Petrukhin is a hero of the USSR. Aviadeboshir for the first time can be sentenced to a real term
Anastasia Baidrakova
Barrierov.net
"Destiny of Man"
What do we mean when we say " strong man"? Hardly swollen muscles. Strength of mind, strength of character - that's what makes us admire some people. One of them will be discussed now. An unsuccessful chemical experiment 30 years ago led Evgeny Petrukhin to complete loss of vision. I had to start new life to get a new profession. But the difficulties recede before the indefatigable energy of our hero. He designs new devices, puts on bioenergetic experiments and constantly helps people. Evgeny Petrukhin in our section "The Fate of Man".
We came to visit Yevgeny Fedorovich at the dacha. The house is small, and for detailed conversations the owner invites us ... to the attic: "We climb into my personal, so to speak, office. This is my personal space plus a minimum of medical equipment there, which I sometimes use for myself, sometimes for one of the people impatient. If you want, you can see. "
Evgeny Petrukhin took up medicine after he lost his sight. In 1984, he graduated from medical school with honors with a degree in massage and manual therapy. However, it was already the third diploma. The first education - a chemistry teacher - our hero received in the distant 69th. And then there was a state university by vocation: radiophysics and electronics. Professional versatility is now manifested in everything: Eugene heals people, using his knowledge in physics. "Acoustic resonance therapy. In this case, the main thing is this device, which is called the emitter. The whole chip is concentrated in it," says Evgeny Petrukhin.
The emitter membrane vibrates from sounds. If you put on suitable music and lean the device against your body, the energy of harmonic vibrations "feeds" the internal organs. Evgeny makes all the devices himself. Even objects seemingly far from medicine are used. “For vacuum massage, a device was made from an ordinary flower pot. Previously, I made it from a glass jar, rubberized it, it’s difficult, but as soon as it claws, that’s all,” says Evgeny Petrukhin.
We attach the device to another, by the way, it was once part of the refrigerator - and, as they say, hooray, it worked! “Under the influence of vacuum, the vessels expand, then, under the influence of vacuum, it compresses them. And it turns out powerful vascular gymnastics,” Evgeny comments.
From office to machine. A lot of adaptations were made here, including those of a medical nature. “When there is a lot of dust, sparks, smoke, I do it here, I don’t do it at home anymore. Consider that I made half of the medical equipment here,” the craftsman said. However, equipment is equipment, but you also need to take care of the economy. For example, finish the fence of the veranda.
Works with welding, and with machines: lathe, woodworking. A circular saw, which even some sighted people are afraid to approach, obediently cuts off the bars of the desired width. These will come in handy for the garden - on pegs. "So all this, the dacha is done with my own hands. Well, of course, not without assistants," said Evgeny Petrukhin.
Helping wife, Valentina Nikolaevna. The couple met after the accident. As it suddenly turns out, it was exactly 30 years in winter.
Anniversary, right? Ay-ya-yay!..
Was already. And you didn't remember.
Ay-ya-yay. Yes. 30 years. Nightmare.
What a great excuse to get drunk!
Valentina Nikolaevna reads aloud, helps to move around the city. And I have learned a lot about housework over the years. “Well, of course, he also needs help: mark out, solder, drill, otperpendicularize. It’s all difficult, so he taught me, I help,” says Evgeny’s wife.
His friends also help him. Some, by the way, have remained since ancient times. From a past, sighted life. Together they worked at the Irkutsk Aviation Plant, went hiking, climbed the peaks of Khamar-Daban. Although the peaks are still being conquered. Going, for example, for wild garlic to Chersky Peak is not a problem for Yevgeny Fedorovich. However, for him, much is not a problem. And the point here is not only the ability to clean pipes or, say, dig up a garden. The point is a special vitality and energy, which, probably, is also a talent.
Ptukhin Evgeny Savvich (1902-1942).
Military pilot and military leader, Hero Soviet Union(03/21/1940), lieutenant general of aviation.
