Automatic solid fuel boiler of long burning - a detailed description. Automatic solid fuel boilers
By installing a solid fuel boiler with automatic fuel supply, several problems can be solved at once: increase the operating time of heating equipment and reduce the need for constant maintenance. In fact, autonomous stations are able to work without human intervention throughout the entire heating season.
How does an automatic solid fuel boiler work
An individual solid fuel automatic boiler is a completely autonomous thermal station. All processes, from ignition to the removal of combustion products, are carried out automatically.There are automatic TT boilers with varying degrees of automation. Fuel briquettes and pellets, as well as coal, are fed into the furnace by means of a vacuum or screw conveyor. Firewood is loaded manually.
According to the type of fuel bunker used, there are two main types of automatic boilers:
In addition to the fuel storage device, automatic boilers differ in the presence of a special burner device and a fuel supply system.
Burner device of automatic TT boiler
Autonomous solid fuel heating boilers with automatic fuel supply, use a special burner device, closely connected with the supply system. Automation controls the intensity and speed of fuel supply to the burner, and thus changes the heating temperature. Modern models operate in the boiler power modulation mode, ranging from 30 to 100%.Combustion is carried out under forced air pressure, which ensures a minimum percentage of underburning and ash residue. The burner device is equipped with movable grates. After the combustion of the fuel, the ash is poured into a special box.
The auto air supply system is also connected to automation. AT modern boilers, preheated air is supplied to the burner, which makes it possible to burn even raw materials with a high content of specific humidity.
When the limit temperature of heating the coolant is reached, the automation gives a signal to turn off. The fuel conveyor slows down its movement, maintaining a minimum supply of pellets to the burner. After the coolant cools down, the movement resumes in full.
Ignition is performed by the plasma method. The burner has an optical sensor that detects the presence of a flame. When the fire is extinguished, the automation gives a signal to re-ignite.
In the event of an emergency, the automation stops automated system fuel supply and gives a signal to turn off the fans, which leads to a rapid extinction of the flame in the boiler.
Methods for automatic supply of solid fuel
Household automatic solid fuel heating boilers use two main types of pellet feed to the burner:Each type of fuel loading has its advantages and disadvantages. When choosing, they are guided by the actual characteristics of the building: the remoteness of the storage from the boiler, the frequency of power outages, etc.
Which automated solid fuel boiler to choose
An automated boiler must meet several important criteria. The selected models are subject to the following requirements:- Reliability.
- Sufficient performance.
- Complete autonomy.
The most popular brands of boilers
It is believed that the best automatic solid fuel boilers are manufactured in EU countries. AT recent times, domestic equipment is gradually winning the leading positions.The popularity of a product determines the demand for it, reflected in the number of sales and reviews, positive or negative. The statistical reports received made it possible to compile an approximate rating of automatic solid fuel boilers, compiled, depending on the geographical location:
- Germany is the undisputed leader in production automatic systems and heating boilers. The quality of products is time-tested. Automation works flawlessly. The only thing that somewhat reduces popularity is the high cost, which, however, is fully justified. Heiztechnik and ThermoFLUX products are especially popular.
- Japan - Asian products are produced in the premium class. Automation has numerous additional functions that facilitate control and provide ease of use. One of the most popular models, with the maximum degree of automation, is produced by Kentatsu.
- Italy - among the products, FACI boilers are especially distinguished, having a beautiful appearance and fully comply with the requirements in force in the EU. Italian products are popular due to the adaptation of the internal structure of boilers to domestic conditions.
- Turkey - produces products in the middle price category. Boilers are offered by Termodinamik, Caldera Caltherm, Emtas. According to their characteristics, the products are almost identical to Russian counterparts, but inferior to them in quality.
- Russia - over the past 5 years, solid fuel boilers from Russian manufacturers have become truly high-quality equipment that can compete even with well-known European brands. According to a recent statistical report, the following models are especially popular: Obshchemash Valdai, Obshchemash Peresvet, Danko, Pereko.
- China - products made in the "Celestial Empire" do not differ in special build quality and reliability. You can stop your choice on only 1-2 models worthy of attention, thanks to the successful configuration and great functionality. Termal automatic stations are factory assembled and tested for ultimate loads.
