The average weight of a child at 1 month. Weight gain in newborns by month
The weight of a newborn is one of the most important indicators of his health. If the baby is full-term, but weighs less than 2.8 kg, they say that he lacked nutrients in utero. But if doctors do not notice health problems, everything is in the hands of the mother. Feed the baby breast milk or an artificial mixture - her task.
The weight of newborns in the first days of life decreases. Excess fluid comes out of the body, weight is lost and with the passage of the original feces - meconium. And mommy in the first 3-5 days after giving birth has only colostrum, it is very small, enough only to satisfy her hunger, but not to make fat reserves. Normal weight indicators are reduced to 10%. That is, if a child was born weighing 4 kg, after 3 days he can weigh 3.6 kg. But by the time of discharge from the hospital, weight gain is already beginning in breastfed newborns, mommy has a lot of breast milk. Subject to active breast sucking by the child. If the weight continues to decrease with active breast sucking, this is a reason for examining the child. Perhaps there are problems with the digestive system or there is a congenital lactase deficiency. With the second reason, the baby often has green stools, severe gas formation, and a stomach ache during feedings.
Breastfed and formula-fed newborns gain weight from 500 grams per month. The norm is considered - from 600 grams and up to about 1.5 kg. Babies usually gain weight unevenly. For example, in the first month they can become heavier by 1.5 kg, and in the second by 500-600 grams. It is important that the trend of weight growth is maintained, and the overall increase fits into the normal. For example, it is believed that by 6 months, babies should gain the same weight with which they were born. For example, a child born 3.5 kg should weigh at least 7 kg.
In addition to the weight of honey. workers in children's clinics measure the size of the chest, head, height of the child. It must develop harmoniously. Physical and mental skills should be age appropriate. It often happens, especially in children closer to the age of one year, that the weight is slightly behind the norm, and the child himself is active and developed by age. Then doctors tend to consider this a variant of the norm, an individual feature. Perhaps the child just has a very active metabolism, and he himself is mobile, does not sit still, quickly spends the calories received with food.
Excessive newborn weight gain- a sign of overeating. It often happens in babies who are breastfed without any regimen and in artificial people who are offered too large volumes of the mixture or they cook it incorrectly (make it too saturated). To see what normal weight gain in newborns by months can be expected - see the table. If your child is gaining weight by leaps and bounds, normalize his diet.
1. If the baby suckles constantly, try to introduce at least small intervals between feedings. Although they say that you can’t overeat with breast milk, in practice it turns out that it’s very possible. And okay, weight, in children who eat too much, atopic dermatitis (diathesis) is more common, the stomach hurts more often, and infant colic lasts longer.
2. If the baby gains weight well on artificial feeding, you need to check with the pediatrician again about the norms for using the mixture per day. Your baby is probably just overeating.
What to do with poor weight gain and approximate norms
Feed tighter! This is the most correct answer to the question. If your baby is a little behind in weight, being exclusively on breastfeeding, do not rush to introduce a mixture into his diet. This will reduce the amount of milk. Often such a lack of weight occurs in very young children. The weight of a newborn in the first month after birth does not grow well, if he likes to sleep, during feedings he dozes almost all the time, sucks inefficiently. Due to lazy suckling, the mother's milk production is reduced. Hunger in a child, of course, wakes up, but usually in the late afternoon, when mommy has almost no milk left in her chest. At least one that can be easily obtained, without active sucking.
The lack of weight in a baby of such a plan can be explained and “treated” by frequent attachments to the chest and attempts to wake the baby for feeding. To wake the baby, you can ventilate the room, turn on the TV, bathe, etc. Weight gain in premature babies for this reason is often insufficient. The child is small and lethargic. However, large babies born weighing 4 kg or more often like to sleep and are too lazy to suck.
If a mother wants to keep breastfeeding, it is necessary, without sparing herself, to keep the baby at her breast almost all day long. Immediately after waking up, breastfeed, do not allow to suck water from a bottle and a pacifier, only the breast. After about a week the situation is resolved. And if all is well, you can make the intervals between feedings a little longer, but no more than 3 hours during the day and 6 hours at night.
