Condensation in a brick chimney what to do. What threatens condensate in the chimney of a gas boiler and how it is eliminated
Many owners solid fuel heating boilers, one has to contemplate an unpleasant picture - disgusting smudges at the junctions of parts chimneys and heat exchangers of their thermal units.
This condensate is the worst enemy of smoke removal and ventilation systems.
What is condensate
In the broad sense of the word, condensate is a substance that, as a result of its cooling, has passed (condensed) from a gaseous to a liquid or solid state of aggregation. In our case, condensate- this is water and volatile substances dissolved in it, present in flue gases. Condensate can collect and accumulate in the internal cavities of chimneys and heat exchangers, appearing in the form of droplets, streams and puddles of liquid in the most unexpected and inappropriate places. Flue gas condensate is always an aggressive environment that destroys the material of the boiler combustion chamber, its heat exchanger and chimneys. Chemical composition of such a condensate is incredibly diverse, changeable and contradictory.
Where does flue gas condensate come from?
Flue gas condensate results from the condensation of water vapor contained in the exhaust gaseous products of combustion (flue gases).
Where does the water vapor in flue gases come from
Water molecules are contained in the fuel mass itself and are synthesized directly in the process of its combustion.
Any available household fuel is hydrocarbon in nature
During the combustion of hydrocarbon fuel, water is necessarily synthesized as a result of thermal decomposition (pyrolysis) of hydrocarbon molecules, followed by oxidation (combustion) of the resulting fuel pyrolysis products. Therefore, the gaseous products of combustion (flue gases) of hydrocarbon fuels always contain water vapor synthesized in the process of pyrolysis and combustion of the fuel substance:
CmHn + (m + n/4) O2 = mCO2 + (n/2) H2O + Q
Where, (m) and (n) are the number of carbon and hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon molecule
Hydrocarbon fuels include all organics (including wood), natural gas, oil, coal and their products.
The highest content of water vapor in the flue gases is produced by the combustion of firewood, especially raw (humidity up to 45%). The moisture contained in the pores and cavities of the wood evaporates and passes into the composition of the flue gases, adding to the synthesized water.
The lowest content of water vapor in the flue gases gives the combustion of coal. Coal practically does not contain water molecules in its mass and has a very small hydrocarbon component. The bulk of the coal composition is pure carbon (C), which does not have a fuel pyrolysis stage and burns (oxidizes) directly, without water synthesis:
C + O 2 \u003d CO 2
2C + O 2 \u003d 2CO
2CO + O 2 \u003d 2CO 2
The gaseous combustion products (flue gases) of coal contain almost no water vapor, since the coal mass contains very few hydrocarbons for water synthesis and ordinary water (H 2 O) is almost completely absent.
Water vapor condensation zone
After leaving the high-temperature combustion zone, flue gases begin to give off heat and cool. Having cooled down to the “dew point” temperature, water vapor begins to condense on the surface of the boiler heat exchanger and its chimneys. The place where the temperature of the flue gases corresponds to the "dew point" and where the condensation of water vapor begins is called the "condensation zone".
Moving the water vapor condensation zone
The condensation zone is a very mobile area that never stands still. Immediately after ignition of a cold boiler - the condensation zone is located directly in its heat exchanger or directly behind it. As the heat unit operates, the smoke exhaust system warms up and the condensation zone gradually moves along the chimney, to its edge. The movement of the condensation zone occurs the faster, the higher the flue gas temperature and the lower the heat loss for heating the next cold section of the pipe. Ultimately, the condensation zone moves to the very edge of the chimney, practically into the atmosphere. After complete heating of the internal surfaces of the smoke exhaust system, the formation of condensate directly on them stops and occurs already in the atmospheric layer. This is an “absolute zero”, because in this case, the impact of an aggressive environment (condensate) on the walls of the boiler parts and its ventilation system is completely excluded.
Mysterious "dew point"
The dew point is directly related to absolute, relative and actual humidity.
Absolute humidity- the maximum possible moisture content in the air. Absolute humidity is measured in g/m3 and depends on the air temperature. Each value of air temperature corresponds to its own value of the absolute humidity index. The lower the air temperature, the less moisture it can contain, and, accordingly, the lower the absolute humidity will be.
Actual Humidity is the actual moisture content of the air. Actual humidity is measured in g/m3, does not depend on air temperature and reflects the actual moisture content in the air.