- Serbia - not yet widely used and popular among domestic consumers, the products of the company Radijator, whose factories are located in Serbia. Boilers are traditionally manufactured in accordance with EU standards and undergo quality control.
The cost of automatic TT boilers
Modern types of automatic solid fuel heating boilers are a fully equipped and ready-to-work station, therefore, by default, they cannot be cheap. Models offered by a domestic manufacturer are offered starting from 80 - 100 thousand rubles.A little more expensive, it is Italian technology. A 15 kW household boiler can be purchased for 140 thousand rubles.
Japanese and German boilers cost about the same. The domestic consumer is offered to buy a station for 450-600 thousand rubles. The high price is quite justified, especially considering what specifications distinguish Japanese and German automatic TT boilers. In the course of work, about 30% of fuel are saved, start is carried out by pressing of one key. The boiler will work without stopping for a year.
Advantages and disadvantages of TT boilers with automatic loading
To form a real opinion and see all the advantages and disadvantages associated with the purchase of equipment with automatic loading, you will need to take into account the operating experience and feedback from the owners on the use of boilers.As cons, there are two main disadvantages:
- The complexity of the connection - it will not work to install on your own. Installation costs will be about 20% of the cost of the station.
- Energy dependence - the main disadvantage of automatic boilers is the dependence of their work on the availability of electricity. Automation is sensitive to voltage drops and fails at the slightest jump in the network. Therefore, the connection is made through
It is impossible to imagine any heating equipment related to the heating of residential premises without automation. The equipment of heating devices with certain mechanisms, devices and devices not only increases the efficiency of the boiler equipment, but also ensures the safety of the operation of boiler equipment. A solid fuel heating boiler, although it is a high-tech device today, like other types of heating devices, needs to be equipped with automation.
Compared to classic solid fuel boilers, heating units manufactured today are the most automated devices. Automatic solid fuel boilers cope with their tasks without human intervention. During the periods between fuel fillings, the entire system is completely autonomous and independent, giving the output the optimal temperature regime in the house and hot water supply. Let us consider in more detail what automation is for heating solid fuel units.
Before installing a solid fuel boiler, you should carefully study the principle of its operation and control mechanisms. The study of the processes of the working cycle of the heating device will allow you to understand how the devices and mechanisms that control the heating system work. What is automation for solid fuel boilers today, and what are its main functions.
The following functional tasks are assigned to automation:
- ensuring optimal temperature regime in the heating circuit;
- performance of a controlling function for the operation of the pump and the three-way valve in the mixing circuit;
- ensuring control over work circulation pump on the main heating circuit;
- temperature control of water heating in the DHW system;
- provide switching on/off of the three-way valve;
- automation of boiler equipment is a set of equipment together with a room thermostat.
The diagram shows a typical harness. autonomous system heating with installed automation.
Automation of many processes during the operation of solid fuel heaters makes it possible to achieve significant savings in the fuel resource and free the inhabitants of the house from the function of a stoker. Today, automation is a set of complex and energy-intensive devices, each of which solves a certain range of tasks and issues.
An automatic boiler is a unit that is able to work completely and completely offline, starting with fuel loading and ending with adjusting the heating temperature.
For reference: All processes, starting with fuel loading, ignition and control over turning on and off, are done automatically. without your participation. The presence of sensors and controllers allows the system itself to respond to a changing situation. Based on the parameters you set, the boiler operates in the established modes.
What are the types of automation
The capabilities of modern electronic devices included in the set of equipment for controlling the operation of the heater are quite wide, allowing you to configure the devices in accordance with your own priorities and desires. In most cases, the set of modern complex heating devices includes:
- a computer that provides control of the heating device;
- fan or air turbine.
Today it is possible to equip conventional semi-automatic solid fuel units of almost any kind with an automatic control unit of the Comfort Eco type. A semi-automatic solid fuel boiler equipped with such a kit can already perform most of the processes on its own. Sensors regulate the heating temperature of the coolant, the state of traction. All information is displayed on the screen. Conventional pyrolysis boiler or unit long burning With automation, it becomes an order of magnitude more convenient to operate and safer.
