Where to build a barn on the site. Do-it-yourself barn: how to create a hozblok from simple materials
Building a barn with your own hands is not such a difficult task, but you cannot do without such a building on a personal plot, especially if the site is new and the construction of the house is still planned. During this time, the shed will become a shelter for the craftsmen, a storage for their tools, and later it will be a workshop or a good warehouse for firewood and garden utensils. Therefore, it is necessary to start equipping a fenced area with the installation of this economic structure.
You can’t install a barn where you have to - first you need to carry out zoning, since you need to remember that the building will serve for more than one year and can become an obstacle to other buildings, or ruin the plan landscape design territory. Therefore, it is necessary to allocate a place for it that will not be suitable for agricultural or ornamental plantings, gazebos, garages, saunas, toilets and other buildings. If you install a barn in the far corner of the site, it will not only not interfere with the work process, but will also become protection from prying eyes.
But if in the future it is planned to arrange a woodcutter in it, then the shed should not be too far from the main building, since in winter time it will be difficult to get to it, and firewood should always be at hand.
After choosing a suitable area for installation, you can proceed to further steps.
Site preparation
The first thing to do after choosing a place is to mark the site. It is usually marked with pegs placed at the corners of the future structure. A twine is pulled over the pegs - it will be easier to control the level of the foundation being built.
The foundation for a barn can be made in many ways, and the choice will depend on what material the structure will be built from. Most often, a barn is built according to the frame type, but some owners prefer to build such an outbuilding from bricks.
The frame structure is much lighter than a brick one, so you can choose a monolithic, columnar or strip foundation, or you can install it on relatively large concrete blocks.
A tape and monolithic version of the foundation is well suited for a brick structure. You can, of course, adapt the columnar to it, by making jumpers between the pillars, but this is quite troublesome. To choose a suitable foundation for the intended structure, you need to know what they are.
Although the most expensive and time-consuming to install, but it has several advantages over other types of foundations.
- It is durable and strong, so even when the wooden structure becomes unusable, it will be possible to build a new one on the old foundation.
- Having arranged such a foundation, the owner receives not only the basis for the walls, but also the finished barn floor.
- If concrete is reinforced with topping, then the floor will not require additional flooring. But if you wish, you can put linoleum or tiles on it, i.e. concrete base gives full right to choose its decoration.
The construction of such a foundation is as follows:
- A not too deep pit is dug on the marked area, since the barn is a light non-residential premises, does not require insulation basics. Therefore, its total thickness can be 300 ÷ 350 mm, i.e. its underground part will be 200 ÷ -250 mm, and the above-ground 100 ÷ 150. Even if the walls are built of brick, half a brick thick (and more is usually not required for a barn), such a base height will be quite enough for it.
- On the prepared site, it is necessary to loosen and remove the soil to a depth of 400 ÷ 550 mm.
- Then, at the bottom of the pit, you need to arrange a 100 mm sand cushion, which will waterproof foundation sn izu. Sand must be carefully compacted by pouring water.
- Gravel is laid on the sand in the same layer. She, too, is rammed to the maximum. Crushed stone will make the base more durable and will not allow it to sag.
- A formwork is installed around the pit, with a height of 100 ÷ 150 mm above the soil level.
- Next, a rough concrete mortar is kneaded, which is laid on the rubble with a layer 7-10 cm thick and evenly distributed throughout the pit - this will be a rough screed.
- Then the reinforcing mesh with cells 60 ÷ 100 mm is immediately laid. It can be fixed with wire staples by sticking them in several places into the rough screed.
- If the floor area of the barn is large enough, then after the rough screed has set, you need to set it flush with the height of the beacon formwork. They will be necessary for the convenience of leveling the surface.
- Further, a thinner cement-sand mortar is poured, made in proportions of 1: 3, and leveled by the rule along the guides of the beacons.
- The structure must be given several hours to set, and then covered with plastic wrap on top for uniform hardening.
- If it is planned to strengthen the surface with topping, then this process is carried out on a freshly set, but still wet surface.
Strip foundation
It will require less cost, but having arranged it, you will also have to make a floor from boards, plywood, or also fill in a screed, but thinner, since this type of foundation is intended only for the foundation of wall structures. It can be made both under brick walls and under frame wooden ones.