Relative Humidity- the ratio of the content of the maximum possible (absolute) moisture to its actual content in the air. Relative humidity is measured as a percentage and shows the percentage of moisture in the air from the maximum possible. The relative humidity index never exceeds 100%, and this is an extremely unstable condition.
"Dew point"- this is the temperature of the cooled air, at which its relative humidity reaches 100% and water vapor begins to "precipitate", i.e. condense. In other words, "Dew point"- this is the temperature to which it is necessary to cool the air so that water condensate stands out from it (dew appears).
The dew point is dependent on the air temperature and the actual moisture content in it.
Dew point dependence
The dependence of the dew point can be traced by theoretically analyzing the process of cooling moist air.
(condensation of water vapor occurs in the temperature range from 0°С to 100°С)
- When cooling humid air:
absolute humidity decreases and tends to zero,
actual humidity stays the same,
relative humidity - increases and tends to its maximum (100%)At this stage, only the parameters of moist air change, but no visible changes occur.
absolute humidity decreases and tends to zero
actual humidity remains unchanged
the increase in relative humidity reaches the maximum limit (100%) and stopsThis is the dew point temperature. At this stage, the air becomes supersaturated with water vapor. Extremely unstable condition. The first particles of water vapor begin to condense in the environment.
- With further cooling of moist air:
the value of absolute humidity continues to decrease and tends to zero
the value of the actual humidity - also decreases and tends to zero
relative humidity value - remains at 100%.With further cooling of such air, the relative humidity will remain unchanged (100%), and the value of absolute and actual humidity will decrease. The decrease in actual humidity will occur due to the loss of excess moisture in the condensate. That is, once reaching the dew point temperature, the air environment will always remain in this state until it is completely dry, provided that further cooling does not stop.
Dew point table
The dew point temperature is defined as the temperature at which, when cooled, water vapor begins to condense from the air. We will experimentally compile a table of the dew point dependence on humidity and air temperature.
Table temperature dew point values (°C) for different conditions
Relative humidity % | Dry bulb temperature, °С (air temperature) | |||||||
0 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 40 | |
20 | -20 | -16 | -12 | -7 | -3 | 0 | 5 | 15 |
30 | -15 | -10 | -6 | -2 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 18 |
40 | -12 | -7 | -2 | 2 | 6 | 10 | 15 | 22 |
50 | -9 | -4 | 0 | 5 | 10 | 14 | 17 | 26 |
60 | -6 | -2 | 3 | 7 | 12 | 16 | 21 | 30 |
70 | -5 | 0 | 5 | 9 | 14 | 19 | 23 | 32 |
80 | -3 | 2 | 7 | 11 | 16 | 21 | 26 | 35 |
90 | -1 | 4 | 9 | 14 | 18 | 23 | 28 | 38 |
100 | 0 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 | 30 | 40 |
How to read this table
For example, air temperature is 10 °C, relative humidity is 30%. At the intersection of these graphs, we see the number -6. This means that if the air, the temperature of which is 10 ° C and relative humidity 30%, is cooled to a temperature of -6 ° C, then condensate will begin to separate from it. Or so - in air, the temperature of which is 10 ° C and a relative humidity of 30%, water dew will appear on any object whose surface temperature is equal to or lower than -6 ° C.
As you can see from the table, the lower the relative humidity of the air, the lower the dew point temperature is than the temperature of the air itself. As the relative humidity of the air rises (the air picks up, "absorbs" moisture into itself) - the dew point temperature approaches the temperature of the air itself and, at 100% relative humidity, the dew point actually coincides with the air temperature.
Dew point in wood boiler heat exchanger
When igniting a cold wood-burning boiler, the flue gases (combustion products) coming out of the combustion chamber have a temperature of about 500-800 ° C and a relative humidity of about 85% on average. Getting into a cold heat exchanger (20 ° C) and in contact with its cold surface, the gases are instantly cooled, the moisture capacity (maximum possible moisture content) of the air decreases and excess moisture falls in the form of dew on the surface of the heat exchanger.
How to protect yourself from condensate in the boiler and chimneys
From the foregoing, it is clear that the condensation of water vapor is a purely physical process that is inevitable when the flue gases are cooled. There can be only one protection against the formation of condensate in the boiler and chimneys:
- Do not allow combustion products to cool below the "dew point" until they are completely released into the atmosphere.
