Downhole pumps. The principle of operation and the nuances of operating a centrifugal pump
Autonomous water supply is the dream of almost every inhabitant of our country. This is due to the quality of water in the central system, which is getting worse and worse every year.
And the first issue that needs to be resolved when arranging a water well is the choice of a pump. After all, it is he who will be required to transport water from the ground to consumers.
The main purpose of these power units is to supply water from a well to a pipeline network.
Their choice will largely determine the parameters of the organization of the entire water supply system. Depending on this, there is a certain division of pumps according to several criteria.
Installation location:
- deep. As the name implies, they plunge directly into the column of a water well and supply water from there;
- superficial. They can be installed both in close proximity to a water source, and in a specially organized place - a pumping chamber;
Operating principle:
- centrifugal. It consists of several rotating diffusers that create pressure in the pipe;
- vortex. Pumping occurs by rotating the impeller;
- screw. This is a rotary type pump in which the required pressure is created by driven screws;
- vibrating. In his device there is a plastic diaphragm, the movement of which pushes a certain amount of liquid to the surface.
Each of these types of pumping equipment has a number of advantages and distinctive features. In order to understand the specifics of their application, it is necessary to consider the principle of operation of all the above units.
Submersible
This type of pumping equipment is part of common system water supply. It is installed directly into the well and constantly stays in the water.
To connect it, it is necessary to run an electrical cable in a waterproof sheath.
There are several ways to activate submersible pumps:
- manual. A control unit with a button or switch is installed on the surface, which turn on the mechanism;
- automatic start from tank filling sensors (float in the storage tank), or when the pressure in the accumulator drops. This is the most applicable method, as it fully automates the operation of the entire system.
When choosing a deep pump, you should be very careful about its characteristics. They must fully match the parameters of the well and the method of controlling the device.
The most important of them are:
- performance. It shows the volume of water that the device can pump over a certain time - m³ / hour;
- head value - characterizes the ability of the pump to raise the water table by a certain number of meters. In this case, one should take into account not only the depth of the well, but also the horizontal sections of the water supply. Their calculation is done in a ratio of 1:10. Those. if the well is 20 m deep, and the value of the horizontal part of the pipeline is 15 m, then the minimum head value must be at least 20+15/10=21.5 m;
- composition of water. It is necessary to take into account the composition of the water in the well. There is a special borehole pump for dirty water, which can filter and pump liquid without prejudice to its condition. But there are also models for which the presence of small particles is detrimental - there is a rapid wear of the mechanism.
Modern designations of these parameters on pumps are as follows - 30/28. Those. the pump model is capable of pumping 30 m³ / h with a current head of water column of 28 m. This is called the operating point of the equipment.
Now, knowing the technical characteristics of the choice, it is worth starting to analyze the pumps according to the principle of operation.
Centrifugal
The principle of operation of a centrifugal or self-priming pump is based on the creation of a turbulent water flow by rotating one or more diffusers.
Photo: centrifugal well pump
Due to the fact that the planes of the diffusers are turned in the opposite direction from the rotation of the rotor, there is an intensive suction of the liquid into the intake pipe.
Principle of operation:
- when the blades rotate, excess pressure is formed, as a result of which the water begins to move;
- after a certain amount of it has passed up the pipeline, due to the same pressure, the next batch of water enters the pump housing;
- then the cycle repeats.
This type of equipment is one of the most popular in the organization simple systems water supply. Centrifugal borehole pumps belong to an affordable price category, easy to install and connect.
However, they also have disadvantages with this outfit:
- low mechanical strength of the diffuser. If there are contaminants in the water (sand, debris, etc.), the diffuser can quickly fail. Therefore, it is recommended to first equip the well with a bottom filter;
- before the first start-up, there must already be water in the pump cavity. Otherwise, there will be no flow of liquid to the surface.
Vortex
The device of vortex pump models includes several components.
Photo: vortex pump
For its normal operation, a constant supply of air from the outside is required. When the impeller rotates, a mixture of air masses and the working fluid located in the unit casing is created.
After the resulting mixture enters the working chamber, it is separated, as a result of which air exits through the supply pipe, and working fluid starts circulation in the chamber.
This creates an artificial vacuum, which initiates the suction of water from the well.
This type of pumps is characterized by low efficiency and can be used for wells with small depths.
screw
The main working part of this device is a screw pair, consisting of a stator and a rotor.
