Do-it-yourself solid fuel boiler: drawings, diagrams and options. Features of solid fuel boilers with top combustion function
They require regular maintenance and fuel loading - this is their main drawback. Cheap and simple models need to be filled with firewood every few hours. Therefore, boilers are more often used for heating a residential building. long burning, which can operate on one batch of fuel for several days .
What accounts for such a long service life of these models? Significant dimensions usually tell the buyer that the matter is in the larger volume of the loading chamber. This is partly true, but long-term work is based on not the amount of fuel, but the principle of its burning "from top to bottom".
When fuel is burned, only its upper layer burns, and combustion occurs with a dosed intake of air. In this case, a bright flame is not formed, the fuel smolders for a long time and evenly, while heating the lower layers. Therefore, long-burning boilers not so demanding on the moisture content of firewood and coal fraction.
has its own characteristics. The door of the loading chamber is located high - in the upper third of the body. Almost the entire interior space is filled with fuel, this explains the large volume of loading. In the upper part of the body there is a smoke pipe, which is connected to the chimney.
At the bottom of the chamber there is an ash pan, it is necessary for cleaning the boiler. It blew the role, as in conventional ovens, in these models the ash pan does not play, so its door is airtight. The air comes from the air chamber located at the top, it is also a recuperator: the flue gases heat its walls, so that the air enters the combustion zone already heated. At the top of the chamber is equipped with a shutter.
In order to meteredly supply air to the combustion surface of the fuel, the boilers are equipped with an air distributor connected to the air chamber by means of a telescopically extending pipe. As the fuel load burns out, the distributor lowers along with the upper burning layer, which ensures a long-term stable air supply mode.
The air distributor returns to its original position using a cable with a ring - it simply pulls up. By the position of the cable, you can determine the remaining fuel in the loading chamber.
The heat exchanger in long-burning models is a water jacket located on all side surfaces, due to which heat removal is quite effective. Fittings are provided for supplying the coolant to the heating system and returning it to the boiler. The water inlet to the system is located at the top of the heat exchanger, the return is at the bottom, this ensures natural circulation.
Can be equipped automatic or thermomechanical regulation. In the first case, they are volatile and require connection to the mains. In the second, the combustion process is controlled using bimetallic. Such boilers do not need electricity and can work smoothly in any conditions.
Advantages of long-burning boilers
- operating time on one load - up to 7 days;
- simple and reliable design;
- low requirements for fuel quality;
- most models do not require a network connection;
- the price of boilers is comparable to the price of.
Flaws:
- significant dimensions;
- the need for regular cleaning - when smoldering, a large amount of soot is released.
Types of fuel for long-burning boilers
Long-burning boilers are not demanding on fuel quality. They give the greatest efficiency on anthracite and brown coal, but they can also work on firewood, briquettes and pellets.
An important nuance that you need to pay attention to when buying is the maximum length of firewood. Finished chopped firewood usually has a length of 40-45 cm, if the model has a shorter loading chamber, then the firewood will have to be harvested independently or sawn to order.
The moisture content of the wood is not as important for this type of boiler as for pyrolysis, but when raw wood is burned, the efficiency of the boiler will be significantly lower, and the amount of soot and soot will increase greatly. In addition, at high smoke humidity, water vapor can condense on the walls of the chimney and interact with soot, forming carbonic acid. Over time, the acid will destroy the walls of the chimney, and it will need to be replaced.
Pellets and fuel briquettes in long-burning boilers can be used without prior preparation, the size of the pellets does not matter, and the moisture content of this fuel is within 20%, which is quite acceptable for these models. Lignite and medium fraction anthracite also do not require additional preparation, large pieces must be crushed before loading.
Overview of long-burning boiler models
There are boilers from various manufacturers on the market, and their declared characteristics are similar, so it is sometimes difficult to make a choice. Below is an overview of the most popular models.
Liepsnele boilers, Lithuania
The lineup long-burning boilers from this manufacturer include universal models with a power of 10 to 40 kW, they can run on coal, wood, sawdust, shavings, fuel pellets and pressed briquettes.
The design of the boilers belongs to the classic shaft type with upper combustion. Liepsnele boilers are non-volatile, have a high efficiency - it is at least 90% in any of the operating modes and with any fuel.
Video: installation and connection of Liepsnele heating equipment
Boilers SWaG, Ukraine
Mine universal models of long burning, equipped with an electronic control unit that allows you to accurately adjust the combustion modes. Power range - from 10 to 50 kW. The boilers are equipped with a turbine that pumps air into the combustion zone, which increases its efficiency during ignition and in the heating mode of the system. The boilers are equipped with a safety group, including a pressure relief valve and an air vent, as well as a thermometer.