It all comes down to elementary insulation of chimneys and compliance with the thermal regime of operation of the boiler.
Compliance with the thermal mode of operation of the boiler
It has been proven by practice that if the temperature of the heat carrier return pipe is less than 40°C, condensate may appear in the heat exchanger solid fuel boiler. Thus, compliance with the thermal mode of operation of the boiler unit is reduced to the fastest possible heating of its water jacket to a temperature in the heat exchanger of 40 ° C or more, followed by maintaining it at the proper level, regardless of the temperature of the coolant in the heating system itself. Such a thermal regime is achieved through engineering solutions in the heating system using those that regulate the temperature of the coolant in the boiler return.
About bypass and three-way valve
Bypass is a pipe that directly connects the supply and return of a wood-burning boiler and forms the so-called "small circle" (see). Through the bypass, a three-way valve mixes the hot and cold coolant, maintaining the return temperature at least 40°C. It regulates the amount hot water, which should immediately go back (into a small circle), and which - further, into the heating system.
With the help of these simple devices, the hot coolant “spins” in a small circle and returns from the supply immediately back to the wood-burning boiler until the boiler cooling jacket and its heat exchanger warm up. As the boiler warms up, the three-way valve gradually blocks the flow of hot coolant into the return and directs the hot coolant into the heating system. This approach to installation allows you to quickly and without condensate start a cold wood-burning boiler, regardless of the temperature of the coolant.
Smoke extraction system drainage
It is useful to arrange drainage of the heating unit (boiler) and the smoke exhaust system (chimneys) in order to collect and remove the resulting condensate for its further disposal. Here, it is very important to maintain slopes and counter slopes for horizontal sections of chimneys, as well as the assembly order of the entire smoke exhaust system.
This is interesting (once again about the condensate)
Condensation can play a trick on the first filling heating system cold coolant. If the temperature of the heat carrier being filled in is not equal to the temperature environment, then condensation of water vapor from the air may begin directly on the parts of the boiler and heating system. An inexperienced user may mistake such water formations for the fact of depressurization of the heating system.
Owners of solid fuel boilers operating on conventional wood and wood waste suffer the most from condensate. Since, in this case, the water contained in the pores and voids of the wood itself is added to the synthesized water. Sometimes it's a lot. After all, standard wood fuel with a moisture content of 25-35% can contain from 150 to 300 grams of water in each of its kilograms! Especially a lot of water is released during the ignition and burning of firewood, when the wood is actively drying under the influence of high temperature.
For home heating, people purchase gas boilers and a chimney is built to remove the smoke.
Working system
Common problem
A big problem is the appearance of condensate in the chimney. It is liquid droplets that form on any chilled surfaces (liquid bottles, metal sheets etc.). They appear due to the condensation of steam in the air space. You can see this phenomenon with your own eyes on the walls of the kitchen and bathroom. They learned to deal with this phenomenon, and even turned it for good. But in the case of a chimney, the condensate is unpleasant side effect improper design or organization of the combustion products removal system, which, moreover, gives Negative consequences after the appearance.
Condensation on the surface is a clear liquid (water), which is easy to remove, it is harmless.
When gas boiler it is a serious threat that interferes with the normal functioning of the system, but also threatens to damage the device itself and even the failure of the gas boiler.
This effect should be avoided, and if found in the chimney, the condensate should be eliminated, as well as the causes of the appearance.
What is dangerous condensate
In the event that the operation of the gas boiler is established, the chimney is operating normally, the temperature is maintained within 150-200 degrees. At this temperature, vapors form, steam appears. However, with the normal organization of the smoke exhaust system, combustion products and the resulting steam exit the chimney. If the temperature drops, the steam remains in the system, transforming into condensate, which settles on the walls.
Acid created by condensate
It accumulates and dissolves the soot accumulated on the walls (soot, as such, appears from the first start of the gas boiler and constantly accumulates - this is a normal process and deviations are recorded in the level and rate of soot accumulation). In this case, problems arise. Soot mixed with a liquid becomes an acid with a disgusting look and smell. In addition, such a mixture slowly corrodes brickwork (or other material from which the chimney is made, but at a slightly slower rate). As a result, the chimney collapses, streaks and stains appear that spoil appearance and building aesthetics. In the future, the chimney will require a complete restoration (if the problem is not detected and eliminated in time). And the unpleasant smell of the resulting acid penetrates into the living quarters - an additional reason for the rapid elimination of condensate, as the primary source of the problem.