If the rate of weight gain in breastfed children cannot be achieved, for example, the mother has completely flat nipples, and the child does not want to suck milk through silicone pads, or frequent stress, it is necessary to supplement with milk formula. Give it should be in feeding, when the child is definitely not full. Usually in the evening. Ideally, you can buy or rent an electronic baby scale and use it to weigh your baby for a couple of days before and after each feeding. Thus, it will be possible to estimate the amount of milk drunk, and it will become clear how much mixture should be given to the child and at what time of day. Just keep in mind that such supplements often lead to a decrease in HB and its complete replacement with artificial feeding.
In order to prevent the rapid end of breastfeeding and the child's refusal to breastfeed, one must not abandon attempts to increase lactation. Continue to breastfeed frequently, try different lactagons, drink more fluids, and be less nervous. When the level of how much a baby should normally add when breastfeeding is reached and even exceeded, it's time to gradually reduce supplementary feeding with a mixture. Only gradually. Many women have been able to transition from mixed feeding back to breastfeeding. The main desire. If something does not work out, you need to contact a breastfeeding consultant. It is in any more or less large city.
Does the rate of weight gain depend on the sex of the child? Hardly ever. Weight gain in newborn boys is about the same as in girls, with the same amount of food. A gap of literally half a kilogram is possible. But the growth of boys by the year, indeed, turns out to be a little more than that of little ladies. Girls gain weight and height faster than boys only closer to puberty.
In addition to nutrition, the complexion of the child depends on:
- heredity;
- course of the mother's pregnancy.
On average, the weight of children in the first three months of life increases by 750 grams (per month). From 3 to 6 months - by 700 grams. From 7 to 9 months - 550 grams per month. From 9 to 12 months - by 350 grams.
Table of the rate of weight gain for newborns from 0 to a year by months:
Age, months | The rate of weight gain for boys, gr. | Norm of weight gain for girls, gr. | Average values of weight gain, gr. |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 400 - 1200 | 400 - 900 | 600 |
2 | 400 - 1500 | 400 - 1300 | 800 |
3 | 600 - 1300 | 500 - 1200 | 800 |
4 | 400 - 1300 | 500 - 1100 | 750 |
5 | 400 - 1200 | 300 - 1000 | 700 |
6 | 400 - 1000 | 300 - 1000 | 650 |
7 | 200 - 1000 | 200 - 800 | 600 |
8 | 200 - 800 | 200 - 800 | 550 |
9 | 200 - 800 | 100 - 600 | 500 |
10 | 100 - 600 | 100 - 500 | 450 |
11 | 100 - 500 | 100 - 500 | 400 |
12 | 100 - 500 | 100 - 500 | 350 |
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Your baby has recently been born, and you are completely immersed in chores, worries, first joys and anxieties. Is everything in order with the baby, is he developing correctly? Look for answers in our Child Development Calendar.
Height and weight of a child at 1 month
For the first month, the child gains an average of 600-800 g and grows by 3-3.5 cm.
Norm indicators *. Child's age - 1 month |
Bottom line |
Upper bound |
Boys weight, kg |
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Girls weight, kg |
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Boys height, cm |
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Girls height, cm |
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Head circumference of boys, cm |
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Head circumference of girls, cm |
*The data are indicated according to the centile tables of domestic pediatricians
Basic reflexes of a newborn:
At birth, the baby has congenital reflexes. Some of them are temporary, they include:
- sucking(manifested in response to irritation of the oral cavity);
- Prehensile(the baby unconsciously squeezes the fingers of the palms if something is put into them);
- Search(with careful, gentle stroking of the corner of the baby’s mouth, the child begins to lower the lower lip, deflect the tongue towards the irritant and actively “search” for the mother’s breast);
- Walk reflex(if you hold the child, then he begins to move his legs like that, as if walking).
Some reflexes remain with the child for his entire life: blinking, sneezing, yawning, startling, etc.
It is by reflexes that neonatologists determine the level of development of the nervous system of a newborn.
Baby development at 1 month
It seems that now the child can only sleep, eat and cry. But it's not! It is developing at an amazing rate. While he lies, bending his legs and arms, but within the first month they will straighten out.
Advice! Place your baby on your tummy more often. In this position, he will try to hold the head and at the same time train the muscles of the chest and back.
