Pregnant belly 4 months. Feelings of a woman in the fourth month of pregnancy, the size of the abdomen and the development of the fetus, possible complications
You are now in your fourth obstetric month - one of the most comfortable periods of bearing a baby. Toxicosis stops tormenting you, appetite appears, and you feel a surge of strength. You need to know what's going on with your body and your baby at 4 months pregnant. And we will try to help you understand this issue.
The 4th obstetric month of your pregnancy has begun. Your due date is calculated in obstetric months, which consist of exactly four weeks (28 days). Are you wondering: “4 month pregnant: how many weeks is that?”? From the point of view of medicine, this is the period from the 13th to the 16th obstetric week.
4 weeks of pregnancy: what happens to the fetus?
Undoubtedly, you are wondering how your baby looks like at 4 months of pregnancy, after how long it will move. The body of the baby is not yet proportional: the arms are already proportionate to the body, but the legs are still short. The size of the fetus at 4 months of pregnancy: height - 13 cm, weight - about 60-70 grams.
Your baby is already beginning to form the external genitalia. But it is not yet clear whether it is a girl or a boy.
Now the baby is actively developing nervous system, his skin becomes sensitive. The child's facial features become noticeable. And even in such a short time, he already smiles, frowns and frowns. Your baby is already quite developed - he sucks his finger, turns his head, stretches, yawns, squeezes his fingers into a fist and plays with his legs and arms. At the end of the fourth obstetric month, many expectant mothers already notice the movements of their baby. They may still be very weak, but in the future they will be more and more intensified.
In this period prenatal development your child is already beginning to synthesize his own hemoglobin, the pituitary gland and the adrenal cortex are functioning more actively. The baby's body becomes more and more independent.
What does the belly look like at 4 months pregnant?
Is the belly growing and how visible is it at 4 months of pregnancy? During this period, as a rule, external changes are not particularly noticeable. What your belly looks like at 4 months pregnant depends largely on your constitution. If this is your first pregnancy, then the stomach does not particularly protrude (the uterus has just begun to go beyond the small pelvis). With repeated pregnancies during this period, the abdomen is already quite noticeable, since the ligaments that hold the uterus are already stretched. The stomach at this time does not yet constrain movements, and you feel quite comfortable.
The uterus begins to grow rapidly, the volume of amniotic fluid is about 300 ml. By this time, you could already gain 5-7 kg (and this is normal). The uterus is now located in the area between the navel and the pubic bone.
4 month pregnant feeling
By the 4th month of pregnancy, the symptoms and sensations of the first trimester practically disappear or occur only occasionally. You already noticeably improved appetite and well-being due to the absence of nausea. But there may be symptoms such as:
- dizziness;
- slight pain in the lower abdomen due to stretching and thickening of the ligaments of the uterus;
- headache;
- nosebleeds;
- copious white discharge from the vagina;
- feeling of light suffocation;
- involuntary excretion of urine, etc.
All of these symptoms are due to hormonal changes in your body and are acceptable and normal.
If you begin to notice swelling of the hands and feet, an increase in blood pressure and a deterioration in well-being, you should consult a doctor.
A sharp weight gain in combination with severe swelling may indicate problems with the kidneys. Therefore, during this period it is very important to diagnose the existing pathologies in a timely manner and cure them. At this time, pyelonephritis may occur, which is caused by the influence of the hormone progesterone.
In addition, it is important to monitor changes in the color of urine and secretions. If your urine is often pink or cloudy, you should tell your doctor. It is also necessary to urgently contact a gynecologist if you find brown or bloody discharge from the vagina.
Pregnancy for a period of 4 months is an interesting and important period, both for the expectant mother and for the child. By this time, the formation of the important organs of the baby has been completed and their improvement continues: the development of the cerebral cortex, the kidneys and endocrine glands are included in the work.
At this time, the baby is rapidly gaining weight. If by the end of the 13th week the child weighed 45-50 grams, then by the 16th week the weight increases to 200 grams. He has the first timid movements and major reflexes. And what does a woman feel during this period?
In some cases, a pregnant woman should immediately see a doctor.
This should be done when:
- cramping pains in the lower abdomen
- bleeding occurs from
- woman experiencing increased thirst on the background of frequent urination
- pain when urinating
- swelling of the whole body: arms, legs and face
- there are strong and prolonged
- vision is suddenly disturbed, a veil appears before the eyes
- the woman ceases to feel movement
- woman feels too active fetal movement
- when urinating, there is a change in color
- itching all over the body
A woman during pregnancy should continue to lead a normal life, without limiting her movements. After all, pregnancy is not a disease, but a completely normal and viable condition. A woman needs to move more, walk in the fresh air, do feasible housework. In difficult situations where a lot of physical effort is required, it is better to seek help from relatives or friends.
If a woman has carefully prepared for a planned pregnancy and follows all the doctor's recommendations, then health problems should not arise.
