Health-saving technologies classification according to Smirnov. Health-saving technologies in the educational process and extracurricular activities
Everyone knows that health is the greatest value, the basis for self-realization and the main condition for people to fulfill their social and biological functions. Health-saving behavior and thinking are laid down at school. But at the same time, the school environment hinders the promotion of health. The early start of education, the intensification of the educational process, the use of pedagogical innovations entail a discrepancy between the load and the capabilities of the child's body and lead to a strain of adaptive mechanisms.
It is encouraging to note that today education system aimed at maintaining the health of students. The task of teachers is not only to give children knowledge, but also to form successful individuals who are ready to fully live and raise the future generation. And without health it is impossible. That is why health-saving technologies are currently being implemented at school.
The role of the teacher
A teacher can do even more for a student's health than a doctor. He is not required to perform the functions of a medical worker, just teachers must work in such a way that training does not harm schoolchildren. In the life of students, the teacher occupies one of the main places; for them, he personifies everything important and new, including being an example in matters of health conservation.
The teacher must have professional qualities that will allow him to generate fruitful ideas and provide positive pedagogical results. These qualities include the following:
What should a teacher know
The effectiveness of the use of methods and means of health-saving methods in the educational process is influenced by various skills of the teacher, namely:
- analysis of pedagogical situations in the aspect of recovery;
- establishing contact with a group of students;
- mastering the basics of a healthy lifestyle;
- forecasting the development of schoolchildren;
- modeling of the system of relationships in the conditions of health-improving pedagogy.
The teacher should show students by personal example how to take care of their own health and the health of others. In the event that a healthy lifestyle is the norm for a teacher, students will properly accept health-saving technologies at school.
Solution of problems
In order to effectively introduce healthy lifestyle ideas into the practice of a teacher, three problems must be solved:
concept
Health-saving educational technologies in a modern school (HTE) are all technologies, the use of which in the learning process benefits students. If ZOT is associated with the solution of narrower tasks, then they include pedagogical methods and techniques that ensure the safety of students during their stay in an educational institution.
All forms of health-saving technologies at school are linked into a single system and are based on the desire of teachers themselves to improve. If during the implementation of pedagogical functions the task of maintaining the health of teachers and students is solved, then we can say that the implementation of the educational process is carried out in accordance with the LOT.
The main task of the school is to prepare the child for an independent life by obtaining the necessary education. But how can a teacher be indifferent to the fact that his pupils have an unfavorable state of health, which is progressively worsening? This question is largely rhetorical, but one of the answers to it was the demand for health-saving technologies by the heads of educational institutions and teachers.
Goals pursued in the process of implementation of the AST
According to GEF, health-saving technologies at school are aimed at achieving the following goals:
Different approaches
The use of health-saving technologies at school began relatively recently; before that, the concept of sanitary and hygienic measures existed in the pedagogical lexicon. Many people still equate these two terms with each other, but this is a primitive view of the content of the work to preserve and improve the health of schoolchildren, which should be carried out in an educational institution.
Pedagogy aimed at improving the health of children cannot be expressed by any one educational technology. These are all areas of activity in the school for health protection, taking into account the living conditions of the child and the most important characteristics educational environment.
Children in school should receive knowledge that in later life will be in demand by them. And the achievement of this goal is impossible without health-saving pedagogy, which is a set of methods and techniques for organizing the educational process without harming the health of teachers and students. Possessing pedagogical knowledge and closely interacting with schoolchildren, their parents, medical workers and colleagues, the teacher plans his activities taking into account the priorities of strengthening and maintaining the health of participants in the educational process.
Classification
Health-saving technologies at school according to the Federal State Educational Standards imply a set of psychological, medical, pedagogical influences that are aimed at ensuring and protecting health, forming the right attitude towards it. There is no single unique health technology. Health saving acts as one of the tasks of a certain process of education. Such a process can have a medical and hygienic orientation (close contact between a teacher, a health worker and a student), a physical culture and health improvement (physical education is a priority), an environmental one (the formation of harmonious relationships with nature), etc. .
Health-saving technologies and health psychology at school include many psychological and pedagogical methods of work and approaches to solving possible problems that are familiar to most teachers. For example, the educational process, which has a medical and hygienic orientation, involves the use of preventive programs, the implementation of activities to educate students about sanitary standards, the provision of hygienic learning conditions, etc.