The movements of the child become more coordinated, and vision - sharper. Immediately after birth, he sees everything as if through a fog. Gradually learns to focus the gaze. She studies her mother's face with interest when she bends down or takes it in her arms, follows with her eyes objects that are no further than 20-35 cm.
A newborn sleeps almost around the clock. The rare hours of his wakefulness are the most valuable. Use them to communicate with your child. He is an interesting conversationalist. He has a wonderful quality - the ability to listen. The child feels your mood, captures the emotional coloring of your voice, studies the movements of your mother's lips, looks into your eyes and one day will answer warm words with a charming smile!
What can a baby at 1 month:
Associate familiar mother's smell with her voice;
Listen to the intonations of the people around you;
Hold the head vertically for a few seconds;
During feeding, stop looking at the face of the mother;
Distinguish sweet, bitter and sour taste;
Grab your mom by the finger and hold it in your fist for a long time;
By the end of the first month, he is able to focus his eyes on the face of an adult;
To smile.
Massage for children at 1 month of age
The mental development of newborns is closely related to the physical. Even if the child just lies and actively moves his arms, it stimulates him nervous system. In the morning and before bathing, be sure to do baby easy massage. Just stroke the arms, legs, back and tummy. On the child's feet, draw a figure eight: from the toes to the heel. This simple exercise for newborns has a positive effect on all body systems, because all functional points are located on the foot.
Exercises for children in 1 month
1. Fetal position
Pull the bent legs of the child to the stomach, fold the arms on the chest. With your right hand, tilt the head of the little one forward a little. In this position, rock the baby in different directions. This exercise is great for calming and relaxing.
2. Handles to the sides
Lay the child on his back. Put your thumbs into his fists. He will hold on to them. Slightly spread the crumbs' arms to the sides and gently shake them. This exercise will help strengthen the muscles of the hands.
3. We sit in Turkish
Take the child in your arms, press your back to your chest. Bend his legs so that he sits in Turkish. Support his feet with one hand and grab his armpits with the other. Exercise will help you deal with colic.
Bathing a newborn
How to treat an umbilical wound
In this article:
It is this question that worries first of all both the mother of the newborn, and relatives, friends and acquaintances. Normal weight is considered to be between 2700 and 4000 grams. In this case, the baby should be born at 37-40 weeks. If the newborn was born earlier or later, such parameters are not reliable.
Factors affecting the birth weight of a child:
- Mother's health status. For some chronic diseases women, for example, diabetes, metabolic disorders, increased blood pressure, blood incompatibility according to the Rh factor or pathology of the cardiovascular system, the baby may be born overweight or underweight.
- Improper nutrition of a pregnant woman. With an excess of carbohydrates in the mother's diet, babies are born overweight, and with a lack of vitamins and nutrients, children weigh less than necessary.
- The physique of the parents. Babies from miniature parents are born with less weight than tall and full moms and dads.
- The gender of the baby. Boys are almost always born larger than girls.
- The number of previous pregnancies in the mother. Each subsequent baby is born larger than the previous one.
- The number of babies in the uterus. With multiple pregnancies, each twin or triplet baby will weigh slightly less than the standard. Yes, and such babies are born most often ahead of schedule.
- condition of the placenta. With placental insufficiency, the supply of nutrients from the mother to the fetus is disrupted, and the child may begin to lag behind in fetal development.
If the weight of the fetus is more than 4 kg, such a fetus is considered large. Doctors should carefully monitor the course of such a pregnancy and, if necessary, decide on the need caesarean section, since not always a woman will be able to give birth to a large child on her own. Often, overweight of a newborn child appears due to edema. Adaptation of such babies in most cases is difficult.
The rate of weight gain in babies
Pediatricians use special tables to calculate weight gain in babies. But the assessment of the development of the child should be individual and depends on the weight of the baby at the time of discharge. During the first month of life, an increase of 400 to 800 grams is considered normal, and after six months this figure is 400-500 grams per month.
Newborn weight gain depends on the state of his health, appetite, activity, mother's milk supply, daily routine and feeding.
Causes of deviation from the norm
By six months, the baby should weigh twice as much as at discharge, and a year - three times. If a child is fed on demand, then he can gain 1000-2000 g in the first month, and when following a strict regimen, the increase may be insignificant. Girls usually gain weight worse than boys. Supplementation with water and the use of a pacifier can also lead to weight loss.