The formation of condensate in the chimney, its accumulation and combination with soot, the formation of acid are the consequences of improper planning, calculation and construction of the chimney. Why the calculation and planning are carried out by professionals.
Condensation
The main reason for the appearance of condensate is the combustion of fuel. It all depends on the quality of the fuel, and on the stability of combustion (interruptions in the supply of fuel lead to a negative effect). When the fuel burns evenly, without any interruptions, condensate does not form, since the chimney warms up evenly (and for its appearance, a temperature difference and a cold surface are needed).
Work mode
In the case of operating a gas boiler with a large amount of electronics (and not configured), frequent switching on and off of the device, which leads to problems. At the moment of complete cooling of the chimney, condensation forms. Why does the manufacturer indicate in the instructions about the need for long-term monitoring of the operation of his model at the first start and about the complete setting of the operating mode, if there is a programmable control unit in the gas boiler device.
In addition, the owner of the gas boiler is required to provide the device with the necessary amount of fuel, otherwise the boiler will stop working and turn off. If the user has preferred the gas boiler option, they are convinced that there are no gas interruptions, or they are rare. Otherwise, it is worth choosing a different type of fuel, or immediately purchase a boiler that can operate on several different types of fuel. In this case, in the absence of gas, the boiler runs on an alternative - for example, these are solid fuels, diesel or electricity.
In addition to the appearance of condensate, prolonged cooling of the system leads to destruction (breakthrough of pipes during severe freezing, for example).
Chimney materials and the effect of condensate on them
If you use materials that do not absorb moisture, condensation problems will not disappear. If it is formed, it does not spoil the walls of the chimney, but as it accumulates, it flows down through the pipes. As a result, at the lower point it will accumulate in large quantities and in the end, the accumulation will lead to blockage of the chimney. Up to this point (depending on the type of connection of the boiler to the chimney), it penetrates into the boiler, disrupting its operation. Condensation creates malfunctions, which leads to a breakdown of the gas boiler.
Chimney materials that do not absorb liquid
Even if the condensate does not enter the boiler, but collects at the lowest point of the chimney (usually inside the house), it will cause an unpleasant smell in the room or throughout the house.
They also indicate such a moment - the junction point of the boiler and the chimney is a weak spot, and the acid formed as a result of mixing condensate with soot will eat through this area.
For brickwork, as already mentioned, condensate will be an effective destructive factor. Brick absorbs moisture, and when saturated, it becomes less durable. If the bricks cool down, the frozen moisture does more damage. The chimney is destroyed by this negative effect during one winter period.
In addition, the appearance of condensate does not occur immediately, but after several seasons. Before the first start of the boiler after the summer, and at the end of work in the spring, the owner is recommended to inspect the chimney without fail, clean it (professionals do this work) and make sure that there is no condensate.
Chimney wall thickness
Other causes of condensation
Another reason for the rapid appearance of condensate are the walls of the chimney. Or rather, their thickness. To avoid problems in the future, the chimney in the house is built with a wall thickness of at least 120 mm. This thickness is equal to half a brick. At the same time, the outer part of the chimney is 380 mm thick, in other words, one and a half bricks.
It should be borne in mind that in the case when the walls are smaller than the specified values, the worse they retain heat and let the cold through faster. In other words, the chimney cools faster due to environmental influences than it is heated by the operation of the boiler. In this case, condensation forms, and in large quantities.
It is worth noting that the chimney (outer part) is additionally insulated. This can be done by choosing from a range of building materials.
In addition, insulation and subsequent finishing can help improve the aesthetics of the building, giving the chimney and the exterior of the house a better look.
Causes of condensation include:
- Violation of technology - starting the boiler at full power after downtime, while the chimney is unheated;
- Condensation forms when the chimney has not been cleaned for a long time (in case of poor patency, steam accumulates);
- The high temperature difference in the street and in the chimney, the poor protection of the latter from the influence of the environment leads to the appearance of moisture on the walls;
- Use of poor quality fuel. When using solid fuels - wet or wet;
- Violation in the design of the chimney.
The effect of the appearance of condensate occurs when the thrust is incorrectly calculated, or there is a problem with it.
