment, and the main ones are:
In the long term, wood prices are not expected in the long term, since wood is an almost universally available raw material that is not associated with certain industries. In all cases, wood gasifiers are also more environmentally friendly in terms of climate impact and sulfur dioxide emissions than fossil fuels.
If you'd like a better picture of our products, and if you'd like independent feedback from our customers, we'd love to arrange a visit to one of our many reference customers in your area. Directly on the motorway between Linz and Salzburg, you have the opportunity to visit all products and have detailed consultations with our experts.
- High level of efficiency . The equipment is designed in such a way that the process of fuel combustion occurs rationally.
- Environmental friendliness . By using carbon monoxide as fuel rather than emitting it through a chimney into the atmosphere, a nearly waste-free production effect is achieved without pollution. environment.
- Ease of adjustment . The process occurs by changing the amount of air supplied. It is also possible to adjust the temperature of the water in the system.
- Automation . The presence of automation in various boilers carries out their intelligent regulation, including signals about a safety threat and leads to automatic shutdown.
- economy . The cost of firewood, for example, is fifteen times lower than the cost of electricity, and the possibility of combining various kinds fuel is unique, in terms of convenience and economy.
- autonomy . In its operation, the boiler does not require connection to electrical and other utilities.
- Safety and working life . A special heat exchanger is designed in such a way that the system does not overheat excessively, which directly affects the life of the boiler. With the help of a thermostat, adjustment and a smooth transition between modes are carried out.
How is it structured and on what technical principles does it work? How the carburetor differs from other systems wood heating? What is the efficiency of a wood gasification boiler? The so-called wood gasifier boiler is a special piece of wood heating, the special feature of which is that wood gasification and wood gas combustion occur spatially. Therefore, they can be controlled separately. This, on the other hand, leads to very high efficiency and, on the other hand, to very low pollutant emissions.
Scheme of a solid fuel boiler - Photo 03
The principle of operation and types of solid fuel systems
As solid fuel, for the operation of boilers, various types of it can be used. A common "food" for such units is coal and wood raw materials, pellets and more. It is also often possible to find solid fuel boilers for long burning, in which it is possible to combine different types fuel.
Determining the type of boiler and alternative designations
Wood gasifier boiler, also called wood gasification stove, is a boiler. This is a technical version of the so-called log boiler. This means that the wood gasifier boiler belongs to the so-called solid fuel boilers that burn solid, fossil, or biogenic fuels, including logs and logs.
The last type of fuel brought the boiler of the boiler to the boiler. Along with logs, wood chips or wood briquettes are also used in carburetors. Due to the specific function, the wood gasifier boiler is also called fire boiler. With a wood gas boiler, you burn this wood to generate heat.
A solid fuel heating boiler is a device that, in some cases, is refueled after at least 30 hours. This is due to the special principle of fuel combustion. The combustion process occurs in layers, from top to bottom.
Connection diagrams for solid fuel boilers
On the other hand, you also use the wood gas generated during the wood burning process to generate heat. Thus, the wood gasifier boiler has high efficiency. The amount of heat generated, among other things, also depends on the quality of the firewood. In addition to the high efficiency, the advantage is that only a very small amount of emissions is released during the combustion of wood and wood gas.
Typical design and operation of a wood gasifier boiler
As a solid fuel boiler, the wood-fired boiler works as follows.
Gradual burning of wood board from top to bottom
The wood to be fired, the fuel, is fed into the combustion chamber in batches. It is continuously combusted into gas using the heat of combustion generated during operation, for which oxygen is added in a controlled manner.Wood is the most popular type of fuel today. . This is because long-burning wood-fired heating boilers have a number of advantages, including those mentioned above. The low cost of the boiler itself, as well as the unpretentiousness in maintenance and the quality of combustible material, make it very convenient for the layman to operate. The minimum price of a long-burning wood-burning boiler for a house will be about 30 thousand rubles.