What to do in case of deviation from the norm?
If the weight of the child does not correspond to the norms in the table, it is necessary to find out the reason. With a large increase in a breastfed child, a nursing mother should pay closer attention to her diet, excluding sweet and starchy foods. If the increase is insufficient, it may be necessary to supplement with formula or increase its amount if the child is bottle-fed.
How is weight gain calculated?
In the first days of life, the newborn loses weight. The loss can be from 5 to 7-10% of the original figures. This is completely normal and is not a cause for concern. The mother's lactation is still just getting better and the baby receives only a small amount of colostrum. With the advent of milk, the weight begins to grow actively. On average, it should increase by 20-30 g per day. Within the first twelve days of life, the baby should return to its birth weight. If the baby was born prematurely and / or with a small weight, then he is not discharged from the hospital until they see a figure of 2600 g on the scales.
In the future, the increase should be 125-130 g per week, and in breastfed children, an increase of up to 500 g per week can also be considered the norm.
Table of indicators of body weight of boys up to a year
Age | Index | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
very low | short | below the average | average | above average | high | very tall | |
0 months | <2,7 | 2,7-2,9 | 2,9-3,1 | 3,1-3,7 | 3,7-3,9 | 3,9-4,2 | >4,2 |
1 month | <3,3 | 3,3-3,6 | 3,6-4,0 | 4,0-4,7 | 4,7-5,1 | 5,1-5,4 | >5,4 |
2 months | <3,9 | 3,9-4,2 | 4,2-4,6 | 4,6-5,6 | 5,6-6,0 | 6,0-6,4 | >6,4 |
3 months | <4,5 | 4,5-4,9 | 4,9-5,3 | 5,3-6,4 | 6,4-7,0 | 7,0-7,3 | >7,3 |
4 months | <5,1 | 5,1-5,5 | 5,5-6,0 | 6,0-7,2 | 7,2-7,6 | 7,6-8,1 | >8,1 |
5 months | <5,6 | 5,6-6,1 | 6,1-6,5 | 6,5-7,8 | 7,8-8,3 | 8,3-8,8 | >8,8 |
6 months | <6,1 | 6,1-6,6 | 6,6-7,1 | 7,1-8,4 | 8,4-9,0 | 9,0-9,4 | >9,4 |
7 months | <6,6 | 6,6-7,1 | 7,1-7,6 | 7,6-8,9 | 8,9-9,5 | 9,5-9,9 | >9,9 |
8 months | <7,1 | 7,1-7,5 | 7,5-8,0 | 8,0-9,4 | 9,4-10,0 | 10,0-10,5 | >10,5 |
9 months | <7,5 | 7,5-7,9 | 7,9-8,4 | 8,4-9,8 | 9,8-10,5 | 10,5-11,0 | >11,0 |
10 months | <7,9 | 7,9-8,3 | 8,3-8,8 | 8,8-10,3 | 10,3-10,9 | 10,9-11,4 | >11,4 |
11 months | <8,2 | 8,2-8,6 | 8,6-9,1 | 9,1-10,6 | 10,6-11,2 | 11,2-11,8 | >11,8 |
1 year | <8,5 | 8,5-8,9 | 8,9-9,4 | 9,4-10,9 | 10,9-11,6 | 11,6-12,1 | >12,1 |
Table of body weight indicators for girls up to a year
Age | Index | ||||||
very low | short | below the average | average | above average | high | very tall | |
0 months | <2,6 | 2,6-2,8 | 2,8-3,0 | 3,0-3,7 | 3,7-3,9 | 3,9-4,1 | >4,1 |
1 month | <3,3 | 3,3-3,6 | 3,6-3,8 | 3,8-4,5 | 4,5-4,7 | 4,7-5,1 | >5,1 |
2 months | <3,8 | 3,8-4,2 | 4,2-4,5 | 4,5-5,2 | 5,2-5,5 | 5,5-5,9 | >5,9 |
3 months | <4,4 | 4,4-4,8 | 4,8-5,2 | 5,2-5,9 | 5,9-6,3 | 6,3-6,7 | >6,7 |
4 months | <5,0 | 5,0-5,4 | 5,4-5,8 | 5,8-6,6 | 6,6-7,0 | 7,0-7,5 | >7,5 |
5 months | <5,5 | 5,5-5,9 | 5,9-6,3 | 6,3-7,2 | 7,2-7,7 | 7,7-8,1 | >8,1 |
6 months | <5,9 | 5,9-6,3 | 6,3-6,8 | 6,8-7,8 | 7,8-8,3 | 8,3-8,7 | >8,7 |
7 months | <6,4 | 6,4-6,8 | 6,8-7,3 | 7,3-8,4 | 8,4-8,9 | 8,9-9,3 | >9,3 |
8 months | <6,7 | 6,7-7,2 | 7,2-7,6 | 7,6-8,8 | 8,8-9,3 | 9,3-9,7 | >9,7 |
9 months | <7,1 | 7,1-7,5 | 7,5-8,0 | 8,0-9,2 | 9,2-9,7 | 9,7-10,1 | >10,1 |
10 months | <7,4 | 7,4-7,9 | 7,9-8,4 | 8,4-9,6 | 9,6-10,1 | 10,1-10,5 | >10,5 |
11 months | <7,7 | 7,7-8,3 | 8,3-8,7 | 8,7-9,9 | 9,9-10,5 | 10,5-10,9 | >10,9 |
1 year | <8,0 | 8,0-8,5 | 8,5-9,0 | 9,0-10,2 | 10,2-10,8 | 10,8-11,3 | >11,3 |
Is the baby getting enough milk?