In contact with
What is condensate? In fact, it is a liquid that settles on the walls of the chimney over time. This is because, when the exhaust gases move through the pipe, they are cooled and the steam that is part of them turns into condensate, and it settles inside the chimney. In addition, gas and condensate are mixed, resulting in the formation of acid. Its type depends on the fuel used, that is, it can be hydrochloric, sulfuric or nitrogenous.
Removing condensate will protect the chimney from destruction
Gas, and other heating appliances, except for electric ones, have the following property - the products of fuel combustion have low temperature and after some time, the steam that they contain begins to settle on the walls of the chimney. This is how condensation forms. If its insides are made of metal, then moisture will not linger on the surface for a long time and will gradually drain down. In this case, you will need a condensate trap for the chimney, into which moisture will drain, from where it can be removed.
But if the surface is made of brick, then the condensate will certainly accumulate on the porous surface of the pipe. The result of this may be the destruction of the chimney.
Causes of condensation
Stove builders call the process of condensate formation in the chimney - furnace crying, and regardless of how the chimney is assembled according to smoke or condensate. Now we need to understand why she starts crying. There are several reasons for this:
1. Use when burning, fuel with high humidity. The homeowner should know that perfectly dry firewood does not exist, in addition, some boilers provide forced humidification of the incoming fuel. Even when using purified gas or dried fuel, condensate cannot be dispensed with. Regardless of the type of flue system, condensate will always form on its walls;
2. Insufficiently high level of heating of the exhaust gases. When the temperature drops below 100 degrees, condensation occurs;
3. Draft weakened due to insufficient speed of movement of exhaust gases inside the chimney system. If the draft meets all the requirements, then there is practically no chance of condensate forming on the gas boiler pipe. If the draft is insufficient, then the formation of condensate is guaranteed;
3. The difference between the outdoor temperature and the one in the pipe. That is, if it is cool enough outside, moisture will be deposited on the outer surface.
How to get rid of moisture condensation?
There is only one answer to this question - it cannot be completely eliminated, but it is possible to reduce its concentration. To do this, you can use several methods.
1. When operating fuel appliances, it is necessary to use fuel dried to a certain level of humidity. To do this, in boilers running on gas or diesel fuel, special filters are installed that prevent moisture from entering the fuel. When using firewood or coal, it makes sense to carry out drying procedures or vice versa moisturizing;
2. During the construction of the chimney system, it will be necessary to insulate the structure. This will move the point of condensation. Besides, thermal insulation will not allow the pipe to cool quickly, since contact between the external environment and its surface will be minimized;
3. Cleaning the pipe from soot and deposits. This will lead to the free movement of combustion waste, the thrust will be restored to the required level;
4. Installing a device called a deflector on the pipe head. It will protect the pipe from rain falling into it and increase traction;
5. Installation of a condensate collector for the chimney in places where excess moisture accumulates.
If the homeowner follows these simple rules when building and operating a chimney for a condensing gas boiler or any other model, then the life of this device will be extended.
Preventive measures
We will talk about how to get rid of condensate in the ventilation pipe below. Preventive measures must be taken at the design stage of the flue system. Namely, it is necessary to provide for the following measures, the use of which will reduce the likelihood of destruction of the chimney from the action of aggressive substances formed during the movement of fuel combustion waste inside it. Such measures include:
- provide for the installation of a pipe made of corrosive steel inside a brick chimney (sleeve). This will reduce the aerodynamic resistance and prevent the destruction of the structure from the effects of condensate;
- collect the chimney for condensate;
- provide for the possibility of arranging thermal insulation;
- provide for sealing of the joints of the sleeves;
- provide for the possibility of installing a condensate trap.
Important! Having installed a stainless steel sleeve inside a brick chimney, one must be prepared for the draft to decrease. When working on sealing joints, it is necessary to carefully choose a sealant, since some brands “stone” and crack as they are used.
Steam trap - some features
Smoke exhaust systems that are mounted in modern suburban buildings are quite complex engineering and technical structures. The efficiency of the chimney as a whole depends on the quality of the materials used in the construction, compliance with technological rules and instructions. That is, if the necessary traction is provided, the internal cavities of the pipe do not have obvious obstacles, then such a design can last for more than a dozen years with the maximum efficiency of boiler equipment.
If mistakes are made during the assembly of the structure, then you can be sure that combustion products will enter the room. In addition, these errors can lead to a fire in the building.