The wood gasifier boiler has a so-called fire-resistant ceramic burner plate that divides the actual combustion chamber into an upper chamber and a lower chamber, each with its own functionality. Thus, a piece of wood lies in layers on the burner plate in the upper chamber, thus acting as a wood gasifier. In addition to the hole to fill the piece of wood, it has no further opening, so it points upward towards it.
Empty the gasifier wood boiler, due to the changing heat of the burning wood, the moisture in the wood slotted evaporators will evaporate. Thus, the wood loses residual moisture, it is dried. Only when this process is completed will the actual gasification of the wood begin: the light gas components are already "pre-burned" above the burner plate. The resulting combustible gases then permeate downwards with the burning coal, which has not yet been burned, with a flaming charcoal lying on the burner plate, into the second combustion chamber, in which combustible parts of wood gases are also burned, creating high temperatures of about 100 degrees Celsius.
Special mention should be made pyrolysis equipment . wood boilers long burning can also function according to the pyrolysis method, during which the burned fuel is split, releasing wood gas, and it, in turn, is burned. Due to this, the time between loading fuel into the boiler increases significantly. This significantly distinguishes such equipment from conventional solid fuel. Being very economical, pyrolysis boilers are distinguished by a high price and are very demanding on the quality of solid fuels. Therefore, if you want to pay less during operation and receive more, the pyrolysis unit is for you.
The resulting exhaust gases are finally directed upward from the lower combustion chamber to the exhaust gas connection as they pass the upper combustion chamber. Expert knowledge. In a wood gas boiler, the fuel burns downwards, so that very hot combustion gases are generated at the bottom of the boiler. This is the reason why wood gasifier boilers of this type are also known as lintels.
The described functional principle means that the natural smoke effect does not occur in the wood gasifier boiler. For the natural tendency of hot gases not to flow down, but up, a bolt is technically developed here. Without a used blower to direct the combustion gases into the lower chamber and further to the exhaust gas connection, hot exhaust gases accumulate in the upper combustion chamber and accumulate.
Coal heating option almost as common as a long-burning wood-fired heating boiler. In addition, there are pellet aggregates that have all the same advantages. When buying fuel in the form of pellets, you can always vary its price and quality when choosing. Fuel pellets are an excellent option in cases where it is not possible and necessary to stock up on coal, firewood or other types of fuel.
As a result, the wood gasifier kettle will run out, or he won't even get fired. Gas permeability and amount of filling of the combustion chamber. . will have a strong effect on the chimney effect, so that throughput air will be difficult to control. It is for this reason that a fan, usually electrically driven, is used in wood gasifier boilers. Depending on the design of the wood boiler.
Adjustable combustion air supply
Either a heat resistant suction fan in the exhaust stream or a pressure blower in the fresh air supply. As with any wood stove, the combustion air supplied is also split into a wood burning boiler. The upper chamber of the wood gasifier is charged with primary air. It serves to control the gasification and thus control the operation of the boiler. Secondary air is mixed with wood gas in the bottom chamber of the wood gasifier so that it burns completely.
The device of a pellet solid fuel boiler for long burning - Photo 07
Keeping up with the times, you want to succeed in everything. Especially for this case, there are autonomous heating boilers operating on solid fuel. The system allows the user to be absent during its operation. Have you gone to visit? For the weekend? The automation system is responsible for the safety of the equipment, can be regulated by the control panel, and modern manufacturers can even offer such an option as notification and report on the operation of the boiler on a mobile phone.
Schedule: circuit diagram counterflow gasification systems and direct current. The optimization of the primary and secondary air supply is always carried out separately. The amount of air supplied varies depending on the manufacturer and design of the wood gasifier boiler.
Boilers with manual control and electronic control. . In the case of boilers with wood gas generator with electronic control. Either only the exhaust fan or blower via rotation speed, or alternatively the amount of secondary air. However, for this purpose, the residual oxygen content in the exhaust gases must be constantly detected using a lambda probe. In addition, the wood gasifier boiler, like all solid fuel boilers, has protection against heat leakage.
