School grounds project. Features of landscaping the school territory
PROJECT
landscaping and landscaping school grounds
My small home
Over the past few years, activities have been launched in our country to create and implement various social projects. This is done not only by the authorities, but also by public organizations and individuals.
One of these projects is the improvement of the school territory "My small homeland", created in our school by the students themselves and their teachers. A creative approach to the idea is the most important aspect in such a project, therefore, when creating it, students and teachers showed all their invention, imagination and originality of thinking. Work on such a project affected not only the school building itself, but also the territory adjacent to it (sports ground, school yard, paths, school flower beds). In the process of working on the project, we realized that the improvement of the school territory is necessary both to create an attractive appearance and to maintain the reputation of the educational institution.
The main goal of the project for the improvement of our school territory is the division of the site into certain zones and the creation of certain boundaries. Visually, this became noticeable, because we gave them shape with the help of design solutions. For example, we divided the school annex and the educational and experimental site with the help of a curb and granotsow path.
Now there are many benches in the school yard, its territory is decorated with beautiful flower beds. And on one of the zones there is an ecological path with many types of medicinal plants.
The playground is an important part of the school grounds where students spend a lot of time. Therefore, the compact placement of all objects on it (treadmills, volleyball or basketball courts, wall bars) is a very important and necessary element in landscaping. In the plans for the implementation of this project, we have to improve the sports ground, create play areas on the territory of the school, which are a place of recreation and entertainment. In such areas, it is planned to install gazebos, slides, labyrinths.
Professionally performed work on the implementation of this project will lead to the fact that the school will become a modern and attractive educational institution. Taking care of the school territory requires constant attention and accuracy, so the school staff will make every effort to preserve all the beauty that they created themselves.
Selection and justification of the project topic
The territory of our school is vast and diverse. In addition to the school building, the building of the school gas boiler house, a warehouse, and a water heater are located here. The school grounds are adjacent to the school. In the kindergarten "Tulip" from the end there is a school canteen. Therefore, the zoning of the territory and the delimitation of zones, the improvement of these zones becomes especially relevant. The facade of the school overlooks the site.
The landscaping and landscaping campaign traditionally takes place at the school every year in four stages. It involves students in grades 1-9.
The first stage - February-March:
* students develop projects for the improvement of the school territory,
landscaping and rational use of the school grounds;
* student projects are defended.
The second stage - April-May:
* preparation of planting material - seeds of vegetables and flowers;
* growing seedlings;
* preparation of inventory;
*spring tillage;
* work on the improvement of the school territory and the area adjacent to it,
fence repair; pruning shrubs;
*spring planting (implementation of projects);
* laying experiments.
The third stage - June-August:
* care for plantings in the school area: watering, weeding;
*experimental work;
*systematic harvesting and its implementation.
The fourth stage - September-October:
* harvesting and its implementation; seed collection;
* autumn tillage;
* autumn planting of bulbous;
* summarizing the experimental work, preparing reports;
* Harvest Festival, an exhibition of gifts of nature, flowers, handicrafts from natural materials
rial; Winner's reward ceremony.
Goals and objectives of the project:
creation of an aesthetically and environmentally attractive space near the school;
the most rational use of the school territory in the educational process and economic activities of the school;
improvement of the ecological situation in the school and on the territory adjacent to it due to green spaces and flowers;
education of diligence, love for one's school, respect for nature;
development of research activities of schoolchildren;
development of creative abilities of students;
formation of healthy lifestyle habits.
Every year the school prepares for a new academic year. In the summer of 2010, a partial improvement of the courtyard area of the school was completed, a gazebo was built, and partly a playground.
In 2010 - 11 academic years. It is planned to allocate several zones for the year:
1st zone- game
* aesthetic design of the school yard.
* a playground for schoolchildren to play volleyball, basketball.
2nd zone - flower corner(school yard);
3rd zone– green zone (the end of the school near the kindergarten "Tulip");
4th zone – educational and experienced(school area).
Sketch No. 1 Playroom "Landscaping and landscaping of the zone"
This site is located from the main entrance to the school. Along the perimeter of the site, old trees and shrubs were culled and cut down.
In 2010, it is planned here:
1. Arrangement of the playing area: sports ground and playground.
(Installation of basketball backboards, football goals, volleyball net posts, painting of the fence separating the playing area from the training and experimental area.)
2.Construction of small forms: gazebos, alpine slides. 3. Planting shrubs and trees along the perimeter of the school along the fence (instead of those culled).
Expected results:
1.Improvement of the ecological situation in the school and in the territories adjacent to it.
2. There will be an opportunity to conduct physical education lessons at your own sports ground.
3. Conditions will be created for students to play and relax.
For the implementation of this part of the project, planting material will be required:
trees: maples (ash-trees, lindens) - 10 pieces;
ornamental shrubs: Japanese spirea or stone-leaved, mock orange, snowberry (rosehip) - 50 pcs.
Design solution for the design of the gazebo.
The gazebo is a romantic place to relax on the site. The atmosphere reigning in it can be transformed in an amazing way. In the circle of friends here is fun and noisy. In solitude, with a book - quietly and calmly. The gazebo is one of the most popular buildings on the site. It is pleasant to hide from the sun on a hot day, hide from the rain, enjoy the special, lyrical mood of nature. The gazebo is a place for children to play. And on our school site there is a place where you can install a gazebo. So several solutions were proposed, and we chose the most optimal, not expensive project. "Green" gazebo, woven from willow trunks. A beautiful panorama will open from the gazebo, and it will look advantageous, it will attract attention.
The gazebo becomes the main decorative and most functional element on the site.
Fence painting.
Sketch No. 2 Flower corner "Beautification of the zone"
The courtyard part of the school territory has an area of more than 100 sq.m. To create coziness and improve the environmental situation in the school, zones with annual and perennial bright flowers will be arranged along the perimeter of the back of the building.
Expected results:
1. The sanitary and hygienic situation at the school and in the surrounding area will improve. The aesthetic appearance of the school yard will improve.
2. There will be an opportunity to conduct classes on the study of fauna and flora at biology lessons.
To complete this part of the project, planting and sowing material will be required:
pansies(viola) - 4 packages;
host - 1 package;
aster (undersized varieties "Baby", "Dwarf Royal") - 5 packages;
marigolds (undersized terry and non-terry varieties) - 5 packages;
Chinese cloves, Turkish cloves - 2 packets;
calendula (undersized varieties) - 4 packets;
nasturtium - 5 packages;
primrose (primrose) - 2 packets.
Sketch No. 3 "Landscaping and landscaping - green zone"
The green zone at the end of the school is a place of rest and games for children not only from our school, but also from nearby streets. The poplars near the school on the side of the Tulip kindergarten were planted many years ago, they have lost their aesthetic appearance, lost their attractiveness, they shade the school windows, as a result of which the light regime in the classrooms is disturbed. Therefore, we cut down some of them, and in spring and autumn of 2010-2011 we plan to plant ornamental shrubs in their place. A view of the school building will open, and the sanitary and hygienic situation in the classrooms will improve.