Environmental health-saving technologies have slightly different directions. Activities at the school with such an orientation of the educational process will be reduced to educating schoolchildren of the need to take care of nature, involving them in research work in the field of ecology.
As for physical culture and health technologies, the main tasks here are to train willpower and endurance, hardening, forming healthy and trained personalities from physically weak people.
Health-saving technologies at school are classified not only by approaches to health protection, but also depending on the nature of the action. So, there are protective-preventive, stimulating, information-training, compensatory-neutralizing and other technologies.
Functions
POTS have a number of functions:
- Formative. It is implemented on the basis of social and biological patterns of personality formation. Individual mental and physical properties human are predetermined by hereditary qualities.
- Reflective. It consists in rethinking past personal experience, in increasing and maintaining health, which makes it possible to measure the results achieved with the available prospects.
- Diagnostic. It consists in monitoring the development of schoolchildren on the basis of predictive control, due to which it is possible to measure the direction of the teacher's actions and efforts in accordance with the child's capabilities given to him by nature. Health-saving technologies at school provide an individual passage of the educational route for each child, an instrumentally verified analysis of the factors and prerequisites for the future development of the educational process.
- Informative and communicative. ZOT provide a broadcast of the experience of forming a caring attitude to one's own health.
- Integrative. Health-saving technologies at school combine various education systems and scientific concepts, folk experience, guiding them along the path of increasing the health of the younger generation.
OST in elementary school
Each educational institution has specific obligations both for educational, educational and health protection of children. What health-saving technologies are used in elementary school? In fact, there are a lot of them. After all, from the first grade, children are taught the habits of a healthy lifestyle. There are many challenges facing the teaching staff.
- promoting a culture of health,
- improvement of methods and forms of work to preserve and further strengthen the health of schoolchildren;
- the formation of students' needs and qualities that contribute to the development of health.
Each primary school class should be assigned a separate classroom equipped with technical teaching aids. In the office, the air-thermal regime must be observed.
Health-saving education technologies in primary school suggest the use different forms work with students and their parents, implemented by class teachers and school medical staff. Here is some of them:
- health monitoring;
- prevention and prevention of diseases;
- design of information stands;
- timely information about upcoming vaccinations;
- performances at parent meetings etc.
In the primary grades, conversations should be held with students on the topic of personal hygiene, the prevention of colds, the student's regimen, proper nutrition etc.
It is recommended to use the “Full Day School” model in the work of an educational institution, in which an individual regimen is drawn up for each student, including the ability to “switch” from one activity to another, the development of independence and individual abilities, and preventive measures aimed at organizing students’ free time.
Health-saving technologies at the beginning. schools are implemented through a complex of recreational activities:
- class hours "Doctor Aibolit", "If you want to be healthy ...", "Visiting Moidodyr", "Forest Pharmacy", etc.;
- outdoor games during breaks;
- gymnastics for the eyes and physical education in the classroom;
- school sports competitions;
- conversations with a doctor;
- in the afternoon - sports watch "Strong, dexterous, courageous", "The fastest", "Merry relay", etc.;
- newspaper editions.
Particularly sensitive in primary school students is nervous system, therefore, during the lesson, it is important to change activities and work modes through physical education minutes, listening to relaxing songs.
Health-saving technologies in secondary school
Pupils of the middle and senior levels are already more thoroughly and seriously studying everything related to health protection. They get acquainted with the problems of the interdependence of maintaining the body in good physical shape and proper nutrition, learn about how amateur and professional sports affect life expectancy, comprehensively discuss the bad habits of young people (drinking alcohol, smoking, drug addiction) and their impact on mental and physical the state of a fragile organism, childbearing, and so on.
High school students talk about the above problems in groups, at conferences, prepare reports, projects, abstracts on relevant topics, creatively process information of interest, thereby also developing educational competence and creative abilities.
Finally
Majority contemporary problems, which reflect the complexity of the situations that have developed in the system general education and those in need of prompt resolution are connected in one way or another with the health of the younger generation. And this encourages teachers to contribute to the formation and preservation of the health of students through the use of health-improving pedagogy.
«HEALTH-SAVING TECHNOLOGIES. THEIR CLASSIFICATION AND FEATURES.