Based on the above, we can conclude that one of the main problems of chimney systems is the formation of condensate containing chemically aggressive substances (sulfuric, hydrochloric and nitric acids).
To reduce this impact and increase the efficiency of the system as a whole, it makes sense to purchase and install a steam trap. There are several versions of this device. As a rule, a corrosion-resistant steel alloy is used for the manufacture of this part. The thickness of the metal lies in the range from 0.5 to 0.8 mm.
But in recent times These devices made of heat-resistant ceramics began to appear on the market.
In its shape, it resembles an inverted watering can, the spout of which is directed downwards. It is through it that the accumulated condensate is drained. The accumulated condensate is discharged without any steam bleed. This reduces the likelihood of occurrence of such a phenomenon as water hammer.
The steam trap is classified as a phase separation valve. It is intended for automatic separation of steam and waste gases. By the way, this fitting includes air vents and oil separators. As a rule, they are installed at the outlet of thermal appliances. When assembling the chimney inside the house, it can be installed immediately after heater. In particular, one of the places for its installation is a tee.
When constructing a chimney outside the house, along the wall, this part is installed after leaving the wall. The use of this device allows you to more rationally use the resulting heat and, as a result, increase the efficiency of the heater.
This device implies that it will be installed at the base of each vertical run of the chimney. The design of the condensate collector has grooves through which moisture flows into the sump.
Condensate in chimney is a phenomenon that sooner or later leads to irreparable consequences. But if the homeowner takes all measures to minimize the amount of condensate on the chimney pipe at the stage of designing and building the furnace, then he will not only ensure the maximum fire safety of the building, but will save on future alteration of the chimney system.
- Chelyabinsk manufacturer can be trusted 100% - the company is invited to collective stands Chelyabinsk region to participate in major international exhibitions, the company invests in the development of production (in 2016, the Japanese KUKA robotic welding complex was launched), the company employs specialists who love their job.
- START- this is real very durable boilers(steel 6 mm thick), and retain their characteristics throughout the entire service life. Pay attention to the weight of the boiler.
- Highly efficient heat removal heat (maximum efficiency). This is not just a firebox with a pipe into which heat flies out ( your money), but a multi-pass heat exchanger that transfers heat to the heating system.
- Only reliable technical information (we are bad at storytelling) - boiler power and burning time are guaranteed real numbers, and in ideal conditions the power of boilers can be even higher. And at the same time, there are no pitfalls - there are no blocked automation settings or warranty withdrawals during self-assembly.
- Attractive price for a boiler of European quality.
How justified is the price of the boiler?
A quality boiler is never cheap. Only very highly qualified welders and locksmiths are allowed to manufacture START boilers. Many welders have been working for over 15 years and value their work. Each weld is of very high quality and carefully checked.
The seams of the combustion chamber of the chamber are always welded on both sides for maximum reliability, and for welding the outer seams, a KUKA welding robot is used, which ensures a perfect, even seam due to the fact that it is inherently a ROBOT and due to drip mode welding arc with deep welding.
We do not apply no cheap parts , gearbox - the best German, engine - high-quality Spanish, fan - a leading manufacturer from Poland, metal - 6mm thick MMK (Russia), iron casting - very high-quality Russian (indistinguishable from Finnish casting), even sealing cords are used not cheap fiberglass, but very high-quality high-temperature mulite-silica.
Which boiler to choose - automatic or semi-automatic?
ordinary |
semi-automatic |
full automatic |
from 80 to 200 sq.m mechanical temperature controller burning time up to 4-5 hours (firewood) up to 12 hours (coal) |
from 80 to 1000 sq.m electronic control + blower burning time up to 6-10 hours (firewood) up to 30 hours (coal) |
from 80 to 1000 sq.m automatic fuel supply, LCD screen burning time up to 8.5 days (pellets) |
What will be the guarantees?
We give an honest guarantee for the boiler, including electronics - 2 years. However, the service life of the boilers is 15 years. Unlike imported boilers, we always have any components and in sufficient quantities. Also, you can always get a free telephone consultation on setting up the boiler, heating system or boiler operation.
Do you want more guarantees? - many customers using START boilers are ready to talk about their experience in its operation, we can provide you with their contacts so that you can get the most reliable information, so to speak, "firsthand" and also see the boiler in action .
A house without heating is just building materials.
And a good boiler is life, success, business.