Expected results of the project:
1. Creation of the most favorable sanitary and hygienic conditions for education, games and recreation of children.
2. Improving the aesthetic appearance of the school grounds.
3. The use of shrubs and trees of the green zone as visual material for studying the flora of the native land.
4. Elimination of the focus heightened danger for the life and health of students.
To implement the project, you need:
decorative trees:
lindens, maples - 15 pieces;
coniferous (pine, larch) -5 pieces;
ornamental shrubs:
snowberry - 20 pieces;
spirea - 20 pieces;
rosehip - 10 pieces;
mock orange - 5 pieces.
Sketch No. 4 "Landscaping and landscaping of the zone - the school site"
The school educational and experimental site is the material base for teaching biology. It makes it possible to establish a connection between theory and practice and is intended for conducting theoretical and practical classes, organizing socially useful and productive labor, experimental, environmental work, and environmental education of students.
The educational and experimental site of the school with an area of 19 acres is a plot open ground divided into eight sectors. Each sector corresponds to a specific department: field, collection, flower and decorative, fruit and berry, vegetable, systematic, arboretum and elementary school department.
We plan to plant additional fruit trees and shrubs, lay out new flower beds and flower beds.
In 2010-11 it is planned:
1. Fence repair.
2. Development of abandoned and previously unused lands.
3. Re-planning of the site.
4. Establishment of a small production department for growing vegetables for the school canteen.
5. Planting additional trees and shrubs in the dendrological department, fruit trees and berry bushes.
6. Breakdown of flower beds, flower garden-pharmacy.
Expected results:
1. It will be possible to use large areas for organizing departments of the school site.
2. The most rational use of the area of the site.
3. The ecological situation and the sanitary and hygienic condition of the school territory will improve.
4. It will be possible to use flora as a visual material in educational and extracurricular activities.
5. Flower beds and ornamental shrubs from early spring to late autumn will delight the eye.
6. Protection of health and life of students.
To complete this part of the project, you will need:
for a flower garden-pharmacy: wild rose - 10 pcs.
badan -1 pack.
elecampane -1 pack.
young - 5 outlets
hyssop -2 pack.
yarrow-1 pack.
for super flower bed, mixborders:
Japanese quince - 5 pcs.
panicled phlox - 2 pack.
rudbeckia - 2 pack.
aquilegia -2 pack.
astilba - 1 pack.
Canadian goldenrod - 1 pack.
bought - 2 pack.
garden chamomile - 2 pack.
young - 5 outlets
nasturtium - 2 pack.
calendula - 7 pack.
balsam - 2 pack.
fragrant tobacco - 2 pack.
mattiola - 5 pack.
alyssum - 3 pack.
daisies - 3 pack.
morning glory - 4 pack.
decorative sunflower - 2 pack.
dendrological department:
larch - 5 pcs.
Flowers have been decorating human life for a long time, captivating him with their beauty and aroma. Communication with flowers always ennobles a person, teaches him to understand and appreciate beauty. Love for flowers, instilled from childhood, remains for life. The use of flowers in landscaping and landscape design is a real art. It has existed since ancient times, and it has developed its own forms and laws. According to these laws, gardens, parks, squares are created.
landscaping- a complex of interrelated works on the aesthetic and environmental improvement of places of recreation and human life.
Landscaping is the most commonly used and equally misunderstood term. The complex of works hidden under the term landscaping includes a huge list of ongoing, and often simply necessary, activities aimed at giving the original landscape a logically and aesthetically complete form.
Here is a non-exhaustive list of activities that you need to pay attention to when carrying out work on landscaping areas:
- Territory planning
- Development and arrangement of the drainage system
- Soil composition and measures to improve it
- Irrigation system
Landscaping of the school territory first of all, it should serve the purposes of aesthetic education of students. Lawns, flower beds with flower plants should be located in front of the school building, in the foreground of the school site, along the main paths, near the green classroom.
For the correct use and placement of ornamental plants, first of all, you need to constantly remember about the features of the site - its moisture content and illumination. When selecting plants for flowers, it is necessary to take into account their height, the structure of the shoots, the color of the leaves, the color and size of the flowers.
Plants should be in harmony with the environment - the building, the path around which they will grow.
The layout of flowers can be regular and landscape.
The flower beds of a regular composition include:
- flowerbeds
- Rabatki
- borders
- Tapeworms
- landscape compositions:
- Mixborders
- Groups
- Arrays
- rocky areas
All these compositions should be placed in front of the building, in the foreground of the site, along the main paths, near the green class.
Flowerbeds. These are small flower beds of various geometric shapes. They can be round, oval, square, triangular or polygonal.
They arrange flower beds on a lawn, paved or any other hard surface area. Flower beds are made in front of the building, in the squares near the monuments. The surface of the flower beds is usually made flat, flush with the lawn, or slightly raised in the center so that water does not stagnate there. Small flower beds are more often flat, large ones, more than 5m2, are somewhat raised towards the center.
More often, flower beds are decorated with annual flowering and decorative leafy plants, although such biennials and perennials can be used. The pattern of the arrangement of plants in small flower beds is usually simple, they are usually planted with 1 - 3 species or varieties of the same plant species. In flower beds of large sizes, plants are planted according to a pattern, which can sometimes be complex and is made up of a large set of species and varieties.
Rabatki
This is the name of flower beds, which are relatively narrow strips of flowers. Their width is usually from 40 - 50 to 150 cm, the length is arbitrary, the surface is even and only occasionally, only on wide borders, it is made slightly convex in the center in order to avoid stagnant water. Rabatki are unilateral and bilateral, asymmetric and symmetrical. In one-sided ridges, low plants are in the foreground, and tall plants are in the background.
In double-sided borders, behind taller plants in the center in the background, the same undersized plants as in the foreground should be placed. It is recommended to plant plants with flowers of the following colors on bilateral borders: white and red (pink, blue-blue), blue and yellow, blue and orange, purple and yellow, orange and purple. One-sided ridges are placed along the walls of buildings, along fences, sometimes along paths; bilateral on school sites and on the territory of kindergartens. In narrow and long ridges, numerous varieties of calendula (marigolds) look beautiful with yellow and orange flowers in inflorescences - baskets.
borders
These are narrow continuous strips from 10 to 40 cm wide, bordering lawns, flowerbeds, flower beds, platforms or individual details of the flower garden. The border is made up of one type of undersized plants. Plants are selected compact so that the strip looks neat. For such plantings, large plants with a beautiful bush shape are suitable, with beautiful leaves, or with large flowers or inflorescences, for example, amaranth, castor bean, spurge or measure.