If everything is more or less clear with electronics, then the mechanical part should be dealt with in more detail. There is a classification of automation in terms of autonomy. In this case, it is customary to distinguish:
- automation, volatile - powered by electricity;
- automation, non-volatile, which does not require connection to the mains.
In the first case, the operability of the main devices is feasible only when the devices are connected to the power supply. To improve the safety of such devices, the autonomous heating system is equipped with a UPS. The first option looks preferable, since network-operated automation has more functionality.
The second case is focused on greater autonomy. Such options are very convenient in situations where power outages are frequent, and the heater is configured to work independently without unnecessary electronics.
Important! If your boiler is configured properly and works autonomously, without additional means of monitoring and recording the temperature, you need to visit the boiler room more often.
Advantages of boiler equipment on which automation is installed
The first thing that draws the attention of any owner of heating equipment is the ability of the heating device to independently regulate the heating temperature of the main heating circuit. Previously, everything was done by hand. He pushed the damper, the temperature began to fall and vice versa, he opened the blower, the boiler began to work more intensively, the temperature rises.
Modern automatic machines are able to work without human intervention for a long time (up to 48 hours), independently regulating all processes. It is only important for you to set the required temperature regime inside the dwelling. Thermal sensors respond to changes in room temperature by sending a signal to the central control panel. Already from there, a command is sent to turn on special pressurization, which ensures the combustion process with air.
The next important advantage that automation gives to solid fuel boilers is the independence of the heater in operation. Now there is no need to turn off the boiler when leaving and wait for it to cool down completely, while the heating system must be drained so that it does not defrost.
Today the situation has changed radically. With the help of automation, you can adjust the operation of the heating unit in the minimum (support) mode. In other words: You set your boiler to a specific temperature. While you are not at home, the boiler works in order to maintain minimum temperature indicators in the system. In order for the heater to start at maximum speed, it is enough to set the timer. You arrive, and your house is warm.
In the case of arson solid fuel, the situation is generally simplified. A person is absolutely not needed for this. At the set time, the electric ignition will work and the boiler will start working.
The main emphasis in the latest models is on achieving the safest operating mode. Solid fuel units equipped with automatic control devices are able to regularly carry out self-diagnostics, detecting malfunctions in the operation of one or another element. For a solid fuel boiler, fast response remains important. The faster the devices and the system react to an emergency, an increase in pressure in the system, a sharp jump in temperature, the faster the system will stop automatically.
Solid fuel boilers with automatic feed
It is especially worth dwelling on the category of solid fuel heating devices that are equipped with devices and mechanisms that facilitate the work of the stoker. We are talking about such a type of boiler equipment as a solid fuel boiler equipped with an automatic fuel supply mechanism. A number of current heating units are equipped with special devices, with the help of which fuel is constantly loaded into the combustion chamber. Such devices are called pellet, because pellets go into the furnace - small, easily combustible granules made on the basis of wood waste.
Boilers with automatic fuel supply are considered one of the most efficient. The efficiency in such a device reaches 80-85%, due to the most complete combustion of fuel and automation of the process itself. Such equipment provides during operation the necessary comfort, cleanliness and coziness in the house. Solid fuel is carefully poured into the hopper and from there it is fed by a screw mechanism into the combustion chamber.
On a note: in pellet aggregates, automation regulates not only the intensity of air supply to the burner, but also the amount of pellets entering the furnace. There are pellets on the burner, the unit is running, there are no pellets, the heater is turned off.
Solid fuel heating boilers, in addition to automatic fuel supply, are also equipped with a device that allows you to clean the ash pan without human hands.
Installation of automation
If you install the boiler and lay the pipeline system autonomous heating If you can do it yourself, then when equipping the heating device with control and automation devices, you will need the services of a specialist. Automation for solid fuel boilers requires careful and precise tuning. The process of installing and directly configuring the equipment is complex and painstaking. Therefore, saving in this case is not worth it.
The first thing specialists pay attention to when starting the installation of equipment is the installation of a ventilation system, which is based on a fan. The equipment is installed at the bottom of the heating device, in the place where the conventional damper is located. The fan is fastened firmly enough that it would not be torn off during operation. The next step is to install the controller. For a wood-fired boiler, such a device will be a real find. Typically, the controller is a heating unit control unit, which automatically contains various operation algorithms. The main thing here is to correctly place the sensors and make adjustments. After setting the system is connected to the power supply, the first test run of the heater is made.
