Panel heating its advantages and disadvantages. Where can electric panels be used? Attention! these materials will definitely be useful to you
Infrared electric panel
Choosing heating appliances, many of us prefer to get acquainted with the latest market innovations that help to appreciate the benefits of comfort and coziness. A similar situation has developed with electric thermal panels. They have already won the love of American and European buyers, and now they have appeared on the Russian market.
There they can be integrated into the wall structure without much additional effort. Investment in healthy lifestyle life A well-balanced indoor climate is the basis good health. This is where even heat distribution plays an important role. In these cases, the air must be very hot. Gentle and large radiant heat minimizes temperature differences and thus reduces natural convection.
Therefore, surface heating is also of interest to allergy sufferers. Since the air heats up less, the heating elements built into the wall swirl much less air. This keeps the air largely free of dust mites and plant pollen. Heat is an elementary basic need for us humans. But heat is not the same. There are many ways to heat a room, for example. B. with single ovens, radiators, etc. these space heaters can be divided into three groups.
There are several types of such devices. These are design radiators and infrared installations. How do they differ from simple appliances, where are they best used, and what features and benefits do they have? All this in the article.
Infrared heating devices
The purpose of infrared panels is the main or additional heating of residential, administrative, children's and commercial institutions. What are these devices?
Direct space heating - this includes all individual stoves as well as electric direct heaters. Direct space heating systems are characterized by the fact that the heat generator is located in the room and at the same time serves as a heating surface. Air heating systems - direct and indirect warm air systems use air as a heat carrier. Static heating surfaces - this group is by far the most common. The heat carrier is usually heated water, heat is released in the form of convection and radiation. Static heating surfaces include all types of radiators and surface heating systems. Surface heating systems are characterized by low heating medium temperature, high radiation content and high thermal comfort.
This is an ordinary drywall sheet, on the back of which there are several layers of electrical insulation. A carbon thread is laid on top of them. It also acts as a heater. The heating element has additional protection. A decorative protective layer of polymers is laid on top of it. Infrared thermal panels are connected to a conventional outlet with a voltage of 220 V.
The most important types of surface heating systems are. Floor heating Surface heating Heating with heatThermoactive components. . All surface heating systems are used both as a wet system and as a drywall system.
Floor heating - never cold feet
Head barefoot on the warm stone floor is an indescribably pleasant feeling. Floor coverings, such as ceramic tile, natural stone, marble, etc. Feel naturally cool due to the high thermal conductivity on the surface. For all "hard" floors, especially in the bathroom, floor heating is a must! Underfloor heating systems can be used.
Wall covering - warmth in the most comfortable form
From a physiological point of view, heating the wall surface is an ideal system.What else technical features possess the described devices? The main one is the principle of space heating. Unlike convectors, infrared thermal panels emit waves that heat not the air in the room, but the objects in it. The heat produced can be compared to the warmth of a night fire, a wood-burning fireplace, a Russian stove, or the rays of the sun..
The gentle temperature control of the case surfaces creates a balance of radiation that is balanced for humans. That's why wall heaters enjoy a reputation for creating the most pleasant and healthy indoor climate of all heating systems. Where underfloor heating is not desirable or not possible, wall heating is a suitable alternative. Building biology also makes the surface sensitive to the wall, since the building fabric is obtained by constantly heating and drying the masonry.
Ceiling heating - pure radiant heat
For historical and listed buildings, this method has long been used. Ceiling heaters are almost identical to floor heaters. First of all, in renovation, ceiling heating systems are popular because ceilings are usually available as unobstructed large areas. Since downward convection is not possible, ceiling heating can be described as the only system with 100% radiation. Like all floor heating systems, ceiling heating also provides diffuse uniform heat during low temperature operation.
What are the benefits of this heating option?
- Firstly, with the help of it, it is possible to more rationally distribute heat flows throughout the room, while saving on electricity.
- Second, infrared electric heaters do not dry the air. It maintains the necessary moisture threshold, so that a person feels more comfortable, and there is no feeling of stuffiness.
- Thirdly, it is possible to minimize the occurrence of convection currents. Dust does not rise from the floor, its particles do not burn, so there is no characteristic smell in the room. This circumstance completely eliminates the appearance of drafts.
But the most important advantage of thermal panels is the creation of a special comfortable atmosphere in the cold season. Its basis is a temperature close to the temperature of the human body.