Partners
These are complex flower beds, including lawns, flower beds, ridges, borders, as well as fountains, sculptures, and a pool in the composition.
Walkways are provided in large stalls. The length of the parterre can be equal to the length of a building, for example, a school, and the width is 3-4 times less. One of the most important parts of the parterre, as a rule, are carpet flower beds made of short and dwarf summer plants. Begonia varieties with white, pink and red flowers and green or purple leaves are especially suitable for this purpose. Very decorative low-growing varieties of ageratum with blue, blue, white and pink flowers. In the front flower beds, flowerbeds and flowerbeds of dwarf aster, undersized marigolds, begonias, and fire salvia are very elegant.
Mixborders, or mixed borders
These are mixed plantings of beautifully flowering and decorative - deciduous plants. They are placed in groups in several rows on an elongated strip of land in the form of a rabatka with fuzzy contours. An indispensable condition for creating a mixborder is the continuous flowering of one or the other of its sections from early spring to frost.
Most often, mixborders look like a picturesque strip of regular or irregular shape. Its width ranges from 1.5 to 4 m. They break the mixborder along the path, hedge, building wall or freely growing shrubs. Mixborders are most often planted sequentially flowering plants. Bulbous and bulbous perennials bloom in spring, then they are replaced by perennials or flowering plants in pots.
Groups
This is the name of the planting of free, picturesque outlines, consisting of several specimens of plants. In large groups there can be up to a hundred plants on an area from 3 - 5 m2 to 40 - 50 m2. Groups can decorate the lawn, they are very beautiful in combination with sculptures, fountains, decorative stones. A group can have plants of only one species or variety, then it looks like a single colorful spot. For such groups, astilba, aster, marigolds, peony, phlox, chrysanthemum are very good. It is much more difficult to create a group of several species or varieties. In this case, you need to take into account their height, flowering time, color. Combinations can be very diverse. However, no more than five plant species should be used in a group.
Bands and Solitaires
Under group and single (tapeworms) plantings, they mean, mainly, plantings for the most part from tall, both flowering and decorative - deciduous plants. In this case, perennial plants are of great practical importance, although annual plants are also widely used for this purpose.
The following plants are suitable for the formation of groups: aconite, bocconia, dahlias, delphinium, cannes, lupine, mallow, poppy, peon, peretrum (chamomile), rhubarb, tobacco, etc. Good groups of perennials that differ in shape and color, for example: irises , bordered by primroses, red geyhers - snow-white bells, blue delphiniums - bright red phlox, yellow rudbeckia - purple asters.
When creating one or another form of flower plantings, the correct selection of plants is of great importance. At the same time, in addition to knowledge of biological characteristics and agricultural technology of plants, one must also have an artistic taste.
Arrays- these are flower beds with an area of 500 - 1000 m2 or more, which are created in large glades and edges of groves, at some distance from the roads. With their device, perennials are usually used.
Rockery, or rocky garden
Rocky gardens can be placed in areas that are not very suitable for other types of flower beds, such as slopes, slopes, terraces, stairs. Rockery can be quite small, 1 - 3 m2.
In order to create this unusual flower garden, you need to stock up on stones or flagstone of a beautiful shape, color, sizes can be different - from small pebbles to solid blocks or boulders. Stones and tiles are placed on the site, trying to create a beautiful composition, including paths paved with these stones, so as not to disturb the plants when you need to walk through the rockery.
In stony gardens, perennials are planted mainly, stunted and medium in height, and only occasionally, like tapeworms, tall. On the southern slopes or terraces, light-loving and drought-resistant plants are preferred, on the northern and northwestern slopes - shade-tolerant and relatively moisture-loving.
Bulbous or bulbous plants are often grown in rockeries so that flowering begins in the earliest spring. Then some of them can be replaced with flyers. If desired, you can make a decorative slide in the garden. To do this, fill a mound and strengthen its slopes with limestone, laying out small terraces. Various perennial plants are planted on the terraces. This work will require a lot of effort and time, but the slide looks even more beautiful than rockeries on a flat surface.
Few plants are needed to create a rocky garden. An overloaded rockery is not so interesting, since stones are not visible under the plants, but they serve essential elements ornaments of this flower garden.
Water
First, using a cord, a watering hose or just a trickle of sand, a contour of a reservoir is applied to the surface of the earth, the outlines of which can be chosen to your liking. After that, they dig a pit and form zones where aquatic vegetation will later be located. It is necessary to remove all sharp objects from the surface of the pit - stones, remnants of roots, etc., in order to protect the film from possible damage. Then, a layer of sand 5 cm thick is poured on to the pit. For additional safety, the sand is covered with burlap or some kind of non-woven material. Now the film is laid, pressing it tightly against all the bends of the pit, and poured with water to the level of the wetland. In this case, the wrinkles remaining on the film can be straightened. Since this can straighten the wrinkles remaining on the film. Since the elastic coating will still sag under the weight of water for some time, the design of the banks can be postponed for a day or two.
The main rule when gardening a small pond is a careful selection of plants. About fast-growing species, such as, for example, reeds, cattails, long-leaved ranunculus (Ranunculus lingua), will have to be, otherwise within a couple of years they will literally fill the entire reservoir.
An assortment of low growing plants for different depth wide enough: plantain chastuha (Alisma plantagoaquatica), river gravel
(Geum rivale), water mint (Lysimachia nummularia), marsh forget-me-not (Myosotis palustris). Calamus calamus (Acorus calamus) feels good at a depth of 10-40 cm. The deepest places in the reservoir belong to water lilies (Nymphaea). Among them, you should also choose only dwarf, slow-growing species and varieties, for example, fragrant water lily (Nymphaea odorata) or snow water lily (N. candida), which are planted to a depth of 50 cm.
rock garden
The rock garden must be placed so that it organically fits into its environment. For rock gardens, as a rule, they choose a sunny place with sufficiently aerated soil in a site that is clearly visible from a short distance. If possible, try to arrange the rock garden so that it faces east or southeast. In these expositions, it is possible to create conditions that are most typical for the habitats of most mountain plants. In southern exposures, conditions will be favorable for a limited number of plants that tolerate direct Sun rays. The slopes of the northern direction are less suitable for rock garden, for which careful selection of plants is necessary.
A well-trimmed lawn can be a good frame for a rock garden, on which two or three large stones and some discreet plant, coniferous or deciduous tree or tall herbaceous plant are usually placed. It is also important to create an appropriate background, say, a wall of dark green coniferous trees. The most spectacular rock garden is built on a slope, however, even on level ground it is quite possible to create a spectacular garden. Finally, if there is no natural mound, one can be made by bringing earth or by digging a sloping depression. A combination of these methods is also possible: it should be borne in mind that even without a mound, a rock garden can look natural.