Article of the teacher of physical culture of the 1st category
Mitz Natalya Petrovna
MOBU SOSH №5
G. Taganrog
Rostov region
Health is a state of physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. The well-being of society largely depends on the state of children's health. In recent decades, there has been a trend towards the deterioration of children's health around the world. Environmental problems, various negative household factors, chemical additives in food, poor-quality water, accumulated irritations in society associated with an unsatisfactory environmental situation, are just some of the factors that aggressively affect the health of a younger student.
Child health can be called a priority for the entire society, since only healthy children are able toproperly assimilate the acquired knowledge and in the future are able toengage in productive work.
The concept of "health" has many definitions. But the most popular, and perhaps the most capacious, should be recognized as the definition given by the World Health Organization: “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not just the absence of disease or physical defects” .
emerging in last years a steady trend of deterioration in the health of preschool children, an increase in the number of children with mental and speech development, dictates the need to find mechanisms to change this situation.
In this regard, health-saving practices have been widely used in our school educational institution.
Health saving technologiesare implemented on the basis of a person-oriented approach. Carried out on the basis of personality-developing situations, they are among those vital factorsthrough which students learn to live together and interact effectivelyhowl, i.e. require the active participation of the student incultural development human relations, in the formation of health saving experience, which is acquired through the gradual expansion of the sphere of communication and activity of the student, the development of his self-regulation (fromexternal control to internal self-control), the formationself-awareness and an active life position based on education and self-education, the formation of responsibility for one's health, life and health of other people.
In order to understand the issue of using "health-saving technologies" in the work of a physical education teacher, it is necessary to indicate what scientists understand by the term "Pedagogical technologies".
At present, the concept of "pedagogical technology" has firmly entered the pedagogical lexicon. However, there are major discrepancies in its understanding and use.
B.T. Likhachev defines pedagogical technology as a set of psychological and pedagogical attitudes that determine a special set and arrangement of forms, methods, methods, teaching methods, educational means; it is the organizational and methodological toolkit of the pedagogical process.
Thus, pedagogical technology in its totality is understood by us asorganizational and methodological tools of the pedagogical process.
By definition, V.V. Serikov,technology at anysphere is an activity that to the maximum extent reflects the objectivelaws of a given subject area, built in accordance with the logic ofdevelopment of this sphere and therefore provides the greatest data forconditions compliance of the result of the activity in advanceset goals.
Health-saving pedagogical technologies should providedevelopment of the natural abilities of the child: his mind, moral andaesthetic feelings, the need for activity, masteringinitial experience of communication with people, nature, art.
The purpose of the modern school is to prepare children for life. Each student should receive during the study the knowledge that will be in demand for him in later life. Achieving this goal in today's school can be achieved with the help of health-saving pedagogy technologies, which are considered as a set of techniques and methods for organizing the educational process without harming the health of schoolchildren and teachers.
The teacher, owning modern pedagogical knowledge, in close cooperation with students, with their parents, with medical workers, with colleagues, plans his work taking into account the priorities of preserving and strengthening the health of the participants in the pedagogical process.
Health-saving technologies - involve a set of pedagogical (V.M. Akimenko, N.N. Belyavskaya, L.N. Zasorina, N.I. Makarova,S. Chubarova, G. Kozlovskaya, V. Eremeeva and others), psychological and medical influences (L.S. Vygodsky, V.V. Davydov, A.L. Sirotyuk and others), aimed at protecting and ensuring health, the formation of a valuable attitude towards one's health. There is no single unique health technology. Health saving can act as one of the tasks of the educational process. This may be an educational process of a medical and hygienic orientation (carried out with close contact between a teacher - a medical worker - a student); physical culture and health improvement (priority is given to physical education classes); ecological (creation of harmonious relationships with nature), etc. Only through an integrated approach to teaching schoolchildren can the problems of forming and strengthening the health of students be solved.
There are the following types of health-saving technologies:
Health saving (prophylactic vaccinations, ensuring physical activity, fortification, organization healthy eating)
wellness (physical training, physiotherapy, aromatherapy, hardening, gymnastics, massage, herbal medicine, art therapy)
Health education technologies (inclusion of relevant topics in the subjects of the general education cycle)
Nurturing a Culture of Health (optional classes for the development of the personality of students, extracurricular and extracurricular activities, festivals, competitions, etc.)
Selected technologies can be represented in a hierarchicalorder according to the criterion of subjective involvement of the student ineducational process :
Extra-subject: rational technologyorganizationseducational process, technology of formationhealth-saving educational environment, organization of a healthynutrition (including dietary), etc.