Component activation - heat from solid parts
Due to the high proportion of radiation, the temperature in the head area is about the same as in the foot area. Almost every interior building component can be provided with heating pipes and thus be used as a heating or cooling surface. First of all, concrete ceilings and floor slabs are well suited as thermally active components due to their high heat capacity. Industrial floor heating also belongs to this category.
Surface heating - heating with many benefits
Surface heating systems are superior to other space heating systems in terms of energy and physiology. Here short review benefits. Thermography shows this: low system temperatures and even heat distribution. As a system manufacturer and supplier, we supply a complete surface heating program. Floor or wall surface heating, concrete core activation or industrial underfloor heating - we offer the right solution.
Energy Saving Technologies
Modern technologies provide high energy savings. Due to what is this happening? Such devices are connected to an automatic regulator, which allows you to control the microclimate in a separate room.
In addition, we also implement large-scale projects and special solutions - from planning to finished design. We attach great importance to the quality of heating pipes. Therefore, our floor and wall heating systems use only high quality 100% oxygen diffusion pipes made of copper and metal-plastic composite pipes. Corrosion and silting are not a problem here.
Heat pumps operate up to 75 percent using renewable energy from the ground, air or water. For all three heat sources most of energy comes from environment. A heat pump is used because renewable energy sources do not provide the required temperature directly. Therefore, the temperature must be increased by means of a heat pump to the desired level. A prerequisite for efficient operation is surface heating.
The system equalizes the air temperature at floor and ceiling level. The objects in the room gradually accumulate heat and only then give its excess to the space. Thanks to this, it is possible to warm up large rooms very quickly, creating warmth that is comfortable for a person. At the same time, energy savings are at least 40%.
Heat pumps extract heat from the soil, groundwater, or air and transfer it to water in radiators, underfloor heating, or domestic hot water. So a heat pump works just like any refrigerator - it uses its principle only in reverse. The heat that is extracted from the environment is additionally heated by a heat pump. For this reason, for example, an air-to-water heat pump, even in winter when low temperatures outside air is still heated or generates hot water.
Diagram of the "principle of the refrigerator" image. Outdoor air as a heat source can be obtained very easily and almost everywhere - no drilling or permits are required. It's the perfect solution for preparing hot water summer or in the exhaust air of a heat source that provides a constant high temperature. Since outdoor temperatures in winter - so during periods of heating in greatest demand - are relatively low, an air source heat pump is less efficient than a ground source system and requires slightly more drive power.
Wide design possibilities
Heater with design
The use of the described devices makes it possible to completely abandon complex communication systems consisting of radiators and main pipes. They are used in the installation of traditional water heating wiring. Simple electrical panels can be installed on any horizontal surface. And not only on the walls, but also on the ceilings, where heating installations also demonstrate their effectiveness. At the same time, the quality of their work does not suffer in any way. The presence of a thermostat simplifies the management and operation of electric infrared panels.
However, one of them saves on lower construction costs as well as investment costs. The collectors operate with a pipe system laid horizontally below the frost line - in practice this means a depth of 1 to 1.5 meters. The area required for this purpose should not be covered or rebuilt as the floor must absorb heat from rainwater and solar radiation. In addition, there should be no deep-rooted plants. Geothermal collectors are subject to notification only.
Due to the lower cost savings of developing a heat source compared to a geothermal probe, about half the cost. The depth of the probe depends on the need for heat and thermal conductivity of the soil. For a new family home, it is about 100 meters on average. In summer, geothermal probes are also very well suited for effective passive cooling. In addition to water protection zones, probes can be used almost everywhere - in these water protection zones, on the other hand, geothermal collectors usually appear without problems.
Note! The base of drywall and the heating temperature of the slate circuit, which can only heat up to a maximum of 50 degrees, allows, if necessary, to additionally decorate the surface of the described devices. On them you can glue wallpaper, lay tiles and other decorative finishing materials.
The required permits are usually provided by the contractor; this should be clearly agreed upon by the customer in the service industry. Water is pumped through a pumping well, the heat pump removes heat from it, and then the water is returned to the groundwater through a sink. In summer, you can also use this technology for passive energy saving. However, the disadvantage of this heat source is the high layout and the relatively large proportion of auxiliary power for the water pumps. The use of this heat source may also be approved.