Born March 3, 1902 in the city of Yalta in the family of a postal driver. In some sources, the year of birth is given as 1900. This is probably due to the fact that the fifteen-year-old E.V. Ptukhin, signing up as a volunteer in the Red Army, added two years to his age.
Since 1905 he lived with his family in Moscow. Graduated primary school, but was forced to interrupt his studies due to a difficult financial situation families. From the age of 13 he worked as a porter at the station, a messenger in the editorial office of a newspaper, and a telegraph operator's apprentice.
Since 1918 in the Red Army, volunteer.
Since March 1918 in the ranks of the CPSU (b).
Member of the Civil War. He was a cadet of machine-gun courses, a Red Army soldier of the airfield guard of the Tver air group.
Since November 1918 - minder of the 1st Aviation Artillery Detachment. He fought on the Southern, Southwestern and Western fronts against the armies of Denikin and Pilsudski.
In 1922 he graduated from the school of minders in Yegorievsk, served as a senior minder of the 1st Aviation Squadron.
In 1923 he graduated from the Yegoryevsk Theoretical Pilot School, was sent to the Lipetsk Practical Flight School, after its dissolution in May 1924 - to the Borisoglebsk Pilot School.
After Borisoglebsk, until December 1924, he studied in Serpukhov at the Higher Military Aviation School of Air Shooting and Bombing.
From December 1924 he served as a pilot in the 2nd separate fighter squadron (later - the 7th separate fighter squadron named after F.E. Dzerzhinsky) in Moscow.
Since 1925, he was already the flight commander of this squadron.
Since 1927 - the commander of an air squadron in Vitebsk.
In 1929 he graduated from advanced training courses for command personnel (KUKS) at the Air Force Academy.
Since 1929 - commander-commissar of the 15th separate fighter aviation squadron in the Bryansk air brigade.
Since May 1934 - commander of the 450th mixed air brigade (Smolensk).
Since July 1935 - commander of the 142nd Fighter Aviation Brigade in Bobruisk. With the introduction of personal military ranks, by order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR No. 2488 of November 28, 1935, Yevgeny Savvich Ptukhin was awarded the personal military rank of "brigade commander".
From the mid-1930s, the country's industry began to produce aircraft designs that were more advanced at that time. Soviet aviation acquired the importance of an operational-strategic factor and became one of the main types of the country's Armed Forces. At the same time, the task was set to master this new technique in as soon as possible. For great success in combat training and mastery of new equipment, brigade commander E.S. Ptukhin was awarded the Order of the Red Star on May 25, 1936. In the same year, according to the results of district maneuvers, by order of the People's Commissar of Defense, he was awarded the M-1 passenger car.
From May 15, 1937 to February 25, 1938 he participated in civil war in Spain, was the commander of the 26th Fighter Group, then the chief adviser to the commander of the Republican Air Force. Had the pseudonym "General José". On the I-16 fighter, he participated in air battles, took part in the Brunet operation. E.S. Ptukhin - one of the developers of the plan to strike at the airfield of the Francoist aviation Garapinillos (10 km from the city of Zaragoza), which was successfully carried out on October 15, 1937 with heavy losses for the enemy. An innovation in strike tactics was that it was the first massive fighter raid on an enemy airfield. The use of fighters was not explained by the absence of bombers, which also indirectly took part in this operation: they delivered a distracting strike at secondary targets. Later, this fighter aviation tactic became widespread in other military conflicts.
Since 1938 - Commander of the Air Force of the Leningrad Military District.
On October 7, 1938, he was approved as a member of the Military Council under the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR.
As head of the Air Force of the North-Western Front, he participated in the Winter War.
On March 21, 1940, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Yevgeny Savvich Ptukhin was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the medal " Golden Star».
In January 1941 he was appointed head of the Main Directorate of Air Defense of the Red Army.
In the spring of 1941 he was appointed commander of the Air Force of the Kyiv Special Military District.