Assuming passive position of the student: herbal medicine,massage, ophthalmic simulators, etc.Assuming an active subjective position of the studentvarious types of gymnasts, health education technologies,fostering a culture of health.
"Health-forming educational technologies", ondefinition of N.K. Smirnova, these are all those psychological and pedagogicaltechnologies, programs, methods that are aimed at educatingstudents of a culture of health, personal qualities that contribute to its preservation and strengthening, the formation of an idea of health asvalues, motivation for a healthy lifestyle.
Health saving technology , according to V.D. Sonkina is:
the conditions of the child's education at school (lack of stress, the adequacyrequirements, the adequacy of teaching and upbringing methods);
rational organization of the educational process (in accordance withage, gender, individual characteristics andhygienic requirements);
compliance of educational and physical activity with agechild's abilities;
necessary, sufficient and rationally organizedmotor mode.
Underhealth-saving educational technology , according toI.V. Petrova,understand a system that creates the maximum possible conditions forpreservation, strengthening and development of the spiritual, emotional,intellectual, personal and physical health of all subjectseducation (students, teachers, etc.). This system includes:
1. Use of student health monitoring data,conducted by medical workers, and own observations in produring the implementation of educational technology, its correction in accordance withavailable data.
2. Taking into account the peculiarities of the age development of schoolchildren and the developmenteducational strategy corresponding to the characteristics of memory,thinking, working capacity, activity, etc. students of thisage group.
3. Creation of a favorable emotional and psychological climate in the process of implementing the technology.
4. The use of various types of healthstudent activities, aimed at maintaining and increasing reserveshealth, performance.
Functions health-saving technology:
forming: is carried out on the basis of biological and social patterns of personality formation. The formation of personality is based on hereditary qualities that predetermine the individualnye physical and mental properties.
informative and communicative: provides broadcastexperience in leading a healthy lifestyle, continuity of traditions,value orientations that form a careful attitude toindividual health, the value of every human life;
diagnostic: is to monitor student developmentbased on predictive control, which allows you to measure the efforts and onthe direction of the actions of the teacher in accordance with the natural possibilitiesmi of the child, provides an instrumentally verified analysis of the prerequisitesand factors of prospective development of the pedagogical process, the individualfull passage of the educational route by each child;
adaptive: educating students to focus onhealth care, healthy lifestyle, optimize the conditionown body and increase resistance to various kindsstress factors of the natural and social environment. She providesadaptation of schoolchildren to socially significant activities.
reflective: is to rethink the previouspersonal experience, in the preservation and enhancement of health, which allowsmeasure the actual results achieved with the prospects.
integrative: combines folk experience, various scientificconcepts and systems of education, guiding them along the path of maintaining healththe rising generation.
Classification of health-saving technologies.
Bythe nature of the activity health technologies canbe both private (highly specialized) and complex(integrated).
Byline of business among private health care providerstechnologies are distinguished: medical (disease prevention technologies;correction and rehabilitation of somatic health; sanitaryhygiene activities); educational, promoting health (information-training and educational); social (technologiesorganizing a healthy and safe lifestyle; prevention andcorrectionsdeviant behavior); psychological (technologiesprevention and psychocorrection of mental deviations of personal and intellectual development).
To complex health-saving technologies include:integrated disease prevention technologies,correction and rehabilitation of health (sports and health andvaleological);pedagogical technologies promoting health;technologies that form HEALTHY.
Health-saving technologies are the most significant among all known technologies in terms of the degree of impact on children's health. Their main feature is the use of psychological and pedagogical techniques, methods, approaches to solving emerging problems. They can be divided into three subgroups:
organizational and pedagogical technologies that determine the structure of the educational process, contributing to the prevention of states of overwork, physical inactivity and other maladaptive conditions;
psychological and pedagogical technologies associated with the direct work of the teacher with children (this also includes the psychological and pedagogical support of all elements of the educational process);
teaching and educational technologies, which include programs to teach people to take care of their health and to form a culture of pupils' health.
Preservation and promotion of health, as during immediate educational activities, as well as in free time especially important for schoolchildren.The use of health-saving technologies in the activities of a physical education teacher is becoming a promising means of correctional and developmental work with children in the classroom. Against the background of the complex work of a physical education teacher, health-saving technologies, without requiring special efforts, optimize the development process and contribute to the improvement of the entire body of the child..