New mothers often worry that the baby may not get enough or poor quality milk. There is no cause for concern if:
- the baby receives a breast on demand, actively and with appetite sucks;
- the number of urination is from 8 to 12 times a day or more;
- gains weight 20-30 g per day;
- the stool in the crumbs is yellow, 3-6 times a day and more often.
Do not try to sound the alarm at the first doubt and immediately start supplementing with the mixture. First you need to make sure that you are properly latching on, feeding on demand, not supplementing with water, not using pacifiers and eating well. If you follow all the rules, but the increase is less than 125 g per week, consult your local doctor. Only the pediatrician should decide on the need to introduce additional artificial nutrition, choose its type and calculate the amount needed by the child.
Video on how to weigh a newborn
There will be hundreds of months and decades in the life of this person, but the FIRST month is four weeks of special responsibility and attention of parents, these are thirty days of new sensations and recognition of this world by the baby, new extraordinary impressions and experiences of mom and dad.
Physical development
In the life of this person there will be hundreds of months and decades, but the first month is four weeks of special responsibility and attention of parents, these are thirty days of new sensations and recognition of this world by the baby, new extraordinary impressions and experiences of mom and dad. This is the month when new life literally and figuratively flows into your home. In the maternity hospital, like a shot from a starting pistol, the cry of a new citizen of our planet is heard. The start is given, and ahead is a life-long marathon distance.
In the period of the first month after childbirth, the baby is usually called a newborn. Only after being born, after a difficult first breath and a deafening birth catharsis, the baby's organs and systems begin to actively adapt to extrauterine life. Immediately in the maternity hospital, according to the rules, in the first 12 hours of life, the newborn is given the first vaccination against viral hepatitis in his life, and within 3-7 days he is vaccinated against tuberculosis (BCG). The next vaccination will be a hepatitis B booster at 1 month of age.
The circulatory system is significantly rebuilt, red blood cells with the fetal type of hemoglobin (it is also called fetal), now irrelevant for the body, are rapidly destroyed the immune system, solve their first problems with the kidneys, digestive and endocrine systems of the child, and his skin, respiratory tract and intestines for the first time encounter microbes previously unfamiliar to them.
It is possible that in the first week after birth, the baby will lose about ten percent of body weight. This is a consequence of the adaptation of the body of the newborn to the extrauterine environment. Parents should not panic and worry about this. In the future, the baby will quickly recover and gain weight. In the first week, the whole body of the newborn works with great tension, and a more stable and calm state occurs only at the beginning of the second week.
Indicators of the child from birth to 1 month
Growth chart and
And the weight chart
Growth
3.330-3.530 kg
Head circumference
chest girth
The first month the baby spends a significant part of the day (up to 20 hours) in a dream. A newborn, as a rule, sleeps in a frog position, that is, lying on his back, with arms bent at the elbows and raised up and with legs bent in knee joints and extended to the sides.