As commander of the Air Force of the Southwestern Front, he participated in the Great Patriotic War from June 22, 1941. In the first hours of the war, aviation subordinate to E.S. Ptukhin was almost completely destroyed, and for the most part - at airfields ... Among other major military leaders, on June 24 he was arrested. By the verdict of the military tribunal on February 13, 1942, he was convicted and a week later, on February 23, he was shot. He was buried in Moscow at the Novodevichy Cemetery. October 6, 1954 was posthumously rehabilitated.
Awards:
- medal "Gold Star" of the Hero of the Soviet Union No. 244;
-two Orders of Lenin;
- Order of the Red Banner;
- Order of the Red Star;
-medal "XX years of the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army".
List of sources:
Site "Heroes of the Country". Ptukhin Evgeny Savvich.
V.V. Gagin. Air war in Spain (1936-1939).
S.I.Shingarev. The Chatos are on the attack.
Vladimir Yakovlevich Petrukhin is a famous Russian scientist. Specializes in history and archeology. He has the title of Doctor of Historical Sciences. He teaches at the Department of Russian History in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Times at the Historical and Archival Institute of the Russian State University for the Humanities.
Biography of a scientist
Vladimir Yakovlevich Petrukhin was born in the Moscow region, in the city of Pushkino, in 1950. He received his secondary education at school No. 1 in the same small town with a population of only 100 thousand people.
Even at school, I became interested in history and especially archeology. At the age of 12, he becomes a member of the club of young archaeologists, which works in Moscow at the Moscow Museum of History and Reconstruction, created at the very end of the 19th century.
Petrukhin Vladimir Yakovlevich finishes school with a silver medal. Childhood passion determined his future profession. Per higher education he is sent to the history department of Moscow State University.
After university
Moscow State University Petrukhin Vladimir Yakovlevich graduated in 1972. He received the specialty of a historian with knowledge of a foreign language and the right to teach at school. But the young man had other plans.
He enters as a graduate student at the Department of Archeology of Moscow State University. By that time, the ancient artifacts of medieval Russia interested him more and more. At the department, he works under the supervision of Professor Daniil Antonovich Avdusin, the author of the most popular wounded textbooks on archeology, which were used in all universities of the country.
At Avdusin, Vladimir Yakovlevich Petrukhin defends his PhD thesis. The subject of his research is funeral rites in pagan Scandinavia. He receives degree candidate of historical sciences.
Works in archeology
In 1975, Vladimir Yakovlevich Petrukhin headed the editorial office of archeology and ethnography at the Soviet Encyclopedia publishing house, which was engaged in both the release of the famous Great Soviet Encyclopedia and the preparation of industry and thematic dictionaries and encyclopedias. Petrukhin oversees work related to the history of ancient and medieval Russia and Scandinavia.
In 1991 he became a professor at the Dubnov Higher Humanitarian School, which at that time was called the "Jewish University in Moscow". Semyon Dubnov, whose name the educational institution bears, is one of the founders. Vladimir Yakovlevich Petrukhin also paid great attention to the study of this people. Jewish history is one of his areas of interest.
At the same time, he goes to work at the Institute of Slavic Studies. Russian Academy Sciences. He is still working on it.
Ph.D
In 1994, Petrukhin received the title of Doctor of Historical Sciences. He defends his dissertation at the Institute of Slavic and Balkan Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The theme of his research is the problems of the ethno-cultural history of the Slavic peoples in Russia in the 9th - 11th centuries.
In parallel, he becomes a member of the academic council of the center scientific works nicknames and teachers of Judaic "Sefer". This is an organization created specifically to conduct scientific research in the field of Jewish studies, as well as to teach all kinds of Jewish disciplines in higher educational institutions. Petrukhin Vladimir Yakovlevich actively promotes such items. The nationality of a scientist largely determines his interests and work.