Brief specifications:
In SWaG boilers, along with the main fuel, it is possible to burn sawdust, straw, wood chips and other waste, mixing them with coal or firewood. Do not use dusty fine coal, prone to sintering and coking - the operation of the boiler will be unstable and inefficient.
Video: description of SwaG boilers
Boilers Stropuva, Bulgaria
Classic upper combustion units, shaft type for heating residential and industrial facilities. Equipped with a bimetallic draft regulator, which eliminates the need to connect to the electrical network. The range of universal boilers is represented by models from 8 to 40 kW.
Brief specifications:
Stropuva boilers are distinguished by increased safety and resistance to water hammer - in case of sudden overheating, the body walls are not damaged, the deformation is directed inward.
Video: long burning models Stropuva
Boilers Nedelka, Russia
Boilers of domestic production, capable of operating on one load of coal for 6-7 days. They have a high efficiency - up to 92%, the automation of the boiler allows you to accurately control the temperature of network water and the microclimate in the premises of the house.
The boiler has a rectangular shape with a loading door in the upper plane. The type of combustion in the boiler is upper, for a more complete heat removal, smoke circulation is provided - channels through which heated flue gases pass.
The heat exchanger of the Nedelka boiler is multi-pass, which ensures maximum heat removal from the most heated surfaces. The furnace is equipped with a grate and two cleaning doors: through one, located in the fuel chamber, combustion products are removed from the furnace, through the second - from the ash pan.
In the upper part there is a microprocessor control unit that controls the blower fan. It regulates the air supply to the chamber, and consequently, the combustion mode. When the power is turned off, the boiler dies out, when it is turned on, it can flare up again without human intervention. Management is simple - just set the desired temperature in the rooms where the sensors are installed.
The fuel quality requirements for the Nedelka units are low: they can burn coal and firewood, pellets, wood chips, construction waste. The greatest efficiency and duration of burning is achieved when working on coal, the quality of which is not subject to special requirements - effective pressurization is able to ignite any fraction of coal.
Three models of boilers are recommended for private houses: KO-60 - for a house with an area of 100 to 300 square meters, KO-90 - from 200 to 400 square meters and KO-110 - from 250 to 600 square meters. However, the larger the area, the less time combustion of the boiler at one load, so it is better to choose a more powerful boiler.
Prices on boilers "Nedelka", depending on the modification - from 110 to 220 thousand rubles.
Boilers "Nedelka" do not require maintenance between loads. The entire combustion process is controlled by a microprocessor unit.
Boiler "Nedelka", video
The right choice of a suitable model of solid fuel equipment will allow you to forget about the daily loading, cleaning and maintenance of heating equipment. Modern boilers reliable, safe and do not require control. It is enough to clean the unit from ash and ashes once every few days and load a new batch of fuel, after which it will be warm and comfortable in the house all week.
A solid fuel boiler is an expensive unit, and many home craftsmen want to make it on their own, reducing the family budget for heating and system maintenance. circuit diagram solid fuel boiler long-term burning is quite difficult, but with appropriate theoretical and practical training to make this heating device everyone can do it, and in some respects it can surpass industrial models of solid fuel boilers.
Types of pyrolysis boilers
The first step in assembling a long-burning boiler with your own hands is to choose the type of unit, which will depend on the preparation of the master, the use of professional and special tools and materials. It is not difficult to find a drawing of a solid fuel boiler for long burning, and the following scheme can be taken as a basis:
This is the simplest, but most reliable boiler circuit that uses the pyrolysis effect. What designs of pyrolysis combustion heating boilers still exist, and how do they differ from each other? The main difference is how the direction of combustion will be structurally designed. solid fuel:
- Bottom-burning apparatus - fuel must be ignited from below. This is the traditional scheme of operation of most pyrolysis devices. Such units are divided into two subspecies:
- With a standard combustion scheme, in which coal, peat or sawdust ignite and burn in one combustion chamber, which simultaneously works as a loading (stowing) chamber and a firebox. Exhaust gases and smoke are removed through the chimney in the upper compartment of the firebox;
- Boiler of a mine design - a mine for laying fuel performs only its functions. The fuel ignites from below, the fire and hot combustion products of the fuel move through the heat exchanger, equipped in the adjacent chamber;
- Devices with top combustion of fuel work the other way around - combustible material is ignited from above, and a long combustion process takes place, directed from top to bottom under the action of forced air.
According to the type of fuel combustion, the units are divided into:
- Boilers with standard type of combustion;
- Units with gas generator or pyrolysis combustion - the fuel burns when high temperatures ah in the chamber and with a lack of oxygen. In this case, wood gas, called pyrolysis gas, is released, which also burns out in the process of its removal from the boiler.
