Correct connection of the heating radiator. How to correctly connect heating batteries - diagrams and methods
What is optimal scheme connection of heating radiators with a one-pipe system? Are bypasses required between tie-ins or can heaters be connected in series? What diameters of filling and eyeliners should be used? What from stop valves does it need to be installed in the plumbing? Let's try to answer these questions.
Her Majesty Leningrad
This is the name of the simplest and probably the most popular.
How did she win the sympathy of specialists?
- Extremely high fault tolerance. If two-pipe circuits can provide uneven heating of heating devices, and even be defrosted in extreme cold, then it is possible to cause some deviations in the normal operation of the Leningrad city only consciously.
Dropping of screw valve valves, silting or incorrect balancing will under no circumstances lead to a shutdown of the circuit or its individual sections. - Ease of execution. Even an amateur can design and assemble a Leningradka: to understand the principle of its operation, a minimum of common sense and spatial imagination is enough.
- The ability to work both with forced circulation and with natural circulation, due to the expansion of the heated coolant.
To clarify: minimal modifications will still be needed to switch from forced to natural circulation.
The gravity system includes an accelerating collector (vertical bottling section) immediately after the boiler.
In addition, a bypass with a diameter equal to the filling diameter must be present between the pump taps: it will reduce hydraulic resistance area to a minimum.
Radiators
Choice
Let's start with what should be the heaters in an autonomous circuit. First, let's evaluate the conditions in which they will perform their functions:
As it is easy to see, in the requirements autonomous systems fit with a good margin of the characteristics of inexpensive cast iron and aluminum sectional batteries. Expensive bimetallic products here will clearly turn out to be overkill: their resistance to high pressures and temperatures will not be required.
Next: cast iron aluminum sections vary greatly in mass and internal volume. Both of these directly affect the inertia of the heating system - how long it will take to warm it up to operating temperature and subsequent cooling.
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Given: the room is surrounded by bottling. Heating devices must be embedded in it. How to do it?
The only correct connection of heating radiators with a single-pipe system is carried out parallel to the filling, without breaking it and reducing the diameter. We emphasize once again: between the radiator inserts there is a permanently open bypass with a diameter equal to the filling diameter.
Why? Indeed, it would seem that this should reduce the heat transfer of heating devices, since most of coolant circulates through the filling?
In practice, the temperature drop at any point of the radiator relative to the filling temperature will be minimal.
But a gap or a decrease in the diameter of the filling will create much more problems than they solve:
- The filling gap and the serial connection of heating devices will put an end to their independent adjustment. Any throttling valve will regulate the permeability of the entire filling.
- Reducing the diameter will increase the hydraulic resistance of the circuit, which will inevitably affect the circulation rate of the coolant in gravity mode, with the pump turned off.
Useful: an intermediate solution can be the installation of a full-bore ball valve on each bypass.
Such a scheme will not increase the hydraulic resistance of filling, but is only permissible if the system is serviced by a person who understands its structure well.
It is enough to close the valve on the radiator inlet with the bypass closed - and the entire circuit will be defrosted.
Connection of eyeliners
Connection of heating radiators with a single-pipe heating system can be performed according to one of three schemes:
- One-sided side. Both connections connect to a pair of radiator plugs on one (right or left) side heater.
- Double sided bottom: connection is made through a pair of lower plugs on the left and right.
- Diagonal: the leads enter the top and bottom plugs from opposite sides of the battery.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of each scheme?
A one-sided scheme is practical with a small radiator size (up to 7 sections). In this case, all sections are heated fairly evenly. But with the number of sections 10 or more, the end of the heater will be noticeably colder than the connections.
Connecting a heating radiator to a one-pipe system from the bottom down ensures the circulation of the coolant through any number of sections. However, most of it in this case passes through the lower collector; the top of the sections is heated mainly due to the thermal conductivity of their material.
Finally, the diagonal connection of the heating radiator with a single-pipe system ensures the maximum possible heat transfer for any length of the radiator.
Pipe dimensions
forced circulation
If the system has a permanently working circulation pump, when designing the circuit, the following conditional pipe passages are used:
- filling - 25 mm;
- eyeliners with a radiator length of up to 10 sections - 15 mm;
- eyeliner with a radiator length of more than 10 sections - 20 mm.
Please note: for steel pipe nominal bore (DN) approximately corresponds to the inner diameter. Polymer and metal-polymer pipes are marked with an outer diameter; as a rule, it is one step larger than the internal one. So, for polypropylene, diameters 32, 20 and 25 should be used, respectively.
natural circulation
If the circuit is designed to operate in the mode natural circulation, the main task of the designer is to minimize its hydraulic resistance. How to achieve this?
The instruction is not difficult:
- with minimal roughness - metal-plastic or polypropylene;
- the filling diameter increases to at least 40 millimeters.
Strapping elements
One-pipe connection of heating radiators does not require their mandatory balancing; however, it is better to provide for the possibility of turning off individual devices and adjusting their heat transfer.
The optimal set of shut-off and control valves is as follows:
- a ball valve is mounted on the return pipe;
- the supply line is supplied with a throttle or a thermostatic head. The throttle allows you to adjust the heat transfer manually; the thermal head automates the adjustment, maintaining a constant temperature in the room;
- if the radiator is located above the filling, an air vent is installed in one of its upper plugs - a Mayevsky tap.
Conclusion
We hope that the information offered to the attention of the reader will help him in designing his own heating system. To learn more about how radiators are connected with a single-pipe heating system, the video in this article will allow. Good luck!
An important issue when installing heating in a house is the choice of a radiator connection scheme. By making the right decision, you optimize your heating costs, both during installation and operation of the equipment. It is important that the radiator connection scheme is correctly matched to your home heating system.
Bottom connection of radiators
With this connection, the supply pipe, like the return pipe, enters the lower battery plugs. The coolant has a priority direction of movement along the lower collector. Additional heat transfer is carried out due to the fact that the heated coolant rises up the radiator. Such a scheme is the most cost-effective in terms of materials, and it is convenient to carry it out even when doing do-it-yourself work in one hand.
Most often, such a scheme is used when installing a single-pipe heating system, it allows you to quietly run the pipe, and when laying the main pipe into the floor, leave only short pipes for connecting the battery in sight.
One significant disadvantage of such a connection of radiators is the reduced heat transfer efficiency compared to a diagonal connection on a two-pipe system. The difference is about 12-15%.
However, it should be noted that when installing heating in a small house with a small budget, including for heating, the use of this scheme is justified, and in the future you will never think about these percentages. The scheme is reliable, time-tested and serves faithfully for more than one generation of owners of private houses.
In our opinion, the scheme is not acceptable when heating is operating without a pump. Another feature of it should be noted the need to perform on a single-pipe system "brakes" under the radiator, sections of narrowing the diameter of the main pipe between two tie-in points. This narrowing allows you to redirect the coolant flow through the radiator, and not past. However, as already mentioned, such a scheme should not be used with a significant length of the pipeline of the heating system.
It is possible to use a similar scheme for two-pipe wiring, however, here the connection scheme loses its advantages while maintaining its disadvantages.
Diagonal connection to a two-pipe system
The most correct in terms of heat transfer is heating, made in a two-pipe design, with a diagonal connection of radiators. The supply pipe is connected to the top plug, and the return pipe is connected to the bottom, on the opposite side. Such a system is taken in the calculations for 100% efficiency. But among others, it is a more costly system in terms of materials and execution time.
With a diagonal connection, the hot coolant at the inlet to the radiator and along the upper collector meets the room air already heated in the lower parts of the radiator and heats it up to more high temperature. Thus, the heat transferred from the coolant (water) to the air in the house is used with the greatest efficiency.
A minor drawback of this connection system, as mentioned above, will be the impossibility of adding additional sections without cutting the pipes and overcooking them. However, with a careful calculation of the number of radiators at the system design stage, this disadvantage can be ignored.
The diagonal connection proved to be excellent when working with forced circulation and with self-circulation. In systems operating on natural circulation, diagonal wiring makes it possible to abandon the installation of thermostatic valves, which reduces the hydraulic resistance of the piping system and has a positive effect on the operation of the system. True, radiator valves with minimal resistance are currently being produced, and we recommend installing them for ease of maintenance.
Of course, a diagonal connection of heating batteries is the most desirable, but this is not always clearly possible.
Diagonal connection for one-pipe distribution
In this way, they try to get away from those 12-15% decrease in heat transfer efficiency with lower wiring. The connection takes place in the upper radiator cap and in the opposite lower one, while maintaining the sequence of connecting the batteries in the circuit.
The use of a diagonal connection of radiators on a single-pipe system does not provide the advantages that it has when performed on a two-pipe wiring. Along the contour, the skew in terms of heat transfer and coolant temperature increases significantly. In fact, most of the heat is discarded in the first heat exchangers. Even the presence of a bypass will no longer correct the situation.
One way connection
It is a worthy alternative to a diagonal connection and has its own characteristics. The supply pipe enters the upper radiator cap, and the return pipe enters the lower one on the same side. The efficiency of such a connection is 2-7% lower than that of a diagonal one.
1. Two-pipe wiring. 2. One-pipe wiring
Such a connection is often used in heating systems with risers going from one floor to another. Many use it when it is not possible to install the proper number of battery sections already during the initial installation, and it is planned to increase their number in the future. One-way connection allows at any time, in the presence of valves, to add a certain number of sections.
"Leningradka" is the most common, cost-effective one-pipe heating system (see diagram). It is used in apartments and houses of a small area. It can be vertical - in the entrances of the house between floors, and horizontal - in a room or on one floor.
It is possible to connect radiators with a lower and upper connection to a one-pipe heating system. If the radiator has a lower wiring, then the coolant is installed below the level of the heating devices, pipes run horizontally from it, which then rise up to the batteries. For upper wiring, on the contrary, the coolant is installed at the highest point of the heating system, and from there the water circulates.
Only in single-pipe heating schemes are used to shut off water. They are located on the so-called branch sections, the volume of which is several times smaller than the main pipes of the heating system.
About the pros and cons
A single-pipe heating scheme has advantages:
- The simplicity of the scheme.
- Ease of installation.
- Saving building materials.
This is most suitable for small heated areas. It also has a number of disadvantages:
- The farther the radiator is from the coolant, the lower the heating temperature.
- Impossibility and inexpediency of connecting more than 10 radiators to one system.
- It is not possible to regulate the heat supply.
This means that it is advisable to make radiators that are the most distant from the heater, with a larger surface area. And in such a scheme it is impossible to regulate the heat supply, everything is included in the design calculations. Maybe that's why we sometimes freeze in our apartments, and sometimes we suffer from the heat. But one thing is clear, up to 10 radiators must be connected to a single-pipe heating system, otherwise there will be no benefit from cold heaters.
Prepare tools
Of course, you need to ensure the connection is correct in terms of maintenance and operation. To do this, you need to prepare:
- Racks for a radiator.
- Perforator.
- Tools: screwdriver, hammers, soldering iron.
- In the apartments - grinders (230, 125th, depending on the pipes).
- All kinds of nozzles with which you will attach the radiator to the heating system.
- Special tubular soldering iron.
Connection methods
You can connect to pipes in different ways, depending on the installation location and the laying of pipes in the room and, of course, the heating scheme:
- Diagonally.
- Verticals.
- Bottom.
- Above.
When the connection method is selected (see diagram), you must:
Carving correctly
Decor threaded connections it is produced, as experts insistently require, only with the help of linen in combination with unipack. And when connecting a radiator to any heating system, you can’t do without threaded connections - you need to install a tap and a regulator valve, the device is a must. it can even accumulate from the fact that the pipes are incorrectly tilted or located, then you can’t do without a Mayevsky crane.
General provisions
Excessive reinforcing items affect the quality of the heating system and cause its elements to wear out faster. Loose pipes and connections (without collars and clamps) last much longer. This must be taken into account when connecting batteries to the system.
It must also be taken into account that the entire heating system must be made of the same material: polypropylene, metal (of the same brand).
Connection single pipe system heating is suitable for small cottages, apartments.
This closed system (see diagram) will heat a room in which no more than 10 radiators can be placed. Rest heating appliances will not make sense (even a large volume of surface), since as they get further away, cooled water will simply reach them through pipes.
Single-pipe systems are simple both in terms of scheme and installation. They are more cost effective and low cost.
Battery settings
If the house is beautiful, but cold, it will not be very comfortable to live in it. Therefore, the assembly of engineering communications is a very responsible matter. If it is carried out independently, experts recommend that you first study in as much detail as possible all the features of the installation. We will talk about how to connect a radiator and which circuit to choose for its maximum heat transfer.
Before talking about options, it is worth dwelling on existing heating schemes, choosing the most suitable place for installing a radiator, as well as describing methods for circulating a coolant
Heating schemes
To service apartment and private houses, two heating systems are actively used today - one-pipe and two-pipe.
The single-pipe scheme involves the supply of hot coolant from above the house, and then its distribution to the heating devices installed in each apartment. This system has one serious drawback. It does not allow you to adjust the temperature that the heaters create without additional installation of special devices. And one more significant minus - having reached the lower floors, the coolant cools noticeably, so there is not enough heat in the apartments.
The two-pipe system is completely devoid of such moments. This is the most efficient scheme out there. heating systems. Indeed, in it, hot water is supplied to the battery through one riser, and then through another - the return line - goes back to the general circuit. Separate batteries are connected to the system in parallel, therefore, in each heater, the temperature of the coolant is approximately the same. It can be adjusted by installing a thermostat on the radiator. And this is another advantage of such an organization of heating.
What is important to consider when choosing a radiator installation location?
When choosing a place to connect the battery, it is important to consider that the functions of this device are not only to provide heat, but also to protect the room from the penetration of cold from the outside. That is why radiators are installed in places that are weakest from this point of view - under window sills. So they cut off the flow of cold air that enters the room through a window or balcony block.
There is a ready layout. Mounting distances are determined in accordance with existing SNiP standards. They allow you to get the maximum heat transfer as a result. Therefore, it is worth mentioning them.
Note! Batteries should be placed at a distance of 12 cm from the floor, 10 cm from the windowsill and 2 cm from the wall. Violation of these rules is not recommended.
Additional equipment and methods of coolant circulation in the heating system
How to connect heating
Before proceeding to the description of heating connection schemes, it is worth talking about the equipment that will be needed at the time of its implementation.
The water inside the system can circulate in a natural and forced way. The second option involves connecting a circulation pump. He pushes through hot water helping her get to the most inaccessible places. In order to do this, the pump must be installed in common system by choosing a place directly at the boiler.
Note! By connecting the circulation pump, we make the heating system volatile. In the event of a power outage, it will not work.
But engineers have long come up with a device that allows you to reconfigure the forced circulation of the coolant to natural. This device is called a bypass. In fact, such equipment is a common jumper that is installed between the supply pipe and the return pipe. For the system to work without interruption, the diameter of the bypass must be smaller than the diameter of the main wiring.
Radiator connection diagrams
There are several heating circuits that allow you to connect batteries to the central line. It:
- Lateral one-way connection.
- Lower.
- Diagonal.
The first option provides maximum heat transfer, so many prefer it. When choosing such a scheme, the batteries are connected to the wiring as follows. The inlet pipe is connected to the upper side branch pipe, and the outlet pipe is connected to the lower one on the same side.
Installation of radiators
Such a scheme contributes to a uniform distribution of the volume of coolant inside the battery. The latter warms up completely, which means that it gives off heat in more quantities. Experts strongly recommend choosing this option when the radiator consists of a large number of sections - up to 15 units. It should also be used when all heaters in a house or apartment are connected to a single network in parallel.
The bottom connection allows you to hide the piping in the floor. With it, both the inlet and outlet pipes are connected to the lower battery outlets. The system works effectively only at a constant maximum water pressure. As soon as it falls, the radiator is half empty inside, and heat transfer is reduced by 15%. With this option, the batteries warm up unevenly - their bottom is hotter than the top. And this must be taken into account when choosing similar way connections.
The diagonal connection involves the supply pipe to the upper branch pipe of the battery, and the return pipe to the lower one, located on the opposite side. With this option, the battery inside is also completely filled, so the heat transfer loss is no more than 2%.
How to connect correctly?
Installation of heating radiators
After choosing the connection scheme, you must install the batteries correctly:
- It is better to hang the radiator to the wall using brackets. At the same time, two are attached from above, taking on the main load of weight, and two from below, supporting a heavy heater. Note! If a radiator consisting of 12 sections or more is used, an additional bracket is required, which is mounted on top exactly in the center of the heaters.
- When mounting, it is advisable to arm yourself with a building level and set the batteries horizontally and vertically. Any distortion, even the smallest, will lead to the fact that an air lock forms inside the radiator. It will not allow the device to demonstrate its maximum capabilities.
- The number of sections is calculated not only taking into account the capacities. Models are selected whose width completely covers the space under the windowsill.
- When connecting, it is necessary to prevent the upper inlet pipe from bending down, and the lower outlet pipe up. This will also lead to the formation air locks, but not in the battery itself, but in the pipes. And eliminating them will be extremely problematic.
- If radiators consisting of more than 12 sections are installed, it is better to choose a diagonal connection. Otherwise, it will be extremely difficult to fill the entire volume of the heater with coolant.
- To achieve maximum heat transfer, experts recommend using a foil screen, which is attached from the back of the device directly to the wall. If this is not done, a significant amount of heat is spent on heating the wall, and not the room.
What material to choose for connecting batteries?
Complete scheme of the heating system
Today, in 90% of cases, metal-plastic pipes are used to connect radiators. The sleds are attached to the devices by metal welding, and then the wiring is installed by soldering. The result is a very strong and reliable connection that looks very aesthetically pleasing.
For greater security, all the necessary locking equipment is immediately installed. Instead of ball valves, experts recommend paying attention to valves with thermostatic heads. They will allow you to automatically carry out all the necessary adjustments.
When buying modern radiators, you do not need to think about choosing a kit for proper connection. The package already includes brackets, radiator fittings, an air vent valve, American taps, several connectors, tees, elbows and clamps. Therefore, it will be very simple to make a high-quality connection, taking into account the above recommendations.
Conclusion on the topic
Heating batteries are connected in three ways. The choice of a particular option depends on many factors. It is important to consider the number of radiator sections and the features of heating systems.
So, for example, in the presence of forced circulation, any of the three types of connection can be used - both lower, and diagonal, and one-sided side. With natural circulation, pressure surges of the coolant often occur, and the lower connection in this case is not always effective.