Photo: screw well pump
The stator is straight and connected directly to the motor. The connection point is securely isolated. Through a transmission pair rotational movements are transferred to the stator, which in its shape is close to the screw.
A distinctive feature of this equipment is a fairly large self-priming rate - up to 10 m.
But at the same time, their use is limited to a depth of immersion - up to 15 m. This is a very reliable mechanism that can ensure the pumping of a large volume of water.
Vibrating
This type of pump belongs to the equipment of the inertial type of action.
Photo: vibration pumpThe principle of its operation is based on fluid fluctuations due to changes in the geometry of the working chamber of the device. This is due to the movement of the piston rod, which, when exposed to alternating current, begins its movement.
In this case, a water hammer is created in the chamber, as a result of which the water begins to move in the pump tank.
When the pump is connected to the mains, the armature attracts a magnet located on the rod. Since the voltage in the network has a sinusoidal shape, then every half a period the poles are remagnetized, as a result of which the piston returns to its original position due to the shock absorber.
The advantages of this type of pumping equipment include:
- reliability. This is due to the simple design of the pump;
- low requirements for water purity.
Flaws:
- relatively low immersion depth - up to 5 m;
- during operation, vibrations are created that can damage the loose walls of the well.
In addition to all the above household devices, there are specialized ones. For example - rod well pumps, which are designed for pumping oil from wells.
Important! They work very efficiently, but they require special ground equipment to function. Therefore, rod models are not yet used in private water supply.
Surface
If the depth of the well does not exceed 8 meters, then it is possible to use a surface pump.
Photo: surface well pump
It is installed either in the immediate vicinity of the well, or at a small distance from it. When choosing it, you need to pay attention to the characteristics and quality of the check valve.
This part of the unit is responsible for the functioning of the entire system. Often it is because of it that the equipment fails quickly.
Since the unit is not designed for direct contact with water, its housing must be protected from atmospheric precipitation.
AT more surface aggregates are used to create additional pressure in water pipes passing over the surface. This can reduce the load of the downhole pump installed in the well.
Principle of operation
All deep pumps for wells are necessary for the implementation of the supply drinking water pipeline to the consumer.
They are installed directly in the well and the following conditions are necessary to ensure their operation:
- power supply. To do this, the power cable in a special sealed casing is connected to the body of the device;
- if the operation of the pump requires a constant supply of air, then from its body to the surface of the idea there is a flexible air hose.
The principle of operation of each model was discussed above. But the main indicator for everyone is compliance with the technical parameters - performance and pressure.
Mounting
The procedure for installing a pump in a well is decisive for its further operation.
For flush mounting, the following parameters should be determined:
- the dimensions of the equipment must be smaller than the size of the well;
- power parameters must correspond to the operating conditions;
- availability of a power supply connection.
In addition, stabilization equipment will be required to protect the pump device from voltage surges, grounding and a flexible pipeline with shutoff valves.
Important! Before installation, it is necessary to dismantle the head of the well and carefully insulate the junction of the pump cable with the main power line.
Then a loop is put on the ear of the pump, which must be passed through the head carabiner. The process of lowering must be monitored. So that the electric cable and cable do not get tangled and are constantly at some distance from each other.
As soon as the equipment reaches the desired depth, the loop on the head carabiner is tightened and further strengthened. Next, there is a connection to the main water supply system and the installation of valves.
Video: installation
Repair
Pump failure is often associated with non-compliance with operating conditions. Therefore, before installing the equipment, you must carefully read the instructions for use.
The main causes of malfunctions are:
- operation of the device without water. For most submersible pumps, the presence of water in them is necessary during the first start-up and further operation. If this is not the case, then there is a high probability of engine overheating;
- if a voltage stabilizer is not installed, then if there are drops in the network, the electric motor may also be damaged;
- some models are very demanding on the composition of the water. In particular, this applies to centrifugal, where the entire volume of liquid passes through the impeller. If there are small particles of dirt in it, moving parts can be damaged, and in the worst case, the engine rotor will jam and overheat.
If any of the above reasons led to a breakdown, then it is necessary to remove the pump from the well, disconnect it from the mains and pipeline.
If you have experience in carrying out restoration work, you can try to repair it yourself. But it is best to contact a specialized repair company.
Often, cuffs and seals need to be replaced to ensure the sealing of the working compartments. It is recommended to replace them at least 2 times a year.
Video: the pump is stuck in the well, what needs to be done
How to choose
The correct choice of a particular model is fundamental in the arrangement of autonomous water supply.