The fourth month of pregnancy is obstetric 13-16 weeks inclusive. Manifestations of early toxicosis disappear, and the tummy begins to grow quite quickly, in some women it is already becoming noticeable to people around.
The fetus has completed the formation of internal organs, the placenta is functioning, and it is more protected from various adverse factors. It's time to enjoy your pregnancy!
What happens to the body of the expectant mother in the 4th month of pregnancy, what she feels and notices
1. Growth of the abdomen. The uterus is growing rapidly, and doctors have the opportunity to control the development of pregnancy by measuring the length of the uterus and the girth of the abdomen at the navel. Normally, both the length of the uterus and the girth of the abdomen increase by a centimeter every week. And the height of the fundus of the uterus is equal to the obstetric week of pregnancy. At the beginning fourth month the uterus is only slightly shown above the pubic joint, and closer to the fifth month it approaches the navel.
2. Mom's heart. The amount of circulating blood in the mother's body increases up to 40%, and this puts a lot of stress on her heart. For this reason, many mothers from the fourth month of pregnancy periodically suffer from shortness of breath and tachycardia. The pulse can increase to 100 beats per minute and even higher (at a rate of up to 80 beats). However, although this symptomatology is considered a variant of the norm, it is a reason for a deeper examination of the heart. We need to do an ECG, possibly a Holter study of the heart rhythm and an ultrasound of the heart. There are drugs for tachycardia, but their expectant mothers are prescribed only when absolutely necessary, as they reduce the heart rate and the child. You can fight tachycardia with physical rest, valerian and motherwort - natural sedatives, safe for the fetus.
3. Skin changes. Increases pigmentation. New age spots, moles, freckles appear. Therefore, you should try not to be in the open sun, especially during the warm season and during the time period from 10 am to 5 pm.
A new sign of pregnancy appears - a strip in the middle of the abdomen. During pregnancy, it will darken, possibly become wider. Pigmentation on the abdomen will remain after childbirth, for about a year. Trying to wipe it off with a washcloth is not worth it, it's useless, just hurt the skin.
The nipples and the area around them, the armpits are subjected to pigmentation. But all this too shall pass.
Many expectant mothers develop acne on their face and body. To avoid the spread of acne throughout the body, do not pick them, do not provoke the transfer of infection to other areas of the skin. And wipe the acne itself with an aqueous solution of chlorhexidine - this is an excellent antiseptic that is safe for expectant mothers.
And another skin problem that occurs in most pregnant women is the appearance of a large number of small papillomas. Apparently, this is due to a decrease in immunity and the HPV virus, which, perhaps, we all have. Trying to tear them off, pull them off, should not be. This will lead to infection of the wound, which is very dangerous for you and the unborn child. After childbirth, the papillomas themselves will begin to dry out and fall off, even medical intervention will not be needed.
4. Weight. By the end of the fourth month, the total weight gain should be no more than 4 kilograms. If you have more - try to find errors in nutrition and normalize your menu. Excess weight provokes the development diabetes, leads to the birth of a large fetus (and hence birth injuries in him) and generally complicates the birth process.
If weight gain is normal, then outwardly the woman does not seem fuller than she was before pregnancy. But the waist begins to slowly round.
5. Sprain. Since the uterus is growing rapidly, the load on the ligamentous apparatus becomes stronger. Sometimes, for this reason, expectant mothers experience sharp pains in the lower abdomen, in the groin area. This is not dangerous for the child, although it is unpleasant for mommy.
6. Nosebleeds. Due to the increase in the volume of blood in the mother, her vessels are under load. Moreover, blood clotting is somewhat reduced. All this provokes bleeding. Not only the nose, but also the gums, for example. If you want to avoid nosebleeds, carefully humidify the air in your home, do not allow the mucous membranes to dry out.
7. Constipation and hemorrhoids. The growing uterus and the relaxing effect of the hormone progesterone cause slow intestinal motility and constipation. Also, the intake of certain medications, for example, magnesium and iron preparations, has an adverse effect in this regard. You need to stay as mobile as possible, drink plenty of water and eat fiber-rich vegetables.
Remember that frequent constipation, coupled with uterine pressure on the rectum, provokes hemorrhoids. And if he appeared, then for life. You can't get rid of it without a major operation.
8. Movement of the child. Some women begin to feel them as early as 14-15 obstetric weeks.
What happens to the fetus in the fourth month
The baby completely becomes dependent on the placenta. It is through it that the body is supplied with oxygen and nutrition. Through it, toxic substances are removed from his body.
In addition, the placenta is a defense against viruses and bacteria, not all, but very many.
The baby already has reflexes, which will remain with him for a long time after birth, and some for life. Swallowing and sucking first.
The baby is very active and moves often, but is still very small, so most expectant mothers will feel the presence of a new life in themselves only in the next four weeks.
The baby has fluff all over his body - lanugo, a small amount of it will remain with him until the very moment of birth. These fluffy hairs have defined function- they help to linger on the child's body protective lubricant, without it it is impossible to live constantly in the water.