Material for rock garden
Having chosen a place for a rock garden, it is necessary to prepare the appropriate materials for its equipment - stones, gravel, crushed stone, sand, peat, earth.
Usually, local rock types are used, choosing mossy stones to make the garden look natural. One breed is enough not to turn the rock garden into a geological exhibition. In a large rock garden, or rock garden, as it is also called, equipped with granite and gneiss, you can arrange a separate area using limestone tuff - travertine. Mixing it with another breed in the same area is not recommended. The tuff is porous, it gives an alkaline pH reaction, at which saxifrages grow and develop well - one of the most beautiful alpines, as well as various types of edryanthus. Sandstone is also porous, it retains water for a long time and is itself able to take it from the soil. In addition, it can give not only an alkaline, but also an acidic reaction. It depends on the content of minerals in it. However, it is very difficult to arrange a rock garden from tufa or sandstone.
Crushed stone - limestone, granite, gneiss, etc., is necessary for drainage, wrapping the necks of some plants in order to protect them from waterlogging, and also to create rock scree.
In the construction of the rock garden, sand is used, preferably river sand: it is washed, it does not contain silt impurities. It is added to dense silty soil to loosen it. Sand is also needed for plants that require sandy soil (for example, grains).
The main type of land for rock garden is turf and humus. Peat and sand are used as additives. Plants are planted in turf, after mixing it with a certain amount of additives in accordance with the requirements of plants. For example, rhododendron requires a lot of peat and coarse pine bedding, venus slippers require beech leaf compost, and gentian requires crushed peat. But all this does not mean that alpine plants are so demanding that fertilizers are applied to the ground. By nature, they are very modest, and it is better not to do this. There are, however, exceptions - plants that are helped by dry cow dung or its solution, but artificial fertilizers are used extremely rarely and very carefully. They feed only bulbous and tuberous plants to strengthen their underground organs capable of flowering. Construction of a rock garden. It begins with the planning and layout of the site. Then it is cleared, the sod is removed and weeded to remove all weeds. After clearing, a layer of construction waste, slag or gravel is applied. It turns out a water-permeable layer that does not allow water to linger - after all, most mountain plants do not tolerate the constant presence of moisture. If the soil in the garden is silty, dense, and water stagnates on it, then the drainage layer should be thicker, at least half a meter. This layer is created by backfilling with garden soil without fertilizers, best of all with turf compost with the addition of sand, peat and humus. Over-enriching the land leads to exactly the opposite results: plants grow too tall, form loose thickets, or do not appear at all. Most alpine plants are ascetics, as Nature has created them.
Getting to the device of a large rock garden, it is necessary to pre-mark the paths, steps, transitions. The relief should be modeled on the model of a natural landscape, which means that it is necessary to mark “valleys”, “plateaus”, “tops” and “cliffs”, create zones of different illumination: a zone of full illumination, a zone with a slope away from the sun , shadow. Such conditions dictate the requirements of plants, their ecology.
Flower decoration of sites near the monument and school sites.
If this is a monument to a warrior or a hero, then you should choose bright, fiery, solemn flowers. These are salvias, red begonias, red tulips and phloxes.
The shape of the flower garden will depend on where the monument is installed. If it stands on a stone platform and there is no free land around, you can put one or more boxes or containers next to it and arrange flowers in them. If there is land near the monument, you can set up a flower garden. It can be a flower bed, in the center of which there will be a monument. The monument may not be in the center, but at the base of the flower bed. The shape of the flower bed should be in harmony with the sculpture. Instead of a flower bed, you can plant a green lawn and plant a beautiful flower bed of 2 - 3 types of flowers along its edge. And you can - only a border from one type. Both annuals and perennials are suitable here.
Another task is to arrange a school site. Many schools, especially rural ones, have a large plot area, often containing an orchard and a vegetable garden. In cities, the sites are often small. To decorate school yards, it is more convenient to break rabatki. Rabatki are located near the school building, along the road leading to the building. If the school yard is paved, boxes and containers with flowers have to be used. On school plots, the assortment of plants must be selected so that flowering begins already in early spring (crocuses, muscari, narcissus, blueberries). There should also be many annuals on the school site, especially long-blooming and late ones. These are aster, marigolds, dimorphoteka, petunia, Drummond's phlox, annual chrysanthemums and many other species. Then in September, after the holidays, the school yard will be in full bloom.
If the school plot is large and there is a lot of land, you can make flower beds, flower parterres, and build rockeries. The lawn can be decorated with a single large stone of a beautiful shape, next to which a fern or a small group of flowers is planted.
Bulbs are very good in the garden, they are placed in groups between low perennials or along the edge of the lawn. In the spring, letniki are sown between them: Iberis, calendula, escholcia. They gradually grow up and cover the dying bulbs with their foliage.
Along the roads along the edge of the lawn, it is desirable to break up separate summer beds.
Flower ridges can also be beautifully decorated with experimental plots where young naturalists study vegetable or grain plants.
Selection of plants by height
If there is no monument or other architectural structure in the flower bed, then a tall, spectacular plant (agave, palm tree, etc.) is planted, plants of lower height are placed to the periphery and the edges of the flower bed are completed with the shortest ones.
Such flower beds, not even poured, but only convex, look very decorative.
To design the foreground of the object, plants are selected that are undersized, with a not very bright color, and for planting medium and further plans, larger, intensely colored plants are used.
Selection of plants by flowering time
When solving this issue, they tend to use plants with an earlier onset of flowering and a longer flowering period. The assortment, if possible, is selected in such a way that two weeks after planting the plants in flower beds or in other forms of flower planting, they will bloom.
Plants that quickly lose their decorative effect after flowering are planted in small groups closer to shrubs or between species that bloom after them.
Selection of plants by color of flowers or leaves
Coloring flowers or leaves different types and varieties are diverse, not to mention the change of color throughout the year - in spring, summer, autumn. The color combination is selected so that it is the most beautiful.
When choosing colors by color, you can be guided by the following laws:
LAW OF CONTRAST COLOR. Sunlight passing through a prism is decomposed into primary colors: red - orange - yellow - green - blue - violet.
The most beautiful combinations: red with green, orange with blue, yellow with purple. This corresponds to the law of color contrasts. At the same time, it is believed that red, orange is the warmest, the hottest. It is very attractive and attracts attention, creates a feeling of warmth. Green, blue, purple - colors are passive, cold, of which blue is the coldest. These tones give the flower garden severity. To soften the very abrupt transition, plants of neutral tones are sometimes planted between contrasting troupes.
All dark colors (dark red, dark blue, dark purple) are placed closer to the audience, because in the distance they disappear, get lost, go unnoticed.
With a huge variety of plants, there are a lot of shades, and various deviations from the classic combinations are possible, but when creating a flower garden, you should, if possible, be guided by the indicated patterns.