In a newborn during this period, five states of sleep are distinguished:
- deep sleep, when the baby is absolutely relaxed, breathes slowly and evenly, eyes are closed and the face is relaxed;
- shallow sleep, when the child has more rapid, not quite even breathing, twitching of the arms and legs is possible, one can distinguish how the eyeballs move under the eyelids;
- drowsiness that occurs during feeding or before falling asleep, characterized by half-closed eyes;
- wakefulness, when the baby is active, makes movements with his whole body, arms and legs;
- crying that indicates that the newborn is in an uncomfortable state, such as being hungry, scared, or wet.
In the first month, the baby has the following features of motor skills - lying on his stomach, he tries to raise his head, and sometimes he even manages to keep it in this state for several seconds. In the first thirty days, the newborn will add about 600 grams to its original weight and grow by about 3 centimeters, the head circumference will increase by 1.5 - 2 centimeters.
In the first month, it is very important to adjust the feeding of the child.
Obviously, the best food for him is mother's milk. In the first days of a child's life, the amount of milk in women gradually increases, but for some (especially primiparous) this increase is not enough. In this regard, the recommendations of doctors on the stimulation of lactation are relevant. One of the main ways to stimulate lactation is to apply the baby to the breast more often at the first sign of the baby's anxiety. This method is called "free feeding mode" or "feeding on demand." Thus, some mothers get 10-12 feedings per day.
It is important to put the nipple in the baby's mouth correctly.- it should capture the entire areola. It has been established that the main volume of breast milk is sucked out by the child during the first 5-10 minutes of feeding. However, there are children who get tired quickly, fall asleep at the breast, they must be encouraged to suck by lightly patting their cheeks, removing from their mouth and putting the nipple back in. When sucking, the baby swallows not only milk, but air also enters along with the nutrient fluid, from which the baby seeks to get rid of. Therefore, the procedure for regurgitation, when excess accumulated air is released, is very important. When breastfeeding, regurgitation is optimal every 5 minutes (or when changing breasts) and every 50 g when bottle fed. This is usually done in three ways - upright on your shoulder, face down on your lap, or in a seated position - and it's a good idea to try all three ways to see which one works best for you and your baby.
Bloating, intestinal cramps, colic- frequent companions of the first months of life even in practically healthy children. Home ways to help a child with these conditions: light massage of the tummy clockwise; vertical position in the hands of an adult or the so-called “skin-to-skin” contact - the baby is placed with his tummy on the bare chest of his mother, reclining in an armchair, covered with a blanket from above, his mother strokes his back; using a vent tube, laying the baby on the stomach for 3-5 minutes, taking plantex (which is based on dill). All these methods help prevent "colic" by helping to remove gases from the intestines.
Highly important point the first weeks of a child's life - healing of the umbilical wound. When discharged from the hospital at the usual time (fifth - seventh day), the umbilical wound does not have time to completely heal.
Traditionally, it is customary to treat the navel with a solution of brilliant green (brilliant green). And this should be done daily, until the wound becomes completely dry in the morning with the child's toilet and in the evening after daily bathing. Until the crust has fallen off, it is recommended to add a slightly pink solution of potassium permanganate, an infusion of chamomile or St. John's wort to the water when bathing. The bathing water temperature is 37–37.5°C, the duration of bathing is no more than 5–7 minutes. If a child has discharge from the umbilical wound or redness and swelling of the umbilical ring, a doctor's consultation is needed. You should also consult a doctor if the crust from the umbilical wound does not fall off when the child reaches the age of 14-15 days.
mental development
The adaptation of the baby to the extrauterine environment is facilitated by congenital reflexes. Some of them disappear in the first months of life, others are transformed into acquired reflexes, reaching the level of consciousness. Such congenital reflexes as the reflex of sneezing, startling, blinking, yawning, knee-jerk reflexes remain in the baby for life. During the first month of life, a child has seven main reflexes:
- Prehensile- manifests itself during stroking or light touching of the child's palm. Reflexively, the baby grabs and holds everything that touches his palm.
- Search- the baby turns the head if they touch or stroke his cheek. This reflex is a necessary component of the instinct for food and nutrition.
- sucking- the baby has visible sucking movements of the lips, if you draw a finger or nipple around the mouth. The sucking reflex, like the search reflex, is strongly associated with the instinct of nutrition.