But in addition to lanugo, real hairs on the head, cilia and eyebrows are already appearing. There are nails on the fingers.
The baby has a functioning urinary system, and he urinates into the amniotic fluid at least once an hour. But this is not scary, since the amniotic fluid tends to be completely renewed once every 2-3 hours. Thus, their sterility is maintained, and nothing threatens the baby. Chemical composition water is the same. Amniotic fluid plays a multifaceted role - it protects the child from mechanical damage, expands the uterus so that the fetus can move comfortably in it, nothing limits its development. Water is also involved in metabolism.
Now the prostate gland is formed in boys, and the ovaries in girls. However, the doctor with an ultrasound examination is still unable to accurately determine the sex of the child by appearance his genitals.
The face of the child becomes more and more formed, close to the ideal. However, the ears are not yet fully formed on the outside. But the baby already hears and reacts to loud sounds.
At the end of the fourth month, the little one sometimes opens his eyes, his retina becomes sensitive to light. Weight is about 200 grams, and height is 20 cm. Still a baby.
2 common and dangerous problems of the fourth month
The first is isthmic-cervical insufficiency or ICI. A pathology in which the cervical os is unable to remain closed throughout pregnancy. The fetus grows, and the fetal bladder begins to protrude into the neck, which leads to its gradual shortening and opening. This is the main cause of premature birth and miscarriage in late pregnancy. The causes of ICI are surgical interventions in which the cervix was mechanically opened (for example, abortions), hormonal disorders, and trauma during childbirth.
Treatment - suturing or wearing an unloading obstetric ring on the cervix. The first method is considered more effective and safer.
The second problem is disturbances in the placenta. Placental insufficiency begins to form. As a result, the fetus receives less nutrition, oxygen, and in the second half of pregnancy, it begins to lag behind in development. These problems arise due to infectious diseases transferred during pregnancy, violations of the formation of the placenta in the early stages of pregnancy. And it's not curable. Doctors can only observe the condition of the fetus and, if necessary, give birth to a woman ahead of time to try and save the fetus.
Other problems may arise with the placenta - this is its presentation, that is, being too close to the cervix. It threatens with detachment, severe bleeding and fetal death. With increasing gestational age, the placenta almost always rises to a fairly high level in the uterus. Until then, you need to take care of yourself.
New tests and examinations
At the end of the fourth month, namely at 16 obstetric weeks of pregnancy, a woman takes a blood test for alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (CG) and unconjugated estriol (NE). This is the second screening. It is necessary for the diagnosis of some congenital abnormalities in the development of the fetus. And if the result of the analysis is unimportant, and the results of the ultrasound are also suspicious for malformations, doctors may recommend an invasive study - to pass amniotic fluid for analysis. This procedure is called amniocentesis. Since miscarriages sometimes occur after it, you need to carefully weigh the pros and cons before agreeing to it.
4 months of pregnancy is the period when the baby's organs have finished forming. Now the rest of the time will last their cultivation, which has already begun. The weight of the baby is increasing all the time, now he weighs about 200 grams.
This month can be characterized by two points:
- weakness;
- not very frequent urination.
It is in this month that the child's cerebral cortex is formed, which is a great achievement. Undoubtedly, this is the most complex and important human organ. The baby's kidneys begin to work, the adrenal glands improve. The first fluff appears on the head, the nails finish forming.
Significant changes are also taking place in your body. The uterus extends beyond the small pelvis and increases in the abdominal cavity. The breast at 4 months of pregnancy also continues to increase. To help the placenta feed the baby, the body increases the amount of blood that circulates in the body. If your heart is normal, then you will not even notice this load.
The fourth month of pregnancy is the period when changes in the skin and hair of the expectant mother occur. Hair and freckles darken, a dark line appears that runs through the entire abdomen. To reduce these changes, use sunscreen, make whitening face masks.
The tummy at 4 months continues to round, the waist “disappears”. By this period, toxicosis, most likely, has passed, and your health has become better, your appetite has increased. Some clothes may already be tight, but for now, you can still get by with an old wardrobe.
Many girls think that if the stomach pulls, then there is cause for concern. Actually it is not. Due to the fact that the uterus is rapidly increasing, the ligamentous apparatus is stretched. These sensations may be a little painful, but quickly pass.
The volume of fluid in the body increases. Because of this, sweating and vaginal discharge at 4 months of pregnancy increase. There is nothing dangerous in this, but it requires taking additional measures to care for personal hygiene. If you suddenly began to worry about bleeding from the nose, then you need to take care of humidified air in your apartment. And of course, you need to tell your doctor about it. During this period, you may begin to suffer from constipation. In this case, it is necessary to try to cope with them with the help of a doctor in order to avoid the appearance of hemorrhoids.
If you are thin or have a second child, then by the end of 4 months you can feel your baby moving.