- For a strip foundation, a trench is dug along the perimeter of the marked area, about 100 ÷ 120 mm wide more than the thickness of the future walls. The depth of the trench, as well as that of a monolithic foundation, should be 400 ÷ 550 mm.
- Laying a sand cushion and strengthening with crushed stone is also carried out in the same way as when constructing a monolith.
- Further, the trench is enclosed from the outside and inside with formwork, which should be 200 ÷ 350 mm high.
- A welded reinforcement structure is installed on the crushed stone layer, it is desirable that it be 50 ÷ 70 mm high below the upper edge of the formwork.
- Next, the concrete mixture is poured into and tapped with a bayonet shovel to remove air, which can form cavities inside the concrete, which will weaken the structure.
- The top of the poured foundation is leveled along the upper edge of the formwork, and the structure is left to harden.
- When the concrete hardens, the formwork is removed from the base.
- Inside the foundation, it is best to fill in expanded clay of a fine fraction, it will insulate and waterproof the floor, and will also prevent rodents from starting, since they simply do not live in it.
Column Foundation
Used for the construction of a frame structure. Install it like this:
- The area allocated for the barn is marked out specifically for column foundation, since the supports must stand at a certain distance from each other, usually it is from one to one and a half meters.
- According to the marking, the required number of holes is dug with a depth of 350 ÷ 450 mm, a width on top approximately 400 × 400 mm.
- At the bottom of the dug pits, a layer of 100 mm of sand and the same amount of crushed stone are poured. Each of the layers is well compacted.
- The next step is the flooring waterproofing made of polyethylene film, it must line the pit and exit to the surface, to the top future columns, plus 70 ÷ 100 mm.
- A formwork is installed in each pit - a box without a bottom. Inside it, a waterproofing film is straightened and fixed with staples along its top. The barn structure will be raised from the ground to the height of the box.
- A reinforcing welded or wire-bonded structure is installed in each formwork box.
- After that, the concrete solution is poured. From above, along the formwork, it is leveled and left to harden.
- While the columns are solidifying, if desired, you can carry out the following work, which will reduce the ingress of moisture into the barn. To do this, 50 ÷ 70 mm of the fertile layer is removed throughout the site, around the posts, and sand is poured and compacted in its place, and fine gravel is poured on top of it.
- After the concrete has hardened, the formwork is removed from the posts, and then it would be desirable to cover them with a waterproofing material, for example, bituminous mastic or liquid rubber.
Video: barn on a columnar foundation
concrete block foundation
This one is only suitable for frame construction, and its installation is the easiest of all the above.
- First, the marked area is cleared, the fertile soil layer is removed from it by 50 ÷ 70 mm.
- Instead of the extracted soil, a layer of sand is poured, watered and compacted.
- Fitted on top of it layer of fine gravel also needs to be compacted.
- Further, concrete blocks of the required height are laid on the prepared site around the perimeter. The distance between them should be no more than one and a half meters. Blocks must be aligned with a level.
After the foundation of any type is ready, it is necessary to lay waterproofing from roofing material in 2-3 layers on its surface.
Video: building a barn on a concrete block base
Framing, roofing and wall cladding installation
Since the most common the way to build a barn is a frame structure, it is worth considering it. This design is popular because its installation is carried out quickly and quite simply. The main thing is to keep under constant control the evenness of the installed and stacked bars. Properly assembled and processed structure will reliably serve 10 ÷ 15 years. The work is carried out in stages.
- All wooden parts are recommended to be processed in order to prevent the processes of decomposition of wood, to prevent the appearance of foci of mold or fungus, insect nests on it.
- First you need to take four solid beams, with a section of approximately 150 × 150 mm, two of which are equal to the length and two to the width of the future structure. At their ends, grooves are selected for fastening wooden parts to each other. Further, these beams are laid on waterproofed foundation.
- The support beams are fastened together at the corners using metal corners. Next, they need to be fixed to the foundation with a through fastening or a metal corner.