Among other features of modern solid fuel boilers, one should also recall the factor of loading fuel into it. Due to the possibility of loading a large volume of combustible material, you will ensure uninterrupted operation of the device for a very long period.
How to choose a boiler
The first question would be what power should be your heating equipment and how to calculate it. It is generally accepted that 10 m2 of a room consumes 1 kW of power. That is, multiplying the quantity square meters the area to be heated by 100 W, you will get the required boiler power. For confidence, it is recommended to add 10% to the result.
Buffers are required for wood-burning boilers with a capacity of more than four kilowatts
Thus, it is not an element that is directly related to the wood gasifier boiler, but instead its function as a storage component that stores excess heat for later use during its production. The buffer is designed to protect the environment, since the wood gasifier boiler always operates at rated load, i.e. in optimum operating condition. On the other hand, the buffer also serves for comfort, since the wood gasifier boiler does not need to be constantly lit, but only to heat the buffer storage, if necessary.
However, with a more meticulous and professional approach, one should also take into account the height of the ceilings, and climatic conditions region, and even the degree of thermal insulation of the walls. If necessary, experts will help you with this.
The next major factor for you should be comfort. As it will be possible to feel later, it lies in the frequency of loading fuel into the boiler. In accordance with this condition, it will be necessary to consider various options, since the price can fluctuate very much.
Nowadays, you can purchase any kind of long-burning boiler by contacting a specialized company. Based on your wishes, preferences, as well as the size of the budget, you will select the necessary equipment, and the specialists of this company will help you with this.
In general, wood-burning boilers are modernized analogues of stoves that ran on solid fuels. Wood stoves can have different designs and shapes, depending on the manufacturer. But the device and the principle of operation are the same.
So, the device of wood stoves can be described as follows:
- Furnace for combustion of fuel. It occupies the central part of the device. Firewood is placed here, which burns here.
- Ash pan. It is located at the bottom of the firebox for burning fuel. The ash pan and the furnace are separated from each other by a grate.
- Heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is built into the boiler and runs along its entire perimeter. A coolant moves inside the heat exchanger, which takes the energy released as a result of the combustion of firewood in the furnace, as a result of which it heats up.
- Branch pipes. The boiler is built into an existing heating system. It has an inlet cold water, and a branch pipe for output hot water. Water, heated in the boiler, is then transferred through pipes to the remaining elements of the heating system, and thus heats the entire house.
- Chimney. It serves to remove the smoke that is formed as a result of the combustion of fuel in the furnace of the device. Also, as a result of burning firewood, soot remains. It is delayed by the walls of the chimney, and accumulates there. If the amount of soot on the walls of the chimney exceeds a certain amount, then it can catch fire during the operation of the stove. Therefore, it is necessary to clean the chimney regularly. There are special brushes for this.
- Air inlets. It is known that the fire goes out if the air supply is blocked. Therefore, wood-burning stoves have openings with dampers through which air enters the furnace.
It should be noted that in modern boilers, air is supplied from the top of the device. As a result, the fuel begins to burn from top to bottom, which increases the duration of combustion. First, the air reaches the upper layers of the stack, and cannot penetrate into the lower layers, so the top layer burns out first, after which the lower layers begin to burn.
Manufacturers of wood-fired boilers seek to increase the burning time of wood in various ways, as a result of which a wide variety of stoves have appeared on the market. But the classification will be discussed a little later.
Wood stoves are usually used in villages and villages where houses are located far from the central gas supply, as a result of which gas boilers are going out of use. Also wood stoves actively used by summer residents. They are also used in home saunas and baths.
Pros and cons
Wood-fired units have a number of advantages and disadvantages. So the advantages are:
- Electricity independence. Wood-fired boilers operate regardless of the availability of electricity, so even if there are interruptions in the supply of electricity, these units will work smoothly.
- Environmental friendliness. Firewood is an environmentally friendly raw material, so no harmful substances are released during the combustion process.