THE LAW OF HARMONY OF COLOR. This law means a gradual increase or decrease in the intensity of the color of a particular tone. Guided by these laws, it is possible to use any color scheme when planting plants in a flower bed or on the entire flower garden, but with its different intensity. If the color intensity increases from the edge to the middle of the flower bed, for example, from light pink, to pink, light red, bright red in the center, then the flower bed looks more colorful than when the color intensity decreases.
VALUE OF NEUTRAL COLORS. Neutral colors are white and black. They are of great use. However, plants with black color in nature practically do not exist (viola, coleus have almost black color), and there are a lot of white plants.
White and other light colors are clearly visible from a distance, they are usually very smart. They are often used to soften harsh combinations. White color smooths out the dissonance of colors, destroys disharmony. The combination of red and purple is perceived hard, it seems rude, and if you separate it from white, it softens significantly. White color smoothes, softens the contrast or hue, and black enhances, emphasizes the brightness of the color.
Literature.
Decorative landscaping of the school territory: Guidelines. Belgorod, 2003 - 20 p.
Directory of a florist (floral and ornamental plants of open ground) / I. E. Botyanovsky, E. A. Burova and others /; Ed. A. T. Fedoruk. - Minsk.: Urajay, 1985. - 208 p., ill., 16 p. Il.
Kudryavets D. B., Petrenko N. A. How to grow flowers: Book. For students. - M.: Enlightenment, 1993. - 176 p.: ill.
Magazine "My beautiful garden" No. 6, 2002.
Project activities at school
"Improvement of the school territory: "Glade of tourists""
Project Description
A brief introduction to the basics landscape design, drafting a sketch of a future project, acquiring the necessary materials, making furniture for a recreation area and decorating a site with decorative elements, painting decorative elements, preparing the ground for flowers and plants, sowing seeds of annual plants in decorative flower beds.
The target audience: Students in grades 5-7
Project implementation time: May-June
Target: aesthetic design of the school site.
Tasks:
Develop and implement a plan for the improvement of the territory of the school yard;
to instill in students a love for nature, for their native land, for the Motherland;
aesthetic design of the school site;
to develop practical skills of constructive and creative work;
to instill a sense of an active position on the transformation and creative creation of the surrounding reality;
theoretical and practical training of students in the design and decoration of the landscape.
Expected results
1. Team building of children in a common cause;
Rationale for the relevance of the project
It is not easy to teach a person to think not only about himself, but also about the world around him, especially this problem is relevant for teenagers. Conservation and protection of nature allows teenagers to feel their importance, maturity, to feel their ability to do important, useful things, to really see the results of their activities, to bring joy to others, to create something beautiful.
The school is our common home, which we love and want to see beautiful not only from the inside, but also from the outside.
Brief annotation: The priority of environmental education today is recognized by the entire world community. Therefore, at present, people have begun to pay more and more attention to the condition of the territories adjacent to their home, place of work, educational institutions and other objects of social importance. And many of these areas often require significant improvement.
Practical significance:
Involving the public in the significance of the project;
Improvement of the surrounding landscape of the school yard;
Aesthetic correspondence between the school and the created cultural landscape.
Materials and resources required for the project
Technologies - Equipment Camera.
Printed materials Handbooks, encyclopedias, publications in journals
Other accessories Shovels, stretcher, buckets, axe, saw, drill, grinder
Internet resources Wikipedia Internet encyclopedia wikipedia.org
Description of costs Paints, brushes, flower seeds
Social partners MKOU Glukhovskaya secondary school, Glukhovsky information center, Glukhovskaya rural administration, Voskresenskoye district forestry.
The estimated cost of the project is 1160 rubles.
Relevance of the problem
It is not easy to teach a person to think not only about himself, but also about the world around him, especially this problem is relevant for adolescents. Conservation and protection of nature allows teenagers to feel their importance, maturity, to feel their ability to do important, useful things, to really see the results of their activities, to bring joy to others, to create something beautiful.
The school is our common home, which we love and want to see beautiful not only from the inside, but also from the outside.
The priority of environmental education today is recognized by the entire world community. Therefore, at present, people have begun to pay more and more attention to the state of the territories adjacent to their home, place of work, educational institutions and other objects of social significance. And many of these areas often require significant improvement.
There is less and less wildlife around us. There are more and more dead asphalt, smoking cars in the cities, people go far from the city to listen to wildlife, to see how flowers bloom. It is unlikely that we think at the same time that we are within the boundaries of a certain natural system. But to save a corner of wildlife is in our hands. Currently, much attention is paid to the environmental education of the younger generation, and it is impossible without vigorous activity in nature. Therefore, a project was created in our school to improve the territory of the school yard, and to teach landscape design skills. AT recent times landscape design of the site or landscape design and gardening of the territory is becoming more and more relevant. What does the phrase "landscaping" mean? If we use scientific terminology, then landscape design is a type of activity that is aimed at creating an artificial environment on a site through the skillful use of natural components. Landscape design creates a pleasant and harmonious human environment.
Stages of project implementation
1. Preparatory; purpose: Motivation, goal setting of the project; responsible/deadline: D.S.Shemuranova, May.
2. Design; purpose: Construction of an indicative scheme of activities; responsible/deadline:D.S. Shemuranova, May
3. Practical; goal: Project implementation; responsible/deadline:D.S. Shemuranova, N.E. Zhichin, May-June;
4. Final; goal: Comparison of actual and desired results of work; responsible/term:June-September
Budget, resources
1 Flower seeds (Ampelous Lobelia, Sapphire) 55 rub.
2 Facade paint 480 rub.
3 Color for paint 360 rub.
4 Tassels 65 rub.
5 Cotton gloves 120 rub.
Total 1160 rub.
Expected results
1. Team building of children in a common cause;
2. Mastering information about landscape design;
3. Aesthetic design of the school site.
Project implementation methods.
The implementation of the Glade of Tourists project began on the eve of the summer holidays. At the end of May, a class hour was held on the topic of summer classes during work experience, which revealed the desire of students to change the area in front of the school porch. Immediately outlined a rough work plan and decided on necessary material and assigned responsibilities. In addition to materials purchased from the store, items that were used or prepared for disposal were required. In the last week of spring, the guys prepared a sketch of the project, prepared the site (collected dry grass, household garbage, stones), collected materials for the decorative elements of the project (boat skeleton, garbage tank, rubber boots, tires from a GAZ-66 car). AT as soon as possible car tires turned into figures of swans.
Summer came, and the guys from the flight labor camp began the main stage of work: they dug a hole for the “immersion” of the skeleton of the boat, and made a flower bed around it. Then the guys made a "bonfire", on which a flower pot in the form of a camping kettle was cooked. Nearby is a hut made of dried branches of garden trees. Picked up "resting places for tourists." To implement this stage of the project, the help of the workers of the Voskresensky district forestry was required, who drank a table and 3 chairs from a pine trunk.