Also, solid fuel boilers can have different schemes and designs of heat exchangers. The heat exchanger itself can be made in the form of a coil encircling the fuel chamber and pipes, or in the form of a solid metal jacket that covers the firebox from all sides.
Solid fuel boiler - how to make it yourself
The most efficient in terms of efficiency (≥ 90%), simple to manufacture and reliable in operation are solid fuel gas generators. Such a heating device works on the principle of "slow" combustion of fuel with a lack of oxygen in the firebox. Due to the lack of oxygen in the chamber, a large volume of combustible gases is formed, the combustion of which occurs in the next chamber. It is noteworthy that combustible materials are cheap and affordable firewood, peat or straw in briquettes (pellets), oil mill waste (sunflower husks), coal, shavings or sawdust, household waste.
An industrial pyrolysis boiler is expensive (at least $ 600-700), although many people like it for its characteristics. For this reason, assembling an upper combustion boiler at home is a demanded problem that solves economic family issues.
The complexity of the assembly does not scare away the craftsmen - you need to be able to handle electric welding, read drawings and diagrams. Heating equipment with a lower chamber is more expensive and more difficult to make, therefore, for self-assembly of the boiler, a scheme with pyrolysis combustion is recommended, the chamber for which is mounted in the upper part of the body.
The device and manufacture of a boiler with upper combustion
- For the manufacture of the boiler body, it is necessary to prepare two metal molds with different sizes, which are connected by welding to each other. The easiest way to find cylindrical cases, for example, from gas, oxygen or other cylinders. The larger cylinder will serve as the outer casing, the smaller cylinder will serve as the combustion chamber of the boiler;
- The distance between the cylinders will work like a shirt - a coolant will pass through it;
- A smaller cylinder is divided by a steel partition into two compartments - one part works as a firebox and an air distributor, in the other compartment, the gas released during the pyrolysis reaction is burned;
- The distributor is made in the form of a telescopic structure, from one end of which a plane with petals is welded, which evenly distributes the burning emissions;
- From the opposite end, air enters the combustion zone to maintain a constant burning of the fuel;
- When burned, the bookmark volume decreases, and the distributor moves lower, redistributing the air supply;
- To control combustion, special devices powered by electricity are installed;
For the manufacture of pyrolysis boilers by the craftsman, you will need simple tools, inexpensive materials and understandable schemes:
- It is necessary to develop your own drawing or make a solid fuel long-burning boiler with your own hands, drawings for which can be found in the public domain. In extreme cases, you can work with a common or circuit diagram on which the main dimensions of the structure will be indicated;
- Apparatus direct current for metal welding, electrodes 3 and 4 mm;
- Bulgarian and discs for metal (grinding and cutting);
- Metal cylinder ( steel pipe or cylinder) L = 1.3 m, Ø = 0.5 m, H = 3 mm (L is the length of the cylinder, Ø is the diameter of the cylinder, H is the thickness of the cylinder stack);
- Metal cylinder (steel pipe or cylinder) L = 1.5 m, Ø = 0.45 m, H = 3 mm (L is the length of the cylinder, Ø is the diameter of the cylinder, H is the thickness of the cylinder stack). If there are no cylinders or suitable pipes, it is possible to make cases from steel sheets measuring 1250 x 2500 x 2.5 mm, roll them at the factory and weld them into round cases;
- Steel pipe Ø 60 mm, product length - 1.2 m;
- Two narrow iron cylinders Ø 0.5 m, 25 mm wide. Such elements can be formed from sheet iron and welded;
- Steel sheet for the door of the loading and ash chambers;
- Sheds, handles for opening doors, air valves;
- Trimmings of a metal corner for the legs of the body and for the manufacture of blades;
- Asbestos cord or asbestos cloth for thermal insulation of the furnace and ash doors;
How to make a boiler body from pipes
- Steel pipes 0.5 and 0.45 m are inserted into each other and connected by a metal ring made of a plate 25 mm wide;
- A billet Ø 0.45 m is cut out of sheet iron, one end of the pipes is welded to obtain a cylinder with a thermal contour 25 mm wide;
- A rectangular hole 150-100 mm in size is cut out at the end of the cylinder for the ash chamber door. Then the hatch is welded, the door itself is hinged and equipped with an air valve;
- A rectangle is cut out along the hull for fuel loading. The dimensions of the furnace door are calculated based on the dimensions of the fuel. A hatch is welded and a door is attached to the hinges, which is also equipped with a valve. Doors are recommended to be welded with double walls and with asbestos gaskets to reduce heat loss;
- A piece of pipe is welded on top in the body to release the products of combustion of fuel;
- According to the size of the shirt, sections of pipes Ø 1 inch or ¾ inch are welded at the top and bottom, through which the heating of the house will be connected. The pipes are threaded;
It remains to check all the seams by pressure testing with water under pressure ≥ 2 kg / cm 2.