- The construction of the wall frame can be carried out in two ways:
- each of the walls, taking into account windows and doors, is assembled in a horizontal position and installed vertically in finished form. But in this case, one cannot do without assistants;
- in the second option, each of the bars is installed separately according to a previously developed drawing, and then they are fastened together at the installation site. This method of connecting frame elements is much more complicated.
- The whole structure must be rigidtherefore, if necessary, perpendicular jumpers are installed in the frames of the walls, floor and ceiling.
- All parts are interconnected with a quarter or half-tree selection, fastened with special metal corners.
- It must be remembered that the front wall of the shed must be 200 ÷ 300 mm higher than the back, so that the roof has a slope.
- After erecting the frame of the walls and connecting them together, the roof lathing is arranged.
- The battens of the battens are fixed at a certain distance - it will depend on what material is chosen for the roof. For example, plywood sheets will have to be laid under a soft roof or tiles. But, basically, corrugated board, metal tiles or slate are used to cover outbuildings. The sheets of these materials are wide enough, so they are attached directly to the roof sheathing. In this case, the step of laying parallel bars in a horizontal orientation (perpendicular to the direction of the slope) should be about 500 — 600 mm.
- When the frame structure is covered with a roof, you can proceed to sheathing the floor and walls. Floorboards (if a wooden floor is planned) are laid on logs and fastened to them with self-tapping screws.
- Walls can be sheathed in two ways: only outside or both outside and inside.
1. If you want the building to look neat and fit well into the landscape design, it is sheathed on top with modern vinyl clapboard. Inside, plywood is used for sheathing.
If the shed will serve as a workshop in which it is planned to work until the very cold weather, the walls of the building can be additionally insulated with mineral wool. To do this, insulation mats are placed in the frame of the wall lathing between the lining and plywood.
2. If it was not planned to sheathe the barn from the inside, then from the outside it can be decorated with denser plywood or thick enough boards with grooves so that there are no gaps in the sheathing. However, the sheathing with a board with an overlap of the upper elements on the lower ones (like shingles) also looks quite original.
Shed, sheathed with boards according to the principle of "shingles"
- When the building is sheathed, window frames are installed in it, if windows are provided, a door frame and the door itself.
- If the shed was installed on a columnar foundation or concrete slabs, the lower through part of the structure (subfloor) must also be sheathed. Sheathing is fixed to poles or concrete slabs. As a sheathing, flat slate, ordinary boards or vinyl lining can be used.
- A gutter is fixed on the back of the roof to drain rainwater, otherwise water may leak under the barn, and this is undesirable for any building.
- Then you need to view the entire room from the inside, if gaps are found somewhere, they are sealed with mounting foam.
- If the barn is raised on a high foundation, then it is necessary to make a ladder of several steps. It can be made of wood or brick and then plastered with cement mortar.
Video: building a wooden shed on a solid foundation
There are many different options for building a barn, and they use different materials. But if the building is being built for more than one year, and you want it to serve for a long time, you need to choose high-quality materials for work, as well as carefully approach each stage of the process.
Very often in suburban areas there are questions about where to store certain materials and tools, sometimes a small utility block can be the best option, but for storing large items and large volumes of building materials, it is best to build a barn in the country. This type of construction allows you to solve several problems at once, and in the future it can be used for a variety of purposes.
Building types
Before you start preparing and designing, you need to decide on the material from which the country barn will be built. There are the following options that are used most often:
wooden structures | Classic, which has been used for several centuries. Almost any wood can be used for it, most often developers opt for an unedged board due to the fact that its price is in the most budget segment, and this significantly reduces the cost of the project |
Frame structures | This option differs from the previous one in that, first of all, a supporting frame is erected from a durable timber, which is subsequently sheathed with any material of your choice. It is important to build a solid frame, then in order to repair the barn, it will be enough for you to change the sheathing |
Block buildings | Gas silicate blocks are used very widely as a material for the construction of residential buildings and outbuildings. The advantages include a very reasonable cost and high durability of the structure, as well as impressive thermal insulation properties of the material, which allows you to spend minimal money on insulation |
brick sheds | The most solid and durable option, which is chosen by those who care about reliability and ensuring high fire-fighting properties. The disadvantages include the large weight of the structure, which requires a solid foundation and the complexity of the work, laying brickwork with your own hands without the appropriate skills is quite difficult |
Of course, there are ready-made options, many who install country houses from block containers, at the same time they order an outbuilding of this type, but this option, of course, will cost much more.