If the pregnancy is proceeding normally, then this month you will make only one visit to the doctor. He will tell you what results your tests showed and explain the ultrasound parameters at 4 months of pregnancy.
This month, you need to think about such household chores:
- if you drive a car, then it may be time to give it up;
- girls who dye their hair and nails should avoid excessive inhalation of chemicals. But it's also not worth letting yourself go. Let everything be moderate.
There is reason to think about a new wardrobe. You may need it next month.
How does the belly grow during pregnancy
Here you will find photos of four women with different body types. From the photographs you will be able to track how their belly changes and grows during all nine months of waiting. In addition, you will learn what factors and conditions affect the parameters of your abdomen.
When does the tummy start to grow during pregnancy? What will it look like? What determines the size and shape of the abdomen? And is it possible to predict what will be the belly of a pregnant woman? Expectant mothers ask all these questions. And obviously their curiosity has many explanations. A pregnant woman wants to know when her position will become visible to others. After all, if relatives and friends have already announced good news, then, for example, colleagues want to talk about changed plans far from immediately. In addition, trying to find out "normal" parameters, a woman seeks to keep the situation under control. After all, if the tummy corresponds to the average data, then the baby is in order. Is it really? Should women compare their tummies to photos on the Internet, or just "measure" their bellies with their girlfriends by position?
When does the belly start to grow? At what time is the belly visible?
Let's immediately turn to the photographs of four pregnant women. The photos were taken at the same time, however, the difference in how their tummies look is obvious. The belly changes its shape already from the second month of pregnancy, but the difference compared to the previous month is small, isn't it? Moreover, in the third month of pregnancy, the changes are also not yet obvious. But in the fourth month others are likely to pay attention to the fact that the girls have changed.
The photographs also show that the growth of the abdomen begins at individual times. As obstetricians note, the abdomen becomes noticeable from the sixteenth obstetric week of pregnancy. However, it is quite possible that pregnancy will make itself felt a little earlier or even noticeably later. There are cases when already in the first month of pregnancy (in case of non-compliance right menu), women showed a noticeable increase in the abdomen due to gas formation. Pregnancy hormones affect bowel function, slowing down digestion. And if a woman continues to eat sweet, starchy foods, eats in large portions and rarely, then her stomach becomes noticeably large. In addition, in practice there are (albeit extremely rare) cases of “hidden gestation”, when the abdomen does not change shape and size until the very late stages of pregnancy.
What determines the size and shape of the abdomen
1. The tummy is more noticeable in women who are re-pregnant. This is due to the fact that in the first pregnancy, the abdominal muscles were not yet stretched.
2. The size and shape of the abdomen depend on the build, physique, height and weight of the woman. It is believed that petite women notice a rounded belly much earlier than tall women with a magnificent complexion. However, this does not mean that there may be exceptions.
3. The size and shape of the abdomen may depend on heredity. Therefore, it is more likely that you can predict the parameters of the abdomen by looking at photographs of your mother in position (or your father's mother, if you inherited his complexion).
4. Weight gain during pregnancy will also affect the size of the abdomen.
5. The estimated size of the baby, as well as the growth rate of the fetus. How larger fruit the sooner everyone will notice your belly! There is average information about the size of the fetus at certain times of pregnancy. Knowing them, it is easier to understand where the baby is “hiding” in the stomach until the fourth month.
As can be seen from the table, a significant increase in the fetus occurs precisely at the 16th week of gestation.
6. It affects the size of the abdomen and the growth of the uterus. In the first weeks of pregnancy, the uterus has a pear-shaped shape, and by the end of the second month it becomes round and triples in size. In a non-pregnant woman, the uterus weighs only fifty to one hundred grams, and by the end of pregnancy, its weight reaches one kilogram! The size of the uterus will be given to you at each of your scheduled check-ups. But you can learn about how the belly changes each week of pregnancy (and see what the uterus looks like too) here: Pregnancy in pictures by week. In addition, if the location of the fetus in the uterus is closer to its front wall (with front diligence), then the stomach will appear larger. Amniotic fluid also plays an important role. Here's how amniotic fluid builds up:
Why the belly does not grow during pregnancy
So, earlier we found out that until the fourth month of pregnancy, the stomach can be completely invisible. But what does the slowed growth of the uterus mean? Lagging rates of uterine enlargement may indicate fetal malnutrition (doctors call it growth retardation). The risk of having a small child is high. The uterus may be smaller than its size even if there is molarity, which can develop as a result of maternal hypertension, infectious and inflammatory diseases, lesions of the fetal excretory system, placental insufficiency, preeclampsia.
In conclusion, we emphasize once again that the belly of a pregnant woman may look different depending on the six factors that we have listed. And yet, you should not neglect the medical supervision of the course of pregnancy. Only a doctor can accurately measure the size of the uterus, fetus (using ultrasound) and volumes amniotic fluid.
Pregnancy week by week - how the fetus develops, what happens to the woman.