In order for it to be optimally close to the existing parameters of the system, it is necessary to find out the following parameters:
- well parameters - depth and dimensions;
- debit. This indicator indicates the maximum volume of water that can be obtained from the well in a certain time. This is necessary to select the optimal power of pumping equipment;
- pump parameters - power and height of the water column. Power is needed to calculate the volume of water supplied to the system based on 1 person. On average - 200 l / day.
And only after that you can start choosing a specific model.
Centrifugal submersible pumps are the most common type of equipment for pumping water, used both in everyday life and for industrial needs. Surface pumps can get water from a maximum of 8-9 meters.
To lift it from deeper water intakes, use models that can work in the water column. Next, we will tell you: what is the principle of operation of a submersible centrifugal pump, how this equipment is classified and completed. The video in this article will help to understand this issue.
All about centrifugal pumps
A distinctive feature is this principle: the liquid in the housing moves under the influence of the force that occurs when the impeller moves. At the same time, the chamber in which it is located has a constant volume.
So:
- Only a group of vane pumps, which belongs to the dynamic class, works this way. In turn, bladed units are divided into: axial and centrifugal. For example, the principle of operation of volumetric pumps is completely different.
The difference between these groups of equipment is that in positive displacement pumps, liquid is sucked in and then forced out of the chamber by reducing its volume.
Centrifugal pumps have their own classification, and we will present it in the form of a table:
How are centrifugal pumps different? | |
1. | Horizontal or vertical execution of the body and, accordingly, the placement of the shaft in it. Centrifugal can have one or the other version. |
2. | The number of impellers or steps. Single impeller pumps are distinguished by the location of the shaft. It can be hidden in the body, or act as a console for its contours. These units are called - console. |
4. | One-sided or two-sided flow of water into the working chamber. |
5. | According to pressure characteristics, they are divided into 3 types: low, medium and high pressure. |
6. | Liquid is removed from the working chamber in two ways: turbine and spiral. |
7. | Distinguishes centrifugal pumps and housing connector: transverse and longitudinal. |
8. | According to the speed of the impeller, the pumps are divided into three groups: normal, low-speed and high-speed. |
9. | The way the engine is connected to the body also plays a role. There are drive models equipped with a pulley or gearbox, and there are options, and most of them - where the engine is connected with a clutch. |
10. | By the type of pumped liquid, all pumps differ, and not just centrifugal ones. These are pumps for clean water, for fecal effluents, for drainage, for aggressive or viscous liquids. |
- If we talk about dynamic pumps, as such, they include a large group of pumping equipment. These include surface and submersible centrifugal pumps; screw pumps; vortex; disk; electromagnetic. As you can see, the list is long.
- The leading positions in it are occupied by centrifugal submersible pumps: the principle of operation of this equipment allows pumping significant volumes of water, lifting it from a great depth, and supplying it over long distances. For installation in deep wells and wells, they are ideal, just in every specific case, you need to choose the right pump power.
Difference in technical specifications can be huge. There are small models weighing 5-7 kg, and there are units taller than human height.
Take, for example, the ESP submersible centrifugal pump. This is a powerful unit, with a feed up to 2000m - it is used for installation in oil wells.
For the extraction of water from deep, mainly pumps of the ETsV type are used. The price of any pumping unit depends not only on its power, but also on the completeness.
Design and completeness of centrifugal pumps
As we have already said that the main part of the centrifugal pump, which ensures the movement of water in the working chamber, is that it is mounted on a shaft and moves freely. The wheel consists of a pair of discs located at a short distance from each other.
They are connected by smoothly curved blades that rotate in the opposite direction:
- The internal space of the wheel, limited by the planes of the disks, and crossed by the blades, forms channels that are filled with water when the pump is turned on. In most models, the impellers are enclosed in a chamber.
But there are options for pumps with an open impeller - they can pump water with a certain content of suspended particles. It is this modification that you can see in the photo below.
- During the operation of the mechanism, under the action of a certain force, the liquid is ejected from the impeller. Thus, a rarefaction is created inside its channels, and pressure rises on the periphery.
In order for the water pressure to be stable, the flow of fluid to the wheel, as well as the removal from it, must be continuous. - To drain water, inside the case there is a spiral chamber expanding towards the outlet. At its end there is a diffuser with a discharge pipe, which is connected to the pipeline during installation.