Most Popular Solutions
To fully describe the construction process, you will need a separate review for each of the options considered, so we will consider the most popular options in the form of a step-by-step guide.
Frame buildings
Instructions for carrying out this type of work are as follows:
- First, the optimal size of the shed in the country is determined, it is calculated individually in each case and depends on your needs.. But the building must have a margin of spaciousness, so that, if necessary, building materials for the house or crops from the garden can be easily accommodated there.
Important! The location of the structure on the site is very carefully determined, while it should be remembered that there are norms for the location: at least 4 meters from the fence, at least 8 meters from the house, and, depending on the material of construction, the distance to neighboring buildings should be from 6 to 15 meters.
- Next, the foundation is made, most often the option is used with a columnar foundation or installation of the structure on concrete supports in the form of tiles with sufficient strength. It all depends on the strength of the soil on your suburban area.
- A support system is assembled on the basis, a strong beam is used for it, capable of withstanding the weight of the entire future structure. It is worth paying special attention to this part of the work, since any flaws and miscalculations can lead to deformation.
- Next, the main frame is erected, while first wall structures with door and window openings are made, and then a truss system is arranged. Only after that further work is carried out.
- The next stage is the flooring, the installation of internal and external skins. If necessary, insulation is laid in the walls, this allows you to maintain a positive temperature in the building even in the worst frosts. You can make an original design of a barn in the country, using unusual sheathing and using interesting staining methods.
- Lastly, the roof is laid, the most budget option is ordinary slate, but you can use more attractive coatings - corrugated board, metal tiles or soft roofing.
Advice! In order for wooden buildings to serve much longer, it is important to treat them with protective coatings, the treatment must be repeated every few years to prevent damage to the material.
Building from blocks and bricks
The preparation process resembles the option described above - the optimal dimensions of the shed in the country and its location are determined in accordance with the standards.
During any construction on your land, whether it is a large cottage or a simple country house, several buildings appear in the depth of the site economic purpose. Household blocks (sheds) are small unheated multi-purpose buildings. In most cases, summer residents build a barn with their own hands. The article presented to the attention of readers will tell about the construction of a frame barn with their own hands, step-by-step instruction is also stated.
All buildings are planned when drawing up a construction project as soon as the developer has acquired a land plot for a summer residence. Usually inexpensive barn for a summer residence is built with your own hands. In the case when the barn is located near a residential building, it makes sense to use the same materials that were used in the construction of the house itself. For example, if the house is sheathed with siding, then you can use it for a barn so that it does not differ much and stands out. Can shed can build like a house.
But still, the main materials are wooden timber, edged and unedged boards, roofing material, ondulin or slate. It is not at all necessary to build a barn from expensive materials. Depending on the desire and ability of the developer, the hozblok can be built on a foundation or without a foundation. There are ready-made designs on the market. You can also build sheds from a pallet with your own hands. But this will take a lot of time, since any business executive will sell a pallet beyond repair.
Regardless of which option of the outbuilding is chosen, you must have the following set of tools: a hacksaw, a set of drills, an electric drill, a shovel, an ax, a planer, a screwdriver.
Planning
The construction of a utility block on your site will help solve several problems:
- The shed will be the storage for all the tools and inventory.
- It will become a place to store small-sized equipment.
- If desired, you can build a shower with a separate entrance.
And yet, how to make a barn with your own hands? To achieve everything you want, you need careful planning. You can build three separate buildings. You can combine everything in one building. It all depends on the desire of the owner of the land. Your cottage is a place for both rest and work. Therefore, the project needs o be sure to turn on the shower. This is in the event that the shower has not already been built earlier.
When building a barn in the country with your own hands, you should not proceed from the fact that the barn must be made inconspicuous. No need to strive to build a barn with the least amount of labor. Thanks to work and diligence, you can build a wonderful hozblok in a summer cottage, which will not yield in beauty to the house itself. But the first step is to draw up a project for a barn, in which to provide for all sizes. This is necessary in order not to buy excess construction materials.