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Fourth month of pregnancy
The fourth month of pregnancy "opens" the most pleasant and safest trimester in general - the second. By the fourth month, all the unpleasant phenomena associated with toxicosis should already subside, in any case, their intensity has noticeably decreased. Nausea and vomiting are often replaced by increased appetite - the baby continues to actively grow and develop, requiring nutrients and nutrients in the required quantities. The fetus is now growing, as if in a fairy tale - by leaps and bounds, and by the end of the fourth month, for the first time, with bated breath, a woman can feel his first tremors and movements. However, it should be borne in mind that the issue of sensations of the first tremors is very individual: many mothers can feel the first movements of the crumbs only next month. It all depends on the physique of the woman, on anatomical features, on whether for the first time or repeatedly the lady is "in anticipation".
Despite the fact that the second trimester of pregnancy, which began with the fourth month, is considered the most calm and safe, expectant mother, as before, you need to be careful. Among other things - eat well, walk in the fresh air, relax and get enough sleep, monitor weight and blood pressure.
Baby at four months pregnant
This month, the formation of the internal organs of the child is almost completed: the kidneys already independently excrete urine into the amniotic fluid, the adrenal glands produce hormones, all the functions of a small organism are controlled by the nervous and endocrine systems, the immune system is actively developing. The development and growth of the baby's brain continues: the fourth month is marked by the formation of the cerebral cortex.
Now the placenta performs the function of transporting all nutrients and nutrients to the child, it is also responsible for removing harmful substances and waste products, for protecting the crumbs from harmful viruses and bacteria.
In the fourth month of pregnancy, the baby is already bending its legs and arms, clenching its palms into fists, it has grasping and sucking reflexes. In the same month, hair on the head, eyebrows and eyelashes will begin to grow, nails will form. At the same time, an embryonic fluff appears on the body of the baby - lanugo, which will retain a special protective lubricant secreted by the skin.
The child already knows how to squint, and by the end of the month he will completely open his eyes. By the end of the fourth month, the baby will grow to 16-20 cm, its weight reaches 200 g.
Feelings and possible problems of the fourth month of pregnancy
This month, there is a gradual improvement in overall well-being: toxicosis disappears, increased appetite sprinkles, activity increases. The figure changes more noticeably: the uterus grows rapidly, accordingly, the tummy is rounded and the waist is smoothed out, the mammary glands increase even more, but, fortunately, their soreness and swelling gradually disappear.
In the fourth month, age spots may appear on the skin, the appearance or darkening of already existing freckles. In addition, the strip on the abdomen becomes more pronounced, and the nipples and areolas also darken.
Due to the large amount of fluid in the body, increased sweating and some increase in whitish vaginal discharge are possible. With any changes in the nature of the discharge - if their color, consistency changes, the discharge is accompanied by itching and / or burning - you should consult a doctor, because with such symptoms, most likely, treatment of the attached infection is necessary.
At the 4th month of pregnancy, periodic headaches and dizziness are still possible, while brushing your teeth, there may be a slight bleeding of the gums. Some nasal congestion is possible, and if the small vessels do not withstand - nosebleeds.
An extremely unpleasant problem can be constipation, as a consequence of hormonal changes in the body and the pressure of the growing uterus on the intestines. It is better to avoid constipation by carefully monitoring the diet, and if constipation nevertheless manifests itself, try to quickly debug the work of the digestive system and intestines in particular. After all, it is often constipation that causes a painful and delicate disease - hemorrhoids.
In the fourth month, the uterus already extends beyond the small pelvis, and its growth continues in the abdominal cavity. A significant increase in the uterus is accompanied by a sprain, which many expectant mothers feel in the form of pulling pains in the lower abdomen. That's just in order to establish the nature of the pain and eliminate the possible risk of losing a child, you should definitely consult a doctor about pain.
Read also
4 month pregnant
The fourth month of pregnancy is the beginning of the most pleasant and safe second trimester. For a woman, the best time for bearing a fetus begins. The intensity of all symptoms associated with toxicosis, nausea and vomiting is reduced. These processes are replaced by increased appetite.
Belly at 4 months pregnant
At the beginning or end of the fourth month, depending on the anatomical features of the mother and child, tremors in the abdomen may already be noticeable. The belly becomes more noticeable, the child continues to grow, the formation of internal organs and systems takes place. Despite the fact that the expectant mother feels great in the second trimester of pregnancy, starting from the fourth month, you still need to be careful, carefully monitor your health, constantly visit a doctor, eat well, take walks in the fresh air, regardless of the time of year.
Rest, restful sleep, moderate weight gain and blood pressure control are the main criteria for a successful pregnancy.
Pain at 4 months pregnant
Pain in the period of 4 months may be mild, they are associated with the growth of the uterus. If the pain in the lower abdomen is cramping, you need to undergo a medical examination. Pain in the epigastric region, any bloody or watery discharge, intense thirst, frequent urination, swelling and other uncomfortable sensations should be of concern. In the second trimester, the uterus extends beyond the small pelvis; its growth continues in the abdominal region.