Having finished installing all the elements, the guys began painting. It remains to sow the seeds of flowers, which will serve as a reservoir, food in a pot, and a bright fire. It remains to regularly water the decorative flower beds and wait for the flowers to appear to complete the project.
Outcome: work on the project brought a lot of positive emotions, the guys got valuable practical skills in mastering a new profession and spent their free time for an interesting activity. The project turned out to be aesthetically pleasing and fit perfectly into the landscape of the school grounds.
120. Requirements for the improvement and landscaping of the territory of schools and kindergartens-nurseries
Schools: Schools of city and district significance include: music, sports, art, boarding schools. Specialized sports schools, in addition to the main educational building, include indoor gyms and swimming pools, outdoor football fields, volleyball and basketball courts.
The areas of territories of music and art schools are calculated on the basis of 15 m 2 per student. The architectural and planning solution of the territories must be purposeful and meet the relevant requirements. Territories must be ornamental gardens with a set of cozy recreation areas and a walking route, with appropriate equipment and small architectural forms. On the sites of art schools, special areas for plein-air classes are provided. Plantings are designed in the form of single, large plants and picturesque groups of trees and beautifully flowering shrubs. Perhaps the device of a sports playground.
On the territory of music schools, secluded areas for music lessons and recreation areas, as well as walking paths, are being designed. Plantings should be presented in the form of plant groupings of trees and shrubs placed on the lawns of the lawn and have a "calming" character. The whole composition should be predisposed to rest after intense musical work and, at the same time, contribute to the rise of creative forces. It is possible to provide a sports ground for playing ball.
Secondary school in a residential complex. The territory of the school is a green area of limited use. The school site, as a rule, is surrounded by a fence made of metal structures with a height of at least 1.5 m. The distance (gap) from the border of the site to the red lines of streets or driveways should be at least 15 ... 20 m, to the walls of houses of residential buildings - at least 10, utilities - at least 50 m.
The planning center of the site is the school building. The building, as a rule, is located at one of the sides of the site and is oriented to the cardinal points in accordance with the current sanitary standards for lighting school premises. Around the building, a passage with a width of at least 3.5 m with a turnaround area is provided (the distance from the facade of the building to the nearest side is at least 8 m).
When designing external landscaping and landscaping, it is necessary to carry out a clear functional zoning. On school grounds, in accordance with educational process and programs provide for various sites and devices designed for both training sessions and outdoor physical education. In accordance with this, the school site is divided into various functional areas: sports (physical culture and health), educational and experimental, recreation area, economic.
Plantations should unite all zones into a single whole and occupy at least 40 ... 50% of the territory. Plantings should play a functional role, separating playgrounds from each other, providing protection from noise, eliminating dust and purifying the air, thereby creating favorable conditions for schoolchildren to study and relax. The placement of plantings depends on the general planning solution of the site, the placement of individual zones, sites, paths.
Plantings in the sports zone are placed on small dividing strips or areas between the sites in the form of rows of trees or hedges of shrubs. On larger plots, between the sports and educational and experimental zones, compact groups of trees can be provided. Plants should not obscure the playing fields of the playgrounds. The range is selected in accordance with the requirements of landscaping sports grounds.
The plantings of the educational and experimental zone have a purely functional purpose and serve to isolate individual plots and sites. They consist of dividing ordinary strips of trees (from the side of the sports area), hedges (between the sites and experimental plots), which must be at least 10 m from the orchard.
Plantings in the recreation area are placed more freely. These are mainly groups of trees or shrubs in small areas around the sites. The requirements for the placement of individual plants and groups are the same as for the placement of trees and shrubs around recreation areas near residential buildings. The sites should have both shady corners for relaxation and well-sunshed areas. The distance from the edge of the paths to the trees should be at least 1.0 ... 0.75 m.
Along the perimeter of the inner part of the school site, rows of trees and shrubs are provided in a strip 4 ... 6 m wide, and on the outside - a planting strip 5 ... 10 m wide.
Near the school building, one or two recreational areas are provided for recreation of senior and junior classes during breaks, as well as (between the passage and the school building) lawn strips with small groups of shrubs and herbaceous perennials, as well as single instances of low trees. Trees are placed at a distance of at least 10 m from the building, and shrubs - 5 m, so that the school premises are not shaded.
Preschool institutions: The level of landscaping according to modern standards should be up to 60%. Kindergartens-nursery, as a rule, are located in the central part of residential buildings in well-lit, ventilated and dry locations with normal natural surface water flow.
According to Moscow standards, preschool institutions are designed with a capacity for 10 ... 12 groups, and in some cases for 6 groups attached to the ends of residential buildings. Playgrounds for children are removed from the entrance to the kindergarten building by no more than 30m, and from the windows of the residential building itself by 15m. The area of a group playground for toddlers is taken at 7.5 m 2 per place. Service radius preschool in the microdistrict - 300 m, in small towns - 500 m.
The site of the kindergarten-nursery has a rectangular configuration. The distance from the boundaries of the site to the red line must be at least 25 m, to the walls of residential buildings - at least 10 m, the walls of public utilities - at least 50 m. The building is placed at one of the borders or in the center of the site. Around the building, a 3.5 m wide driveway with a 12x5.5 m turning area is usually provided. The distance from the facade of the building to the border of the passage (the nearest side stone) must be at least 8 m.
When designing a territory kindergarten it is necessary to subdivide into the following functional zones: the zone of the entrance to the territory, the zone of group playgrounds, the economic zone.
Zone group sites includes directly group playgrounds for toddlers up to 3 years old and for children aged 4-6 years old, as well as a common sports ground (area 250m 2) and a splash pool (area 20m 2). All sites must be interconnected by a network of tracks.
The entire economic zone is concentrated at the border of the site and isolated from the zone of group sites.
Group sites- the main places of stay of children on the site. They are designed for outdoor recreation and play. Usually, for every two sites, one double canopy is installed, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich is included in the area of the group site. The canopy is used for group activities and games that do not require active movement (reading, games). Each group playground should be appropriately equipped, have a sandbox, playpens, Swedish walls, etc. Playgrounds are designed in such a way that educators can see what each child is doing at any time. The area of a group playground for children under the age of 3 years should be 150m2 (with the number of children in a group of 20 people and the norm per child is 7.5m2), and for children from 4 to 6 years old - 180m2 (with a norm per child 9m 2).
For children 4 ... 6 years old, a common sports ground (250m 2) is equipped with climbing, jumping, outdoor games and a splash pool with an area of 25 ... 30m 2 and a depth of 25 ... 30cm. The bottom of the pool should be concreted, smooth and have the greatest slope (0.005). A 0.6 m wide tiled path is provided around the pool. The pool is filled with heated water.
The interconnection of all planning elements is carried out by paths 1.5 m wide. Group sites are connected by a common circular path. The coating of the tracks should be from a special mixture - gravel chips, loamy soil, seedings.