When drawing a drawing, you need to think about the number of necessary separate rooms with their own autonomous entrance, the size of these rooms and the height of the barn itself. In addition, it must be remembered that the structure must meet the following requirements:
- It should be at least one meter from the border of the site.
- Convenience of electricity, water supply and sanitation. Water supply and sanitation is necessary if the developer planned a shower.
- Reliability and durability of the structure.
In the case when the developer for some reason cannot draw up a plan for the future building, then you can use the Internet. There he will find drawings of sheds for every taste. There, especially for those people who cannot draw a plan, many place ready-made drawings. It is necessary to choose from the whole variety of plans, only the one where there is no toilet. When planning building it is recommended to place an outdoor toilet in the far corner of your site.
Choice of hozblok options
The easiest way is to build a wooden barn without a foundation with an earthen floor. Cheap and fast. It is only necessary to dig six or eight pillars around the perimeter of the structure. Nail the upper and lower veins of the boards with a section of 150 mm by 50 mm. Sheathe with "inch" boards. Mount the roof with a slight slope, cover with roofing material. And finally, make and hang the gate for the barn. This type of shed is more suitable for storing machinery such as walk-behind tractor, wheel mower, concrete mixers and so on.
To store household property, inventory and tools, a summer shower device, a hozblok should be erected using frame technology on a light, shallow strip foundation. On sandy soils, the foundation can be made columnar or from several reinforced concrete blocks. On a strip reinforced foundation, you can about to assemble a frame hozblok even on loose soils.
Before the construction of the foundation, it is necessary to clear the site of debris and vegetation. Dig a trench if a strip foundation is planned. When constructing a foundation from individual blocks, it is necessary to dig holes larger by ten to twenty centimeters of the blocks themselves. In trenches or pits arrange sand cushions about twenty centimeters thick. Sand must be carefully compacted. The next step is the construction of the formwork. For formwork, boards with a thickness of 50 mm should be used. For reinforcement, rods with a diameter of 10 to 14 millimeters are used. For pouring the tape, concrete grade B-20 is recommended.
The procedure for assembling a frame barn
On the finished foundation for waterproofing, roofing material is laid in two layers. Then the lower rectangular frame (lower trim) is assembled from a 10 mm by 15 mm beam. The bars are connected to each other in half a tree with the help of nails. The frame is attached to the foundation with anchor bolts.
Next stage- fastening lags for the floor. Edged boards with a section of 50 mm by 150 mm are laid on the edge with an equal spacing. They are attached to the bottom trim with metal corners.
The frame of the walls of the barn is assembled using the "platform" technology. The floor is laid on the logs and the frame is already mounted on the platform. The floor can be made of thick moisture-resistant plywood, boards, OSB. The assembly of the frame frame is made on the floor, and then rises. It is recommended to install corner frames first. To stiffen the entire structure, the corner frames must be reinforced with jibs.
The entire frame is assembled from boards with a section of 150 mm by 50 mm. You can also use boards with a section of 100 mm by 50 mm. Distance between posts over 600 mm. The raised walls of the house are firmly nailed to the strapping beam with nails no shorter than 200 millimeters long. Vertically installed walls from above are tied with boards in two rows. Openings for windows and doors are made of double boards, since the load on the racks in these places is greater.
The walls outside are recommended to be sheathed with a board, the thickness of which is not more than 25 millimeters or clapboard. Can be sheathed with plywood. Porches-steps are made before each entrance to the barn. In front of the opening into the room, where, according to the project, a room for storing wheeled vehicles is planned, instead of steps, a rise from the ground to the required height is constructed. Then doors and gates are hung.
Roof device
During the construction of a barn house it is not necessary to make a ceiling. It is enough to mount the roof. They are made for the country barn mainly lean-to. You can also build a gable roof.