In the period of 20 weeks, the bottom of the uterus is located at the level of the navel. The growth and enlargement of the uterus contributes to the stretching of its ligamentous apparatus, and therefore pregnant women feel pulling and sometimes painful sensations in the lower abdomen. At 4 months, periodic headaches and dizziness are still possible, slight bleeding of the gums while brushing your teeth. Nasal congestion, and blowing your nose, as a rule, can cause rupture of small vessels in the nasal cavity, this provokes nosebleeds.
Almost every woman experiences pain from cramps due to a lack of calcium and an excess of phosphorus. Expansion of the veins in the legs, swelling cause discomfort, fatigue and pain in the legs.
Signs and symptoms 4 months pregnant
The period is characterized by a decrease or complete exclusion of an irritable reaction to food or smells. Emotional changes continue, although there is more joy from realizing the reality of the event, but some pregnant women by the end of the second trimester are worried and worried about the upcoming birth.
There may be various psychological problems and only a clear and frequent control of the doctor over the condition of the pregnant woman and the fetus, the love of loved ones, will help to cope with overcoming all obstacles. On the skin of the future mother, moles and freckles darken, age spots appear, a dark line is visible from the navel to the pubic bone. This is due to the deposition of a special pigment substance - melanin.
There are times when there is a slight suffocation. A condition that is complicated by spasms of the walls of the blood vessels of the respiratory system. Deep breathing becomes difficult due to the pressure of the enlarged uterus on the diaphragm. Such a circumstance should not cause unrest.
Nausea and vomiting at 4 months pregnant
During this period, nausea may continue, but less often a woman feels the need to empty her stomach. Slight bloating, belching are extremely unpleasant, but you need to be patient, because at this time these phenomena will soon pass. The problem can be called constipation - a consequence of hormonal changes in the body, usually it is the cause of the formation of hemorrhoids.
The pressure of the growing uterus on the intestines also leads to constipation. Trouble with the stool can be avoided by careful choice of food. Sour-milk drinks, dried apricots, prunes, raw vegetables, wheat bran, cereals should always be in the diet.
Discharge at 4 months pregnant
Allocations are an indicator of normal or pathological changes in a woman's body. White-yellow discharge is considered normal. The yellowness of the discharge is evidence that a natural viscous secretion is formed, produced under the influence of progesterone to create a plug in the cervix - a barrier between the child and infections.
The discharge in the first trimester is thick, starting from 4 months, they become liquid. During pregnancy, heavy discharge is not always provoked by hormones, they can be caused by allergic reactions to pads and intimate hygiene products. In case of infection, the color changes and an unpleasant odor appears. Dark yellow discharge is considered abnormal, this is a signal that an infectious disease is developing.
It may also be due to acute inflammatory process. A bright yellow color indicates inflammation of the ovaries and fallopian tubes. Today, at any stage of pregnancy, both inflammation and infectious diseases with the help of special preparations that do not cause pathologies in the fetus. At this time, the formation of the placenta ends, and primary placental insufficiency, i.e., poor supply of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus, can be observed. A sign of such a process is pain in the lower abdomen, in the lower back and spotting. A course of treatment, including the use of antispasmodics, vitamins, herbal sedatives, eliminates the threat of abortion.
Ultrasound at 4 months pregnant
The ultrasound machine captures the movement of the child, bending the legs and arms, clenching the palms into fists, manifestations of grasping and sucking reflexes. Hair on the head, eyebrows and eyelashes begin to grow, nails form. The body is covered with germinal down (lanugo), which retains a special lubricant secreted by the skin to protect it.
This month, the baby's kidneys independently excrete urine into the amniotic fluid, hormones are produced in the adrenal glands, the endocrine and nervous systems control the management of all functions of the developing organism.
There is active development immune system, the brain grows and the cerebral cortex is formed. The placenta supplies nutrients and oxygen to the baby. This most important and absolutely unique organ is responsible for the removal of harmful waste products. It protects the fetus from the effects of dangerous viruses and microbes. This month, future boys already have a prostate, and girls have ovaries.
Sex can already be distinguished by the external genitalia. The face becomes expressive, the ears from the side of the neck rise to the main location. In the fourth month of development, the baby knows how to squint, and by the end of the month, his eyes come off. Its height is 16-20 cm, and its weight is 200 g. In addition to ultrasound, in the period of 16-18 weeks, the so-called "triple test" is prescribed to determine the genetics of the unborn child - indicators of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (CG) and unconjugated estriol.
Deviation from the norm means chromosomal abnormalities, the fetus may develop Down syndrome. Such analyzes, at the request of future parents, take place twice between 15 and 20 weeks with an interval of 1-2 weeks. Deviations from the norm in 9.3% are erroneous, if necessary, it is recommended to undergo an additional study of amniotic fluid (amniocentesis), performed under the control of an ultrasound machine, which will accurately establish the development of the pathology.