Landscaping of the territory. Plantings are envisaged in the form of the following types: rows of trees and shrubs (trees with a dense crown), groups and single specimens of trees, hedges of shrubs, flower beds (biennials, perennials).
When placing trees and shrubs, consider the following. Along the perimeter of the garden, rows of trees with a dense crown should be provided. A hedge of shrubs is designed along the outer border, shrubs in groups along the inner border. Trees are designed around the sites, both with a dense and openwork crown. To ventilate the area between groups of trees, it is necessary to leave gaps. Trees and shrubs are placed so that most of the sites (up to 50%) are illuminated by the sun during the day. The sports ground should also be well lit, so it is not recommended to place trees with a wide and dense crown around this site.
The planting density of trees and shrubs depends on climatic conditions terrain and the presence of underground utilities.
Flower beds are located mainly at the entrances to the building, as well as in the strips between the building and the ring passage. Near the entrances to the sites, compact flower beds in the form of rectangles or circles look good. The assortment of floral herbaceous plants should include mainly perennial plant species - phloxes, peonies, delphiniums, aquilegia, etc., as well as annuals blooming for a long time - antirrinum, petunia, kosmeya, clarkia, purslane, etc.
The lawn on the territory of the kindergarten must be resistant to trampling. To create it, it is best to use cereal types of herbs (bluegrass, fescue, bent grass). In some cases, some of the playgrounds are provided with a lawn surface. A stable turf is created from a stolon-forming bent grass.
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Little Christina
The theater begins with the wardrobe, and the school with the school yard, because the yard is the face of the school.
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School scientific and practical conference
Landscaping
schools.
Work completed
Little Christina studying
9 b class MBOU secondary school Ust-Uda
Supervisor:
Malenkih Alexander Gennadievich, teacher of technology, drawing
year 2012
Research work
Little Christina
Irkutsk region, Ust - Udinsky district
Municipal budgetary educational institution
average comprehensive school Ust-Uda
annotation
"The theater begins with the wardrobe, and the school with the school yard, because the yard is the face of the school." From this we concluded that the appearance of our school is not entirely aesthetic, and this is what instills in children a taste, a perception of beauty.
Working on the project, we hope to improve appearance personal plot, which helps to increase the interest of the villagers in school life. This is the first reason why we chose this topic. Secondly, the original design of the school site will cheer up students, teachers and school employees, which, in our opinion, should improve the quality of education, because the mood with which adults and children come to school depends on how they will work. . And, finally, thirdly, while working on the project, we hope to learn a lot of interesting and useful things that can be useful to us in the future for successful socialization in society.
School is our common home, because most we spend time at the school that we love and want to see it beautiful not only from the inside, but also from the outside.
Having identified the relevance of this problem for the school, setting goals and objectives to be solved in the course of this project, then we decided to put our plans into practice. During the development of this stage, we not only analyzed the collected information, but also calculated how to get this problem off the ground. We outlined a program of action for ourselves.
2. Reconstruction of the sports ground - 1 - 2 years.
Research work
"Improvement of the school territory"
Little Christina
Municipal budgetary educational institution
secondary school in Ust-Uda
Study plan
Problems that we saw during the study of the project:
1. The school yard is in poor condition.
2. The flower garden is practically not decorated.
3. The sports ground is in a deplorable state.
Project Goals - organizing and carrying out events for the improvement of the territory of the courtyard in order to achieve an aesthetic and practical appearance of the facade of the school. Schoolchildren have a low level of environmental activity.
Project objectives:
- The formation of an active life position in children, to be indifferent to the fate of their small homeland.
- Attracting young people to participate in labor activities.
- To form an active civic position in the younger generation.
- To promote the moral, aesthetic and labor education of schoolchildren.
- Involve children in the search for mechanisms for solving urgent problems of the local community through the development and implementation of socially significant projects.
- To form a sense of personal responsibility for the state of the environment.
- Transform and improve the school grounds.
Research work
"School landscaping"
Little Christina
Irkutsk region, Ust-Udinsky district
Municipal budgetary educational institution
secondary school in Ust-Uda
Research Article
Playground
Over the past decades, there has been a negative trend in the decline in the level of health of children, adolescents and young people in our country.
Increasing attention to the physical culture of schoolchildren has a positive effect not only on the physical, but also on the social health of the younger generation: the state of health improves, the level of fatigue and fatigue decreases, the opportunity to professional growth. Physical education has the significance that motor needs have become a necessity that activates many other vital needs of students. Here, as in culture as a whole, the process of mastering new values by the individual, developing attitudes, value orientations, and social needs on this basis is unfolding. And, as you know, it is the social needs of people that ultimately determine this or that way of life.
A decisive breakthrough in this regard is prevented by the poor material security of our school with sports equipment.
Reconstruction of the sports ground will be a good link in achieving sports results, will provide an opportunity to maintain health during the period of study at school, to form the necessary knowledge, skills and healthy lifestyle life, will enable schoolchildren and young people to realize their needs in their favorite sport at any time of the year.
After consulting with physical education teachers, and based on the territory, we took into account the minimum number of necessary sports facilities for physical education lessons and extracurricular activities. sports activities, as well as for the organization of leisure of students of the school. An integrated sports ground should include the following components:
- Volleyball Court;
- obstacle course;
- gymnastic town;
- basketball playground;
- football field
School grounds design
At the first stage of work on landscaping the school territory:
1. We study the places for the location of flower beds
2. We also study the level of illumination
3. We make the necessary measurements
Taking into account the specifics of the object, in order to develop students' aesthetic perception of nature, put into practice the acquired knowledge in biology, geography and other subjects, create flower beds when designing the landscape design of the school territory.
When creating flower arrangements, you should strive to ensure that the plants bloom all the warm season.
To do this, you need to combine plants with different flowering periods, which will replace each other, or sow a flower garden with long flowering plants.
For a flower garden, plants are selected with approximately the same requirements for soil conditions, moisture and light conditions.
Well-marked, even underlined borders give a neat finished look to the flower garden. For this, a variety of techniques and materials can be used.
Traditionally, medium-sized natural stones, exhibit low, stone, ceramic, wooden or plastic borders, glass bottles or simply plastic tapes specially designed for flower beds.
The filling along the edge of a narrow strip of colored gravel looks good (river or small sea pebbles look better, crushed limestone or granite looks worse). You can simply trim the edges of the sod evenly.
Preparation for the implementation of the landscaping project provides for competitions among school students for the best flower bed and the best decorative crafts to decorate the garden, making garden decorations, creating a flower garden design plan, collecting seeds and planting material from the population, growing seedlings.
Implementation of a landscaping project: creating flower beds and borders, planting seeds and seedlings of flowers, transplanting perennials, placing garden decorations on the site, caring for flowers during the summer.