Easier build a pitched roof, since here the truss system is simple for installation. Before the construction of the truss system begins, to create a slight slope, two boards must be nailed to the upper trim. The boards selected for the rafters are laid on edge. It should be noted that the overhang must be at least thirty centimeters. The rafters are attached to the upper trim with metal corners. They are mounted on a crate of edged boards with a thickness of 25 mm in increments of forty centimeters. And the final step is the roof. Ondulin is better suited as a roofing material, as it is lighter than slate.
Outdoor wooden toilet
Toilet can be built on site various kinds. There are quite a few options, so you should proceed from the following criteria. Design is influenced by:
- the size of the developer's budget;
- estimated operational load of the toilet;
- ground water height.
Building an outdoor bathroom with your own hands is not so difficult. Here sewer system replaced by a hole of appropriate depth. In it, waste is disposed of by absorption through the soil and evaporation.
Many developers of their sites prefer structures made of wooden boards. The construction of a wood frame is simple and the cost is small.
In the selected corner of the summer cottage, a hole is dug at least two meters deep. When choosing a place, one must take into account the fact that, according to SNiP, all outbuildings in the country should be one or more meters away from the border of the site.
Pit walls reinforced with wooden shields. This is done so that the earth does not crumble inward. Along the edges of the pit, a base is constructed from a beam with a section of 15 cm by 15 cm. Logs for the floor are mounted on this kind of wooden foundation. The whole technology of building a toilet cabin is identical to the construction of a frame house. Only the materials are smaller. For cross-beams and racks, boards with a thickness of 25 millimeters can be used. Make jibs from a bar with a section of 20 mm by 50 mm. You can also sheathe a booth from a thin board.
One of the most sought-after elements of private households or simply summer cottages is nothing more than a barn. Some people prefer to call this building a utility block, however, its essence does not change at all. The function of the described structure is to store a variety of country tools, for example, gardening tools, as well as various products. The design of such a structure is quite simple, and its dimensions can be called modest, because anyone who wishes is able to build a barn with their own hands, as well as making a list of necessary building materials. Meanwhile, it is worth carefully studying the theoretical component of this issue, so as not to subsequently encounter negative consequences own incompetence.
The main task is the selection of the optimal material
As you know, more than half of the success in the construction business depends on the choice of material. The operational, technical and aesthetic properties of the product determine not only the complexity of the planned work, but also the scope of the structure itself. In addition, the operational life of the building largely depends on the building material.
Follow the traditions
Despite the fact that suburban housing construction is gaining more and more popularity every year, it is worth noting that people have always tried to acquire at least modest, but charmingly functional real estate outside the city limits. Thus, today a certain tradition has formed in the choice of building materials for such buildings as a barn. So, in the domestic market you will be offered the following options:
- Wood. Well, this decision is fair to call the most simple and common. The structure in this case is built within a couple of days, and you can lay inexpensive slate or even roofing material as a roof.
Create a project
Before proceeding directly to the implementation of construction operations, it is necessary to carefully develop a project for the future building. If the project involves the presence of a foundation, then you will have to contact the relevant authorities to register the building. In this case, it is better to enlist the support of professionals, it can be both design and construction organizations. If you refuse the foundation, then you can safely skip the stage with registration at the BTI and proceed to the development of the drawing. With the help of the finished drawing, you will also be able to easily calculate how many materials you will need to bring the project to life.
A well-designed drawing is the key to your success
Remember that the calculations are carried out mainly on an individual basis. However, for convenience, you can take the standard parameters: 3x3, 3x4, 3x6, 5x5 meters.
Not at the expense of functionality
The wide functionality of the premises is what you should strive for when creating a building project. Of course, the number and purpose of the rooms varies depending on the function of the barn itself. However, as a rule, such buildings have a certain set of zones for such purposes:
- workshop, storage room for tools;
- warehouse for construction and gardening supplies;
- a special room in which to mono place a trailer, walk-behind tractor and similar equipment;
- summer bath or additional shower;
- a room that contains firewood, hoses and other items.
For many things that we keep in the summer cottage, a dry and safe place is necessary. Otherwise, the storage process will quickly nullify performance characteristics devices or products, which, in turn, will entail unnecessary financial costs.