Nutrition at 4 months pregnant
Olive or sunflower oil is needed for the liver, at this “age” of the fetus bile is already being produced. The thyroid gland requires trace elements, iodine enters the mother's body from persimmon, kiwi, seaweed. When organizing a diet, it is recommended to choose products that meet the needs of the body of a woman and a boy or girl growing in her.
It should be borne in mind that for a month a woman, on average, is allowed to gain weight in the range of 2-2.5 kg. You can not feel hungry, you should eat often, in small portions. If there are no edema, then it is useful to drink non-carbonated water at least 1-1.5 liters per day. A glass of water in the morning before breakfast, fiber, and foods that have a laxative effect will help the digestive tract function properly. It is undesirable to eat beans, pears, sandwiches.
Mom and child at this time need calcium iron, phosphorus and magnesium, B vitamins, etc. Therefore, it is good to take a vitamin-mineral complex, especially in winter.
Bleeding at 4 months pregnant
Bleeding can be caused by a fall, a car accident, or a violent entry. The cystic skid is also a cause of bleeding. This disease gestational sac complicates pregnancy. It manifests itself in a change in the villous membrane, a sharp swelling of the villi, their growth and transformation into vesicles containing a clear liquid.
As a result of partial detachment of the vesicles from the walls of the uterus, spotting and bleeding from the genital tract appear. This occurs at the 3-4th month of pregnancy. Bleeding leads to anemia, intensifying, it can become life-threatening for the pregnant woman and the fetus.
Sex at 4 months pregnant
If a woman and her unborn baby feel good, you can already relax and enjoy every moment of this period, because the most difficult pregnancy cycles are over.
A surge of new strength and energy has a positive effect on the mood of a woman, and therefore, at 4 months of pregnancy, a return to sexual life is possible. During orgasm, endorphins and enkyphalins are released and have a positive effect on the child. With contraindications that are determined by the doctor, sex is undesirable, namely when spotting, increased risk of miscarriage, damage to the amniotic sac, low placenta, and infections.
Since oxytocin is present in the blood of a woman during sexual arousal, and prostaglandin in the seminal fluid of a man, this can cause uterine contraction. In addition, excessive mechanical impact on the cervix also leads to adverse effects.
Cold at 4 months pregnant
During pregnancy, it is not easy to protect yourself from colds, SARS or flu. Much depends on the immunity of the mother. Infections are always difficult to tolerate and often lead to complications. To avoid negative consequences you need to seek help from a doctor. It is recommended that the expectant mother try to visit less crowded places, do not use public transport.
A woman planning a pregnancy needs to ensure her safety in advance and foresee all situations. Eating vitamins and minerals will protect you from colds and flu. A cold in the second trimester (12-24 weeks) has less risk and danger because the already formed placenta protects the fetus.
If, however, it was not possible to avoid the disease, then treatment should be taken very seriously. A thoughtless medication will lead to the development of various pathologies in the child. At the first even slight signs of malaise, it is necessary to comply with bed rest, reducing the intake of medicines to a minimum. It is necessary to lower the body temperature only if it reaches 38 degrees with the help of tea with lemon, honey and raspberries.
If these measures are not enough, the doctor will prescribe less harmful drugs by reducing the standard dosage. Sore throat, cough or runny nose can be treated with various folk remedies if these are herbs, you need to know how they act on the uterus so as not to cause it to contract. It is useful to gargle with herbal decoctions, use inhalation procedures, rinse the nose with saline solutions, or be treated with the safe Pinosol remedy.
Flying at 4 months pregnant
If a woman is pregnant, this does not mean at all that she cannot continue an active lifestyle. Pregnancy is not a disease, and although it is more difficult to do what could be done before pregnancy, in the absence of contraindications, you can be in a normal rhythm. Many are interested in whether it is possible to make air travel in such an interesting position.
The course of pregnancy is different for everyone, therefore, you need to maintain common sense, discuss the upcoming trip with your doctor. It must be remembered that pregnancy involves the production of hemoglobin "for two" and the lungs breathe twice as intensively. Therefore, any flight is an additional heavy load on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
Of course, many use the services of airlines during pregnancy, special vigilance is recommended when climbing and descending the aircraft. During the flight, passengers are forced to sit, the length of stay in the cabin affects the swelling of the legs, problems with the bladder may occur, and stress often causes indigestion.
Abortion at 4 months pregnant
Abortion at 4 months of pregnancy can only be done for medical reasons. Such termination of pregnancy is similar in nature to artificial childbirth and is performed on the basis of the application of the pregnant woman and the permission of a specially appointed commission, which determines the need for this operation. The reasons for artificial termination at 4 months of pregnancy can be: a threat to the health or life of a woman, severe fetal malformations, its non-viability and various social issues.