How to make an air distributor
- From sheet iron, it is necessary to cut a workpiece smaller by two to three centimeters than, Ø inside the boiler. In the center of this blank, a hole Ø 60 mm must be cut out by welding (the same as the diameter of the distributor pipe);
- After making the distributor for boilers, you need to fix it. To do this, a steel circle Ø 500 mm is cut out, and a hole Ø 60 mm is cut in the center. The distributor is installed in the unit, the upper part of the distributor must be passed through this hole, after which the boiler cover can be welded hermetically. To raise and lower the distributor, a steel cable is attached to the loop;
- Sections of a corner or channel are welded onto the circle from below, which will act as blades. They can be bent, as in the photo, but can be left straight;
- At the opposite end, an iron loop is attached by welding to lift the distributor, a damper is installed, which is designed to regulate the air stream in the fuel combustion zone.
Do-it-yourself long-burning pyrolysis boilers, drawings of which can be found in the public domain in a wide variety, can be with a lower chamber, but such designs are much more difficult to make with your own hands. Such units are structurally carried out with a smoke exhauster or with forced pressurization.
In this design, air is forced into the chamber designed for burning out the fuel. This boost creates high pressure, due to which almost complete combustion occurs. The fan can be mounted either immediately on the door of the firebox, or on the side, connected to the chamber with a metal sleeve.
Advantages of boilers with lower combustion of fuel:
- The blower fan can be absolutely anything;
- It is possible to combine the combustion chamber with the afterburning chamber, since the required volume of air is provided by the pressurization, and it can be regulated by the fan power.
But this advantage also has negative sides:
- Due to the high speed of the air jet, not all the air is directed to the center of the combustion chamber, and the fuel will not burn completely;
- Also, due to the high air velocity, a small percentage of pyrolysis gases do not burn out, entering the chimney in their original form, therefore, it is impossible to obtain an efficiency of more than 80-90% with such an organization of the combustion process.
- If the boost is too strong, the boiler can simply explode, so the boost rate and the amount of pressure created must be carefully calculated.
Do-it-yourself long-burning boiler updated: February 22, 2017 by: crunch0
In some cases, a solid fuel boiler remains the only practical way to heat a private ohm. However, classical designs have one very unpleasant drawback, you constantly have to monitor the amount of fuel and throw firewood or coal into the furnace. Slightly delayed or delayed, and the coolant begins to cool.
You can develop a habit, create a rigid schedule to ensure constant heating, or you can choose a long-burning solid fuel boiler that is extremely in a simple way able to work on one tab up to several days.
Traditionally, in solid fuel boilers, as in stoves and fireplaces, active combustion of wood or coal was used. Due to the controlled air supply, it was possible to achieve maximum heat transfer and good fuel burnout. However, active combustion too quickly uses the entire volume of fuel put into the furnace, from which it is constantly necessary to replenish its amount.
In solid fuel boilers for long burning, the main idea is to slow down the process of burning fuel. If only one part of the bookmark is lit, then the total volume will be consumed over a much longer period of time.
As an example, it suffices to recall how long a match burns with the flame up, and how quickly it flares up and burns out with the flame down, burning fingers in the process. With firewood and coal, this principle also applies.
It is necessary to limit the combustion area in one place of the laying and maintain it at the minimum required level, preventing the entire volume from igniting.
Long-burning boilers are equipped with a volumetric combustion chamber several times larger than conventional designs. Firewood or coal is filled to the top of the chamber, leaving only a small gap. Ignition is carried out from the top of the bookmark.
The chamber is insulated in the lower part, the air flow is carried out only from above, if the boiler is with upper combustion. After the fuel is ignited, all the oxygen from the chamber burns out and, in fact, the firewood located below the burning area is conserved.
The air supply is controlled and strictly limited. As a result, firewood either smolders or burns only in the upper part of the chamber.
For air supply, a special blower fan is used, which is installed instead of a standard gate or in a separate seat. Only by controlling the fan, the combustion process of the boiler and the preparation of the coolant are fully controlled, which greatly simplifies the automation of the operation of solid fuel boilers.
According to the method of localization of the combustion area, boilers are distinguished:
- with top burning;
- with lower combustion (pyrolysis).
There is a fundamental difference between these two methods. Boilers of long burning by definition with top combustion, which ensures that the main volume of the backfill does not warm up. Boilers with bottom combustion are pyrolysis boilers. Although they stand out in the hotel group, they are also long-burning devices.
When firewood is heated above 300 ° C without active combustion, the decomposition of wood into ash and pyrolysis gas begins, by burning which you can get more thermal energy than with conventional active combustion, but with less power.