Bibliography:
Bespalko V.P. Components of pedagogical technology//Pedagogy 1989-p. 192
Borisova I.P. Ensuring health-saving technologies at school//Handbook of the head of an educational institution.-2005.-№10.-p.84-92.
Weiner E.N. Formation of a health-saving environment in the system of general education//Valeology.-2004.-№1.-p.21-26.
Vasichkin V.I. All about massage.// M.: AST-PRESS, 1998.
Health and Educationwww . valeo . edu . en
Health-saving activities of the school in the educational process: problems and ways to solve them//School.-2005.-№3.-p.52-87.
Ishmukhametov M.G.Non-traditional means of improving children // Primary School, 2005. -No. 1. P. 91.
Publishing House September 1st.https // my .1 September . en
Kovalko, V.I. Health-saving technologies at school [Text] /V.I.Kovalko//Primary school. M.: Enlightenment, 2004. - No. 12. - P.14-15, 176p.
Koltsova M.M. Motor activity and development of the child's brain functions.// M., 1986.
The concept of federal state educational standards of general education: Project / Russian Academy education; ed. A.M. Kondakova , A.A. Kuznetsova. // M.: Enlightenment, 2009. - 40 With . - (Standards of the second generation).
Everyone knows that health is the greatest value, the basis for self-realization and the main condition for people to fulfill their social and biological functions. Health-saving behavior and thinking are laid down at school. But at the same time, the school environment hinders the promotion of health. The early start of education, the intensification of the educational process, the use of pedagogical innovations entail a discrepancy between the load and the capabilities of the child's body and lead to a strain of adaptive mechanisms.
It is gratifying to note that today the educational system is aimed at preserving the health of schoolchildren. The task of teachers is not only to give children knowledge, but also to form successful individuals who are ready to fully live and raise the future generation. And without health it is impossible. That is why health-saving technologies are currently being implemented at school.
The role of the teacher
A teacher can do even more for a student's health than a doctor. He is not required to perform the functions of a medical worker, just teachers must work in such a way that training does not harm schoolchildren. In the life of students, the teacher occupies one of the main places; for them, he personifies everything important and new, including being an example in matters of health conservation.
The teacher must have professional qualities that will allow him to generate fruitful ideas and provide positive pedagogical results. These qualities include the following:
What should a teacher know
The effectiveness of the use of methods and means of health-saving methods in the educational process is influenced by various skills of the teacher, namely:
- analysis of pedagogical situations in the aspect of recovery;
- establishing contact with a group of students;
- mastering the basics of a healthy lifestyle;
- forecasting the development of schoolchildren;
- modeling of the system of relationships in the conditions of health-improving pedagogy.
The teacher should show students by personal example how to take care of their own health and the health of others. In the event that a healthy lifestyle is the norm for a teacher, students will properly accept health-saving technologies at school.
Solution of problems
In order to effectively introduce healthy lifestyle ideas into the practice of a teacher, three problems must be solved:
concept
Health-saving educational technologies in a modern school (HTE) are all technologies, the use of which in the learning process benefits students. If ZOT is associated with the solution of narrower tasks, then they include pedagogical methods and techniques that provide students with safety during their stay in an educational institution.
All forms of health-saving technologies at school are linked into a single system and are based on the desire of teachers themselves to improve. If during the implementation of pedagogical functions the task of maintaining the health of teachers and students is solved, then we can say that the implementation of the educational process is carried out in accordance with the LOT.
The main task of the school is to prepare the child for an independent life by obtaining the necessary education. But how can a teacher be indifferent to the fact that his pupils have an unfavorable state of health, which is progressively worsening? This question is largely rhetorical, but one of the answers to it was the demand for health-saving technologies by the heads of educational institutions and teachers.
Goals pursued in the process of implementation of the AST
According to GEF, health-saving technologies at school are aimed at achieving the following goals:
Different approaches
The use of health-saving technologies at school began relatively recently; before that, the concept of sanitary and hygienic measures existed in the pedagogical lexicon. Many people still equate these two terms with each other, but this is a primitive view of the content of the work to preserve and improve the health of schoolchildren, which should be carried out in an educational institution.