Making a list of materials and tools
In this case, everything depends largely on the functional purpose of the hozblok. However, even if you plan to create the most ordinary woodcutter with your own hands, then you will need a standard set of fixtures:
- a screwdriver or its automated analogue - a screwdriver;
- drill;
- roulette;
- construction plumb;
- several hammers of different sizes;
- a shovel to dig a pit if you are pouring a foundation;
- hydraulic level.
If the scheme of your hozblok is designed to use corrugated board as the main building material, then you also need to acquire, in addition to the corrugated board itself, also profile pipes, which will become the source for the building frame.
Main stages of work
So, it's no secret to anyone that with a careful and competent breakdown of the entire process of erecting an architectural and functional structure at certain stages, you can achieve much more good result. Since the price factor is one of the main ones when choosing a building material for a structure, we can, as an example, consider the technology of building a utility block from a metal profile. You have to carry out the following types of work:
- Foundation pouring. The most popular solution in this matter is a strip foundation with a slight depth. It will be enough to dig a pit, the depth of which will be about three meters.
- In the process of preparing the pit, in parallel, you should dig a trench of small depth, 30 centimeters is enough. Reinforcement bars are placed in the trench, which are subsequently poured with concrete mortar.
- Creation of the construction floor. Here you can save money and lay a beam on a belt of reinforced beams, and lay wooden flooring on top. If there is no need for special savings, then install factory slabs, install formwork elements and high-quality reinforced concrete floors.
- Frame installation. As a building material, you can take a tree or pipes from a profile. First install the bottom trim, then mount the first layer of the selected product. Fasten the parts with anchor bolts.
- Installation of the main building material. If you want to make your shed “for centuries”, then at this stage it is worth contacting specialists who will help you install the product sheets in the best way.
- Floor filling. The most commonly used cement mortar. It is also possible with wood laying for a more aesthetic interior.
- Remember to install windows and doors in the proper places before installing the roof.
- The final stage is laying.
The last stage of work is laying the roof from the material of your choice
If in doubt about own forces, ask for advice from more experienced workers. They will be happy to help you not only with the development of a structure diagram, but also with the subsequent stages of preparation, as well as directly with the implementation of the plan in practice.
The first building that should appear on a built-up or summer cottage is a utility block. More often it is simply called a shed. What is it for? What is the advantage of having it? How can you use it in your area? What can it be built from? And how can you build a frame hozblok with your own hands?
Building a separate hozblok - what is the advantage?
A barn or utility block is a non-residential building on a site where you can store various kinds of property, which include garden and country equipment, carpentry tools, conservation. In the hozblok provide a place to store firewood, an additional area for keeping poultry and storing food for it. Such an outbuilding is good as a crop storage, workshop or as a summer kitchen.
Some, when erecting utility blocks, also provide a toilet and a shower in the layout. It's nice when, after exhausting work in the garden or garden, there is an opportunity to take a refreshing shower. For a family that often visits the country in the summer, such a structure is most welcome.
The hozblok is especially needed if there is nothing else on the site besides it - a garden and a garden. In the summer heat, you can hide from the sun in it, and in unexpected rain, the hozblok will not let you get wet. If in the future it is planned to build a residential building on the site, then the barn can also be a change house for builders, in which their tools can be stored.
What to build a hozblok from?
Today hozbloki build from different building materials. One of them is foam blocks. In Russia, it has been used recently, in Europe - in use for almost a hundred years. The foam block hozblok is warm, suitable for keeping pets, in terms of heat and sound insulation it is practically not inferior to a wooden shed. The thickness of 20 cm contributes to this.
There are disadvantages:
- under the foam block shed you need a good foundation;
- they are afraid of water, so protection from the absorption of water by foam blocks is needed from below;
- do not accept concrete slab ceilings. However, there is a lot of honor for the barn.
Another option is to build a utility block from a metal profile. Metal profile of the LSTK system (light steel thin-walled structures) - good stuff to build a shed. It is lightweight, durable and easy to install. This metal profile is used in frame construction, an analogue of wooden frames.
And if we talk about the hozblok from corrugated board, then this is a barn erected by the frame method from a wooden bar and sheathed on the outside with a profiled galvanized sheet, which can be painted in different colors.