Since 1997, Petrukhin has also taught at the Department of Russian History at the Institute of History and Archives of the Russian State University for the Humanities. In 2004, his merits are evaluated by the Ministry of Education Russian Federation. He is assigned scientific degree professor of the history of the Ancient World and the Middle Ages.
Awards and prizes
During her scientific career, Petrukhin has repeatedly received various awards and prizes. So, in 1996, he received a diploma from the Open Society Foundation. It is an interstate public charitable organization founded by philanthropist George Soros. The merits of Petrukhin were evaluated in the competition "New books on social and humanities for schools". One of his main works at that time was the monograph "The Beginning of the Ethnocultural History of Russia in the 9th-11th Centuries", on the basis of which he defended his doctoral dissertation.
In 2010, Petrukhin received a medal from the Slavic Foundation for the contribution and development of the heritage of the founders of the Slavic alphabet, Cyril and Methodius.
In 2015, he became a laureate of the Academician Prize for his work on medieval Russia. The period under study is the 9th-10th centuries, from the arrival of the Varangians in Russia to the choice of faith.
Scientific activity
Today, in Russian science, Petrukhin is one of the leading experts in archeology and historical anthropology of ancient and medieval Russia. The peoples, the study of which he is primarily engaged in, are the Slavs, Khazars and Scandinavians.
Also in the field of his research was the beginning of the ethno-cultural history of Russia and the study of the ethnographic features of the peoples living in Northern and Eastern Europe. These include Slavs, Jews and Finno-Ugric peoples.
The main feature of his scientific works is an integrated approach to the problem under discussion. Petrukhin Vladimir Yakovlevich, whose books are studied today by all connoisseurs of the history and archeology of Ancient Russia, strictly relies in his works on all known and available sources.
A vivid example of such work is his monograph "The Beginning of the Ethnocultural History of Russia in the 9th-11th Centuries", which was published in 1995. In this scientific work, he creates a fresh concept of the history of Ancient Russia, in which the emphasis is primarily on geopolitical and ethno-cultural issues. This approach has not been used by researchers before.
Publications in scientific journals
Petrukhin is a very prolific scientist. He is a member of the editorial board of a dozen scientific and specialized journals, and regularly appears on their pages with his articles and research.
You can get acquainted with the works of Petrukhin in the "Bulletin of the Jewish University", "Slavic Studies", "Living Antiquity", the almanacs "Parallels", "Khazar Almanac".
The scientist is a member of the organizing committees of Russian and international conferences on archeology, Russian and Khazar history. He regularly participates in meetings devoted to the ethnography of the Eastern European peoples.
"Khazar project"
Vladimir Petrukhin is an active participant in most of the largest domestic and international projects in archeology, history and ethnography.
In particular, one of the largest is the "Khazar project". Its main goal is to protect and study the monuments of the Khazar history and culture, the study of artifacts left over from Jewish history. The project is cultivated in the Higher Humanitarian School and the Russian Jewish Congress.
In the same school, the scientist teaches the history of Russia in ancient times and the Middle Ages, and reads a course on introduction to archeology. in the Moscow state university at the Institute of Asia and Africa reads a course of lectures "Khazars and the initial history of the Jews in Eastern Europe."
At the Russian State humanitarian university Petrukhin reads a course of lectures on the early history of Russia. He also teaches special courses for students on religious antiquities, the history of the ancient Slavs. Every year, under his leadership, field archaeological research is carried out in different parts of Russia, Europe and Asia.
Scientific publications
Vladimir Petrukhin is the author of more than 500 scientific papers. They have been published since 1973 to the present day. He also wrote a number of popular science books that are interesting not only to narrow specialists, but to a wide range of readers.
Among them is the book "Rus in the Middle Ages". Petrukhin Vladimir Yakovlevich released it together with Leonid Belyaev, a famous Russian archaeologist who studies ancient Moscow, medieval Europe and the East. This is a book for a wide range of readers, telling about the history of Russia in the Middle Ages. It covers the era of Ancient Russia from the 10th to the 13th century and Muscovite Russia until the 17th century.