- Availability of raw materials. For those who live in villages and villages near forests, it is not difficult to get firewood.
- Low cost. This equipment is inexpensive.
- Easy installation. Installation of equipment is quite simple, without much effort.
And now let's talk about the disadvantages:
- The presence of a person. This equipment requires the presence of a person nearby. But modern units began to be produced with automation.
- The weight. The solid fuel unit has a rather large weight, since the body is made of cast iron. But if you look at it from the other side, then cast iron is a durable material.
- Fuel consumption. Fuel is quickly consumed during combustion.
- Big sizes. Wood-fired units are quite large in size. This is due to the fact that a lot of firewood needs to be burned at one time, since the calorie content of firewood is not very high.
Wood boiler heating scheme
The principle of operation and the heating scheme of the heating system, in which the solid fuel unit is built, can be represented as follows: first, the owner puts fuel into the furnace. Then, with the help of automation, the burner is turned on, as a result of which the fuel in the furnace lights up. Combustion is maintained by the air that enters the furnace. At this time, the coolant moves through the heat exchanger.
While the coolant goes all the way around the perimeter of the furnace, it has time to heat up. The heated liquid goes through pipes to radiators and other elements that are built into heating system. Then the cold liquid again enters the equipment, where it heats up again. So the process is repeated again.
Kinds
Wood-fired units can be classified depending on how the fuel combustion process occurs. So, there are three types:
- Pyrolysis. These units are also called gas generators in another way. The principle of operation is based on a process called pyrolysis. Pyrolysis is the process of decomposition of fuel under the action of high temperature without air access. In such boilers, air access to the furnace is blocked completely or partially. Inside the firebox is created heat causing the wood to decompose. During decomposition, various gases are released, including carbon monoxide. All this gas is discharged into a separate chamber, where it burns completely. Thus, a large amount of heat is released, which heats the coolant.
- Pellet. Pellet boilers are sharply different in shape from other types of wood-burning units. They have an external and internal auger. They work on pellets. Pellets are firewood made from the remains of woodworking processes. Through the external auger, the pellets are delivered to the internal auger, through which they are delivered to the burner nozzles located at the bottom of the device. At this moment, the burner comes into action, and the pellets begin to burn, during which energy is released, which is used to heat the coolant. Due to the fact that the pellets burn efficiently, little ash remains as a result of combustion, so the ash pan can only be cleaned once a week. But when installing units operating on pellets, it is necessary to fulfill a number of requirements:
- Installation should be carried out in a separate room.
- The floors in the room where the unit is installed must be covered with concrete or ceramic tiles.
- The room must be well ventilated.
- There should be plenty of free space in the room so that it is convenient to carry out repairs and maintenance of equipment.
How to choose
When choosing a wood-fired boiler, you should pay attention to the following requirements:
- Boilers must be made of cast iron or steel. But steel counterparts, although inferior in price, are of low quality compared to cast iron ones.
- The base of the equipment must be level and smooth. Due to the fact that the boilers are mainly made of cast iron, they are too heavy. Therefore, before installation, you should prepare concrete base 15 cm high.
- Modern boilers must have overheat protection devices. Many equipment has special devices that can take part of the heat if the fuel is overheated, and vice versa, give off heat if the fuel cools down.
Popular models and cost
To date, boilers of the following model ranges are very popular on the market:
- Zota Pellet. Furnaces of this model have an efficiency of 90%. They have sensors and automation that allow you to maintain the temperature at a given level. There is also the ability to communicate with outdoor sensors, which makes it possible to set the settings according to weather conditions. Power can reach up to 100 kW. Prices vary from 140,000 rubles to 390,000 rubles.
- KVR. Boilers of this model range have power up to 40 kW. One bookmark of firewood burns for 12 hours. Prices vary from 55,000 rubles to 68,000 rubles.
- Geyser. Furnaces of this series can work for 18 hours without additional loading of firewood. The price reaches 190,000 rubles.