Miscarriage at 4 months pregnant
A miscarriage in the second trimester is a spontaneous birth, and they can be caused by serious pathological processes. These include genetic disorders, infectious and inflammatory diseases. Rejection is observed when the blood of the mother and fetus is incompatible (Rhesus conflict). A serious hormonal disorder also poses a danger to the continuation of pregnancy.
YOUR PREGNANCY CALENDAR BY MONTH |
The period of bearing a child (gestational period) is divided into trimesters, which in turn are divided into weeks. The fourth month of pregnancy is the beginning of the second trimester and covers the period from 13 to 16 obstetric weeks.
Gestational period is the most "calm" period of bearing a baby. The first screening is over, the organs and systems of the fetus are formed, but continue to improve.
The child becomes a separate organism. The lymphatic and endocrine systems are actively working in him, but without the mother's body, the life of the fetus will end.
Changes are observed in the body of the mother. The annoying symptoms of toxicosis disappear, the stomach becomes more noticeable.
The uterus stretches and increases in size, which allows the baby to wave its legs and arms.
The work of the cardiac system is enhanced. The heart has to pump the increased volume of blood, that is, to supply oxygen to the placenta and the baby.
Symptoms
At this stage of pregnancy, the patient is aware of her new situation, so the symptoms are relative.
These include:
- skin pigmentation;
- the appearance of small papillomas;
- acne, or vice versa;
- darkening of the nipples;
- the appearance of a dark pigmented stripe stretching from top to bottom;
- weight gain;
Sometimes, from 15-16 weeks of gestation, various pathological conditions appear: hair falls out, nails exfoliate. This is due to the loss of calcium, which goes to build and strengthen the skeletal layer of the baby.
Hair loss is associated with a lack of and.
It is extremely rare for signs of a late one to persist, but the sense of smell intensifies.
How the fetus develops
From the 13th to the 16th week of gestation, the formation of the fetus continues. The placenta is firmly attached to the amniotic sac, the uterine os is tightly compressed. The internal organs are formed, the lymphatic system works.
On the monitor during an ultrasound examination, the baby's limbs, facial features, fingers are clearly defined, but it is difficult to consider the presence of a nail plate on them.
At the beginning of the second trimester, the weight of the fetus reaches 120-150 g with a growth of 10-12 cm. At the end of the 16th week, growth will increase to 20 cm, weight up to 200 g.
The figures are average and may fluctuate up or down.
Starts at 4 months of gestation active work urinary system of the fetus, the nervous system and the cerebral cortex are formed.
The excretion of urine occurs twice an hour. The free cavity with the presence of amniotic fluid allows the baby to make various movements, but to the best of their small weight, it is impossible for the expectant mother to feel them.
At the beginning of the 16th week, the fetus can swallow, suck, draw in water. The reflex system is being improved.
Sometimes on ultrasound, you can find clenching your fingers into a fist or touching your face.
Gender is determined, but the formation of external and internal sexual characteristics continues.
Original lubrication and soft fluff appear on the body - another type of intrauterine protection.
The mother and fetus are connected by an umbilical cord, which is firmly held on one of the parts.
The temporary body protects the child, preventing the entry of viruses and bacteria. Protects against injury and maintains internal balance.
Changes in a woman's body
Evidence of the beginning of the second trimester is accompanied by a rounding of the forms of the pregnant woman. In addition to the tummy, the volume of the hips and chest increases. If you are overweight, new stretch marks may appear.
Particular attention is paid to the filtration capacity of the kidneys, therefore it is recommended to conduct an ultrasound examination of the organs with a negative one.
What can you do
The normal state of health of the pregnant woman and the absence of pathologies in the development of the fetus and the course of pregnancy allow you to lead a normal life.
In the usual way of life must be included:
- daily walks;
- stay outdoors for at least 2 hours a day;
- moderate: yoga, swimming;
- gymnastics "for pregnant women" no more than 15 minutes a day;
- daily hygiene procedures;
- watching good movies or listening to your favorite music.
Any business that brings delight or tenderness to the expectant mother has a positive effect on the development of the baby.
Often in this period, pregnant women begin to engage in needlework: they sew, knit or embroider.
The usual pace of life practically does not change.
If there are obvious contraindications to doing the usual things, or the gynecologist strongly recommends to refrain from them, you should listen to a specialist.
Severe pregnancy, possible risks of its interruption, bleeding. These are grounds for adherence to bed rest and careful observation in a hospital setting.
What is prohibited and restricted
A ban is imposed if:
- there is a real threat of abortion;
- placenta and fetus;
- an acute inflammatory or infectious process develops.
- take a hot bath;
- visit a bath or sauna;
- drinking alcohol;
- take medications without the consent of the attending physician;
- make active physical exercises: download the press, squat;
- fly on a plane.
Food
At 4 months, the baby is not viable outside of uterine life.
From the period from 15 to 16 weeks of gestation, the child acquires Rh and group affiliation.
The incompatibility of these indicators with maternal ones leads to the ABO system or Rhesus isosensitization.
Useful video: important points at 4 months of pregnancy