Pedagogy aimed at improving the health of children cannot be expressed by any one educational technology. These are all areas of activity in the school for health protection, taking into account the living conditions of the child and the most important characteristics of the educational environment.
Children in school should receive knowledge that in later life will be in demand by them. And the achievement of this goal is impossible without health-saving pedagogy, which is a set of methods and techniques for organizing the educational process without harming the health of teachers and students. Possessing pedagogical knowledge and closely interacting with schoolchildren, their parents, medical workers and colleagues, the teacher plans his activities taking into account the priorities of strengthening and maintaining the health of participants in the educational process.
Classification
Health-saving technologies at school according to the Federal State Educational Standards imply a set of psychological, medical, pedagogical influences that are aimed at ensuring and protecting health, forming the right attitude towards it. There is no single unique health technology. Health saving acts as one of the tasks of a certain process of education. Such a process can have a medical and hygienic orientation (close contact between a teacher, a health worker and a student), a physical culture and health improvement (physical education is a priority), an environmental one (the formation of harmonious relationships with nature), etc. .
Health-saving technologies and health psychology at school include many psychological and pedagogical methods of work and approaches to solving possible problems that are familiar to most teachers. For example, the educational process, which has a medical and hygienic orientation, involves the use of preventive programs, the implementation of activities to educate students about sanitary standards, the provision of hygienic learning conditions, etc.
Environmental health-saving technologies have slightly different directions. Activities at the school with such an orientation of the educational process will be reduced to educating schoolchildren of the need to take care of nature, involving them in research work in the field of ecology.
As for physical culture and health technologies, the main tasks here are to train willpower and endurance, hardening, forming healthy and trained personalities from physically weak people.
Health-saving technologies at school are classified not only by approaches to health protection, but also depending on the nature of the action. So, there are protective-preventive, stimulating, information-training, compensatory-neutralizing and other technologies.
Functions
POTS have a number of functions:
- Formative. It is implemented on the basis of social and biological patterns of personality formation. Individual mental and physical properties of a person are predetermined by hereditary qualities.
- Reflective. It consists in rethinking past personal experience, in increasing and maintaining health, which makes it possible to measure the results achieved with the available prospects.
- Diagnostic. It consists in monitoring the development of schoolchildren on the basis of predictive control, due to which it is possible to measure the direction of the teacher's actions and efforts in accordance with the child's capabilities given to him by nature. Health-saving technologies at school provide an individual passage of the educational route for each child, an instrumentally verified analysis of the factors and prerequisites for the future development of the educational process.
- Informative and communicative. ZOT provide a broadcast of the experience of forming a caring attitude to one's own health.
- Integrative. Health-saving technologies at school combine various education systems and scientific concepts, folk experience, guiding them along the path of increasing the health of the younger generation.
OST in elementary school
Each educational institution has specific obligations both for educational, educational and health protection of children. What health-saving technologies are used in elementary school? In fact, there are a lot of them. After all, from the first grade, children are taught the habits of a healthy lifestyle. There are many challenges facing the teaching staff.
- promoting a culture of health,
- improvement of methods and forms of work to preserve and further strengthen the health of schoolchildren;
- the formation of students' needs and qualities that contribute to the development of health.
Each primary school class should be assigned a separate classroom equipped with technical teaching aids. In the office, the air-thermal regime must be observed.
Health-saving teaching technologies in primary school involve the use of various forms of work with students and their parents, implemented by class teachers and school medical staff. Here is some of them:
- health monitoring;
- prevention and prevention of diseases;
- design of information stands;
- timely information about upcoming vaccinations;
- speeches at parent meetings, etc.
In the primary grades, conversations should be held with students on the topic of personal hygiene, the prevention of colds, the schoolchild's regimen, proper nutrition, etc.
It is recommended to use the “Full Day School” model in the work of an educational institution, in which an individual regimen is drawn up for each student, including the ability to “switch” from one activity to another, the development of independence and individual abilities, and preventive measures aimed at organizing students’ free time.
Health-saving technologies at the beginning. schools are implemented through a complex of recreational activities:
- class hours "Doctor Aibolit", "If you want to be healthy ...", "Visiting Moidodyr", "Forest Pharmacy", etc.;
- outdoor games during breaks;
- gymnastics for the eyes and physical education in the classroom;
- school sports competitions;
- conversations with a doctor;
- in the afternoon - sports watch "Strong, dexterous, courageous", "The fastest", "Merry relay", etc.;
- newspaper editions.