But in order to make this connection and put the pump into operation, it must be equipped with a certain set of devices and connecting fittings.
- First of all, it is a non-return valve with a filter mesh. The valve retains water in the working chamber, filled before starting the engine, and the mesh prevents large suspensions in the water mass from entering the pump housing. The same valve is placed on the pressure pipeline - it prevents the outflow of fluid back to the unit.
- In addition, control valves are installed both on the pressure pipeline and on the suction part. Behind the valve, located on the pipeline, is placed safety valve. Its task is to protect the supply pipe from water hammer.
- In the upper segment of the housing, a valve must be installed to remove air when the pump is primed. A filling device is also included. Plus, the pump is equipped with two instruments: a pressure gauge for measuring pressure, and a vacuum gauge, necessary to determine the vacuum index at the suction pipe.
- If a centrifugal pump is included pumping station, then it can be additionally equipped with a start-up protection device, and devices for regulating the process of equipment operation in automatic mode.
Such a kit is always accompanied by the manufacturer's instructions and an installation diagram, with which you can prepare the pump for operation and connect it to the pressure pipeline with your own hands.
The content of the articleWhat are submersible water pumps for? What are the types? How to install this device? Let's consider these questions in order.
Often on suburban area there are no centralized water supply systems. However, the need for them is obvious: and not only for personal needs, but also for gardening. Best Option The solution to such an issue is the use of pumps. Depending on where you plan to extract water from and for what purposes, you should choose the type of tool. Its main varieties are: surface and submersible.
As the name implies, the surface extracts water from the surface of the earth, while the submersible is designed for deeper work.
And if you plan to use the reserves of underground sources, wells or wells, choose household submersible water pumps. This relatively small device will be able to automate watering and irrigation systems, as well as provide an uninterrupted supply of clean water to your home and yard. There is even a submersible pump for hot water.
How do submersible water pumps work?
The principle of operation of submersible water pumps is simple:
- the device is enclosed in a liquid and placed below the surface level;
- with the help of pressure, water is pushed up through specially installed hoses and pipes;
- the simplest devices of this type are able to get water from a depth of 40 m, more technologically advanced ones reach even up to 80 m;
- Submersible pumps are divided into two main categories depending on their purpose: for clean and dirty water.
Submersible clean water pumps
Submersible pumps for clean water are used to meet household needs, watering and irrigation of a summer cottage. They are designed to obtain exactly clean liquid from wells, wells, clean rivers, ponds, lakes, etc. As a rule, such devices are multi-stage. This is explained by the fact that in order to achieve the goal, it is necessary to get to the sources that lie in the deeper layers of the soil, which is possible only with an increase in pressure.
- One impeller cannot cope with such a task. Therefore, in the structure of such pumps, several working stages are used, consisting of impellers and diffusers.
- The use of multistage pumps for dirty and clogged material is highly discouraged. This is due to the fact that at each subsequent upper stage, the pressure increases, and a liquid with a large number of mechanical inclusions can damage the unprotected surface of the wheel in a short time. As a result, the device will quickly become clogged, broken and will not be able to cope with the task.
principle of operation and device submersible pump
Of course, technological progress does not stand still, and manufacturers are trying to satisfy the needs of customers as much as possible. The latest modifications of the pumps are designed so that the surfaces of the mechanisms that come into contact with potentially hazardous liquids are covered with durable protected materials that can withstand technical pressure up to 300 g/m3.
Two main types of submersible pumps for clean water should be distinguished, depending on the place of their application: well and borehole.
well pumps
Well pumps are fairly simple and inexpensive devices:
- They involve pumping water from a depth of no more than 50 m;
- as a rule, such pumps work according to the vibration principle. Their device involves the placement of a rubber membrane inside the case;
- on one side of it is a container for the resulting liquid, on the other - a vibrating element that causes the membrane to change shape.
At different stages of operation, the membrane bends, this entails a change in pressure. So, with a decrease in pressure, the inlet valve opens to start the next portion of water, while with an increase in pressure, on the contrary, the outlet valve opens, and the liquid enters the outlet hose.
It should be borne in mind that the diameter of such devices is large, so the possibility of their use is quite limited: in wells, wide wells.
Downhole pumps
Deep water pumps work on a completely different principle from the above, and therefore they are able to get water from the deepest and narrowest openings. This explains the noticeable difference in the price of centrifugal submersible pumps for water.