The project for the decorated design of a flower garden is economically beneficial, since minimal costs are required for its implementation.
Research work
"School landscaping"
Little Christina
Irkutsk region, Ust-Udinsky district
Municipal budgetary educational institution
secondary school in Ust-Uda
Rationale for the relevance of the project
It is not easy to teach a person to think not only about himself, but also about the world around him, this problem is especially relevant for teenagers in our school. Conservation and protection of nature allows teenagers to feel their importance, maturity, to feel their ability to do important, useful things, to really see the results of their activities, to bring joy to others, to create beauty.
We chose this problem because:
The school yard is in poor condition;
The school site is not landscaped enough;
There is no play area on the school site;
The sports ground is not up to the mark;
Schoolchildren have a low level of environmental activity.
We believe that the project will help students express themselves, gain confidence.
Thus, the project for the improvement of the school territory was born.
In order to correctly assess the situation, we examined it from different angles: ecological, biological, social.
One of the negative factors is also the deterioration in the health of children, the growth of bad habits, the useless pastime of adolescents, which can lead to negative consequences.
There are social and environmental problems: dustiness, air pollution, low level of environmental activity among schoolchildren and residents of the microdistrict, low cultural level of communication with nature.
The project will help children express themselves, gain confidence in own forces, improve the school yard, take part in the life of the school. Therefore, the active life position of children is now important for the future, for successful socialization in society. The project serves to solve this problem.
Features of flower plants
You need to think about how the flower garden will be perceived from different points. Some flower arrangements are arranged in a vertical plane. The distance from the path to the flower bed should be twice the height of the largest plant. Other compositions are arranged in a horizontal plane. Here, the most spectacular plants should be planted at a distance of 50-60 to 250 cm from the point of perception.
When creating flower arrangements, you should strive to ensure that the plants bloom all the warm season. To do this, you can combine plants with different flowering periods, which will replace each other, or plant a flower garden with long-flowering plants.
The most important information about the biological characteristics of the plants that we are going to use: relation to light and moisture, life span, time of flowering and preservation of green parts of the plant (vegetation duration), maximum size in adulthood, biocompatibility with other plants, growth rate - avoid using aggressive plants, especially in relatively small flower beds. In any case, plants are selected for the flower garden with approximately the same requirements for soil conditions, moisture and lighting conditions.
Rules for organizing a flower garden. In the background they land tall plants, on the front - lower. A good flower garden should have at least three conditional rows and three levels. The tallest and largest plants are planted in two unequal groups along the diagonal of the flower garden at its opposite edges. The remaining free space in the foreground is filled with undersized or ground cover plants, in the background with taller ones that form the background. Early spring perennials are planted so that in summer they are not visible behind other, later growing flowers. In place of faded bulbs, you can plant seedlings of letniki.
Breakdown of a flower garden on the ground. The layout of the flower garden on the ground begins with the designation of its boundaries. To do this, pegs are hammered along the contour of the flower garden, and a cord is pulled over them, the sod inside the contour is removed, and the remaining roots are selected. The soil is dug up by about 30 cm, large clods are crushed.
If the soil is heavy clay, compost or good humus, sand, peat, a little ash or bone meal are added to it; if the soil is sandy or sandy, add peat, compost and, if necessary, loam. An earthen cushion is formed from the soil mixture, rising 10 cm above the level of the turf (a kind of bed). The soil mixture is leveled and compacted.
After the soil cushion is formed, they proceed to the breakdown of plantings. With a sharp peg on the surface of the flower garden, the boundaries of the placement of a particular culture are outlined, the transitions between which should be smooth.
Borders. Well-marked, even underlined borders give a neat, finished look to the flower garden. For this, a variety of techniques and materials can be used. Traditionally, medium-sized natural stones are laid out along the edge, low stone, ceramic, wooden or plastic borders specially designed for flower beds, or simply plastic ribbons, are put up. The filling along the edge of a narrow strip of colored sand or gravel looks good (river or small sea pebbles look better, crushed limestone or granite looks worse).
Spring work on the school site, regardless of whether we are going to arrange flower beds on our own or with the help of specialists, you need to know some rules: the area reserved for flower beds should be thoroughly cleaned of debris. No burials; before processing the site, uproot unnecessary trees and shrubs, cure those that remain, fill the tree trunks with organic and mineral fertilizers
current care. Flower beds must be watered. You can verify the need for moisture by tasting the earth with a scoop. If the soil is dry at a depth of 5 cm, it needs watering. In autumn, leaves that have fallen on the flower garden are removed. Plants sensitive to low temperatures are covered with heat-insulating material for the winter.
Diagnostic survey among school students
- Do you think that the reconstruction of the sports ground is necessary?
Yes - 91%
No - 0%
Don't know - 9%
- Do you agree that the reconstruction of the sports ground will help improve your health?
Yes - 72%
No - 8%
Don't know - 20%
- Would you like to transform the school yard?
Yes - 79%
No - 8%
Don't know - 13%
- Would you like to participate in the transformation of the school yard?
Yes - 50%
No - 21%
Don't know - 29%
Questioning of students showed that the majority of schoolchildren consider it necessary to reconstruct the school sports ground on the territory of the school. Also, more than half of the students agree that the sports ground will help improve their health. More than seventy percent of schoolchildren would like to transform the school grounds and about fifty percent of students would like to participate directly in this.
conclusions
Having proposed an idea for the improvement of the school territory, we are striving to call on the school administration, together with students and teachers, to bring this project to life. Calculating the approximate cost of the project, its implementation will require at least 100 thousand rubles. The cost of a sports ground is on average from 60 to 80 thousand rubles, and the design of the school territory, as mentioned above, requires minimal material costs. Since it is planned to create flower beds and flower beds on the territory, the costs will be directed only to seedlings and seeds, and the design can be made from natural materials.
The purpose of the project Delimitation of zones of the school territory in order to create the most favorable environmental conditions and create conditions for rest and play for elementary school students.
The objectives of the project are to draw the attention of students to solving urgent problems of the school. - to form in students a sense of responsibility for the school, the ability to implement concrete steps to improve and improve the school and its territory.
To form in each participant of the pedagogical process an internal need for the protection and enhancement of natural resources, the creation and maintenance of beauty around him, the development of an aesthetic and emotional attitude to nature; - involvement of teachers, school students and parents in improving the aesthetic design of the school. - teaching students practical ways and methods of landscaping, the introduction of modern achievements in the field of landscape design;
Hypothesis To feel their importance, adulthood, their ability to do important, useful things, really see the results of their activities, bring joy to others, create beauty with their own hands, the work on the improvement of the territory of the school site will help the students of our school.
Do you think that the reconstruction of the school playground is necessary?
Do you agree that the sports ground will help improve your health?
Would you like to transform the school yard?
Would you like to participate in the transformation of the school grounds?
school plan
Thank you for your attention!