Particularly sensitive in primary school students is the nervous system, so during the lesson it is important to change activities and work modes through physical education minutes, listening to relaxing songs.
Health-saving technologies in secondary school
Pupils of the middle and senior levels are already more thoroughly and seriously studying everything related to health protection. They get acquainted with the problems of the interdependence of maintaining the body in good physical shape and proper nutrition, learn about how amateur and professional sports affect life expectancy, comprehensively discuss the bad habits of young people (drinking alcohol, smoking, drug addiction) and their impact on mental and physical the state of a fragile organism, childbearing, and so on.
High school students talk about the above problems in groups, at conferences, prepare reports, projects, abstracts on relevant topics, creatively process information of interest, thereby also developing educational competence and creative abilities.
Finally
Most of the modern problems that reflect the complexity of the situations that have developed in the system of general education and need to be resolved as soon as possible are somehow related to the health of the younger generation. And this encourages teachers to contribute to the formation and preservation of the health of students through the use of health-improving pedagogy.
The concept of "health-saving technology" refers to the qualitative characteristics of any educational technology, showing how the task of maintaining the health of the teacher and students is being solved.
Thus, health-saving technologies are educational technologies that meet the main criteria:
Why and for what?- unambiguous and strict definition of learning objectives,
What?- selection and structure of content,
How?- optimal organization of the educational process,
With using what?- methods, techniques and means of teaching,
Who?- the actual level of qualification of the teacher.
Is it so? - objective methods evaluation of learning outcomes.
The term "health-saving educational technologies" (hereinafter referred to as HEET) can be considered both as a qualitative characteristic of any educational technology, its "safety certificate for health", and as a set of those principles, techniques, methods of pedagogical work that, supplementing the traditional technologies of education and upbringing, endow their sign of health.
Health-saving pedagogy cannot be expressed by any specific educational technology. At the same time, the concept of "health-saving technologies" combines all areas of activity of an educational institution in the formation, preservation and strengthening of the health of students.
Experts offer several approaches to the classification of health-saving technologies. The most developed and used in educational institutions is the classification proposed (, 2006).
Among the health-saving technologies used in the education system, he identifies several groups that use a different approach to protecting health, and, accordingly, different methods and forms of work.
1. Medico-hygienic technologies (MGT). All problems related to human health traditionally belong to the competence of medical workers, the responsibility of the health system. In fact, although the concept of “health” is a cornerstone in medicine, in practice, medical workers have long been concerned not so much with health as with diseases. The proclaimed priority of prevention over cure by preventive medicine remains a wishful thinking. To be convinced of this, it is enough to ask the local therapist for advice on how to improve your health. At best, you will have to hear banal recommendations "to eat right, walk more, not be nervous." But it is in educational institutions that the use of preventive programs is mandatory.
Medical and hygienic technologies include control and assistance in ensuring proper hygienic conditions in accordance with the SanPiN regulations. The medical office of the school organizes vaccinations for students, provides advisory and emergency assistance to those who apply to the medical office, conducts activities for sanitary and hygienic education of students and teaching staff, monitors the dynamics of students' health, organizes preventive measures on the eve of epidemics (flu) and solves a number of other tasks related to the competence of the medical service. The participation of a doctor or a nurse is necessary when conducting psychological and pedagogical consultations, at which issues related to individual students with health problems are resolved. Classes under the program "Therapeutic Pedagogy" should be conducted under the supervision and with the participation of medical professionals. The creation of dental, physiotherapy and other medical rooms at the school to provide everyday assistance to both schoolchildren and teachers, conducting physical therapy classes, organizing phytobars, etc. are also elements of this technology.
2.Fit-health technologies (PHOT). They are aimed at the physical development of those involved: hardening, training of strength, endurance, speed, flexibility and other qualities that distinguish a healthy, trained person from a physically weak one. They are implemented at physical education lessons and in the work of sports sections.
3.Ecological health-saving technologies (ECT). The resources of this area of health protection are still clearly underestimated and poorly used. The focus of these technologies is the creation of natural, ecologically optimal conditions for the life and activities of people, harmonious relationships with nature. At school, this is the arrangement of the school grounds, and green plants in classrooms, recreation, and a living corner, and participation in environmental activities.