- The pump includes an impeller consisting of discs fastened together by bent blades;
- water, getting inside, is under the influence of centrifugal force;
- energy is created by spinning the wheel. The blades, moving at high speed, form an area in the center low pressure, and along the perimeter, respectively, - increased;
- water, falling under the influence of the pressure difference, rushes to the center, and goes out through the outgoing pipe.
Installation options and correct operation of submersible pumps
Drainage pumps
Very often there is a need to pump out contaminated masses: cleaning the swimming pool, destroying sewage and sewage waste.
It is extremely impractical to use conventional pumps, which we considered above, for these purposes. They are not designed for this. Firstly, such devices will demonstrate low efficiency: they will work slowly and poorly. Secondly, in as soon as possible they simply break due to excessive load.
To perform such tasks, there are special drainage submersible pumps. Submersible sewage pumps also come in several types. It all depends on what and how you plan to use them. And the methods of application are, as you know, different.
How to install a submersible pump yourself
In order to install a submersible pump for pumping water on your site, the easiest way is to use the services of specialists. They get the job done quickly and skillfully. If you have a desire to do it yourself to save money or just to feel like a jack of all trades, there is nothing supernatural in this either. In fact, the installation process of the pump is quite simple:
- you will need: brackets, couplings, cable, cable, pipe and, in fact, the pump itself;
- if it is supposed to be used for watering the garden, you should also stock up on a hose. First of all, a pipe or hose is attached to the pump (depending on your plans). Having dealt with this, connect the cable;
- it is not necessary to move and lift the pump by holding the hose or cable - you can damage the unit;
- especially for such purposes, we stocked up with a safety rope. After that, lower the pump, check everything again, and start it at idle.
- Take a break within an hour of the test run.
Most of our fellow citizens who own a suburban area have to solve many problems. One of these is the organization of a centralized water supply system. This element is fundamental to creating comfortable conditions. The fact is that without it, it is not only impossible to live comfortably away from civilization, but also to provide watering for plants.
Most often, a similar problem is solved by using a pump. However, in order to choose the most suitable model, it is necessary to take into account the source of water. If water will be supplied from deep sources, for example, wells, wells, a submersible pump will be the best choice. Although there are various models in the category of such devices, it is still best opt for centrifugal plants which provide the most efficient water supply from wells.
Centrifugal submersible pump: principle of operation
The design of the centrifugal pump provides for special wheels with a predetermined rotation speed. It is they who allow you to create centrifugal forces that ensure the circulation of water.
If we talk in more detail about the design of centrifugal pumping units, then it includes the following items. It necessarily contains steps, the number of which directly affects the height of the water rise. Most often, single-stage models are offered on the market. However, their efficiency is low, due to their inability to provide the necessary force of pressure.
To serve deep water sources, it is best to choose multistage pumps. In them, each stage takes part in creating pressure, and together they ensure the efficiency of the entire apparatus.
The impellers used in such pumps may differ in diameter. It depends on the actual installation performance. In other words, it affects how much water the selected device can supply in a certain period of time.
Among the advantages that such devices have, it should be highlighted high reliability and performance. Most often they are made using special materials that are of high quality and wear resistance. Particular attention is paid to areas where maximum friction is created. They are coated with a special coating or graphite liners are placed there.
At centrifugal pumps submersible type there are many advantages which make them the preferred option:
- high level of performance and reliability;
- high durability;
- high efficiency;
- the ability to provide optimal force of pressure;
- the flow of water is supplied continuously;
- it is possible to transport water to a considerable height;
- lack of difficulties in operation and maintenance;
- affordable price.
At the same time, such installations have one serious drawback: they are designed to transport exceptionally pure water. If these pumps are used to pump out dirty liquid, this ends up breaking, as for submersible centrifugal pumps of any type of execution. The point is that hitting hydraulic system impurities and foreign matter leads to clogging, due to which the impeller can no longer work in normal mode.
All submersible centrifugal pumps on the market can be represented in the following groups:
Based on the number of stages used, they are distinguished: single-stage and multi-stage.
Depending on the degree of pressure, the pumps are divided into models with low, medium and high pressure.
Depending on the option of water supply to the impeller, models are distinguished with one-sided and two-sided supply.
Based on the location of the shaft, these pumps can be classified into horizontal and vertical models.
Based on the housing connector, pumps can be classified into horizontal and vertical.
Depending on the method of withdrawing water from the impeller into a special channel, these installations are spiral and turbines.