In custody
Recently, more and more, the market for solid fuel boiler equipment has been replenished with advanced devices and control systems. Not only foreign models of boilers, but also most of domestic manufacturers are now relying on equipping heating devices with automation.
The control unit, which has a liquid crystal display, does an excellent job with the tasks assigned to it. Now heating devices not only easy to manage, they practically do not need to be controlled. Fine tuning of all elements of the control system will allow the heating equipment to respond with high accuracy to the slightest changes in temperature. Now your unit is not afraid of overheating or defrosting.
For many years, our company has been professionally engaged in heating systems for private houses, cottages and commercial facilities, using boilers for wood coal and long-burning pellets as heat sources.
AT last years we are seeing an active growth in demand and the popularization of the so-called "pyrolyzers". Such equipment, like all solid fuel heaters, has a water circuit for the coolant.
In Moscow and the Moscow Region, the demand for installations of this class is growing every year despite the crisis, and there are good reasons for this. The main reason for choosing for a private house in favor of such heating devices is the economy and comfort of operation.
As for the economic benefit - it is centered around reducing the cost of firewood, briquettes, or coal. On any of the listed types of fuel, this group heating appliances It is allowed to reduce the cost of purchasing fuel by at least 30%. This indicator helps to recoup your purchase in just a few seasons of operation, which is not possible with the use of classic designs that run on pellets, wood or coal.
Comfort of use lies in the duration of burning, the frequency of loading and cleaning. Due to the reduced consumption of fuel raw materials, the operating time of the "pyrolyzer" on one tab increases by 2-3 times, in comparison with cheap popular constructs, and reaches 6 hours. In boilers with top burning and 12 hours in gas generators with bottom burning. The method of fuel combustion contributes to the low formation of dry residue (ash), which must be periodically cleaned out of the furnace and ash box. This fact also has a beneficial effect on the comfort of using the heater - the owners of such heating installations have to clean the ash much less often.
Samples with a lower combustion chamber for pyrolysis gases have the longest operating time from one laying of firewood. The design of such installations implies the presence of a pressurization fan or a smoke exhauster and a nozzle. Of course, gas generators of this type are volatile. You can also emphasize the high cost of such installations. Models of this design are at least 2 times more expensive than heat generators with an upper chamber for burning pyrolysis gases.
Products of this design are represented in our catalog by several brands, most of which are European and only two of them come from Ukraine. For European brands, we can note Czech WATTEK and Atmos, German Buderus, Bulgarian SunSystem. According to Ukrainian brands, these are products of the popular MotorSich brand and BTS gas generators.
In terms of Czech brands, we want to single out Wattek as more technologically advanced and advanced equipment. German Buderus is the only brand from Germany that is represented on our market. We have no installation experience for the Bulgarian brand, but the quality of the products is at a high level. According to brands from Ukraine, these are two different products. Each with its own advantages, however, in the domestic sector, we tend to BTS brand due to the available refractory materials used in the gas generation chamber and nozzle.
The design of gas generators with a lower combustion chamber:
Video review of the design with a lower combustion chamber:
Now let's talk about the most common gas generators in Russia with an upper combustion chamber for pyrolysis gases. These are heat generators of Russian origin, produced at several plants at once, most of which are located in the Kostroma Region. One manufacturer is located in the Moscow region.
Russian pyrolyzers also use the principle of "dry distillation" of solid fuels, which allows them to correspond to the class of pyrolysis combustion heating devices. But the operation of these installations is based on natural traction. Russian equipment refers to gas generators top burning, since the zone of combustion of the resulting gases is located above the area of pyrolysis (decomposition of fuel into gas and ash). The resulting gaseous fuel enters by means of natural draft into the fuel loading chamber above, where it mixes with heated secondary air and ignites, burning more deeply than with direct combustion from firewood.
The equipment of this group is much cheaper, due to which it has become very popular in our country.
Among the popular brands are Bourgeois-K, Trayan, Lavoro in the household segment. Industrial installations of this design are very popular in the trade mark "Pyrolysis Master".
In our opinion, we give preference to Trajan brand products for domestic use, due to their progressive design, long service life and the most attractive price among all the compared brands.
The equipment of Trayan brand really has the best structural characteristics, due to which the service life of the furnace and the efficiency are the best in the segment.
The most popular and promoted products in the domestic segment today are gas generators of the Bourgeois-K brand.
Upper combustion chamber design:
Summing up, we would like to tell you a little about the numbers and about what to choose. Russian heating appliances burn for 6-8 hours on one tab. European and Ukrainian - up to 12 hours. Despite the fact that gas generators with a lower chamber are much more expensive, this design works more efficiently and is less capricious to the chimney and heating system.
For those who do not want to experience difficulties in operation, it is better not to save ...
Solid fuel boilers with automatic fuel supply differ in price depending on the following parameters:
- unit power;
- manufacturers policy;
- functional;
- manufacturing materials and so on.
When choosing a solid fuel boiler with automatic fuel supply, you should initially pay attention to the area of \u200b\u200bthe heated room, the required equipment configuration and price range. Indeed, today a lot of manufacturers are able to offer progressive heating equipment that can show its best side. Heating equipment with automatic supply is equipped with special control microcontrollers, which regulate the required mode of operation. This is not only about automatic fuel supply, but also about control over the entire functioning system.
Solid fuel boilers with automatic fuel supply
When choosing automatic solid fuel boilers, you should initially pay attention to the following varieties:
- units with several furnaces or burners, which allows you to work simultaneously in different modes;
- technology that boasts the highest energy efficiency;
- , which can easily function without constant supervision for up to one week (7 days).
You can buy an automatic long-burning solid fuel boiler in Moscow and St. Petersburg not only in the online store, but also in our outlets in these cities. Their address and phone numbers are available on the website.
Why buy automatic solid fuel boilers for heating country house or cottages? Initially, it is worth remembering the following advantages:
- the versatility of such units capable of using different types fuel;
- the possibility of manual loading of fuel in case of power failures;
- simple and intuitive control panel;
- inexpensive service;
- durability of operation.
According to the reviews of the owners who bought this heating equipment, their heating costs have significantly decreased. This is due not only to the relative cheapness of solid fuels, but also to the economical operation of modern boilers with automatic supply of sawdust, pellets, wood chips or other fuel options.
Automatic solid fuel boilers for long burning
In our catalog, you can easily sort solid fuel boilers with automatic fuel supply by price, which will help you quickly find the right option that suits your budget. If you have any difficulties related to the choice of a particular model, call the indicated numbers and our managers will provide professional advice. They will be able to answer all your questions, spending a minimum of your time.
Every visitor can order an automatic solid fuel boiler in the online store, regardless of the region of the country. We deliver to any point in Russia.
You can buy an automatic solid fuel boiler in our online store in 1 click, spending just a few seconds. In addition to purchasing the necessary equipment, you can also order installation or design from us.
When installing an autonomous heating and hot water supply system, it is important to choose the right type of fuel to be burned.
Before buying a boiler, you need to decide on the type of fuel that will be profitable and effective for a particular case.
In non-gasified areas, solid fuel boilers have become popular.
Solid fuel boilers differ from gas and liquid fuel units in the supply of fuel. Due to the nature of the fuel, automatic feeding is difficult, so boilers burning coal, peat and wood mainly have a manual fuel loading mode.
To increase the time between fuel loads, long-burning units have been developed.
Long-burning boiler with manual fuel loading
The long-burning boiler burns fuel in layers. In this case, the combustion level moves from top to bottom (as the top layer of fuel burns out, the flame moves to the lower layers). The frequency of fuel loading is from 2 to 7 days.
pyrolysis boiler
The most efficient solid fuel boiler is a gas generating unit.
Its operating principle is based on the decomposition of solid fuel into volatile components. This process is carried out through high temperature and oxygen deficiency.
The result is pyrolysis gas, which is burned in the second furnace. This design allows you to automate the combustion process (as in gas units).
Can't decide on a boiler? We made especially for you.
If, in addition to gas, you plan to use other types of fuel, a multi-fuel boiler is suitable for you, which you can read about.
About the specifics of piping boilers polypropylene pipes you can find out from the link.
Pellet boiler with automatic fuel loading
In order to fully automate the process of supplying solid fuel to the boiler furnace, the boiler is provided with a special bunker for storing fuel, a conveyor for its supply and a burner for combustion (fuel must be of the same size). Pellets were developed as fuel for such a boiler - dried and compressed sawdust in 50 mm granules.
Pellet boilers are equipped with an automation system that:
- provides supply and ignition of fuel;
- maintains the set temperature;
- protects against emergencies.
Solid fuel pellet boilers are able to work offline for a month. It is necessary to remove the resulting ash once every 2-3 days.
Features of solid fuel boilers with an automation system
- The temperature of the heat carrier is regulated by the intensity of combustion, which depends on the air supply to the boiler furnace.
- The control is carried out as follows: the temperature sensor sends an electromagnetic signal to the control mechanism and the air damper opens / closes.
- The air temperature in the rooms is controlled by thermostats and three-way valves.
- To compensate for pressure drops in the heating system, protection against pressure increase of the coolant and accumulation of air in pipelines, the boiler is equipped with a safety group ( expansion tank, safety valve with pressure gauge and air vent).
- To protect against overheating of the coolant, the boiler is equipped with protective sensors and cooling backup circuits with natural circulation.
- The draft sensor stops the operation of the boiler when the intensity of draft in the furnace of the unit decreases.
- To control the operation of the unit and set the temperature regime, a control module is provided.
- When installing an additional GSM module, you can create a remote control and control the heating system through your phone or tablet.
The heating boiler must be safe, economical, efficient and automatic. The following factors influence the choice of a heating unit:
- Fuel consumption depends on the quality of the fuel (calorie content, humidity, ash content). But at the same time, high-quality fuel is more expensive. The intensity of fuel consumption changes in accordance with the temperature outside the window.
- The volume of the loading hopper affects the frequency of loading.
- The volume of the heated room determines the maximum output of the boiler. A unit with a margin of power is not cost-effective to use. The calculation is made according to the formula: 2 kW of boiler power for every 10 m2 of area.
- Two different boilers can burn the same number identical fuel, but one will heat the coolant better.
- For solid fuel boilers, the efficiency varies between 60-85%.
- The level of automation of the boiler provides offline work unit without human intervention.
Overview of popular models of automatic solid fuel boilers for long burning
Pyrolysis boilers Russian production"BURZHUY-K" work on firewood, briquettes, coal, wood waste and peat. The frequency of fuel loading is 2 times a day. The power of the units varies within 10-100 kW of thermal energy. Such boilers can not only heat the room, but also supply hot water around the clock. The efficiency of the units is 92 and they are completely non-volatile. The price ranges from 52,000 to 226,000 rubles.
Combined Russian-made boilers ZOTA "mix" with a capacity of 20-50 kW burn coal, peat, firewood, briquettes. It is possible to install burners for liquid or gas fuel. A mount is provided for installing an electric heating element with a power of 3-9 kW, which is included in the automation system of the unit. The cost of the units is from 33,000 rubles.
Lithuanian-made long-burning boilers Stropuva are popular among consumers. This is justified by a number of advantages: a large loading chamber for fuel, ash removal is carried out once every two weeks, the frequency of fuel loading is 3-8 days. Thermal power units is 7-40 kW. Their cost is from 83,000 - 121,000 rubles.
Czech-made solid fuel boilers Dakon FB2 burn coke, coal, firewood. The units are used in systems with natural and forced circulation. The peculiarity of these boilers is the ability to operate in low-temperature mode without harm to the elements of the unit. The power of the boilers ranges from 20 to 42 kW, and the cost is from 45,000 rubles.
The boiler passport specifies the requirements for the fuel to be burned: type (coal, coke, firewood, sawdust pellets, etc.), fraction (slab, large, small nut, seed, etc.). Compliance with these requirements will increase the operational life of the unit.
Modern solid fuel boilers are not explosive, they can completely replace gas counterparts, and you do not have to constantly monitor their work. The latest technologies allow you to control the combustion process and maintain the temperature remotely.