Analysis of the lesson from the standpoint of health saving
In order to analyze the lesson from the point of view of maintaining the health of schoolchildren, it is advisable for the experts present at the lesson to pay attention to the following aspects of the lesson: Hygienic conditions in the classroom (office): cleanliness, temperature and freshness of the air, the rationality of class lighting ...
Functions of health-saving technology
FORMING is carried out on the basis of biological and social patterns of personality formation. The formation of personality is based on hereditary qualities that predetermine individual physical and mental properties. Supplement the formative impact on the personality of social ...
The main components of health-saving technology
AXIOLOGICAL, manifested in students' awareness of the highest value of their health, the conviction of the need to lead a healthy lifestyle that allows you to most fully achieve your goals, use your mental and physical capabilities. Implementation of the axiological ...
Classification of health-saving technologies
By the nature of the activity, health-saving technologies can be both private (highly specialized) and complex (integrated). In terms of activity, private health-saving technologies are distinguished: medical (disease prevention technologies; correction and rehabilitation ...
Technology types
Health-preserving (preventive vaccinations, ensuring physical activity, vitaminization, organizing a healthy diet) Improving (physical training, physiotherapy, aromatherapy, hardening, gymnastics, massage, herbal medicine, art therapy) Health education technologies ...
Background
The concept of “school illnesses” was introduced by the German doctor R. Virchow in 1870. Even then, in order to “eliminate the main causes of school illnesses”, it was proposed to use games, dances, gymnastics and all kinds of visual arts. Thereby...
It should be noted that all health-saving technologies used in the educational process can be divided into three main groups:
The first group includes:
technologies that provide hygienically optimal conditions for the educational process;
The second group includes:
technologies for the optimal organization of the educational process and physical activity of pupils;
The third group includes:
a variety of psychological and pedagogical technologies used in the classroom and in extracurricular activities by teachers and educators.
By the nature of the activity, health-saving technologies can be private (highly specialized) and complex (integrated).
In the area of activity, among private health-saving technologies, there are:
· medical(technologies for disease prevention);
· correction and rehabilitation of somatic health; sanitary and hygienic activities);
Educational, promoting health (information-training and educational);
social (technologies for organizing a healthy and safe lifestyle; prevention and correction of deviant behavior);
psychological (technologies for the prevention and psycho-correction of mental deviations of personal and intellectual development).
Comprehensive health-saving technologies include:
technologies of complex prevention of diseases;
technologies for the correction and rehabilitation of health (sports and recreational and valeological);
Pedagogical technologies promoting health;
technologies that form the basis of a healthy lifestyle (HLS).
The educator, counselor, teacher-organizer, teacher in the organization and implementation of health-saving technologies must take into account the following conditions:
1) environment and hygienic conditions: temperature and freshness of the air, the rationality of lighting, the presence / absence of monotonous, unpleasant sound stimuli, etc.;
2) change of types of activity: norm - 4-7 types;
3) average duration and frequency of alternation various kinds learning activities. Approximate rate - 7-10 minutes;
4) alternation of types of teaching. Norm - no later than 10-15 minutes;
5) the availability and choice of methods that contribute to the activation of the initiative and creative self-expression of the children themselves. These are such methods as the method of free choice (free conversation, choice of mode of action, choice of mode of interaction; freedom of creativity, etc.); active methods(learning by doing, group discussion, role play, discussion, workshop,); methods aimed at self-knowledge and development (intelligence, emotions, communication, imagination, self-esteem and mutual evaluation);
6) the place and duration of the use of TSS and ICT (in accordance with hygiene standards), the ability of the teacher to use them as opportunities to initiate discussion, discussion;
7) poses of pupils (students), alternation of poses;
8) physical education minutes and other recreational moments - their place, content and duration. Norm - for 15-20 minutes, 1 minute of 3 light exercises with 3 repetitions of each exercise;
9) the presence in the content of issues related to health and a healthy lifestyle; demonstration, tracing of these connections; formation of attitude towards a person and his health as a value; developing an understanding of the essence of a healthy lifestyle; formation of the need for healthy way life; development of an individual way safe behavior, communication to students of knowledge about possible consequences choice of behavior, etc.;
10) psychological climate;
11) the presence of emotional discharges: jokes, smiles, aphorisms with comments, etc.
As already noted, there are various approaches to the classification of health-saving technologies. Let us consider in more detail the groups of health-saving technologies used in the conditions of preschool educational institutions.