Based on the speed of operation, pumps can be divided into slow, normal and fast.
Based on such a feature as the method of connecting the electric motor, they distinguish models with drive and with couplings.
Submersible centrifugal pump models designed for domestic use are more compact and have lower power. Their capabilities do not allow them to be used to perform large volumes of work, they are most effective for providing water supply to small objects.
Self-installation of a submersible pump
It is advisable to entrust the performance of such work to qualified specialists. However, not all owners can afford their services. In this case, you can install the submersible pump on your own.
materials
First you need to take care about the presence of the necessary elements:
If you need water for watering plants in the yard, you will also have to prepare a hose;
Work technology
Technologically installation procedure such equipment includes the following steps:
- Connect the pipe or hose to the pump.,
- Then you need to connect the cable;
- If you need to change the location of the water pump, you must do this carefully and in no case take hold of the cable and hose. Otherwise, you may inadvertently damage it, which in some cases may result in a complete failure of the device;
- Most safe way moving the device - using a safety cable for this purpose;
- After that, you can lower the pump, then you should check it and carry out a test run;
- It is necessary to let the device work for an hour, after which it is turned off, thereby giving it a break.
In the next three days, special attention should be paid to whether there are any problems in the operation of the pumping unit. If the device performs its task properly, then you can start using it as usual.
Repair of centrifugal submersible pumps
If you find certain malfunctions in the operation of pumping equipment, the first step is to inspect the device. The fact is that individual malfunctions are able to be eliminated by the owner on their own, without resorting to the services of specialists.
Most often, the pump motor contains mineral oil, the main task of which is to ensure the cooling of the winding and the creation of additional insulation. In household models, it is represented by one phase and two windings, among which one is working and the other is starting. A non-polar capacitor is connected to the latter. It has a capacitance equal to 10-40 microfarads. The design of the pump uses asynchronous motor with one phase.
- If you find a malfunction in the operation of the pump, then first you need to find out if there are any problems with the rotation of the motor shaft equipped with an impeller. It is not uncommon for foreign objects to penetrate the cochlea, which cause the shaft to jam. If they are not removed in a timely manner, this can lead to the combustion of the motor stator winding.
- Without finding any problems with the shaft, which rotates freely, it is necessary to assemble the lower part of the engine and disassemble the upper one. When doing this work, remember that the pump must remain in an upright position at all times. Otherwise, oil will begin to flow from its body.
- After the bolts holding the cover are unscrewed, it must be removed. Next, you will have access to the wires and the start capacitor. To simplify the task of repairing a centrifugal submersible pump, it is advisable to have a diagram of this device. Then it will be easier for you to understand where and what components are located.
- Using a multimeter, it is necessary to determine the resistance of the motor windings. Relative to the working winding, the value of this parameter is usually 10-15 ohms. For the launcher, it is equal to 35-40 ohms. If during measurements it was found that the resistance indicator tends to infinity, then this is a hint that the winding is damaged. In some cases, the device may show an extremely small resistance value. Based on this, it can be concluded that an internal interturn short circuit has occurred in the windings.
- If you were able to find out what kind of malfunction arose in the operation of the pump, you must try to fix it on your own. The failed part should be replaced with a new one, after which the pump will be able to successfully perform the task assigned to it.
What determines the cost of the pump
The models of submersible centrifugal pumps offered today in online stores, as well as points of sale of goods for the home and repair, can differ in prices. Moreover, the last parameter is determined by the technical capabilities of the device and the manufacturer. Sometimes consumers decide to purchase them directly from the manufacturer, immediately drawing up a service agreement with him.
The range of the domestic market of household water pumps is represented by models manufactured by Russian and foreign companies. If we talk about devices of domestic production, then in terms of the level of performance they can compete on equal terms with imported samples. At the same time, the price of these devices is often lower. For this reason, pumps manufactured by Russian companies and are in high demand among consumers. By purchasing such equipment, the owner gets the opportunity to save on their repair and maintenance. He also has no problems with the purchase of spare parts, which are available in a wide range in any specialized store.
Conclusion
When choosing a centrifugal pump to solve water supply problems, it does not hurt for the owner to know about its device and the principle of operation. Many often have to deal with the maintenance of such installations on their own, so knowledge of the design features of this device can be very useful for properly setting up the pump and repairing it in case of trouble. First of all, this applies to models Russian production, since they have a simple device, and spare parts for them are affordable for every domestic consumer.