Numerous studies have shown that infrared radiation completely safe for human health. Its range corresponds to the range of thermal radiation of the human body and is 5-20 microns. Therefore, such heating is comfortably perceived by the human body. It has been noticed that under the influence of long waves blood circulation, muscle nutrition and oxygen supply to tissues improve. This improves well-being, and strengthens the immune system.
Both functions are implemented using the same heat transfer system. It only changes direction heat flow through heat load or unloading of the coolant. During the cooling function, the room acts as a heat source, which is thermally discharged by the system at a temperature. An appropriate heatsink is required for this purpose. For example, a cold storage tank that is thermally discharged by various cold generators. In particular, the area-related cooling performance affects the well-being of users.
Due to this effect, infrared radiation is widely used today in physiotherapy. Namely, in complexes that make it possible to relax and get rid of the consequences of constant stress.
Note! When using infrared heating panels, it is possible to completely get rid of drafts, and the air in the room does not lose its humidity and always remains fresh. This is good for children's health. They are less likely to get colds, and allergy sufferers do not experience the discomfort associated with the appearance of dangerous reactions.
When the heat flow is directed to the cooling surface, the maximum temperature of the flow is not mentioned, but the minimum temperature of the flow. This also indicates a direct relationship with the temperature ranges of the human body, but also takes into account structural moisture protection. B. is effectively prevented with the so-called dew point safety device.
Switching from surface heating to surface cooling
It monitors the relative humidity on the component surface or on critical system surfaces and disables the cooling function when the dew point temperature is too low to cause moisture damage on or within the component. Hydraulic switching for surface cooling integrated between the station heating circuit and a buffer tank, since a buffer tank is usually required for heating operation during the heating period. The internal heat gain is usually taken into account on the heat side during the heating season.
Panel security
Infrared thermal panels are safe to use. And all because they are made from environmentally friendly materials. In addition, drywall does not burn and does not emit toxic substances when heated. Manufacturers claim that their products can be used as unsupervised main heating.
The simplicity of the design does not beg for its effectiveness. The service life of the devices is practically unlimited. Indeed, in the production of electrical panels, only moisture-resistant drywall and a heating element that creates a low temperature are used. Due to this, it cannot burn out like an electric heating element.
Where can electric panels be used?
Infrared thermal panels have a wide range of applications. And all because they are not inferior either in functionality or efficiency to convectors and radiators. At the same time, their cost is affordable, and you can install thermal panels yourself, without resorting to the help of professional craftsmen.
In a city apartment with central heating, heating panels allow you to survive the bad weather in the off-season, abandoning oil coolers and others electrical installations. In order to appreciate the advantages of the described devices, it is enough to install thermal panels in the apartment, the total power of which is only 50% of the calculated power. By the way, the latter depends on the volume of the room.
AT country house infrared panels will easily provide basic heating, but only where there are no interruptions in the supply of electricity. Another important condition is the presence of a serviceable and powerful wiring. It is advisable to run a separate cable before mounting the panels, the power of which is enough to connect electrical appliances new generation.
Often, someone who lives outside the city permanently prefers to use solid fuel or gas boilers, but at the same time, in addition to them, mount electric infrared panels on the walls as a backup. This option allows you to organize some autonomy and leave the house without fear of freezing in the cold due to the inability to fill the solid fuel boiler again.
The built-in thermostat allows you to adjust the temperature in the range from 5 to 40 degrees. Thermal panels do not heat up more strongly, so they can be installed in children's rooms without fear that children will be injured from touching a hot surface.
How thermal panels are mounted and transported
Installation in the house
What dimensions can thermal panels have? They can match the dimensions of drywall sheets. Therefore, if drywall is used when decorating rooms, you can immediately take care of both the heating of the room and its design.
Conventional thermal panels are attached in the same way as drywall sheets to metal profiles. Their design is such that both open and hidden installation can be performed. The main thing is to correctly bring out and connect electrical outlets. A special hole is provided for the output of contacts.
As a rule, bends are made and laid in the cable channel. It simultaneously provides open access to them and hides them from prying eyes.
Note! The back side of the panels must be insulated using a layer of insulation. Manufacturers pack thermal infrared panels in special packaging, which guarantees the safety of the installation during transportation.
Available options
On sale today you can find several options for thermal infrared panels:
- Wall models.
- storage devices.
- Window thermal panels.
- Ceiling, made in the style of "amstrong".
- Ceiling hemming electrical panels.