But the most famous and accessible, understandable to most, the method of erecting a utility block is a frame one. How to perform? It is worth considering the phased process of this construction.
Phased construction of a frame outbuilding
Foundation preparation
Having marked out a place for a barn, it is necessary to remove the entire upper fertile soil layer, 15-20 cm deep, on the marked area and, having leveled it, compact the area. Then a layer of sand of 10 cm is added and rammed again. Holes in the ground with a diameter of 20 cm and a depth of 120 cm are drilled under the column foundation at four corners and in the middle of the wide sides of the future building. A pillar under the foundation will be installed in these holes. Its length should be 120 cm.
At the bottom of each hole under the pillars, a layer of sand or gravel is poured and compacted. Then asbestos-cement pipes are lowered there (they are hollow), with the help of a level their vertical is set and fixed by pouring and tamping sand.
The next step is to fill the pillars. One third of the internal volume of the pipe is filled with mortar, after which the pipe must be raised by 10-15 cm so that the cement mortar poured inside fills the bottom. This will create a concrete base that is larger in diameter than the pipe. With this design of the foundation, heaving of the soil will not harm it.
After all this is done with all the pillars, you need to wait 2-3 days. We must not forget about the vertical of the pillars.
When the voids of each of the pillars are filled, from above you need to insert a mortgage from the reinforcement, with a diameter of 10 mm, immersing it in cement mixture 150 mm. Twenty centimeters should protrude from the pipe. This reinforcement will fix the assembled grillage. The columnar foundation must stand for at least two weeks.
Grillage
The grillage is called the frame, the basis of the structure. It is assembled from bars, the cross section of which is 150 by 150 mm. The bars must be treated with an antiseptic, flame retardant and two layers of drying oil. They are connected to each other half a tree. In each connection, the bars should be fixed with four wood screws. Before installing the frame, roofing felt is laid on the foundation to prevent moisture from being absorbed into the wood. Next, logs are installed from bars with a section of 100 by 100 mm. The spacing of the lag in relation to each other is 1.35 m.
barn frame
To build a hozblok frame, you need a beam of 150 by 150 mm and 100 by 100 mm. On the front of the building you need to put a beam with a height of 3000 mm, and for the back wall - 2400-2500 mm. This is necessary to create a subsequent shed roof.
First, the end walls of the building are assembled, each of which will have a window opening. Racks that will be exposed at the corners should be planted on the protruding reinforcement from the grillage, which, in turn, was mounted on the reinforcement of the columnar foundation. Each beam must be set strictly vertically, taking into account window openings and entrance doors. In addition to the bars at the corners, two more bars should be added to the end frame. On the front and rear frame walls, there should also be at least two beams, and preferably four. Between them, for greater rigidity, slanted bars are mounted. Between the second and third beams on the end walls, the upper and lower jumpers are mounted under the opening of the future window.
When installing the front wall, vertical posts must be set on the basis that the opening under the front door must be at least 850 mm and at least 2000 mm high. This opening should be in the middle of the front wall. This is exactly the distance between the additional bars, in addition to those that were mounted in the corners.
rafters
The next step is - the installation of rafters from a bar 100 by 50 mm 1 meter long exceeding the width of the building. This is done taking into account the fact that the beam of the rafters will protrude 30 cm behind, and 70 cm in front. The step between the rafters is 85 cm. Then a film or hydro-barrier is pulled over the rafters. On the rafters, on top of the hydrobarrier, a 25 mm rail is perpendicularly stuffed in increments of 40 cm. Then, slate can be laid on this structure by nailing it.
Sheathing and finishing
The whole building is completed by sheathing with facing material from the outside. They can perfectly serve as corrugated board. We must not forget that outside, before installing the corrugated board, the entire frame must be tightened with a hydrobarrier. Inside, it is necessary to insulate the walls with mineral wool and sew them up with chipboard. The same applies to the ceiling. The carpentry is installed, the floor is mounted along the logs from the board and the utility block is ready.
When starting such a project, you need to learn a lot, read a lot in order to build a hozblok with your own hands. It's not easy on your own. Perhaps a long time. But this is an experience that can still come in handy.
Video with the successive stages of building a hozblok on your own: