How to adjust the regulator on the battery. Why is it beneficial? Electrical and electronic systems
Electronic thermostat
Along with food and water, the preservation of heat can be called the main vital need of a person. It has long been engaged in the search for sources of water, food and shelter. And when he found a home, he thought about heating it. At first it was an open fire. But as man developed, he improved the world around him, including the heating of the dwelling, or, speaking modern language, heating.
One of the main tasks at the same time was the regulation of heat costs depending on the needs. This is how the first mechanical heating temperature controller appeared. Before that, a person carried out this process manually, putting more or less firewood into the fire.
Temperature controller - is it necessary?
With savings, everything is clear - the device is needed. But here's what's interesting: the regulation of the amount of heat is primarily dictated not by economic considerations, but by safety. In the old days, a person, maintaining heat from a fire, could not throw all the brushwood prepared for the night at one time. Because the release of heat would exceed the required level, and a fire could occur. It's okay with fuel, it's not a problem to prepare, but a fire ... As new energy sources, such as gas and oil, are used, the issue of temperature control has become key.
Temperature controllers and their types
The thermostat is an automatic device that regulates the temperature of the coolant depending on the specified or directly measured external parameters. It is used in absolutely all heating systems as a device built into thermal appliances, or as an autonomous device, including emergency. In especially important, fire hazardous, explosive cycles and industries, such systems are implemented with multi-level duplication. Consider some types of temperature control devices for domestic use. They are distinguished by several parameters:
- According to the parameters of regulation - mechanical, electrical, electronic.
- On a scope - room, household, industrial, emergency.
- By type of sensors - digital, analog.
- By functionality - programmable, adjustable, remote control.
- According to the installation method - mounted in the coolant main, in the heater, independent.
As an energy source in modern systems heating are used:
- Electricity
- Oil products
- Coal
- Wood
According to the type of heat carrier, heating is divided into:
- Water
- Air
- Steam
- Combined
Temperature control in water heating systems
Programmable controllers
This is the most common heating option, where water is used as a heat carrier, and anything can be used as an energy source. The principle of operation of such a system is as follows. The heat carrier (water) is heated in heating devices or complexes due to the combustion of gas, oil products, coal, wood, organic waste products, biogas and others.
Through the heat mains, the heated water enters the thermal heating devices, and after partial or complete heat transfer, it returns back to the beginning of the cycle. The regulation of the parameters of the coolant is carried out directly in the heating and thermal devices. In large systems, the measurement of parameters and their regulation is carried out at several technologically important points.
Temperature controllers for water heating systems
Any electric heater has its own built-in thermal regulator. It allows you not only to change the temperature of the coolant depending on your desire or external parameters, but also to avoid emergency mode - boiling water. The value of the optimal parameters of the coolant in the heating device is determined by the manufacturer. In accordance with this, the devices are equipped with a regulating mechanism.
Important! Exceeding the temperature of the coolant more than the permissible value (boiling) leads to an accident.
Regulating mechanisms installed directly on heating devices can be called individual. They allow you to adjust the thermal parameters directly at the inlet to each heating device (radiator).
Appearance of the individual control valve
They are installed directly in the coolant supply line to the heater. Regulation is carried out by reducing - increasing the supply of coolant to the radiator, depending on the set value. The temperature value is set by turning the control head of the control valve, where there are divisions. These valves operate autonomously without requiring any additional connections. The mechanical temperature sensor is built directly into the valve body. Such regulators are characterized by low price and reliability. Such a valve valve looks like this:
Important! If necessary, you can completely shut off the coolant supply to a specific heater. At the same time, the entire complex continues to operate as planned.
The main manufacturers of such products are:
- Danfoss (Russia - Denmark)
- Broen (Denmark)
- Itap (Italy)
Electric and electronic controllers for water heating systems
Attention! All electrical appliances in heating systems must be reliably grounded!
Such regulators as autonomous ones are used in large branched heating systems for process automation and as emergency systems. In small domestic systems, they are used as equipment built into heating appliances (boilers, columns, water heaters).
Digital scoreboard
The principle of their operation is based on changing the fuel supply depending on the parameters - external and coolant. Moreover, in modern heating devices, the temperature is regulated by several parameters, and not only by the set and actual temperature in the premises. It depends on:
- Outdoor air temperatures
- Time of day
- Seasons
- Space heating zones
- Humidity in the room
- External commands
- individual programs
Temperature control can be performed by a processor built into the heating system according to pre-set programs, or by commands from outside, for example, from a mobile phone.
Temperature control in electric heating systems
In electric heating options, temperature control is based on the same principles as in water ones:
- safety
- reliability,
- convenience and practicality
Picking up any electrical device, we will find a temperature controller in one form or another. Even irons and electric kettles are no exception, not to mention large and complex appliances.
Attention! Overheating of any electrical appliance may cause it to ignite.
Temperature controllers in electric heating systems
Digital controllers
As in other systems, electrical ones compare the actual parameter of the coolant temperature with the given one. Depending on these and other indicators, the temperature of the heating elements of the installation is regulated. AT electric heating temperature controllers are installed in heating devices where a heat carrier is used, in autonomous heating devices, in complexes autonomous heating and heating.
Electric heaters with heat carrier
Such devices include:
- Electric boilers
- Electric flow heaters
- Boilers
- Oil heaters
- Drying and heating appliances
In any such device there is a system for automatically controlling the temperature of the coolant. The coolant can be water, organic oil or air. Manufacturers themselves are interested in the production of reliable heating technology. Among them are:
- RusNIT (Russia)
- "Beretta" (Italy)
- "Ariston" (Italy)
- Bosch (Germany)
Important! When choosing an electric heater must be guided by its safety and reliability.
Autonomous heating and heating systems. "Warm floor"
The simplest type of controller
The leader among such systems, of course, is the so-called "warm floor". But we should not forget about other similar systems: heating of roofs and gutters, heating of sidewalks and roads, and other elements of the facade. In fact, such options consist of a temperature controller with sensors and a special heating cable. various kinds or films. The principle of their operation is very simple: the device, depending on set parameters controls the current flowing into the cable. And the cable warms up the floor surface. A special sensor measures the temperature and generates an electrical signal, transmitting it to the regulator. Depending on the difference between the set and actual thermal parameters, the controller controls the current values in the heating cable. The "warm floor" system uses different types regulators:
- Analog
- Digital
- Programmable
- non-programmable
- Their varieties
Analog regulators are the simplest type of non-programmable regulators. The most inexpensive and easy to install and use thermal controller. It allows you to set the desired temperature value and turn the system on or off as a whole. These devices are reliable and very easy to use.
Programmable option
Digital regulators have a light or liquid crystal information display - indicator. They have more features than mechanical analog controllers, but, like them, they are not programmable. Programmable regulators are distinguished by great opportunities for setting up various programs of the system. Of their shortcomings, it is worth noting the relatively high cost and some programming difficulties. The main manufacturers of underfloor heating systems are:
- "Devi" (Denmark)
- Teplolux (Russia)
- National Comfort (Russia)
- "Nexans" (Norway)
- ABB (Switzerland)
Outcome
Life is moving forward, technology is improving, so it is sometimes difficult to make a choice against the backdrop of a huge number of proposals. But having knowledge and information greatly simplifies the task. This is especially important when the choice concerns safe and reliable things.
Undoubtedly, adjusting the heating temperature is very important point, especially at the present time, when instability reigns and constant price increases, especially for utilities. In addition, after all, all owners of any heating system you always want to see good heat dissipation and efficient heating of your premises.
Heating temperature controller
That is why reducing heating costs and optimizing the system is a good practice that will help you save. Many people think about how to balance the heating system, how to control the degree of heat transfer from the radiators, depending on what climate is now in your room.
There are several proven ways to do this:
- Supply of network water from heat generating installations with a temperature that corresponds to a schedule calculated for different conditions and external factors.
- Regulation of the water temperature when supplied to each specific room or a separate building by an automatic device that operates from the readings of sensors installed inside or outside the building.
- Heating temperature controller for each battery.
Why is it beneficial?
Using a heating temperature controller is a fairly profitable option. And there are several reasons for this:
- The temperature controller, unlike other devices, controls the temperature right at the place where the batteries are installed, and not the general average in a certain room, so you can get a uniform temperature background that will surely satisfy you.
- The regulator will help you avoid overheating of the air in the room, which occurs if the room is heated by the sun. And sensors installed on centralized automation can very rarely track such a situation.
- You can adjust the temperature according to a special scheme for each individual room. For example, if you practically do not use a certain room, then you can set the water consumption in the batteries to the very minimum, and where you visit most of all, on the contrary, increase it.
If using shut-off valve
Sometimes, thinking about how to adjust the heating, users put ordinary taps on batteries. Of course, this is a cheap way, but here you will not have several useful advantages that regulators provide:
- The crane functions only in the "open-close" mode. Therefore, when you use it, you can easily disrupt the steady flow in your heating system, and even stop or air the risers. Balancing the heating system with a regulator can only reduce the flow of the coolant and not shut it off completely.
- Batteries are manually adjusted with taps - and this is your additional time. The regulator will work fully automatically, you only need to set the required temperature on the scale.
- When regulating heating with taps, it is impossible to achieve a certain temperature regime. And adjusting the heating system with modern devices is accuracy and efficiency.
The principle of operation of the regulator
So, the heating controller is locking device, which is installed at the water inlet to heating appliances.
The regulation of the extension of the stem and the through hole is realized by means of pressure on it by a bellows with a gas or liquid with a large coefficient of expansion from temperature. To return the stem to the opposite position, a spring is placed, and in order to regulate the degree of opening, a compensation mechanism with a scale is made.
The heating system is adjusted as follows:
- The liquid in the bellows is heated by the effect of temperature - the higher the temperature, the longer it becomes, presses on the stem and covers the water supply to the battery.
- With the help of a drum with a scale of the compensation system, it is possible to adjust the degree of initial elongation of the bellows, it is in contact with the stem. Yes, put temperature regime, above which the regulators cover the water supply to the battery.
- With a reduced water consumption, the heat output from the batteries decreases, the air in the room cools down. The temperature of the liquid in the bellows also decreases and no longer presses on the stem. The stem under the action of the return spring returns to its upper position, the extended valve fungus again increases the flow of heat carrier through the radiators.
How to install the regulator correctly
In order for the hydraulic balancing of the heating system to be installed correctly, you do not need special knowledge, just keep in mind a few characteristic points:
- The balancing valve in the heating system crashes into the battery at the supply, and not at the output;
- The conditional diameter of the passage of the device must be equal to the diameter of the supply pipes;
- If you have several radiators in your room connected in series, then you do not need to put the device on each of them separately - you can simply control the flow at the inlet of the first one. If you have a one-pipe system or each battery is connected to a separate riser, then a separate balancing of the heating system of a private house of each battery is required;
- When installing the device, its head, where the bellows is located, must necessarily be located horizontally so that stagnant zones do not appear around it. Also, the head should be blown with air from the room, and not from pipes. In addition, it will be more convenient to put the regulation of the heating system in the required position. For this, it is impossible for the head to be covered with curtains or various decorations;
- In order for the heating control to work correctly, the head of the device should not fall under the direct rays of the sun.
Types of regulators
In modern times, you can find a lot of types of heating regulators - there are many models, depending on the degree of control and on your heating system.
The regulator can be direct-acting (head and valve) and with a temperature control sensor.
Adjusting the heating system of a private house of direct action is the use of the simplest device. It is placed near the radiator, and the regulation process takes place as follows: a sealed cylinder is placed as part of the thermostatic element. A siphon with a liquid or gaseous substance is placed in it. These substances react to the temperature coming from the heating element. As the regulator heats up, the liquid or gas expands and pushes against the valve stem. It blocks the flow of the coolant.
Mechanical regulator
In order to understand why you need to use heating temperature controllers, you need to remember the structure of utility costs. Let's imagine the summer months - a certain part of the costs goes to paying bills for rent, water and gas, but most takes relatively expensive electricity. However, in winter, everything changes - a decrease in air temperature leads to the forefront of paying for heating, regardless of its type and arrangement scheme. And this is true, because you can not save on your own health, which also depends on the presence of a comfortable temperature in the room. However, this applies to winter, but what happens in the warmer autumn and spring months?
As a rule, the heating system during this period operates with the same performance as in winter period. This is fundamentally wrong, since in this case the owner incurs increased costs for the production of unnecessary heat, and also incurs losses due to increased wear of the boilers. In order to prevent such a negative effect, thermostats have been developed that are necessary to change the heating temperature in a particular room. Such a regulator is a device that is able to change the operating parameters of the heating device, as well as change the configuration of the circuit, depending on various factors.
Thanks to this, it becomes possible to significantly reduce the power consumption in the heating system, reducing the cost of purchasing energy resources, as well as preventing premature boiler failure. In addition, using the heating temperature controller, which you can easily install yourself on a certain section of the highway, you can completely disconnect your batteries from the general circuit. As a result, you will get a significant decrease in room temperature. And it will also give you the opportunity to dismantle the batteries for replacement or maintenance without stopping the entire heating complex.
Exists great amount varieties in which thermostats are produced. In order to understand which regulator is most rational to use in each specific case, it is necessary to consider their main groups.
Mechanical regulators of water heating
As a rule, a mechanical regulator is a valve with manual control, which is carried out by turning a special head. On the handle there are divisions that indicate the degree of accessibility of the pipeline for the coolant. Zero means that the battery is completely disconnected from the heating system, and 6,9,10, MAX (depending on the manufacturer) - the free flow of water, providing a significant increase in temperature. Using intermediate divisions printed on thermostats, you can achieve optimum temperature indoors, and when using several radiators at once - separate "climatic zones".
Regulator device
Of course, such a control principle can only be used in two-pipe, beam or "Leningrad" heating systems, since, by reducing the power consumption for heating the battery, the regulator shuts off the water supply, which in single pipe systems passes sequentially through all heating devices. The result of the shutdown of normal circulation will be the complete shutdown of the heating system throughout the house, and in the case of using a hydraulic pump, an uncontrolled increase in pressure, leading to an accident. The mechanical regulator must be installed in two-pipe circuits and their analogues directly in front of the battery or in the branch section after leaving the central line.
Note! When installing a mechanical regulator in the "Leningrad", it is worthwhile to calculate in advance the possibility of an unhindered flow of the coolant through the bypass pipeline. If its characteristics do not allow to work with the complete shutdown of several batteries, maintaining normal pressure, it should be refrained from using it.
The advantages of mechanical type devices are obvious. With their help, you can fine-tune the temperature in each room separately, ensuring the formation of individual climatic zones. Moreover, their number can significantly exceed the number of rooms in the house. However, such a regulator also has its drawbacks. In addition to the impossibility described above for use in single-pipe circuits, constant monitoring of pressure is necessary, which can increase significantly when most of the heating appliances. Moreover, as the temperature changes environment you will have to walk around the house, again changing the mode of operation of each of the elements of the system.
Electrical and electronic systems
Simple digital version
AT recent times automatic and semi-automatic heating temperature control systems, which are electrically driven thermostats, are gaining more and more popularity. Such devices fall into two categories:
- One includes those that are designed to control the temperature of a battery or a separate line branch.
- In the other - necessary to adjust the power of the boilers, on which the efficiency of work also depends closed circuit heating.
In addition, among them there are simple thermostatic devices and controlled by electronics, which provides the ability to program the operating modes of the system.
Ordinary electric regulator for a radiator or a separate ring, it works on the same principle as a mechanical device. The difference is that it can automatically change the position of the valve to maintain a constant temperature set by the user. And this is its main advantage. The disadvantages include limited exposure and the need for a permanent connection to the power supply.
The thermostatic device needed to control the temperature of the boilers is fundamentally different from it. In it, a change in the heating characteristics is achieved not by adjusting the volume of the coolant, but by changing the fuel supply to the combustion chamber or the power of the electric heater. Thanks to this, it can quickly change the performance of the entire line when the weather or air temperature changes. And also be used in a single-circuit scheme that does not accept overlapping of the pipeline even in one section.
Attention! In a water heating system, all electrical appliances must be carefully grounded to avoid harm to human health.
Programmable Device
An electronically controlled regulator can be a topic for a separate study, but we will consider its main features in a nutshell. The use of a complex scheme, consisting of modern technology and software, allows him to smoothly change the boiler power or the position of the valves that determine the coolant flow rate according to a given program.
In addition, it can autonomously control the heating system, analyzing indicators such as:
- Season.
- Times of Day.
- Humidity.
- Ambient temperature.
- The presence of people in the room (using motion sensors).
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