- Babinski's reflex- when running a finger along the outer edge of the foot, the toes diverge in different directions along with the turn of the foot.
- Mora reflex- a newborn spreads and brings his arms and legs together, reacting to a loud and sudden sound.
- Babkin's reflex- when pressing on the palm of the baby, he turns his head and opens his mouth.
- Swimming reflex- the baby makes movements similar to swimming, if you put him on his stomach.
- Walking reflex- the newborn makes movements that imitate walking, if you support him under the arms so that he touches any surface with his legs.
How do the sense organs develop during this period?
By the middle of the second week of life, many newborns are able to keep a moving object in sight, for example, a bright rattle with a diameter of about ten centimeters. If a bright toy is placed at a distance of 40-50 cm from the baby lying on his back and slowly moves it to the right and left, then the child fixes the toy with his eyes for a few seconds. A three-week-old baby is usually already able to fix more or less large fixed objects with his eyes, for example, the face of mom or dad. If you approach a newborn lying on his back at a distance of 40-50 cm and attract his attention by talking, and then shut up, remaining motionless, the baby will also freeze, carefully peering into your face. By the fourth week, the movements of the baby's eyeballs are already smoother and more coordinated.
In Russia, the first visit to the pediatrician's office with a child usually occurs at the age of 1 month. After the control weighing and measurement of body length, the doctor may report underweight or overweight, insufficient or excessive weight gain. Thus, many parents seriously pay attention to the weight and height of the child only after the first visit to the pediatrician at 1 month.
The reasons for abnormal weight gain may be different, however, most often, they are obvious to a specialist or lie on the surface. So, the most common reason is the wrong intensity of feeding: a young mother can feed a child on demand, on time, according to the presence of milk, can stimulate milk production or not. All this leaves a significant imprint on the weight gain of the baby. In order not to go beyond a healthy weight, it is recommended to weigh the baby every week from birth and gently, without fanaticism, adjust the weight gain by increasing or decreasing the intensity of feeding.
Weight and height tables
* The weight of the child must also correspond to the height, use for estimation.
The weight and height indicated in the tables are strictly for the age of 1 month and correspond to 30-31 days from birth. If the indicators are measured at an age older or younger by a few days, then tabular standards for evaluation are not suitable. In this case, you should use the norms of weight and height, which evaluates and displays the reference indicators up to the day.
Weight gain and growth
For the first month, a newborn boy was supposed to arrive in weight by 770–1450 grams, and a girl by 670–1270 g (see table).
* The table shows weight gain from birth to 30-31 days
If the gain turned out to be low or big, then the doctor must perform a thorough diagnosis and give his recommendations on feeding.
If the weight gain does not fit into the normal range (less than 380 grams), then feeding recommendations are not enough. It is necessary to take tests and conduct a complete diagnosis in order to find or rule out hidden problems, low-grade diseases and dehydration.
The following table shows the weight gain rates for the coming month:
* The weight gain is indicated from the 30th to the 61st days from birth
In the first months after birth, babies gain weight very unevenly, so it is recommended that they be weighed every week. The following is a fragment of the weekly weight gain tablecorresponding to this period of life.
Starting from the first month (from the fifth week), the boy should gain weight by 200-340 grams per week, the girl - by 170-300 g. Over the entire coming month, the boy will have to add 960-1300 grams in weight and 3.8 cm tall, girl 800–1160 and 3.5 cm.
Development of meaningful skills and limitations
Monthly baby can not sit down and sit down. It should be worn holding the head. Swaddling is no longer desirable.
At this age, babies can unknowingly scratch their faces, so you need to watch your nails and wear special thin "scratch" mittens.
The baby should eat well and gain weight.
Breastfeeding and complementary foods
According to the norms, monthly children should be fed only with breast milk, except when milk is objectively not enough, or the doctor recommended supplementing or formula feeding. Also, the baby should be periodically offered warm boiled water with a temperature of 34-37 degrees (in a bottle with a nipple). The child needs water especially if the room temperature is above 22 degrees, or if you dress him in such a way that he constantly sweats (which is not desirable).
During the first month of life, a healthy child eats about 8 times a day, each time drinking about 60 ml of milk.