The name is based on the principle of using heating systems. On sale you can also find electrical panels, the front side of which resembles volcanic lava or granules. natural stone. Domestic manufacturers produce devices that look like paintings, complex art objects, unusual decorative panels that fit perfectly into the concepts of modern styles.
Existing Alternatives
Electric convector EVUT ROSS
Not everyone today decides to use infrared panels. As a simpler and more familiar alternative, electric and water thermal panels can be used.
The former produce heat by converting electricity. Their use is appropriate when it is not possible to bring pipes with a coolant to a separate room. Different power, different sizes, different materials used in the manufacture - the choice is huge. Therefore, it will be easy to choose something specific for yourself.
There are also electric panels on sale, which are a "symbiosis" of a radiator and a convector. They are usually equipped with two heating elements, one of which creates infrared heat and the other provides convection currents.
Water thermal panels are common panel radiators connected to common system heating or to the DHW system. As the most popular device, water heated towel rails can be cited as an example. They are very easy to install and "live" in autonomous systems. In systems central heating they are vulnerable. Very often there is a breakdown of water panels due to the poor quality of the coolant, as well as due to surges in its pressure.
But the service life can be increased by connecting an adapter - an intermediate heat exchanger. It is connected to the panel in parallel.
Conclusion
New thermal panels help to efficiently heat rooms due to radiant heat radiation. It does not heat the air in the room, but objects. They accumulate heat and give it gradually to the space, creating a favorable microclimate. The thermostat installed on the devices allows you to accurately maintain set parameters and ensures the safety of operation of the described devices.
The difference between panel heating systems and convective systems is that in them most of the heat is transferred by radiation. At the same time, comfortable temperature conditions inside residential premises are created due to the regulation of the average temperatures of the internal surfaces inside the premises, and not the temperatures of the air masses. Ideally, a surface heating system involves the regulation of the average temperatures of all surrounding surfaces, but in practice only a small part of the surfaces are regulated. So, a change in the surface temperatures of only one side of the room (cubic) by 60C gives the same effect as a change in the temperatures of all six sides by 10C.
Heat can be supplied to heating surfaces by a variety of methods. However, regardless of the type of heat carrier used (air, electricity or water), in panel systems for heating, the flat surfaces of the room structure itself (walls, floor, ceiling) are mainly used for heating. In the floor, the panels should not heat up above 30-400C, otherwise they will become too hot, and it will be difficult for a person to stand on them. The maximum allowable ceiling surface temperatures depend on the height of the room. For standard room heights, the maximum allowable value can be considered to be 500C.
Benefits of panel heating
The main advantage of panel heating is the reduction of optimal indoor air temperatures, which reduces the feeling of drowsiness and lethargy that often accompany too comfortable temperature conditions. The magnitude of the possible decrease in the temperature of air masses mainly depends on the speed of their circulation in the room. So, if the intensity of ventilation is greater, the optimal comfortable air temperatures can be reduced by 5 degrees. below those values that are usual for convective heating. However, for most dwellings and small buildings in which natural ventilation is present, the ventilation rate is low. In this regard, the air temperature here can only be reduced by 2 or 1 degree.
The possibility of lowering the temperature of the air gives another additional advantage, such as a significant reduction in the heat costs required to heat the air coming from outside to room temperature. Experts have calculated that panel heating used in a well-ventilated room provides 10% to 20% savings compared to convective heating systems. It should be noted that when air is exchanged in the room through filters, no savings are obtained, since in such a system the ventilation rate is too low.
In addition, panel heating saves usable space - all its heat-generating elements are located inside the building envelope of the heated room. It would not be superfluous to mention more uniform heating and the absence of the effect of cold walls (which is not the case in convective heating).
Disadvantages of panel heating
Panel heating responds slowly to changing loads. This type of heating is characterized by poor maintainability, limited space at full load. In some regions, due to a lack of practice and experience, the cost of manufacturing, installing and debugging these systems is high.
During the design of panel heating, the most important factor is to determine the location of the heating panels.
Floor panels are less efficient than ceiling panels in terms of heat. limiting the maximum temperatures to thirty degrees reduces the heat dissipation of heating panels by about half of its value for ceiling panels of the same size. Ceiling panels are even more advantageous because in them most of the heat is transferred by radiation, i.e. such a system is closer to a more efficient heating system - radiant than to a convective heating system.