Active combustion gives a much greater heat output per unit time than the upper or lower combustion of the same volume of fuel. To obtain the required power in long-burning boilers, it is necessary to increase the area of \u200b\u200blow combustion, increase the amount of fuel put into the furnace.
There are two main benefits from this. long burning boilers:
- The gradual combustion of fuel is easier to control and bookmarks last for a longer time, moreover, the difference is an order of magnitude.
- It is possible to automatically control and regulate the thermal power of the boiler with a gradual consumption of fuel.
The principle of operation of the pyrolysis boiler
In pyrolysis boilers, a chamber for burning the emitted gas is additionally equipped. The air supply is carried out separately from the main chamber with a filling, so it is possible to maintain active combustion there with a large heat output per unit time.
Long-burning boilers with upper combustion are often not equipped with grates, since there is no need to supply air from below, and it is easier to remove ash using a retractable solid pan, moreover, this should be done almost every few weeks, or even a month.
Equipped with grates only combined boilers and pyrolysis, in which, in addition to long burning, you can set up the usual classic mode of operation with complete and uniform burnout of the bookmark.
Indeed, some long-burning boilers can work up to a week on one gas station of firewood or coal. However, this mainly applies to heavy-duty units with an output of 150kV and up to several megawatts. An ordinary boiler for a private house is more often designed for continuous operation on one tab up to 30-45 hours, that is, up to two days.
The main problem lies in the acceptable size of the combustion chamber while maintaining adequate controllability of the entire process. It is necessary to choose a compromise solution between such parameters as:
- chamber volume;
- chamber depth;
- burning area;
- required boiler output.
With an increase in the volume of the chamber for laying fuel, it is also necessary to increase the combustion area, since it will not work to make the chamber narrow and high. In this case, it is difficult to maintain an active flow of air to the combustion zone when it drops too low.
A number of turbulent flows arise that can spread combustion to the entire volume and completely disrupt the normal operation of the boiler.
Boiler manufacturers primarily start from the required heat output of the boiler, and already on this basis, the dimensions of the combustion chamber are selected as a compromise solution.
Coal-fired boilers last longer on one tab than wood-fired ones. For example, if the boiler is designed to operate from one coal load for 17 hours, then it will most likely work only 14-15 hours on a firewood load, with the same heat output setting.
Double-circuit or with a water circuit for the house
Solid fuel boilers for long burning can be equipped with one or two heat exchangers for preparing the coolant for the heating system and hot water supply. There are no fundamental differences from the design of conventional solid fuel kitols. The circuits can be combined in one bithermic heat exchanger or located separately from each other.
The type and configuration of the heat exchanger is selected by the manufacturer based on the dimensions and shape of the furnace so as to maximize the use thermal energy by appointment.
Long-burning boilers operate on a smaller volume of air and with a lower temperature of the outgoing combustion products. Heat exchangers are made with as large a heat exchange area as possible.
The advantage of long-burning boilers is the ability to control and regulate the thermal power of combustion, only by adjusting the air supply, without regard to the amount of fuel loaded.
If in ordinary boilers it is necessary to limit the portions of firewood or coal and make bookmarks more often in order to reduce the temperature of the coolant, then in long-burning boilers it is enough to limit the air supply so that the firewood only smolders.
Ukrainian production
Among Ukrainian manufacturers, the following companies are engaged in the production of solid fuel long-burning boilers: Altep, Buran, Gefest-profi, KOTeko, NEYS, SWaG, Donterm.
Boiler Altep KT-1E
Partially presented are their own developments, however, in view of the greater experience of European manufacturers, the models partially or completely repeat the successful solutions of Western partners or a licensed assembly is offered on the basis of regional factories and enterprises.
Brand and model | Power | Burning type | Fuel | Duration of work | Cost, $ |
Altep KT-1E 15-45 KW | 15 | Top burning | firewood/coal | 8-24 hours | 950 |
Buran-12 | 12 | Top burning | Firewood/coal/briquettes/waste | up to 30 h | 975 |
Buran -20 Delux | 20 | Top burning | Coal/firewood/briquettes | Coal-12 days, Firewood-48 h Briquettes - 72 hours |
1200 |
SWaG 20 kW Dm | 20 | Top burning | Coal/firewood/pellets | Coal - up to 5 days. | 1050 |
NEYS NEYS-V | 10-38 | Top burning | Coal/firewood/pellets | 8-24 hours | 750-1200 |
Donterm DTM KOT-10T | 10 | Top burning | Coal/firewood/briquettes | Up to 48 hours | 450 |
Russian production
Solid fuel boilers Russian production are represented mainly by a number of brands, while the equipment itself is sometimes assembled at the same production facilities.
Among the common brands: Phantom, Teplov, Bourgeois-k, F.B.R.Zh., Zota, Wester, Don, Sibenergoterm (Prometheus), Tepoldar (Cooper PRO), Buderus.
In almost all cases, long-burning boilers or pyrolysis boilers is a reworking of the classic layout with an increase in the furnace and the restructuring of the air supply system.
However, models such as Prometheus or Zota boast a unique design of the heat exchanger and combustion products removal system, focused specifically on the pyrolysis bottom or top combustion of the fuel.
Brand and model | power, kWt | Burning type | Fuel | Duration of work, h | Cost, thousand rubles |
Bourgeois-K T-50A | 50 | Pyrolysis / firewood | firewood | 6-12 | 138/149
single circuit / double circuit |
Bourgeois-K T-150A | 150 | Pyrolysis / firewood | firewood | 6-12 | 315/336
single circuit / double circuit |
ZOTA Carbon | 15-60 | Lower combustion/coal | coal | 10-12 | 40-84 |
Teplov T10 | 10 | Pyrolysis / firewood / coal | firewood | up to 12 | 40/44 single circuit / double circuit |
Teplov T100 | 100 | Pyrolysis / firewood / coal | firewood | up to 12 | 190/210 single circuit / double circuit |
Phantom Max 30a | 30 | Pyrolysis | firewood | up to 20 | 100 |
Phantom Max 90 a | 90 | pyrolysis | firewood | up to 20 | 236 |
Stropuva boilers
The company Stropuva, established in Lithuania since 2000, is engaged in the production of long-burning boilers and ready-made solutions for autonomous systems heating with automatic control. Boilers have a specific appearance due to a significantly increased volume of the combustion chamber, and for the most part up.
The shape of any model is a tall cylinder, inside which a volumetric chamber, an air supply system and heat exchangers for the heating circuit and hot water are assembled. The design and principle of operation of Stropuva boilers is patented, so it is hardly possible to find an analogue, however, you can already find a lot of fakes on the market that are far behind the originals in terms of characteristics and quality.
STROPUVA IDEAL boilers are a universal solution for working with firewood, coal, fuel briquettes. The main feature is the presence of perfect automation, which allows you to set the operating modes of heating equipment with high accuracy. However, only 20 and 40 kW models are presented in this line.
Stropuva boiler device
STROPUVA boilers are universal - boilers for burning almost any type of solid fuel from wood waste to coke and coal. Partially automated, mainly in relation to maintaining the long-term burning regime. The model range is represented by boilers with power from 10 to 40 kW.
STROPUVA wood burning boilers are a simple solution in cases where the main type of fuel is, by definition, wood. The list of models starts with 7 kW, as an excellent solution for a small country house or cottages.
How to choose
The main criterion when choosing a long-burning boiler is its nominal thermal power, moreover, when using the main type of fuel.
After that, you should pay attention to:
- combustion chamber volume;
- operating time from one load;
- version and availability of automation;
- the possibility of using other types of solid fuel;
- number and characteristics of heat exchangers.
It is not worth counting on a load of fuel that is enough for a week in boilers positioned for a private house. Optimal value battery life is from 17 to 45 hours, which is quite suitable for private use.
2017-03-28 Sergey Dyachenko
Pyrolysis - what is it?
Pyrolysis in the context of heating equipment is understood as the release of volatile gases during the combustion of fuel. The greatest intensity occurs at temperatures above 450 degrees and a lack of oxygen. This is taken into account in the design of pyrolysis boilers, which have two combustion chambers and an adjustable supply of oxygen.
In one chamber, the fuel burns directly, and in the second, the emitted gases. This allows you to significantly increase the efficiency of the equipment compared to classical solid fuel boilers. Pyrolysis-type apparatuses need to be loaded with fuel only 2-3 times a day. To choose the best long-burning pyrolysis boiler, consider the possible configurations.
Design features and types of boilers
You can find out complete information on the selection, operation and maintenance of gas boilers of all manufacturers if you go.
Number of circuits
By the number of circuits, pyrolysis boilers are single-circuit, double-circuit and multi-circuit. Single-circuit are designed only to provide space heating. In order to provide hot water with their help, it is necessary to additionally purchase an indirect heating boiler.
Double-circuit models simultaneously heat the room and heat water for domestic use. They differ in a more complex design, installation and high price. Such equipment is suitable for a house in which they permanently live. Sometimes there are multi-circuit boilers in which there are more than two circuits. An additional circuit can be used, for example, to provide a warm floor.
Housing material
By the way! Did you know that a heating boiler from any manufacturer can explode at any moment - "".
Firewood
One of the most efficient fuels for pyrolysis boilers is wood. They have a very high percentage of volatile matter, which is required for the pyrolysis process. It is important to select dried wood, this parameter greatly affects the efficiency.
A wood-burning boiler produces the least amount of harmful emissions into the atmosphere. Also, on firewood, the duration of the operation of the equipment is long, due to the absence of sulfur in them, which has a destructive effect on the body of the apparatus. When purchasing, it is important to choose the appropriate size of the bars. For this, the depth of the firebox is measured with a tape measure.
Coal
Coal can vary greatly in purity and, accordingly, in heat transfer. The most expensive and efficient brown coal. When smoldering, it produces the largest amount of gas. In second place is coal and in third place is anthracite. When working on coal, the boiler will wear out faster due to the sulfur content in it, which leads to corrosion.
Pellets
Pellets
Pellets are granules that are made from crushed waste. The raw materials for them can be sawdust, peat, paper, straw, and so on. They are environmentally friendly and no chemicals are used in their production. Modern pellet boilers are equipped with an automatic fuel loading system as needed.
Model selection
If you want to know about which heating boilers you should not choose, about the subtleties and nuances of their installation and connection, as well as hidden information on their proper maintenance of all manufacturers and models, then go here -.
If you want to get complete information on this problem, as well as find out other important nuances about the heating boiler from your manufacturer,.
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The question of how to safely and economically heat your home, cottage or production space is one of the most pressing in our country, where heating works most of the year. Modern manufacturers suggest using long-burning boilers for these purposes. In this category, there may be units built according to different principles, but they are united by one thing - high efficiency and more complete use of the thermal energy of combustion.
What fuel do they run on
The most common is a boiler designed to work on wood. There are also a large number of modifications on coal. Often such equipment is almost omnivorous: it can operate on other types of solid fuels (peat, wood, and wood processing waste, etc.).
To prolong the operation of the boiler on one tab of firewood, the firebox is made of a large volume: the more firewood can be laid at a time, the longer they will burn. Therefore, when choosing a long-burning wood-burning boiler, first of all, pay attention to the volume of the firebox for loading firewood. A classic example is the Ukrainian-made KCHM (modernized cast-iron boiler), they are quite affordable in price, the quality is not bad, and therefore they are popular.
In some models, the main type of fuel is. In this case, you should pay attention to the thickness of the walls in the furnace: the temperatures during coal combustion are very high (especially atnracites and long-flame grades). The durability of this type of equipment is determined by the length of the service life of the furnace. Therefore, in addition to the type of firebox material, pay attention to the thickness of its walls. It is preferable to have a firebox made of cast iron or thick structural, and preferably stainless steel.
If you want to spend as little time as possible near the boiler, then it will suit you. Its battery life depends solely on the size - the tank into which the granules are poured. It can hold from 20 kg of pellets up to several tons.
The operation of the equipment is designed in such a way that in the presence of electricity, the unit, using an auger, independently pours the required amount of fuel into the furnace. If you have a month's supply or more in your bunker, then you will have to visit the boiler room only once a month. Pellet boilers have good efficiency - up to 90-95%, economical. The fuel burns out almost completely, so you will have to clean the boiler about once a month. The disadvantage of such boilers is the rather high cost and energy dependence (like most other boilers with automatic control). One more nuance: such equipment is demanding to be whole and low-ash. When using poor quality fuel, the burner clogs, the boiler stops.
Very attractive in many ways. Such units can use coal, and briquettes, their combinations. In some models, it is possible to use an electric heating element, which turns on after the fuel burns out and the boiler starts to cool down. Very comfortably.
When purchasing a combined boiler, be sure to find out which type of fuel is the main one: they design equipment for one of the types of fuel, and adjustments are made for the rest. So it is on the main fuel that heating will be the most efficient. Therefore, if you have the opportunity to harvest firewood yourself, and you plan to heat coal only in cold weather, then firewood should be the main type of fuel in this case.
Classification according to the principle of action
Solid fuel boilers can use two different operating principles. This setting distinguishes:
- Upper combustion boilers.
Upper combustion boilers
These are cyclic loading boilers. This means that until the previous portion of firewood, coal or briquettes has completely burned out, new ones cannot be laid. The units of this design are simple but effective. For example, long-burning boilers "Stropuva" on one tab of firewood heat the room for up to a day (under certain conditions up to 30 hours), and on a tab of coal in general up to 7 days. Although the average burning time of firewood is 6-8 hours.
What accounts for such an effect? Everything is simple, this principle can be most clearly demonstrated by the example of a vertically located burning match. In this position, it will burn much longer than a match placed horizontally or turned upside down.
The fuel chamber in the top combustion boilers is designed so that combustion occurs from top to bottom. For this, a special air supply has been developed and patented specifically in the combustion zone. And the combustion process itself under such conditions is more like smoldering. And, as you know, during smoldering, gases are released in large quantities from carbon-containing fuel. Most of them are combustible. Due to the afterburning of these gases in the upper part of the furnace, a more complete use of energy occurs, which makes it possible to significantly increase heat transfer and reduce fuel consumption.
The disadvantages of such boilers include the need to monitor the quality of the fuel: if raw wood or coal is loaded, the efficiency of the boiler is significantly reduced. Also, with the use of high-moisture fuel, a large amount of ash and soot is released. Then you will often have to clean the stove and chimney.
It is not always good not to be able to throw fuel during the combustion process. negative moment also lies in the fact that the possibility of automating the control process is limited. So far this has not been implemented. It is possible to regulate only the intensity of combustion, and then within fairly limited limits, while reducing the efficiency of the boiler.
Long burning pyrolysis boilers
In such boilers, the process of decomposition of fuel with a lack of oxygen is used. As a result, a solid component is formed (coke in the case of burning coal and charcoal in the case of using firewood) and gaseous. Various resins are also present, which are also combustible. The process of decomposition itself occurs with the release of a significant amount of heat.
But this is not all energy. The products obtained as a result of decomposition are in themselves combustible substances with a high calorific value. For example, the calorific value is 2.5 times higher than that of firewood. Also, the pyrolysis gases released during decomposition mostly consist of combustible components. Only nitrogen and carbon dioxide do not burn. They are ballast and are removed from the firebox. The remaining components have a very high calorific value, many times greater than the calorific value of firewood, peat and coal. Therefore, these gases are additionally heated, sent to the afterburner, where they mix with air and burn out, releasing a large amount of energy.
The amount of gases released during pyrolysis depends on:
- on the type of fuel - more gases emit firewood and peat;
- on temperature - the higher the pyrolysis temperature, the more gases are formed and the less solid coke and charcoal remains.
Installations in which pyrolysis occurs at high temperatures (up to 1200 o C) are also called gas generating boilers.
The essence of the pyrolysis process - fuel burns in the primary chamber - in the secondary - gases that are released during this
A feature of pyrolysis boilers is two furnaces: in one, the primary combustion of fuel occurs (it is put there), and in the second, gases are burned. Both furnaces are supplied with air separately. Air for combustion of fuel is called primary, and for combustion of gases - secondary.
Such a structure of long-burning boilers using pyrolysis technology is good in that it is easy to realize the possibility of regulating the intensity of combustion (limiting the supply of air, both primary and secondary). It is on this technology that automated boilers are built.
Depending on where which chamber is located, pyrolysis boilers come with an upper or lower afterburner chamber.
With the lower location of the afterburner chamber, it is convenient to bookmark firewood. It has an exit to the smoke path, which is located below. Then the smoke enters the chimney and goes out into the street. Everything seems to be logical, however, it will be necessary to clean the furnace much more often, because the ash from the upper combustion chamber will fall down and clog the “pyrolysis” chamber. In addition, pyrolysis gases are required to be artificially directed downwards with the help of fans or smoke exhausters, because the smoke itself will not move down.
Units with an upper afterburner are less common, although here artificially created traction is not needed, since the smoke itself spreads upwards. However, such a boiler has a complex smoke channel design, which is required in order to take away the maximum heat. With this arrangement of the afterburner, the afterburner is located closer to the chimney, and the hottest part of the air tends upward, and we need to give the maximum amount of energy for heating, and not to release it into the chimney. Therefore, the chimney tract is made in the form of a coil.
A significant drawback of pyrolysis boilers is the exactingness to the quality of the fuel. If we talk about firewood, then their optimal moisture content for pyrolysis boilers is 13-20%. When using such fuel, the gas output will be maximum and the efficiency will be the highest. Moisture content of firewood up to 30% is acceptable. When using even more “wet” ones, the efficiency decreases sharply, soot and a large amount of ash residue are formed.
The situation is similar with coal: here, too, it is necessary to use dry fuel, and with a high calorific value. Anthracite of medium fractions is considered optimal, long-flame behaves a little worse, units with sintering grades work hard. It is better to exclude them, since the probability of attenuation of the boiler is high. But pyrolysis boilers work very well with briquettes of any shape and from any raw material (except for pellets - they wake up through the grate in some models).
The main disadvantage of many long-burning furnaces is the exactingness of fuel quality.
Another disadvantage of long-burning pyrolysis boilers is the significant cost of equipment. But this is due to the fact that high-quality and massive heat-resistant materials are required to ensure durability at high pyrolysis temperatures. Due to high temperatures, much attention is paid to the security system, and this leads to an increase in cost. Automation also plays a significant role in pricing. So the high cost is justified. It must be said that the high price of pyrolysis boilers quickly justifies itself due to fuel savings.