Scandinavian myths
Another popular science book is Myths of Ancient Scandinavia. Petrukhin Vladimir Yakovlevich released it in 2012 by the AST publishing house.
In it, in a popular form, it tells about the picture of the world that the Scandinavian pagans imagined. The same it appears to us in the primary sources - "Elder Edda", sagas, myths and epics of the Scandinavian people.
In his work, Petrukhin focuses on the study and analysis of the monuments of the ancient visual arts, as well as a religious cult, discoveries made by archaeologists in recent decades.
Vladimir Petrukhin carefully studies the culture of the German people in the era of the Great Migration of Nations, as well as the Scandinavians during the Viking Age. Then, according to the author, their culture was closely connected with the culture of the Slavs who lived in Russia. That is why much attention in the book is paid to the comparison and comparison of the myths of the Scandinavians and the ancient Slavic peoples. Petrukhin finds much in common in them.
"Slavic Antiquities"
One of the main works of Petrukhin is the scientific encyclopedia "Slavic Antiquities: An Ethnolinguistic Dictionary". 5 volumes of this work were published from 1995 to 2012. The encyclopedia was published under the general editorship of Doctor of Philology Nikita Ilyich Tolstoy. Petrukhin was one of the most active authors.
This publication covers in detail the theme of Slavic studies, Slavic culture and mythology.
This dictionary summarizes the study of Slavic culture, language, folklore and mythology over the past century and a half. Initially, it was supposed to be exclusively scientific reading, but it turned out to be interesting to a wide range of readers.
From this encyclopedia we can learn the features of the spiritual life of the Slavic peoples. Separate articles are devoted to their ideas about the world order, natural forces and phenomena, the saints of that time, the place in the world of sorcerers, witches and other evil spirits.
In all its glory it appears Ancient Russia. Petrukhin Vladimir Yakovlevich pays special attention to rituals, holidays, customs and family way of life, which was adopted in the families of the ancient Slavs.
Petrukhin and Zadornov
The topics that Vladimir Petrukhin raises in his works, in recent times extremely popular in Russian society. They are actively discussed not only by scientists, but even by pop artists.
The famous satirist Mikhail Zadornov has recently paid much attention to Slavic history. He even calls himself a non-academic researcher of the history of the Slavs. At the same time, the scientific community is skeptical and not serious about his conclusions.
For example, in 2012, Zadornov released the film "Rurik. Lost Reality." Professional historians have criticized the picture for being pseudo-scientific and populist. In the film, Zadornov adheres to anti-Norman ideas, many considered it amateurish. Among them was an ardent supporter of the Norman theory - Vladimir Yakovlevich Petrukhin. Zadornov was criticized by him.
Film "Viking"
Adherence to the Norman theory manifested itself while working on the film "Viking" The main historical consultant for the film is Petrukhin Vladimir Yakovlevich. "Viking" - a film about the history of Russia in the X century. The events described in The Tale of Bygone Years are taken as the basis, in particular, the coming to power of Prince Vladimir Svyatoslavovich.
The film was released on the screens of Russian cinemas on the eve of the new year 2017. It became the main film event during the long New Year holidays. At the box office, the picture collected more than one and a half billion rubles. With a budget of one billion 250 million, this can be considered a definite success.
In addition to Petrukhin, the creators of the picture were advised by a specialist in Russian anthroponymy and linguist Fyodor Borisovich Uspensky, a major researcher of Slavism.
In total, about three thousand people were involved in the work on the project. Work began back in 2008.
To give maximum historical authenticity, the shooting took place in the Crimea, at the Taigan reservoir, in the Genoese fortress, in the village of Shkolnoye in the Simferopol region, in Bakhchisarai and at Cape Fiolent in Sevastopol.
A special cinema park was even built for the film in the area of the Red Caves in the Crimea. As conceived by the creators, these landscapes corresponded to the events described in the picture as much as possible.